Beta factor for punching

EN 1992-1-1
All information in this document is subject to modification without prior notice. No part or this manual
may be reproduced, stored in a database or retrieval system or published, in any form or in any way,
electronically, mechanically, by print, photo print, microfilm or any other means without prior written
permission from the publisher. Scia is not responsible for any direct or indirect damage because of
imperfections in the documentation and/or the software.

Copyright 2012 Scia Group nv. All rights reserved.

2
 Table of contents

Content
1 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 1

2 Setting of calculation .................................................................................................................... 2

2.1 Concrete solver ....................................................................................................................... 2

2.2 Punching data ......................................................................................................................... 3

3 Output for calculation for Beta factor ......................................................................................... 4

3.1 Member check ......................................................................................................................... 5

3.2 Single check ............................................................................................................................ 7

4 Theoretical background ............................................................................................................... 9

4.1 Simplified method (EN 1992-1-1,6.4.3(6)) ............................................................................. 9

4.2 General method (EN 1992-1-1,6.4.3(3-5)) ............................................................................ 10

4.3 General method (general formula) ...................................................................................... 13

5 Comparison of calculation Beta factor ..................................................................................... 15

5.1 Internal column ..................................................................................................................... 15

5.2 Edge column (parallel x) ...................................................................................................... 16

5.3 Corner column....................................................................................................................... 17

6 Abbreviation ................................................................................................................................ 18

7 Literature ...................................................................................................................................... 19

3
1 Abstract

The maximum punching shear stress in EN 1992-1-1, clause 6.4.3(3) is calculated according to formula
below.

It follows that maximum punching shear stress depends on:
design ultimate shear force on the perimeter (VEd)
length of control perimeter (ui)
the mean effective depth of the slab at control perimeter (d)
shear factor taking into account of moment transfer (). The calculation of this factor is based on the
principle, that the moment transferred between the slab and the column must be equal to the
moment produced by the shear v distributed around the perimeter ui

The version SCIA Engineer 2012 offers the following possibilities for calculation of factor :
Simplified method according to EN 1992-1-1, clause 6.4.3(6), default method
General method according to EN 1992-1-1, clause 6.4.3(3-5)
General method according to general formula
User input of factor (only if punching data are defined)

1
2 Setting of calculation

The type of method for calculation of factor can be set in:

Concrete solver > ULS > Punching for punching check in node without Punching data

Punching data for punching check in node with punching data

2.1 Concrete solver

Type of calculation of factor can be set in Concrete solver > ULS > Punching via combo box Type of
calculation Beta factor, where is available three methods:

o Simplified (EN 1992-1-1,6.4.3(6)) - default method

o General (EN 1992-1-1,6.4.3(3-5))
o General ( general formula)
This setting will be taken into account for check of punching in the node without defined punching
data.

2
2.2 Punching data
Type of calculation of factor can be set in combo box Type of calculation Beta factor, where is
available four possibilities:

o Simplified (EN 1992-1-1,6.4.3(6))

o General (EN 1992-1-1,6.4.3(3-5))
o General ( general formula)
o User input

The default method is loaded form Concrete solver and this setting will be taken into account for
check of punching in the node with defined punching data

Note

If Type of calculation Beta factor = User input, then new property User input of beta
factor is active, where user can define own value of factor. Default value is 1,0.

3
3 Output for calculation for Beta factor

In the numerical output are new values, which are used in calculation factor according to generals
methods. The following new values can be presented in numerical output :

For all methods

MEd,x is unbalanced transferred bending moment between the slab and the columns
(supports) in of x axis of LCS for punching

MEd,y is unbalanced transferred bending moment between the slab and the columns
(supports) in of y axis of LCS for punching

For general ( general formula) method

kx,ky is a coefficient dependent on the ratio between the column dimensions in direction of
x(y) axis of LCS for punching

ex(y),i is eccentricity of i-th control perimeter related to centroid of cross-section in

direction of x(y) axis of LCS for punching

Wx(y),i is modulus of i-th control perimeter in direction of x(y) axis of LCS for punching
corresponds to a distribution of shear and recalculated to centre of gravity of the
control perimeter

For General (EN 1992-1-1,6.4.3(3-5)) method

kx,ky is a coefficient dependent on the ratio between the column dimensions in direction of
x(y) axis of LCS for punching

ex(y),i is eccentricity of i-th control perimeter related to centroid of cross-section in

direction of x(y) axis of LCS for punching

Wx(y),i is modulus of i-th control perimeter in direction of x(y) axis of LCS for punching
corresponds to a distribution of shear and recalculated to centre of gravity of the
node , where is column (support linked to the slab)

ke Is the coefficient dependent on the ratio between the column dimensions in direction
of eccentricity of bending moments MEd,x and MEd,y.

W,i is modulus of i-th control perimeter in direction of eccentricities of bending moments

MEd,x and MEd,y.

