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Chu:cmg 1 SCI lu:r;c vJ phu:cmg philp phdn tir hi1u hqn - FEM
Chu'dng 1
so LUOC
. VE PHUONG PHAp
PHAN TU HCtu HAN
.
FEM
N hu dll bi~t, t~t ca cac bai toan ky thuat d~u c6 th~ bi~u di~n a d~ng cac phuang trinh toan
hoc rna di~n hinh la cac phuang trinh vi phan lien k~t vai cac di~u ki~n bien. D6i vai nhung
bai toan dan gian thi c6 th~ tim duQ'c lai giai chinh xac. Tuy nhien, h~u h~t cac bai to an c6
phuang trinh m6 ta va bien khao sat r~t phuc t~p, do d6 vi~c tim lai giai chinh xac cho bai
toan g~p r~t nhi~u kh6 khan, rna d6i hiC kh6ng th~ giai duQ'c. D~ kh~c ph\lc nhung kh6 khan
nay, thi nhi~u phuang phap s6 dll duQ'c ra dai. Trong nhung phuang phap s6 d6 thi n6i bac va
thuang dung nh~t la phuang phap ph~n tu huu h~n (finite element method). Y tuang cua
phuang phap ph~n tu huu h~n la chia vat th~ ra thanh mot tap huu h~n cac mi~n con (gOi la
ph~n tu) li~n nhau nhung kh6ng lien k~t hoan toan vai nhau tren kh~p tung m~t bien cua
chung. Truang chuy~n vi, bi~n d~ng, ung su~t duQ'c xac dinh tren tung ph~n tu. D~ng ph~n tu
c6 th~ la thanh, d~m, gian, t~m, va, kh6i. Cac ph~n tu n6i k~t vai nhau qua cac nut.
I. cAc BUOC GIAI BAI ToAN FEM.

1. Rai r~c hoa mi~n khao sat (t~o luai cho ph~n tu): chia vat ra thanh nhi~u ph~n tu sao
cho tinh ch~t vat Ii cua m6i ph~n tu kh6ng thay d6i. N~u vat c6 bien d~ng phuc t~p thi
chia cac ph~n tu a g~n bien sao cho that nhuy~n.
2. Xay dvng cac phuang trinh ph~n tu.
3. L~p ghep cac phuang trinh ph~n tu va tim ra rna tran do cung.
4. Khu cac di~u ki~n bien.
5. Giai M phuang trinh toan C\lC.
6. Tinh toan cac k~t qua.
1
II. ViDV 1.
Xet mot M giim nhu hinh 1.1. T~t ca cac thanh d~u lam b~ng g6 vai m6dun dan h6i Young
E = 1.9 X 10 6 (N/m2) va di~n tich m~t c~t ngang la 8 m 2 . Tinh ung su~t, chuy~n vi trong m6i
ph~n tu thanh gian va phan h,rc t~i hai g6i.
500N 500N
2
Hinh 1.1
Giai bai toan nay se trai qua ba giai do~n (ti~n xu ly, giai, hau xu IY).
1) Giai do~n ti~n xu If.

a) Nut va phdn tir:
Xet m6i thanh gian la mot ph~n tu, di~m n6i chung l~i vai nhau la mot nut. Vi vay, M gian dll
cho co th~ chi thanh 5 nut va 6 ph~n tu nhu bi~u di~n a hinh 1.1. Sau day la bang th~ hi~n nut
va ph~n tu cua M gian:
Ph~n tu Nuti Nut} Goc e

(1) 1 2 0
(2) 2 3 135
(3) 3 4 0
(4) 2 4 90
(5) 2 5 45
(6) 4 5 0
Bang 1.1
b) H s6 d9 dmg phdn tir:

Ph~n tu (1), (3), (4) va (6) co cung chi~u dai, di~n tich m~t c~t ngang, m6dun dan h6i. Nen M
s6 do cung tuang duang cho m6i ph~n tu duQ'c tinh:
6
k= AE = 8X(1.9XI0 )=4.22XI0 5 (N/m) (1.1 )
L 36
2
Con ph~n tu (2) va (5) co h~ sf> do cung tuang duang:

6
k = AE = 8x(1.9xI0 ) = 2.98xI05 (1.2)
L 50.9
c) Ma trq.n d9 dmg phdn tir:

d ph~n tu (1), (3) va (6) co goc B = 0 0
(nhu hinh 1.2).
L[o i=1 Ph~n tu (1)

x OJ
j=2
i=3 Ph~n tu (3) j=4
i=4 Ph~n tu (6) j=5
Hinh 1.2
cos 2 B sinBcosB -cos 2 B -sinBcosB

2
sinB cosB sin B -sinBcosB -sin 2 B
[K](e) = k
-cos 2 B -sinBcosB cos 2 B sinBcosB
2
-sinBcosB -sin B sinBcosB sin 2 B
2 2
cos (0) sin ( 0 ) cos ( 0 ) -cos (0) - sin ( 0) cos ( 0 )
2
sin ( 0 ) cos ( 0 ) sin (0) - sin ( 0 ) cos ( 0 ) - sin 2 (0)
= 4.22 X 105 2 2
(1.3)
-cos (0) - sin ( 0 ) cos ( 0 ) cos (0) sin ( 0 ) cos ( 0 )
2 2
- sin ( 0) cos ( 0 ) -sin (0) sin ( 0 ) cos ( 0 ) sin (0)
Ph~n tu thu (1):

1 0 -1 0 U 1X
0 0 0 0 U 1Y
Diaphuang: [Kf) =4.22xI05 (1 A)
-1 0 1 0 U 2X
0 0 0 0 U 2Y
3
4.22 0 -4.22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U1X

-4.22 0 4.22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 1Y
o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 2X
o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 2Y
(1G) 5 o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 3X
Toim C\lC: [ K ] = 10 (1.5)
o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 3Y
o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 4X
o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 4Y
o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 U sx
o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 U SY
Ph~n tu thu (3):

1 0 -1 0 U 3X
o
Di a phuang:[Kf)=4.22xl0 S 0 0 (1.6)
-1 0 1
o 0 0 0 U 4Y
o 0 0 0 o o o o 0 0 U1X
o 0 0 0 o o o o 0 0 U 1Y
o 0 0 0 o o o o 0 0 U 2X
o 0 0 0 o o o o 0 0 U 2Y
(3G) 5 0 0 0 0 4.22 o -4.22 0 0 0 U 3X
Toim C\lC: [ K ] = 10 (1.7)
o 0 0 0 0 o o
o 0 0 0 -4.22 0 4.22 0 0 0 U 4X
o 0 0 0 o o o o 0 0 U 4Y
o 0 0 0 o o o o 0 0 U sx
o 0 0 0 o o o o 0 0 U SY
Ph~n tu thu (6):

1 0 -1 0 U 4X
Dia phuang: [K](6) = 4.22 X 105 0 0

o
(1.8)
-1 0 1
o 0 0 0 U SY
4
Chuong 1 SO' IU9'C v~ phuong philp phdn tir hfru h(;ln - FEM
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U1X
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U1Y
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U2X
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U2Y
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U3X
Toim C1,lC : [K](6G) = lOs (1.9)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U3Y
0 0 0 0 0 0 4.22 0 -4.22 0 U4 X
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U4Y
0 0 0 0 0 0 -4.22 0 4.22 0 Usx
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 USY
Ph~n tu thu (4): co goc e = 90 0

(nhu hinh 1.3) .
,.o. . J=
. 4
L y Hinh 1.3
o i =2
2
cos (90) sin (90) cos (90 )
sin (90) cos (90 ) sin2(90)
[Kt ) = 4.22 x IOs 2
-cos (90) - sin ( 90) cos ( 90 )
- sin (90) cos (90) -sin 2 (90)
2 -sin (90) cos (90 )
-cos (90)
-sin (90) cos(90) -sin 2 (90)
2 (1.10)
cos (90) sin ( 90) cos (90 )
2
sin (90) cos (90) sin (90)
0 0 0 0 U2X
0 1 0 -1 U 2Y
Dia phuO'ng: [K](4) = 4.22 x IO s (1.11)
0 0 0 0 U4 X
0 -1 0 1 U4Y
5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U1X
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U1Y
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 2X
0 0 0 4.22 0 0 0 -4.22 0 0 U 2Y
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 3X
Toim C\lC: [K](4G) = 105 (1.12)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 3Y
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 4X
0 0 0 -4.22 0 0 0 4.22 0 0 U 4Y
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U sx
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U SY
Ph~n tu thu (2): co goc e = 135 (nhu hinh 1.4) .

