Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2011 May 1B
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(ii) What are the two different genotypes of people who are at risk of FH?
(2)
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(b) (i) In the boxes below give the genotypes of the parents, and the genotypes of
all the possible children, for a cross between a heterozygous father and
a heterozygous mother. You should use the symbols D for the dominant
allele and d for the recessive allele in your answer.
(2)
Father Mother
Parents
Children
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(ii) What is the probability of these parents producing a child with FH?
(1)
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(c) High levels of blood cholesterol can lead to narrowing of arteries. Suggest how
this might affect the ability of the heart to function.
(5)
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KRUTOO
(Total for Question 6 = 12 marks)
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Use your knowledge of natural selection to suggest how the peacocks tail has evolved.
(5)
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(c) There is a shortage of people willing to donate their organs. Scientists hope to
create cloned organisms to solve this problem.
(i) What is a cloned organism?
(2)
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(ii) Suggest two advantages of using cloned organisms to provide organs rather
than relying on people to donate organs.
(2)
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6 Most simple genetic crosses, such as those studied by Mendel, investigate phenotypes
determined by a pair of alleles, where one allele is dominant over the other allele.
Mendel crossed homozygous tall pea plants with homozygous dwarf pea plants.
All the offspring were tall.
(a) Use a genetic diagram to show the parent genotypes, the gametes formed and
the genotypes of the offspring.
(3)
(b) Mendel then made sure that the tall offspring plants could only self-pollinate,
rather than being pollinated by other plants. The seeds produced grew to give
new plants with a 3 : 1 phenotypic ratio.
(i) Suggest how Mendel made sure that the pea plants self-pollinated.
(2)
(ii) Give the genotypes of the offspring he obtained from the self-pollinated pea plants.
(1)
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(ii) Suggest why the number of people with achondroplasia is low, even though it
is a dominant condition.
(2)
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*P40132A01324* KRUTOO Turn over
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4 In fruit flies, the length of the wings is controlled by a gene with two alleles. The
allele for long wings (L) is dominant to the allele for short wings (l). The diagram
shows a long-winged fruit fly and a short-winged fruit fly.
LL homozygous dominant
Ll heterozygous
short-winged
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(b) Two heterozygous fruit flies mated. The number of long-winged and short-winged
offspring produced are shown below.
612 204
Tick one box to show the number of these offspring that is likely to be heterozygous.
(1)
Number Tick
204
408
612
816
(c) Yeast cells feed on rotting fruit. Fruit flies feed on these yeast cells.
Use this information to draw a food chain in the space below.
(2)
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(d) A student wanted to find out if fruit flies are attracted to rotting fruit. He set up
this apparatus.
lid
glass tank
He released 20 fruit flies into the glass tank. After ten minutes, he counted the
number of fruit flies found near the fresh fruit and the number found near the
rotting fruit. The table shows his results.
4 16
(i) Name two factors that the student should control in this investigation.
(2)
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4 (a) Lactose is a sugar found in milk. It is digested by an enzyme called lactase. Some
people cannot make lactase. The condition they have is called lactose intolerance.
The condition is caused by a recessive allele. This means that only people with
the homozygous recessive genotype can be lactose intolerant.
(ii) State the two possible genotypes of an individual who is not lactose intolerant.
Use the symbols D for the dominant allele and d for the recessive allele.
(2)
Mother Father
Parents
Children
(ii) What is the probability that the children are lactose intolerant?
(1)
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(c) People from different countries were tested to find out if they were lactose intolerant.
The table shows the number of people who were tested in each country and the
percentage who were lactose intolerant.
Answer ....................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Suggest a reason why the value of 100% for country H may not be correct.
(1)
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BLANK PAGE
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A IA IA or I A IO
B IB IB or I B IO
AB I A IB
O I O IO
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(b) A man with blood group A married a woman with blood group B. They had four
children, each with a different blood group.
Use a genetic diagram to show this cross.
(3)
Genotypes of the parents
Gametes
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*P43316A01920* KRUTOO
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(c) Use your knowledge of enzymes to explain why blood is slow to clot at 45qC.
(2)
(d) The coronary artery supplies blood to heart muscle cells. A heart attack may occur
if the coronary artery is blocked by a blood clot.
Suggest what happens in heart muscle cells when the coronary artery is blocked.
(4)
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Polydactyly is caused by a dominant allele (D). The table describes the different
genotypes for polydactyly.
(a) Complete the table by giving the correct genotype, alleles of each genotype and
the expected number of digits per hand.
(4)
Expected number of
Genotype Alleles
digits per hand
dd
heterozygous Dd
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(b) The table lists possible matings between parents. Complete the table by writing
the probability of each mating producing a child with polydactyly. One has been
done for you.
(2)
Dd DD
Dd dd 0.5
Dd Dd
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(b) The table lists possible matings between parents. Complete the table by writing
the probability of each mating producing a child with polydactyly. One has been
done for you.
(2)
Dd DD
Dd dd 0.5
Dd Dd
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(b) A gene is made from 1000 base pairs. The table shows the percentage of each
base found in the gene.
(i) Complete the table by giving the name of the missing base.
(1)
(ii) Calculate how many cytosine bases you would expect to find in this gene.
(1)
Answer ................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(c) The photograph shows a chicken with a mixture of black feathers and white feathers.
offspring with a
mixture of black
and white feathers
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(i) Complete the table by writing the genotype of the chickens shown in the
diagram.
(1)
Chicken Genotype
(ii) Two of the offspring with a mixture of black and white feathers mated. What
is the probability that their offspring would also have a mixture of black and
white feathers?
(1)
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