4
 Note

The orientation of axiss in LCS for punching is always transformed to the first quadrant of
GCS of the project and the LCS for punching can be presented in single check, see picture
below

3.1 Member check

The numerical output can be presented after clicking on action button Preview in service Punching
check (tree Concrete > Punching ) or after adding the item Punching check to the document

Numerical output in service Punching check Numerical output in document

5
There are presented following tables in member check

The factor and other values, which are used for calculation factor can be presented in table Check
punching shear resistance and design shear reinforcement.

6
 Note

Existing table can be edit via icon Table composer or via double clicking on the header
of the table.

The new table can be created via icon Table manager

3.2 Single check

The dialog for detailed check of one node (single check) will be opened after clicking on action button
Single check in service Punching check (tree Concrete > Punching ). The numerical output can be
presented in tab-sheet Design of reinforcement or in tab-sheet Document setup

7
 Note

The numerical output in single check can be presented directly in the dialog (item Preview)
or can be set to the main document (item Document)

There is a special table in Results in critical section, where are presented ( depending on
the selected method of calculation factor ) detailed values, which are used for calculation
of factor

8
4 Theoretical background

4.1 Simplified method (EN 1992-1-1,6.4.3(6))

This method according to EN 1992-1-1, clause 6.4.3(6) can be used for structures where the lateral stability
does not depend on frame action between the slabs and the columns, and where the adjacent spans do not
differ in length by more than 25%. The value of factor is the same for all control perimeters and depends on
position of the column, where for

corner column = int

edge column (parallel x or parallel y) = edge

internal column = int

cor

edge int

The value of factor for simplified method and for different position of column can be set or edit for each NA
in Manager of national annex > EN 1992-1-1 > ULS > Punching, see picture below

9
4.2 General method (EN 1992-1-1,6.4.3(3-5))
This method of calculation is described in to EN 1992-1-1, clause 6.4.3(6) and the calculation of factor
depends on position of column and on it, if the eccentricity toward the interior or exterior of the slab for edge
and corner column. The value of factor is calculated for each control perimeter as minimum value from
factor in first critical and in current critical perimeter. It means the this value can be different for each control
perimeter.

Internal column

The following formula are used for calculation of factor

1
,

Note

This formula is used too for biaxial unbalanced bending moment too, because approximate
expression 6.43 in EN 1992-1-1 does not take into account opening around and interruption
of control perimeter for dimension of column greater than 3d

The factor in first critical perimeter is used for calculation the control perimeter at which
shear reinforcement is not required (value uout,eff), see clause 6.4.5(4) in EN 1992-1-1.

10
Edge (Parallel x)

the eccentricity is toward the interior of the slab ( MEdy > 0)

,


, ,

the eccentricity is toward the exterior of the slab ( MEdy 0)

1
,

Edge (Parallel y)

the eccentricity is toward the interior of the slab ( MEdx > 0)

,


, ,

the eccentricity is toward the exterior of the slab ( MEdx 0)

1
,

Corner

the eccentricity is toward the interior of the slab (MEdx 0 and MEdy 0 )

the eccentricity is toward the interior of the slab

1
,

kx is a coefficient dependent on the ratio between the column dimensions in direction

of x axis of LCS for punching. The value is calculated by interpolation from the
table 6.1 in EN 1992-1-1, for ratio cx/cy

ky is a coefficient dependent on the ratio between the column dimensions in direction

of y axis of LCS for punching. The value is calculated by interpolation from the
table 6.1 in EN 1992-1-1, for ratio cy/cx

11
 ke is a coefficient dependent on the ratio between the column dimensions in direction
of eccentricity of bending moment

, ,

, ,

MEd,x is unbalanced transferred bending moment between the slab and the
columns(supports) in direction of x axis

MEd,y is unbalanced transferred bending moment between the slab and the
column(supports) in direction of y axis

MEd is unbalanced transferred bending moment between the slab and the column
(supports)recalculated to direction of eccentricities

, ,

Wi is the modulus of i-th control perimeter in direction of eccentricity (value )

recalculated to the centre of gravity of the column (support)

Wx,i is the modulus of i-th control perimeter in direction of x axis recalculated to the
centre of gravity of the column (support)

Wy,i is the modulus of i-th control perimeter in direction of y axis recalculated to the
centre of gravity of the column (support)

ui is the length of i-th control perimeter

u* reduced control perimeter, see picture 6.20 in EN 1992-1-1

VEd,i is shear force for i-th control perimeter

Is angle between x-axis and direction of eccentricities

tan , / ,

12
 ui* Direction of eccentricity

MEd,x

min(1,5d;0,5cy)

cy
ui MEd,y
y
cx the centre of gravity of the

x column (support)

4.3 General method (general formula)

This method of calculation is based on the formula below, where value is calculated from the biggest value
of the shear stress caused by shear force and unbalanced transferred bending moments between the slab
and the columns(supports). The value of factor is calculated for each control perimeter as minimum value
from factor in first critical and in current critical perimeter. It means the this value can be different for each
control perimeter.