}=3
Hinh 1.4
2
cos (135) sin(135)cos(135)
sin (135) cos ( 135) sin 2 ( 135)
2
-cos (135) -sin(135)cos(135)
- sin (135) cos (135) - sin 2 (135)
2
-cos (135) -sin(135)cos(135)
2
-sin(135)cos(135) -sin (135)
2
(1.13)
cos (135) sin(135)cos(135)
sin (135) cos ( 135) sin 2 ( 135)
Dia phuang:
0.5 -0.5 -0.5 0.5 U 2X
-0.5 0.5 0.5 -0.5 U 2Y
[K](4) = 2.98xl0s
-0.5 0.5 0.5 -0.5 U 3X
0.5 -0.5 -0.5 0.5 U 3Y
6
1 -1 -1 1 U 2X
-1 1 1 -1 U 2Y
= 1.49 X 105 (1.14)
-1 1 1 -1 U 3X
1 -1 -1 1 U 3Y
Toim C\lC:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 1X
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U1Y
0 0 1.49 -1.49 -1.49 1.49 0 0 0 0 U 2X
0 0 -1.49 1.49 1.49 -1.49 0 0 0 0 U 2Y
0 0 -1.49 1.49 1.49 -1.49 0 0 0 0 U 3X
[K](2G) =105 (1.1S)
0 0 1.49 -1.49 -1.49 1.49 0 0 0 0 U 3Y
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U4X
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 4Y
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 5X
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U5Y
Ph~n tu thu (S): co goc e = 4So (nhu hinh 1.S) .
Hinh 1.S
2
cos (4S) sin( 4S)cos( 4S)
2
sin( 4S)cos( 4S) sin (4S)
2
-COS (4S) -sin( 4S)cos( 4S)
- sin ( 4S) cos ( 4S) -sin 2 (4S)
2
-COS (4S) -sin( 4S)cos( 4S)
2
-sin(4S)cos(4S) -sin (4S)
2 (1.16)
cos (4S) sin(4S)cos(4S)
sin(4S)cos(4S) sin2(4S)
7
1 1 -1 -1 U 2X
1 1 -1 -1 U 2Y
Dia phuang: [K](S) = 1.49 x 105 (1.17)
-1 -1 1 1 U sx
1 -1 1 1 U SY
Toim C\lC:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 1X
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 1Y
0 0 1.49 1.49 0 0 0 0 -1.49 -1.49 U 2X
0 0 1.49 1.49 0 0 0 0 -1.49 -1.49 U 2Y
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 3X
[Kt2G) = 105 (1.18)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U3Y
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U 4X
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U4Y
0 0 -1.49 -1.49 0 0 0 0 1.49 1.49 U sx
0 0 -1.49 -1.49 0 0 0 0 1.49 1.49 U SY
d) L&p ghep phdn tiro

Ma tran do cung toim C\lC tim duQ'c b~ng cach l~p ghep cac rna tran do cung cua cac ph~n tu:
[K](G) = [K](IG) + [K](2G) + [K](3G) + [K](4G) + [K](SG) + [K](6G)
4.22 0 -4.22 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
-4.22 0 4.22 + 1.49 + 1.49 -1.49 + 1.49 -149
0 0 1.49-1.49 4.22 + 1.49 + 1.49 1.49
0 0 -1.49 1.49 4.22+1.49
[K](G) =
0 0 1.49 -1.49 -1.49
0 0 0 0 -4.22
0 0 0 -4.22 0
0 0 -1.49 -1.49 0
0 0 -1.49 -1.49 0
8
0 0 0 0 0 U1X
0 0 0 0 0 U 1Y
1.49 0 0 -1.49 -1.49 U 2X
-1.49 0 -4.22 -1.49 -1.49 U 2Y
-1.49 -4.22 0 0 0 U 3X
(1.19)
1.49 0 0 0 0 U 3Y
0 4.22 + 4.22 0 -4.22 0 U 4X
0 0 4.22 0 0 U 4Y
0 -4.22 0 4.22 + 1.49 1.49 U sx
0 0 0 1.49 1.49 U SY
4.22 0 -4.22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U1X

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U1Y
-4.22 0 7.2 0 -149 1.49 0 0 -1.49 -1.49 U 2X
0 0 0 7.2 1.49 -1.49 0 -4.22 -1.49 -1.49 U 2Y
0 0 -1.49 1.49 5.71 -1.49 -4.22 0 0 0 U 3X
= (1.20)
0 0 1.49 -1.49 -1.49 1.49 0 0 0 0 U 3Y
0 0 0 0 -4.22 0 8.44 0 -4.22 0 U 4X
0 0 0 -4.22 0 0 0 4.22 0 0 U4Y
0 0 -1.49 -1.49 0 0 -4.22 0 5.71 1.49 U sx
0 0 -1.49 -1.49 0 0 0 0 1.49 1.49 U SY
e) Ap d(tt diJu kin bien va tiIi tr9ng.

Di~u ki~n bien: nut 1 va 3 bi k~p ch~t nen U1X = U1y = U3X = U3y = O.
Tai trong: ngo~i h,rc tac d\lllg len nut 4 va 5 thea phuang th~ng dung: F 4y = -500 N va Fsy =
-SOON.
Tu nhfrng di~u ki~n bien thi phuang trinh do cung toan C\lC co th~ khu di hang thu nh~t, thu
hai, thu narn va thu sau; cung vai nhfrng cot tuang ung. Tu do phuang trinh do cung toan C\lC
chi con rna tran 6 x 6 :
7.2 0 0 0 -1.49 -1.49 U 2X 0
0 7.2 0 -4.22 -1.49 -1.49 U 2Y 0
0 0 8.44 0 -4.22 0 U 4X 0
105 = (1.21)
0 -4.22 0 4.22 0 0 U 4Y -500
-1.49 -1.49 -4.22 0 5.71 1.49 U sx 0
-1.49 -1.49 0 0 1.49 1.49 U SY -500
9
2) Giai do~n giai.

Giai phuang trinh (1.21), tim duQ'c:
{U {U
2X : ~0.0035 m 4X : ~.00118 m U SX : ~.00240 m
{ U - 0.0195 m
(1.22)
U 2y - 0.0102 m U 4y - 0.0114 m SY
Ma tran chuy~n vi toim C\lC co th~ vi~t Iii.:

U1X 0
U1y 0
U 2X -0.0035
U2y -0.0102
U3X 0
{v}= = m (1.23)
U3y 0
U4X 0.00118
U4y -0.0114
U sx 0.00240
USY -0.0195
3) Giai do~n h~u xu If.

Sau khi tim duQ'c chuy~n vi cua cac nut thi co th~ ung d\lng d~ tim duQ'c cac k~t qua khac:
a) Phan b;rc.
Ph an h,rc duQ'c tinh:
{R}=[Kt {V}-{F}
R1X 4.22 0 -4.22 0 0
R1y 0 0 0 0 0
R 2X -4.22 0 7.2 0 -149
~y 0 0 0 7.2 1.49
R3X 0 0 -1.49 1.49 5.71
R3y
= 0 0 1.49 -1.49 -1.49
R4X 0 0 0 0 -4.22
R4y 0 0 0 -4.22 0
Rsx 0 0 -1.49 -1.49 0
ISy 0 0 -1.49 -1.49 0
10
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.49 0 0 -1.49 -1.49 -0.0035 0
-1.49 0 -4.22 -1.49 -1.49 -0.0102 0
-1.49 -4.22 0 0 0 0 0
(1.24)
1.49 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 8.44 0 -4.22 0 0.0011 0
0 0 4.22 0 0 -0.0114 -500
0 -4.22 0 5.71 1.49 0.0024 0
0 0 0 1.49 1.49 -0.0195 -500
Su d\lllg ca.c phep tinh rna tran cho phuong trinh tren se tim duQ'c cac phan h,rc:
R1X 1500
R1y 0
~x 0
~y 0
R"x =
-1500
N (1.25)
R3y 1000
R4X 0
R4y 0
Rsx 0
RsY 0
b) N9i b;rc va zmg sudt philp.

Cac noi h,rc ph~n tu ix va JJX la b~ng nhau va nguQ'c chi~u:
ix = k( U;x -u Jx )
(1.26)
{
i;x = k( U -u;x)
jX
Trong cong thuc (1.26), Uix va Ujx la chuy~n vi t~i hai d~u nut cua ph~n tu a M dia phuong.
M6i quan M gifra chuy~n vi dia phuong va toan C\lC:

{v} = [T]{u} (1.27)
11
uix cose sine 0 0 U iX

uiy -sine cose 0 0 U iY
= (1.28)
u jX 0 0 cose sine U jX
U jy 0 0 -sine cose U jY
Sau khi tinh duQ'c noi h,rc thi co th~ tinh duQ'c ung su~t phap cho m6i ph~n tu:
CJ=f
A
(1.29)
Vi d\l, tinh noi h,rc va ung su~t phap cho ph~n tu thu (5). Nhfrng dfr li~u da co cua ph~n tu thu
(5): e = 45, U 2X = -0.00355 m, U 2Y = -0.01026 m, U sx = 0.0024 m va U sy = -0.0195 m.
D~u tien, tinh chuy~n vi dia phuang cua nut 2 va 5:
u2x cos45 sin45 0 0 -0.00355

u2y - sin 45 cos45 0 0 -0.01026
= (1.30)
usx 0 0 cos45 sin45 0.00240
U Sy 0 0 - sin 45 cos45 -0.01950
thvc hi~n phep tinh rna tran ta tim duQ'c u2x = -0.00976 m va usx = -0.01209 m, th~ vao c6ng
thuc (1.27) va (1.28) se co duQ'c noi Ivc va ung su~t phap cho ph~n tu thu (5) l~n luQ'c la
696 N va 87 N/m 2 . Tuang W tim duQ'c noi Ivc va ung su~t phap cho cac ph~n tu con l~i.
II. ViDV 2.
Su d\lng ph~n tu tam giac tuy~n tinh va tu giac tuy~n tinh d~ xac dinh chuy~n vi cua cac nut va
ung su~t trong cac ph~n tu cua mot t~m mong duQ'c rang buoc chuy~n vi va chiu tac d\lng cua
cac Ivc b~ m~t nhu hinh 1.6. Ngoai ra t~m mong con d~t trong m6i trnang nhi~t do thay d6i
I1T = lODe. T~m mong co b~ day 0.5cm, m6dun dan h6i Young E=15x10~/cm2, M sf>
Possion v =0.25 va M sf> gian nO' nhi~t ex = 6x 10-6 .
12
2
600N/cm
a
u
M
2cm
Hinh 1.6
1. Dung ph An tIT tam gia tuy~n tinh (Linear Triangular Element).