, , . , , , . ,
1
, , ,

Note

The factor in first critical perimeter is used for calculation the control perimeter at which
shear reinforcement is not required (value uout,eff), see clause 6.4.5(4) in EN 1992-1-1.

kx is a coefficient dependent on the ratio between the column dimensions in direction

of x axis of LCS for punching. The value is calculated by interpolation from the
table 6.1 in EN 1992-1-1, for ratio cx/cy

ky is a coefficient dependent on the ratio between the column dimensions in direction

of y axis of LCS for punching. The value is calculated by interpolation from the
table 6.1 in EN 1992-1-1, for ratio cy/cx

MEd,x is unbalanced transferred bending moment between the slab and the
columns(supports) in direction of x axis

MEd,y is unbalanced transferred bending moment between the slab and the
column(supports) in direction of y axis

13
 ex(y),i is eccentricity of i-th control perimeter related to centroid of cross-section in
direction of x(y) axis. Distance between centre of gravity of control perimeter and
centre of gravity of the column (support)

Wx,i is the modulus of i-th control perimeter in direction of x axis recalculated to the
centre of gravity of the control perimeter

Wy,i is the modulus of i-th control perimeter in direction of y axis recalculated to the
centre of gravity of gravity of the control perimeter

ui is the length of i-th control perimeter

VEd,i is shear force for i-th control perimeter

the centre of gravity of the

MEd,x i-th control perimeter

eyi ui
cy

MEd,y
y
cx the centre of gravity of the

x column (support)

14
5 Comparison of calculation Beta factor

5.1 Internal column

b= 300 mm; h = 450 mm; d = 160 mm, VEd(REd) = 100kN

MEd,x [kNm/m] 0 30 -30 0 0 30 30 -30 -30

MEd,y [kNm/m] 0 0 0 30 -30 30 -30 30 -30

Method factor

Simplified EN 1992-1-1 1.15

General EN 1992-1-1 1.0 1.45 1.45 1.53 1.53 1.71 1.71 1.71 1.71

General (general formula) 1.0 1.45 1.45 1.53 1.53 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98

EN 1992-1-1, equation 6.43 - - - - - 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.76

General EN 1992-1-1
General (general formula)

15
5.2 Edge column (parallel x)

b= 300 mm; h = 450 mm; d = 160 mm; ay=300mm; VEd(REd) = 100kN

MEd,x [kNm/m] 0 30 -30 0 0 30 30 -30 -30

MEd,y [kNm/m] 0 0 0 30 -30 30 -30 30 -30

Method factor

Simplified EN 1992-1-1 1.4

General EN 1992-1-1 1.0 1.39 1.39 1.60 1.59 1.99 1.72 1.99 1.72

General (general formula) 1.2 1.67 1.67 1.91 1.36 2.30 1.74 2.30 1.74
General EN 1992-1-1
General (general formula)

* The factor for method =General(general formula) is calculated for biggest value of shear stress along
the control perimeter, therefore in some cases (the eccentricity perpendicular to the slab edge is toward
the interior of the slab) there is quite big difference of results in comparison with method = General EN
1992-1-1..

16
5.3 Corner column

b= 300 mm; h = 450 mm; d = 160 mm; ax=300mm; ay=300mm; VEd(REd) = 100kN

MEd,x [kNm/m] 0 30 -30 0 0 30 30 -30 -30

MEd,y [kNm/m] 0 0 0 30 -30 30 -30 30 -30

Method factor

Simplified EN 1992-1-1 1.5

General EN 1992-1-1 1.0 1.39 1.39 1.56 1.56 2.11 1.66 1.66 1.73

General (general formula) 1.95 2.54 1.61 2.58 1.61 3.17 2.20 2.24 1.26
General EN 1992-1-1
General (general formula)

17
6 Abbreviation

Abbreviation Explanation
SEN Software SCIA Engineer
PNL Physical nonlinear calculation
GNL Geometrical nonlinear calculation
LCS Local coordinate system
GCS Global coordinate system

REDES The module in SEN for inputting user reinforcement to 1D member via
template
SLS Serviceability limit state

ULS Ultimate limit state

FEM Finite element on 2D member, which is created by meshing of 2D member

18
7 Literature

EN 1992-1-1: 2004 Eurocode 2 : design of concrete structures Part 1: General rules and
[1]
rules for building

Designers Quide to EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete

[2] structures. General rules and rules for building and structural fire design. R.S. Narayanan
& A.Beeby

[3] elezobetnov nosne sstavy, Navrhovanie poda eurpskych noriem, I.Harvan

19