Chia t~m mong thanh hai ph~n tu tam giac nhu bi~u di~n a hinh 1.7. Toa do toan C\lC cua cac
nut duQ'c cho trong bang 1.2.
Nut Toa do nut Chuyen vi nut

1 (0,0) U X1 ' uY1
2 (2,0) U X2 ' U Yo
3 (2,3) U X3 ' u Y3
4 (1,3) U X4 ' u Y4
Bang 1.2
y
o---D 3 0---.02
1 u-_ _ _ _v.::2'--_x_ 1u-----v 1

H~ to an C\lC H~ dia phuang
Hinh 1.7
13
Chu:cmg 1 Sa lu:r;c vJ phu:cmg philp phdn tir hi1u hqn - FEM
a. Vec ta chuyJn vi cua nut Cr h toim Cl;lC (global nodal displacement vector).
U
Yl
U
Y3
U
Y4
}T em (1.31)
b. Din tich (area).

Di~n tieh eua m6i ph~n tu:
L1(1) =3em2
(1.32)
{ L1(2) = 3/2em 2
c. Ma trq.n thu(Jc tinh vq.t liu (material property matrix).

Gia su bili toan thuoe bili toan ung su~t ph~ng (v6i E = 15 xI 0 6 N/em 2 vil v =0.25):
1 v 0
[D]=~
I-v
v 1 0 (1.33)
I-v
o 0
2
d Ma trq.n hinh dqng phdn tir (element shape matrix).

Ph~n tu thu nh~t:
X(1) = x(1) - x(1) = x - x =-1

32 3 2 4 2
X(I) = X(I) - X(I) = x - x =-1 (1.34)
I 3 I 4
!
]3
x(1) = x(1) -x(1) = x -x = 2

21 2 I 2 I
(I) (1)
0 0
]l-3 ~J
Y23 Y31 Y12 0 3 0 0
[B(I)J=~
2.L1
[ UI
0
(1)
(I)
X32
(I)
0
(I)
x]3
(I)
(I)
0
(I)
x~~)
o = 0 -1 0 -1 0
(135)
X32 x]3 X21 y(1) -1 -3 -1 3 2
Y23 Y31 12
Ph~n tu thu hai:
y(2) = y(2) _ /2) = Y _ Y = 0 X(2) = X(2) _X(2) = x -x =-1

23 2 3 3 4 32 3 2 4 3
= y(2) X(2) = X(2) - X(2) = x - x = 1
y(2)
31 3 _ /2)
I = Y4 _ Y 2 = 3 ]3 I 3 2 4 (1.36)
= y(2) X(2) = X(2) _X(2) = x -x = 0
y(2)
12 I _ /2)
2 = Y2 _ Y3 =-3 21 2 I 3 2
(2) (2)
2;}~l ~
0 0
~J
Y23 Y31 YI2 0 3 0 -3
[ 1'1
[B(2)J=~ 0 X32
(2)
0
(2)
x]3 0 -1 0 1 0 (1.37)
2.L1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) /2) -1
X32 Y23 x]3 Y31 X21 12 0 1 3 0
14
ChU01lg 1 SO' lw;rc v~ phUV11g philp phdn tir hfru hqn - FEM
Tu do:
-48 -12 -6
[BI'i JrD] ~~l ~-1

0
-1
-.)
,.,
3 0 0
0 -1 0
-1 3 2
1l16
~ 10
6
~
4
16
0
~J ~ l~O
-4 -16 -18
48 12 -6
-4 -16 18
0 0 12
(l.38)
8 32 0
0 0 -6
-4 -16 0
J ~il ~l or l16 ~J~ l~'

0 3 0 -3 4
48 12 6
[ BPI [D] -1 0 1 0 o 10 6
4 16 (l.39)
4 16 18
0 1 3 0 -3 0 0
-48 -12 0
0 0 -18
e. Ma tnj,n a9 dmg phdn tir (element stiffness matrix).
Ph~n tu thu nh~t:
Ii = 11 Ij=21 Ik = 41
75 15 -69 -3 -6 -12
15 35 3 -19 -18 -16
(1.40)
[k(l)] = tLl(I) [B(I)J [D][B(l)] = \~ -69 3 75 -15 -6 12
-3 -19 -15 35 18 -16
-6 -18 -6 18 12 0
-12 -16 12 -16 0 32
Ph~n tu thu hai:
Ii = 21 Ij=31 Ik=41
6 0 -6 -18 0 18
0 16 -12 -16 12 0
(1.41)
[k(2)] = tLl(2) [B(2) J [D][B(2)] = \~ -6 -12 150 30 -144 -18
-18 -16 30 70 -12 -54
0 12 -144 -12 144 0
18 0 -18 -54 0 54
f Vector It;rc cila m6i ph6n tir (element load vector).
15
{p~)}=tTX1~1-4{1 0 0 0 lOrN
(1.42)
{p~)} = t ~2~3-4 {o 0 0 1 0 1r N
2 2
V6'i t = 0.5cm, Txl = 1200 N/cm , Ty2 = -600 N/cm , ~-4 = .J12 +3 2cm va L 3- 4 = lcm thi
vector h,rc ph~n tu tr6' thanh:
{
{p~)} = 30000 {I 0 0 0 1 Or N
(1.43)
{p~)}=-150{1 0 0 0 lOrN
g. Vector b;rc nhit cua m6i phdn tir (thermal load vector).
Bi~n d~ng ban d~u (initial strain) do SlJ thay d6i tu nhi~t do (I1T= lODe, ex = 6x 10- ):
6
{e*}={aI1T al1T or =10-6 {60 60 or (1.44)
Vector IlJc nhi~t cua m6i ph~n tu:
{
{p~:)}=tl1(1)[B(1)J[D]{e*}={-900 -300 900 -300 0 600}N
(1.45)
{p~:)}=tl1(2)[B(2)J[D]{e*}={0 -300 900 300 -900 O}N
h. Bi~n d6i ma trq.n d(J dmg, vector b;rc va vector b;rc nhit vJ dqng toan Cl;lC.
Ph~n tu thu nh~t:

ill ~ ill [1]
75 15 -69 -3 0 0 -6 -12
15 35 3 -19 0 0 -18 -16
-69 3 75 -15 0 0 -6 12
(1.46)
[k(l)] = \~ -3
0
-19
0
-15
0
35
0
0
0
0
0
18
0
-16
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-6 -18 -6 18 0 0 12 0
-12 -16 12 -16 0 0 0 32
{p~)} = 30000 {I 0 0 0 0 0 1 OrN (1.47)
{p~:)}={-900 -300 900 -300 0 0 0 600rN (1.48)
Ph~n tu thu hai.
16
Chu:cmg 1 SCI lu:r;c vJ phu:cmg phap phdn tir hi1u hqn - FEM
ill ~ @] @]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 6 0 -6 -18 0 18
(1.49)
[k(2)] = \~ 0
0
0
0
0
-6
16
-12
-12
ISO
-16
30
12
-144 -18
0
0 0 -18 -16 30 70 -12 -S4

0 0 0 12 -144 -12 144 0
0 0 18 0 -18 -S4 0 S4
{p~)}=-IS0{1 0 0 0 0 1 0 lrN (1.S0)
{p~:)}={O 0 0 -300 900 300 -900 OrN (1.S1)
l. C(mg cac ma trqn d(J dmg, vector b;rc va vector b;rc nhit.
75 15 -69 -3 0 0 -6 -12
15 35 3 -19 0 0 -18 -16
-69 3 (75 +6) (-15+0) (0-6) (0-18) (-6+0) (12+18)
6 -3 -19 (-15+0) (35+6) (0-12) (0-16) (18+12) (-16+0) (1.S2)
K = Ik(e) = 10
e~l 12 0 0 (0-6) (0-12) (0+150) (0+30) (0-144) (0-18)
0 0 (0-18) (0-16) (0+30) (0+70) (0-12) (0-54)
-6 -18 (-6+0) (18+12) (0-144) (0-12) (12+144) (0+0)
-12 -16 (12+18) (-16+0) (0-18) (0-54) (0+0) (32+54)
300JIO -900
-300
900
2 -300-300
{p}= L({P~)}+{p~:)})= N (I.S3)
e~l 900
-IS0+300
300JIO -900
-IS0+600
Tu d6 phuang trinh M th6ng toan C\lC (global system of equation) nhu sau:
17
[K]{V} = {p}
U
75 15 -69 -3 0 0 -6 -12 Xl
30000 -900
U
15 35 3 -19 0 0 -18 -16 Yl -300
U
-69 3 81 -15 -6 -18 -6 30 X2 900
10 6 -3 -19 -15 41 -12 -16 30 -16 U
Yo -600 (1.54)
<=>- x =
12 0 0 -6 -12 150 30 -144 -18 U
X3
900
0 0 -18 -16 30 70 -12 -54 U 150
Y3
-6 -18 -6 30 -144 -12 156 0 U 30000 -900

X4
-12 -16 30 -16 -18 -54 0 86 450

u Y4
K~ ti~p, khfr cac di~u kien

.
bien (u h = 0, u = 0, uYo = 0, u = 0) thi:
~ ~
75 0 -6 -12 u Xl 30000 -900

10 6
0 70 -12 -54 u Y3
150
<=>- x = (1.55)
12 -6 -12 156 0 u X4 30000 -900
-12 -54 0 86 u 450
Y4
Giai phuang trinh (1-55):

u Xl 0.0000357839
u Y3
0.000157003
= cm (1.56)
u X4
0.0000171983
u 0.000166367
Y4
2. Dung ph An tIT tIT giac tuy~n tinh (Linear Quadrilateral Element).

Chia t~m mong thanh mot ph~n tu tu giac nhu bi~u di~n a hinh 1.8.a. Toa do toan C\lC cua cac
nut duQ'c cho trong bang 1.3.
Nut Toa do nut Chuy~n vi nut

1 (0,0) U XI ' uYI
2 (2,0) U X2 ' U Yo
3 (2,3) U X3 ' u Y3
4 (1,3) U X4 ' u Y4
Bang 1.3
18
Chu:cmg 1 Sa lu:r;c vJ phu:cmg philp phdn tir hi1u hqn - FEM
0---03
(e)
2
Io-______~~--~x~ ___- r . '1 = - 1
~=I
a) b)
Hinh 1.8
Ham d~ng cua ph~n tu tu giac (nhu hinh I.8.b) duQ'c dinh nghla b~ng cac sf> h~ng cua toa do
trong Him:
v6'i p = 1, 2, 3, 4 (1.57)
trong d6: I;p va '1p bi~u di~n toa do cua cac dinh nut trong toa do W nhien. V6'i:
~] = - 1, rh = -1
~2 = 1, rh =-1
(1.58)
~3 = 1, 1"h = 1
~3 = -1, 1"h = 1
Yay:
8N] = _ ~ (1-1] ) 8N] = -~(I-~)

8~ 4 81] 4
8N2 = ~ (1-1] ) 8N3 = -~(I +~)
8~ 4 81] 4
& (1.59)
8N3-_-
- 1 (1 +1] ) 8N 4
=~(1+~)
8~ 4 81] 4
8N4 = _ ~ (1 + 1] ) 8Ns =~(1-~)
8~ 4 81] 4
a. Vec ta chuyJn vi cua nut Cr h toan Cl:lC (global nodal displacement vector).
(1.60)
19
Ma tran Jacobian:
ax ay
~ [t(3-~)
~l
-
a~ a~
[J] = ay
(1.65)
ax
-(1-~)
a17 a17 4
Dinh thuc rna tran Jacobian:

axay axay 3
~ II
J = a~ a17 - a17 a~ =8(3- 17 ) (1.66)
Ma tran Jacobian nghich dao (inverse of the Jacobian matrix):

ay ay 4 0
(3-17)
[Jr =~ a17 a~
= (1.67)
IJI _ax ax 2(1-~) 2
a17 a~ 3(3-17) 3
(1.68)
vai p = 1, 2, 3, 4 (1.69)
20
d. Ma trqn hinh dqng phdn tir (element shape matrix).

Tu cong thuc (1.59) thi:
aNI = _ (1 -lJ ) aNI 1 (l-~n
=
ax (3-lJ) ay 3 (3-lJ)
aN2 _ (l-lJ) aN3 ( 2 + ~ -lJ )
=
ax - (3 -lJ) ay 3(3-lJ)
& (1.70)
aN3 _ (1 +lJ) aN4 _ (1 + 2~ -lJ)
ax - (3 -lJ) By - 3(3-lJ)
aN4 = (l+lJ) aNs _ 2 (1-~)
ax (3-lJ) ay -3(3-lJ)
Ma tran hinh d~ng ph~n tu:

aN] aN2 aN4
o o o o
ax ax ax
o o o (1.71)
aN] aN] aN2 aN2 aN3 aN3 aN4 aN4

By ax ay ax ay ax ay ax
(l-lJ) (l-lJ)
o o
(3-lJ) (3-lJ)
_!(1-~) (2+~-lJ)
o o
3(3-lJ) 3(3-lJ)
(l-lJ) (2+~-lJ) (l-lJ)
(3-lJ) 3(3-lJ) (3-lJ)
(l+lJ) (l+lJ)
o o
(3-lJ) (3-lJ)
(1+2~ -lJ) 2 (1-~)
o o (1.72)
3(3-lJ) 3 (3-lJ)
(1 + 2~ -lJ) (l+lJ) (l+lJ)
3(3-lJ) (3-lJ) (3-lJ)
21
e. Ma trqn thu(Jc tinh vqt liu (material property matrix).

Nhu cong thuc (1.33) thi ta co:
1 v 0
[D]=~
I-v
v 1 0 (1.73)
I-v
o 0
2
f Ma trqn d(J dmg phdn tir (element stiffness matrix)

T I l T
[k(e)]= f [B(e)] [D][B(e)]dV=tf f[B(e)] [D][B(e)]IJld~d17
V(e) -1-1
(1.74)
2 2 T
~ tL: L: WiW j [B(e) (~i,17;)] [D][ B(e) (~i' 17;) ]IJ( ~i'17;)1
i=1 j=1
trong do:
Wi vii. Wj Iii. trong sf>
~i vii. 17j Iii. cac di~m tich phan cua cong thuc tich phan Gaussian.
V6'i ph~n tu tu giac tuy~n tinh thi chi dn l~y tich phan hai di~m, nen:
WI = w2 = 1 (1.75)

{, ~Jl; ~-1IJ3 (1.76)
~2 = 172 = 11 -Ii
Ma tran do cung:
4.8666 0.76713 -4.3666 0.23287

0.76713 2.3545 0.73287 -1.0211
-4.3666 0.73287 5.3666 -1.7329
0.23287 -1.0211 -1.7329 3.6878
G [k(e)] =10 6
=
-2.7668 -0.96574 2.2668 -0.034264
-0.96574 -1.1244 -0.53426 -0.20891
2.2668 -0.53426 -3.2668 1.5343
-0.034264 -0.20891 1.5343 -2.4578
22
-2.7668 -0.96574 2.2668 -0.034264

-0.96574 -1.1244 -0.53426 -0.20891
2.2668 -0.53426 -3.2668 1.5343
-0.034264 -0.20891 1.5343 -2.4578
(1. 77)
6.9663 0.56853 -6.4663 0.43147
0.56853 3.5845 0.93147 -2.2512
-6.4663 0.93147 7.4663 -1.9315
0.43147 -2.2512 -1.9315 4.9178
g. Vector b;rc cila phdn tir (element load vector).
{p~)J = t 1.::1~1-4 {I 0 0 0 0 0 1 Or N
(1.78)
TL
(e) }
{ PT2 _3
=t y2
2
3-4 {O 0 0 0 0 1 0 I}T N
vai t = 0.5cm, Txl = 1200 N/cm , Ty2 = -600 N/cm , ~-4 = .J12 +3 2 cm va L 3- 4 = lcm thi
2 2
vector h,rc ph~n tu tr6' thanh:
f{P~)J = 300v1O {I 0 0 0 0 0 1 Or N
Hp~;,} = -150 {o 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 N r
(1.79)
Vi vay h,rc t6ng cong:
{p~)}={p~)J+{p~;,}={300v1O 0 0 0 0 -150 300v1O -150r N (1.80)
h. Vector b;rc nhit cila phdn tir (thermal load vector).

lIT
{p~~)}=tf f[B(e)] [D]{8*}IJld~d17
-1-1
2 2 T
~ tLLwiW j [B(e) (~i,17;)] [D]{8*}IJ(~i,17;)1

i=1 j=1
= {-900 - 300 900 -600 900 300 -900 600} N (1.81)
l. T6ng hr;p vector b;rc.
23
3 ooJIO - 900
-300
900
-300-300
N (1.82)
900
-150+300
3 ooJIO - 900
-150+600
n) L&p ghep va giiti phu:cmg trinh phdn tiro

Saukhil~pghepvakhfreaedi~uki~nbien(uYl =0, U
X2
=0, U
Y2
=0, U
X3
=O)thi:
4.8666 -0.96574 2.2668 -0.034264 U

Xl 3 ooJIO - 900
-0.96574 3.5845 0.93147 -2.2512 uY3 150
106 x = (1.83)
2.2668 0.93147 7.4663 -1.9315 U
X4 3 ooJIO - 900
-0.034264 -2.2512 -1.9315 4.9178 U 450
Y4
Giai phuang trinh (1.83)

U XI 0.0000307806
uY3 0.000150801
= em (1.84)
U
X4
0.0000222016
U 0.000169468
Y4
24
Chu:cmg 2 T6ng quan vJ phdn mJm ANSYS
Chu'dng 2 ,.""., '.I\. '.I\. '.I\.
TONG QUAN VE PHAN MEM
ANSYS
Hi~n nay, vi~c giai cac bai toan ca hoc la mot vi~c vo cung dn thi~t nhung vi~c giai chung
thi r~t la kh6 khan, nh~t la vai nhung bai toan c6 mo hinh Ian va phuc t~p dn su d\lllg r~t
nhi~u bi~n va cac di~u ki~n bien phuc t~p vai khong gian nhi~u chi~u thi vi~c giai b~ng tay la
mot vi~c r~t kh6 khan c6 khi khong th~ th\Ic hi~n duQ'c. ANSYS la mot ph~n m~m m~nh duQ'c
phM tri~n va ap d\lllg rong rai tren toan th~ giai, b~ng cach su d\lllg phuang phap ph~n tu huu
h~n (FEM - finite element method) trong tinh toan, da dap ung duQ'c nhung yeu du n6i tren
cua cac bai toan ca hoc.
Nhung uu di~m n6i bac cua ANSYS nhu sau:
Giai duQ'c nhi~u bai toan nhu: phan tich k~t du (tuy~n tinh va phi tuy~n), truy~n nhi~t,
ca hoc ch~t long, cac bai toan am hoc va tu truang ...
Thu vi~n ph~n tu Ian.
Xu ly k~t qua cao dp, cho phep ve dE> thi, tinh toan t6i uu ...
C6 th~ su d\lllg nhu mot ngon ngu lap trinh.
Kha nang dE> ho~ m~nh va c6 th~ lien k~t vai cac ph~n m~m CAD/CAM khac.
Giam chi phi san xu~t vi c6 th~ tinh toan thu nghi~m, ...
I. KHm DQNG ANSYS.

Nhu cac ph~n m~m khac thi khai dong ANSYS b~ng cac cach sau:
.:. Tren thanh Taskbar chon: Start / Programs / ANSYS 9. 0 / ANSYS Product Launcher .
:. Click dup chuot vao bi~u tUQ'ng "ANSYS Product Launcher" tren desktop (n~u c6)
25
Sau d6 mim hinh se xu~t hi~n cua sf> "9.0 Launcher", k~ ti~p chon m\lC "File manegement".
Trong cua sf> mai chon duang d~n cho file dn luu gifr (working directory) va d~t ten cho bai
toan (job name). Sau khi chon xong chon "Run" thi chuang trinh ANSYS se duO'c khai dong.
II. GIAO DlN ANSYS.

Sau khi khai dong chuang trinh ANSYS thi man hinh se hi~n:
~ Preferences
NODE S J\N
() Preprocessor f-l AR .17 2:00 8
II Solution
II Run-T ime Stat.

~ Session Editor x
~ Finish
I Pick a menu item or enter an ANSVS Command (BEGIN) I mat~l I type~l Icsys~O Isecn~l
Hinh 2.1 Giao di~n ANSYS.
[A]: MENU TlN leH (Utility Menu).

a. File (quan ly dfr li~u).
b. Select (chon Iva).
c. List (Ii~t ke).
d. Plot (hi~n thi d~ng dE> ho~).
e. PlotCtrls (Iva chon trnac khi Iva chon d~ng dE> ho~).
f. WorkPlane (m~t ph~ng lam vi~c).
g. Parameters (quan ly cac thong s6).
h. Macro (t~o cac d~ng chu~n).
1. MenuCtrls (chon Iva cach hi~n thi cac Menu).
J. Help (trO' giup).
[B]: NH~P DU LlU BANG LNH (Input).
26
Su d\lllg cho huang giao ti~p b~ng l~nh.
[C]: THANH CONG CV (Toolbar).

Thucmg xuyen su d\lllg cho huang giao ti~p b~ng chuot.
[D]: MENU CHINH (Main menu).

Thucmg xuyen su d\lllg trong ANSYS cho huang giao ti~p b~ng chuot.
[E]: VUNG HIEN THJ (Graphics).

Hi~n thi cac k~t qua b~ng dE> ho~.
Phong to thu nho d6i tUQ'ng tren Graphics: cling nhu cac ph~n m~m khac thi ANSYS
cling cung dp cac cang C\l d~ co th~ di chuy~n khung nhin thea y mu6n. Co th~ phong to thu
nho ho~c xoay khung nhin b~ng thanh cang C\l ben tay phai milll hinh ho~c co th~ th\Ic hi~n
thea hop tho~i b~ng cach th\Ic hi~n thea duang d~n:
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ PlotCtrls ~ Pan ZoomRotate . Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i Pan-Zoom-
Rotate nhu bi~u di~n a hinh 2.2.
----
Pan -Zoom -Rotate
[A]: Cac huang nhin.
W indow I' ~
[B]: Cac ch~ do phong
to thu nho.
[C]: Di chuy~n thea

b6n phuong.
[D]: Xoay quanh cac

tf\lC toa do.
[E]: Do Ian di chuy~n,

xoay, phong to ho~c
thu nho. DuQ'c tinh
thea gia tri "%".
[F]: Hi~n thi rna hinh

vua du vai man hinh.
Rate
r Dynamic Mode
r. Model r Lights
Reset
Close Help
Hinh 2.2
27
III. LUU TRU vA HOI PHVC.

COMMAND: Utility Menu~File~Save as~d~t tenfile, chon thu m\!c~OK (du li~u luu
vai ph~n rna rong la *0 db )
ANSYS Multiphysics U Save DataBase
Eile ~elect ~ist ~Iot Plo Save Database to Directories: OK

Clear & Start New 0" I_ c:\doeuments and settings\t
Change Jobname 0" r--------: Cancel
Change Directory '" DC:\ "' I
Change Title '" D Documents and SE - I
Help
f5t -
Resume Jobname, db '" LJ Cookies
Resume from, " LJ Desktop ~
Save as Jobname, db
LJ Favorites ~J
Save as , .
List Files of Type: Drives:
IDatabase Files (". db") :::oJ r-11EI
- c-: -----3""" Network...
Hinh 2.3
Mu6n rna l~i bai tmln da tinh:

COMMAND: UtilityMenu~File~Resumefrom. Sau d6 chon file dn rna, sau d6 b~m OK.
- ------------
Resume Database
Resume Database From Directories: OK ]

1- c: \documents and settings\t
Cancel I
file.db I27c\ "' I
file.dbb
127 DOCUMENTS ANI.~ Help
f5T
LJ Cookies
LJ Desktop
LJ Favorites vi
IDatabase Files (". db") ..::I l rae: 3 Network ...
r Ignore parameters on .db file r Suppress auto plotting
Hinh 2.4
IV. eAu TRUe BAI ToAN TRONG ANSYS.

Khi tinh tmln b~t ky mot bai tmln ANSYS nao thi cling qua cac cong do~n sau:
1. Tqo ma hinh tinh - Preprocessing: g6m cac buac:
(i) Dinh nghla di~m chinh/du(mg/di~n tich/th~ tich (keypoints/lines/areas/volumes),
(ii) Dinh nghla ki~u ph~n tu (element type) va tinh ch~t vat li~u/hinh hoc
(material/geometric).
(iii) T~o luai du(yng/di~n tich/th~ tich (lines/areas/volumes). Muc do chi ti~t ph\! thuoc
s6luQ'ng chi~u cua bai toan, vi d\! 1D, 2D, b~t d6i xung, 3D.
2. Tinh toan - Solution: d~t tai trong (h,rc di~m ho~c ap suk .. ), cac rang buoc (do dich
chuy~n, g6c xoay) va tinh toano
28
3. Xir If; Mt qua - Postprocessing: cac buac bE> sung va xem k~t qua. Trong ph~n nay co th~
bao g6m:
(i) Danh sach chuy~n vi nut.
(ii) Lvc va mamen cua cac ph~n tU.
(iii) D6 thi chuy~n vi.
(iv) Bi~u d6 duang muc ung su~t ho~c nhi~t do ...
v. ViDV 1.
Giai bai toan cho a vi d\l v~ giim da duQ'c cho a chuang 1 b~ng ANSYS.
Xet mot M gian nhu hinh 2.5. T~t ca cac thanh d~u lam b~ng g6 vai madun dan h6i
E = 1.9 X 10 6 (N/m2) va di~n tich m~t c~t ngang la 8 m2 . Tinh ung su~t, chuy~n vi trong m6i
ph~n tu thanh gian va phan Ivc t~i hai g6i.
SOON SOON
36m 36m
Hinh 2.5
ANSYS dua ra hai ki~u ph~n tu d~ phan tich bai toan v~ gian la: LINK1 va LINK8. d day d~
giai bai toan tren dung ph~n tu LINK1
Ph~n tu LINK1la ph~n tlr d6i xung tfl)C, co hai nut (i va}), co hai bac wdo (Ux va U y ). Nhu
bi~u hi~n hinh 2.6. Mu6n tim hi~u them co th~ vao "Help" cua ANSYS r6i nhap LINK1.
I
X
Hinh 2.6 Hinh d~ng ph~n tu LINK1.
29
1. ChQn ki~u ph An tir.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Element Type ~ Add/ Edit/Delete.
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n
Nh~p vao Add lam xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Library of Element Types" d~ chon cac ph~n tu
dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon Link r6i chon 2D spar 1, sau d6 chon Apply.
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu nh~t la LINKl.
B~m Close.
2. Nh~p di~n tich rn~t dt ngang cho tung phAn tir giim.
COMMAND: MainMenu~Preprocessor~Real Constans~Add/ Edit/Delete.
Cua sf> "Real Cons tans" xu~t hi~n
Nh~p vao Add lam xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Element Type for Real Constans", nh~p chon
ph~n tu LINK1 r6i b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Real Constansfor LINK1" xu~t hi~n, nhap thong sf>:
./ AREA = 8
B~m OK, thi cua sf> "Element Type for Real Cons tans" xu~t hi~n Set l.
B~m Close.
3. Nh~p tinh ch~t v~t li~u.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Material Props ~ Material Models.
Cua sf> "Define Material Model Behavior" se xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p doi vao Structural, Linear, Elastic, va Isotropic lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Linear
Isotropic Properties forMate rials Number 1".
Nhap vao cac gia tri EX = 1.ge6 va PRXY = O.
T~t cac cua sf>
4. T~o rno hinh tinh toano

a) Tq.o node.
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Nodes ~ In Active Cs.
Cua sf> "Create Nodes in Active Coordinate System" xu~t hi~n.
T~o cac node:
Node No. X Y
1 0 0
2 36 0
3 0 36
4 36 36
5 72 36
Bang 2.1
B~m OK.
30
b) Tqo element
COMMAND: MainMenu~Preprocessor~Modeling~Create ~ Elements~ Auto
Numbered ~ Thru Nodes.
Cua sf> "Element from Nodes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
T~o cac ph~n tu theo cac nut:
.,/ Element (1): nh~p node 1 J\N
E-N
va node 2 ~ Apply. AUG 28 2008
.,/ Element (2): nh~p node 2

3 6
va node 3 ~ Apply.
va node 4 ~ Apply.
va node 4 ~ Apply.
va node 5 ~ Apply.
va node 5 ~OK.
Hinh 2.7
5. Ap d~t di~u ki~n bien va tai tn.mg.

a) fJiJu kin bien vJ chuyJn vi.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Structural ~ Displacement
~OnNodes.
Cua sf> "Apply U ROT on

E-N
Nodes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man u
AUG 28 2008
22 : 10 : 20
hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
3 6
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon node 1 va 3, r6i b~m
OK, cua sf> "Apply U ROT on
Nodes" khac xu~t hi~n. 2
Chon ALL DOF trong 6 Lab2 va
nhap gia tri 0 vao 6 Displacement
value
' ::.i!.x;.:....-_ _ _l _ _ _---.:>V
Nh~p OK. .....~~...:
:
Hinh 2.8
31
b) Ll;fC tqp trung.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Structural ~ ForcelMoment
~OnNodes.
Cua sf> "Apply FIM on Nodes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon node 4 va 5 r6i b~m OK, thi cua sf> "Apply FIM on Nodes" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon FY trong 6 Lab va nhap gia tri -500 vao 6 VALUE, r6i nh~p OK.
E -N
AUG 28 2008
U 22 : 11: 11
.-
3
~---------------
3
.4-----------------.
6 5
2 4
a. x 1
Hinh 2.9
6. Giai bili to an.

COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Solution ~ Solve ~ Current LS.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Solve Current Load Step" va "/STATUS Commands".
Nh~p OK tren cua sf> "Solve Current Load Step"
D~n khi nao hi~n len cua sf> "Note" la da k~t thuc qua trinh tinh toan
Nh~p Close.
7. XU- If k~t qua.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ General Postproc ~ Plot Results ~ Deformed shape ~ chon m\lC
Def + undeformed
~ Plot Deformed Shape I X1
[PLDISPj Plot Deformed Shape
KUND Items to be plotted
r Def shape only
~r. peE+:~ndei~r0edJ
r Def + undef edge
OK Apply I Cancel Help
Hinh 2.10
32
a) ChuyJn vi thiing dzmg:

COMMAND: Main Menu~General I\N
NODAL SOLUTION
AUG 2B 2008
Postproc ~ Plot Results ~ Contour STEI'-l 22:28 : 58
SUB -1
Plot~Nodal Solution. TIME-1
UY ( AVG)
Cua so "Contour Nodal RSYS-O
DMX - . 019665
Solution Data" xu~t hi~n. SMN --.01952 2
"MN
Chon DOF Solution
Component of displacement.
va Y-
- /~
, ......
..........
D6ng thai chon Deformed ./
".,
...,
,~r
shape with undeformed edge . .. / "

"'"
trong 0 Undisplaced shape key.
>- .......
R6i b~m OK, thi trnang chuy~n
vi duqc cho a hinh 2.11 ben - . 019522 - . 015184
- . 017353
- . 010846
- . 013015
-.006507
-.008676
-.002169
-.004338 0
du6i
Hinh 2.11
COMMAND: Utility Menu List~Results~Nodal Solution. Sau d6 chon tuang W nhu

tren thi se c6 bang sf> li~u chuy~n vi cua tung nut.
~ PRNSOL Command ~
File
PRINT U NODAL SOLUTION PER NODE

***** POST1 NODAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM LISTING *****
LOAD STEP- 1 SUBSTEP- 1
TIME- 1.0000 LOAD CASE- 0
THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN GLOBAL
COORDINATES
NODE UX UY UZ USUM
1 0.0000 0 . 0000 0 . 0000 0 . 0000
2 -0.35526E-02-0.10252E-01 0.0000 0.10850E-01
3 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.11842E-02-0.11436E-01 0.0000 0. 1149?E-01
5 0.23684E-02-0.19522E-01 0.0000 0.19665E-01
MAXIMUM ABSOLUTE UALUES
NODE 2 5 0 5
UALUE -0.35526E-02-0.19522E-01 0.0000 0.19665E-01
Hinh 2.12
So sanh vai k~t qua tinh a chuang 1

U 2X : ~0.0035 m U 4X : ~.001l8 m U SX : ~.00240 m
{ U - 0.0102 m { U - 0.0114 m { U - 0.0195 m
2Y 4Y SY
Ta th~y r~ng k~t qua giai b~ng ANSYS phil hqp vai k~t qua tinh b~ng phuang phap ph~n tu
huu h~n.
33
Chucmg 2 T6ng quan vJ phdn mJm ANSYS
b)Phan b;rc ~ .
COMMAND: Utility Menu List ~ Results r!1 PRRSOL Commdnd ~
File
~ Reaction solution
K~t qua phan h,rc giai b~ng ANSYS cling PRINT REACTION SOLUTIONS PER NODE
***** POST1 TOTAL REACTION SOLUTION LISTING
phil hqp vai k~t qua tinh b~ng phuang *****
phap ph~n tu huu h~n. LOAD STEP=
TIME=
1
1.0000
SUBSTEP= 1
LOAD CASE= 0
THE FOLLOWING X,Y,Z SOLUTIONS ARE IN GLOBAL
COORDINATES
NODE FX FY
1 1500.0 0.0000
3 -1500.0 1000.0
TOTAL UALUES
UALUE 0.0000 1000.0
Hinh 2.13
c) Truemg zmg sudt va n(Ji b;rc

Vilo "Help" d~ xem d~u fa cua ph~n tu LINKI
I Name I Definition 0 R
III IElement Nwnber Y Y
INODES IElement node nwnbers (I and J) Y Y
IMAT IMaterial nwnber for the element Y Y
IVOW IElement volume . Y
Ixc, YC ILocation where results are reported Y f
ITEMP ITemperature at nodes I and J Y Y
IFWEN IFluence at nodes I and J Y Y
I MFORX~ IMember force in the element coordinate system X direction Y Y
ISAXL~ IAxial stress in the element Y Y
IEPELAXL - IAxial elastic strain in the element Y Y
IEPTHAXL IAxial thermal strain in the element Y I Y
IEPINAXL IAxial initial strain in the element Y Y
ISEPL IEquivalent stress from the stress strain cwve 1 1
ISRAT IRatio of trial stress to the stress on yield swface 1 1
IEPEQ IEquivalent plastic strain 1 1
IHPRES IHydrostatic pressure 1 1
IEPPLAXL IAxial plastic strain 1 1
IEPCRAXL IAxial creep strain 1 1
IEPSWAXL IAxial swelling strain 1 1
34
Ou"iput Quantity Name I fABLE and ESOL Command Input
SA XL
I
I~LS
Item I
I -E
(.1)
I
I
I
-
I
I
J
-
EPELAXL I LEPEL I 1 I - I -
EPTHAXL LEPTH I 1 I I -
EPSWAXL LEPTH I 2 I - I -
EPINAXL LEPTH I 3 I -
I -
EPPLAXL LEPPL I 1 I - I -
EPCRAXL LEPCR I 1 I - I -
SEPL NUN I 1 I - I -
SRAT NUN I 2 I - I -
HPRES NUN I 3 I I -
EPEQ NUN I 4 I - I -
MFORX I~SMISC I (. 1) I -
I -
FLUEN I NMISC I -
I 1 I 2
TEMP I LBFE I - I 1 I 2
Hinh 2.14
L~y noi h,1c:

COMMAND: MainMenu~ General Postproc~Element Table~Define Table.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Element Table Data".
Nh~p vao Add lam xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Define Additional Element Table Items"
Nhap "AXFORCE' vao 6 Lab.
Trong ph~n Item,Comp keo thanh cuon xu6ng d~ chon m\lC By sequence num.
Trong 6 k~ ben chon SMISC.
Trong 6 a du6i them s6 1 vao nhu sau: "SMISC, 1", r6i b~m OK.
L~y ung su~t:

COMMAND: MainMenu ~ General
Postproc ~ Element Table ~ Define ~ PRETAB Command ~
File
Table.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Element Table PRINT ELEMENT TABLE ITEMS PER ELEMENT
Data". ***** POST1 ELEMENT TABLE LISTING *****

SIAT CURRENT CURRENT
Nh~p vao Add lam xu~t hi~n cua ELEM AXFORCE AXSIRESS
1 -1500.0 -187.50
sf> "Define Additional Element 2 1414.2 176.78
3 500.00 62.500
Table Items".
Nhap "AXSTRESS" vao 6 Lab. Ii =~I!:~~ =UJII I
Trong ph~n Item,Comp keo thanh MINIMUM UALUES
ELEM 1 1
UALUE -1500.0 -187.50
cuon xu6ng d~ chon m\lC By
MAXIMUM UALUES
sequence num. ELEM 2 2
UALUE 1414.2 176.78
Trong 6 k~ ben chon LS.
R6i trong 6 a du6i ta them s6 1
vao nhu sau: "LS, 1", r6i b~m OK. Hinh 2.15
35
Xem k~t qua:

COMMAND: MainMenu~ General Postproc~List Results~Elem Table Data.
Cua s6 "List Element Table Data" xu~t hi~n.
Chon AXFORCE va AXSTRESS trong 6 Lab 1-9
R6i b~m OK. Thi xu~t hi~n bang PRETAB nhu hinh 2.15.
So sanh vai k~t qua noi h,rc va ung su~t tren ph~n tu thu (5) 0 chuang 1 l~n luQ'c la 696 N va
87 N/m 2 . K~t qua kha phil hQ'p.
VI. viDV2
Giai bai toan ung su~t ph~ng duQ'c cho 0 vi d\l 2 cua chuang 1.
Su d\lng ph~n tu tam giac tuy~n tinh va tu giac tuy~n tinh d~ xac dinh chuy~n vi cua cac nut va
ung su~t trong cac ph~n tu cua mot t~m mong duQ'c rang buoc chuy~n vi va chiu tac d\lng cua
cac h,rc b~ m~t nhu hinh 2.16. Ngoai ra t~m mong con d~t trong m6i trnang nhi~t do thay d6i
tu I1T = IODC d~n nhi~t do chu~n. T~m mong co b~ day 0.5cm, m6dun dan h6i Young E =
15x 106 N/cm 2 , M sf> Possion v = 0.25, M sf> gian no nhi~t ex = 6x 10-6 .
600N/cm 2
Hinh 2.16
A. nUNGPHANTUTAMGIAC
1. Nh~p tiuh ch~t v~t li~u:
Cua s6 "Define Material Model Behavior" se xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p d6i vao Structural, Linear, Elastic va Isotropic lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Linear
36
Nhap vito cac gia tri EX= lSe6 vaPRXY= O.2S.

Tren cua s6 "Define Material Model Behavior".
Nh~p d6i vao Structural, Thermal Expansion, Secant Coefficient va Isotropic lam xu~t
hi~n hop tho~i "Linear Isotropic PropertiesforMaterials Number 1".
Nhap vao cac gia tri APLX = 6e-6, r6i b~m OK.
T~t cac cua s6.
2. ChQn ki~u ph An tir

Cua s6 "Element Types" xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p vao Add lam xu~t hi~n cua s6 "Library of Element Types" d~ chon cac ph~n tu
dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon ph~n tu Structural Mass - Solid
Chon ki~u ph~n tu Quad 4node 42 r6i b~m OK
Cua s6 "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu PLANE42.
Nh~p chon m\lC Option d~ lam xu~t hi~n cua s6 "PLANE42 element type options".
Chon di~u ki~n Plane strs w/thk trong hOp thoai "Element behavior" d~ dinh tr~ng thai
cho ph~n tu.
B~m OK r6i b~m Close.
3. ChQn chi~u day phAn tir.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Real Constants ~ Add/Edit/Delete.
Cua s6 "Real Constants" xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p vap Add lam xu~t hi~n cua s6 "Element Type for ReaIConstants".
Nh~p chon OK d~ lam xu~t hi~n cua s6 "Real Constants Set Number 1 for PLANE42".
Nhap gia tri O.S vao 6 Thickness r6i nh~p OK.
Cua s6 "Real Constants" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i va xu~t hi~n Set l.
Nh~p Close.
4. T~o rno hinh tinh toan:

a) T~o node.
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Nodes ~ In Active Cs.
Cua s6 "Create Nodes in Active Coordinate System" xu~t hi~n.
T~o cac Node co toa do nhu sau:
NodeN(J X Y
1 0 0
2 2 0
3 2 3
4 1 3
Bang 2.2
37
R6i b~m OK
b) T~o ph~n tu
huang len (t ).
Ta nh~p l~n luot cac Node 1, 2 va 4 r6i b~m Apliy, thi duQ'c ph~n tu (1).
Cua sf> "Element from Nodes" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Ta nh~p l~n IUQ't cac nut 2, 3 va 4 r6i b~m OK, thi duQ'c ph~n tu (2).
c) Xem rna hinh ph~n tU.

COMMAND: UtilityMenu~Plot Ctrls~ Numbering.
,.-------------------------------YU-,
Cua sf> "Plot Numbering E-N
4 3 AUG 28 2008
Controls" se xu~t hi~n. 22 : 48 : 22
Nh~p chon aNode numbers

(NODE) tu offsang on
Chon m\lc Element
numbers trong a
ElemlAttrib numbering r6i
b~m OK.
COMMAND: Utility Menu~Plot~

Multi-Plot. Sau d6 rna hinh ph~n tu
duQ'c t~o nhu hinh 2.17.
Hinh 2.17
5. Nh~p di~u ki~n bien.

a) Nhap di~u ki~n rang buoc 6' d~u ben trai:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Structural ~ Displacement
~OnNodes.
Cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Nodes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
mlii ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chuot chon Node 1 va 2 r6i b~m OK thi cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Nodes" khac
xu~t hi~n.
Chon UY trong aLab2 va nhap gia tri 0 vao a VALUE nh~p Apply.
Cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Nodes" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n
hinh mlii ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chuot chon Node 2 va 3 r6i b~m OK thi cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Nodes" khac
xu~t hi~n.
38
Chon UX trong 0 Lab2 va nhap gia tri 0 vao 0 VALUE, r6i nh~p OK.
b) Nhap h,rc tac d\lllg

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~Structural ~ ForcelMoment
~OnNodes.
Cua sf> "Apply FIM on Nodes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chuot chon Node 1 va 4 r6i b~m OK thi cua sf> "Apply FIM on Nodes" khac xu~t
hi~n.
Chon UX trong 0 Lab va nhap gia tri 300* sqrt(1 0) vao 0 VALUE, r6i nh~p Apply.
Cua sf> "Apply FIM on Nodes" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n
Nh~p chuot chon Node 3 va 4 r6i b~m OK thi cua sf> "Apply FIM on Nodes" khac xu~t
hi~n .
Chon UY trong 0 Lab va nhap gia tri -150 vao 0 VALUE, r6i nh~p OK.
c) Nhap di~u ki~n nhi~t do

COMMAND: Main Menu ~Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Structural ~ Temperature
~ Uniform Temp
Cua sf> "Uniform Temperature" xu~t hi~n.

Nhap gia tri 10 vao 0 Uniform Temperature, r6i b~m OK.
6. Giai bili toaD (solution)

Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Solve Current Load Step" va "/STATUS Commands", nh~p OK.
Nh~p Close. AN
DI SPLAC EM ENT
4 3 AUG 28 2008
ST EP=l 23 : 0B : 07
SUB ~1
7. XU- If k~t qua TIM E ~l
a) Xem hinh bi~n d~ng cua t~m mong

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ General
Postproc ~ Plot Results ~ Deformed
Shape
Cua so "Plot Deformed
Shape" xu~t hi~n.
Chon m\lC Def + undef edged,
r6i b~m OK. Thi t~m bi~n
d~ng nhu hinh 2.18
Hinh 2.18
39
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ List ~ Results ~ Nodal Solution

Cua sf> "List Nodal Solution" xu~t hi~n.
Chon Nodal Solution ~ DOF Solution ~ Displacement vector sum.
R6i b~m OK. Thi bang PRNSOL xu~t hi~n nhu hinh 2.19.
- - - - - - -
~ PRNSOL Command ~
File
PRINT U NODAL SOLUTION PER NODE ~I

LOAD STEP = 1 SUBSTEP= 1
TIME= 1.0000 LOAD CASE= 0
THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN GLOBAL COORDINATES
NODE UX UY UZ USUM
1 0.35784E-04 0.0000 0.0000 0.35784E-04
2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0000 0. 15700E-03 0.0000 0 . 15700E-03
4 0.17198E-04 0.16637E-03 0.0000 0 . 16725E-03
~I
Hinh 2.19
Ta co k~t qua tinh b~ng FEM trong chuang 1 Iii.:

u Xl 0.0000357839 0.357839x10-4
uY3 0.000157003 0.157003 x 10-3
= cm
ux4 0.0000171983 0.171983 x 10-4
uY4 0.000166367 0.166367 x 10-3
So sanh hai k~t qua thi ta th~y Iii. hai k~t qua Iii. trimg hqp nhau.
B. nUNGPHANTUTUGIAC
1. Nh~p tinh ch~t v~t li~u: (tuang W ph~n A)
2. ChQn ki~u ph An tir: (tuang W ph~n A)
3. ChQn chi~u day phAn tir: (tuang W ph~n A)

a) T~o node.
T~o cac keypoint co toa do nhu sau:
NodeN(J X Y
1 0 0
2 2 0
3 2 3
4 1 3
Bang 2.3
40
R6i b~m OK
b) T~o ph~n tu
huang len (t ).
Ta nh~p l~n luot cac Node 1,2, 3 vii. 4 r6i b~m OK.
5. Nh~p di~u ki~n bien: (tuang W ph~n A)
6. Giai bili to an (solution) (tuang W ph~n A)
7. XU- If k~t qua: (tuang W ph~n A)

Ta co k~t qua sau:
~ PRNSOL Command ~
File
~I
PRINT U NODAL SOLUTION PER NODE
LOAD STEP= 1 SUBSTEP= 1
TIME= 1.0000 LOAD CASE= 0
THE FOLLOWING DEGREE OF FREEDOM RESULTS ARE IN GLOBAL
COORDINATES
NODE UX UY UZ USUM
1 0.29595E-04 0.0000 0.0000 0.29595E-04
2 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0 . 0000 0. 14441E-03 0 . 0000 0. 14441E-03
4 0.2338?E-04 0.1?266E-03 0.0000 0.1?424E-03
vi
Hinh 2.20
Ta co k~t qua tinh b~ng FEM trong chuang 1 Iii.:
u Xl 0.0000307806 0.307806x10-4
uY3 0.000150801 0.150801x10-3
= cm
u X4 0.0000222016 0.222016x10-4
uY4 0.000169468 0.169468 x10- 3
So sanh hai k~t qua thi th~y Iii. hai k~t qua Iii. kha trung hqp nhau.
41
Chu:cmg 3 Tqo ma hinh tinh toan trong ANSYS
Chu'dng 3
A' , ,
TAO
. MO HINH TINH TOAN TRONG
ANSYS
I. T~O MO HINH TRVC TIEP TRONG ANSYS.

T~o mo hinh tinh tmln trong ANSYS la mot cong vi~c kh6 khan va kha t6n thai gian, vi yay d~
lam quen vai cach t~o mo hinh trong ANSYS thi chuang nay se giai thi~u sa luQ'c v~ cach t~o
mo hinh thong qua mot vai vi d\l tu d~ d~n kh6 d~ doc gia c6 th~ thvc hi~n thu~n ph\lc. Trong
ANSYS thi mo hinh c6 th~ la d~ng duang, m~t ho~c kh6i; vi yay trinh W trinh bay 6 day cling
di thea nhu th~.
1) H~ tr\lc tQa dQ va m~t ph~ng lam vi~c

Trnac khi t~o mo hinh thi di~u d~u tien la chung ta dn bi~t la chung ta dang lam tren toa do
gi? (Descartes, cvc hay tf\l). Trong ANSYS m~t dinh la h~ toa do Descartes vuong g6c OXYZ
(M toa do tuy~t d6i), d6ng thai m~t ph~ng lam vi~c (M toa do tuang d6i) la m~t ph~ng trung
vai m~t ph~ng OXY cua M toa do tuy~t d6i.
Khi kh6i dong man hinh ANSYS thi luc b~y gia M tf\lC toa do hi~n thi tren mam hinh la M
tf\lC toa do tuy~t d6i, m~t ph~ng lam vi~c trung vai m~t ph~ng OXY cua M toa do nay va trung
vai man hinh. Mu6n hi~n thi m~t ph~ng lam vi~c thi: Utility Menu~ WorkPlane~Display
Working Plane. Luc d6 gird (luai di~m) se xu~t hi~n tren m~t ph~ng lam vi~c. Mu6n nhin thea
ch~ do 3D (nhu hinh 3.1) thi b~m vao bi~u tUQ'ng Isomatric View c:o I tren thanh cong C\l ben
phai man hinh.
42
NODES
AN
MAR 17 2008
MAT NUM 22 , 55 , 05
Hinh 3.1
Mu6n ehinh sua Gird:

E.ile 2elect list !:Iot PlotQrls (0.:?'~:~~~~~) Pa[ameters [1acro MeQuCtris tielp
Display Working Plane WP Settin&s

Show WP Status (0 Cartesian
WP Settings '" r Polar Ch on ki~u toa do.
Offset WP by Increments r Grid and Triad
Offset WP to ~
Align WP with ~
(0 Grid Only
AnlHi~n grid va m~t ph~ng lam vi~e.
r TriadOnly
Change Active CS to ~ P" Enable Snap
Change Display CS to ~
Local Coordinate Systems ~

Snap Incr 10 .1 l DO Ian cae 6 truy b~t di~m
SnapAng 15 J
Spacing 105 Khoang each gifra cae duang grid.
1.1
Minimum
1 Giai h~n eua grid.
Maximum 11 J
Tolerance 10 . 003
I OK I Apply
I
Re set
I Cancel
I
Help
I
Hinh 3.2
43
a) Di chuyJn mqt phiing lam vic

B~ng hop tho~i:
Eile 2elect !,.ist ~Iot Meo.uctrls tielp
Display Working Plane Offset WP

Show WP Status
[EJ w:J
WP Settings '"
offset INP by Increments ' "

Offset WP to ~
~ [ill
CEJ ~
1
}+- di ehuy~n tinh ti~n thea mot
khoang dll m~t dinh
Align WP with ~
do Ian khoang dieh ehuy~n tinh
Change Active CS to ~
~
Snaps
K Y. Z Offsets
~
h- ti~n.
Change Display CS to ~
I
Local Coordinate Systems ~
I~+xl
LEru L di ehuy~n tinh ti~n b~ng each nhap
xoay quanh M tll)e m~t ~ { Ir-~I I~+YI

I z-~I I ~ +z-I
toa do.
ph~ng lam vi~e thea eae--.J

30
phuang X, Y ho~e Z eua h~ ~ ~ ~ lIE do Ian khoang xoay (tinh thea do).
toa do tuy~t d6i. Degrees
Xi. YZ. ZX Angles
I lIE xoay b~ng each nhap thong s6.

Global X= 0
Y= 0
Z= 0
di ehuy~n ho~e xoay W dong
r Dynamic Mode ,
b~ng ehuOt.
~ ~
~ Cancel I
~
Hinh 3.3 HOp tho~i Offset Wp,
B~ng menu sf> ra:

Eile 2elect !,.ist ~Iot PlotCtrls
-
(W~';kP'I~~~")
...-;;:::, ................ Par.ameters !1acro Meo.uCtrls tielp
Display Working Plane

Show WP Status
WP Settings '"
Offset WP by Increments
Offset V'I'P to ~ Keypoints + lIE @
Align WP with Nodes + "'IIE~---------
XYZ Locations + "'IIE~--------C
Change Active CS to ~ ----------------
Change Display CS to ~ Global Origin ...IIE~-----------@
Local Coordinate Systems ~ Origin of Active CS lIE
Hinh 3.4
44
@ +-- di chuy~n m~t ph~ng lam vi~c t6'i m~t ph~ng t~o boi cac keypoint (co th~ la mot
keypoint).
+-- di chuy~n m~t ph~ng lam vi~c t6'i m~t ph~ng t~o boi cac node (co th~ la mot
nodes).
di chuy~n m~t ph~ng lam vi~c t6'i mot s6 di~m dinh trn6'c trong m~t ph~ng kich

C +--
ho~t.
di chuy~n m~t ph~ng lam vi~c t6'i m~t ph~ng cua toa do tuy~t d6i (g6c m~t
@ +-- ph~ng lam vi~c trimg v6'i g6c toa do tuy~t d6i).
di chuy~n m~t ph~ng lam vi~c t6'i m~t ph~ng dang kich ho~t (g6c m~t ph~ng
+-- lam vi~c trimg v6'i g6c m~t ph~ng dang kich ho~t).
b) Tqo mqt phiing lam vic

Eile
-Select List
- Plot
- PlotCtrls
-
(w~;j;pi~~~')
..-:::: ................ Par.ameters Macro Meo.uCtrls t!elp

Show WP Status
WP Settings '"
Keypoints + ( @
Offset WP by Increments ,,' Nodes + <111:(----------1-
Offset WP to ~ XYZ Locations + <III:(-------~
Align WP with ~
_______________________P rm_a_lt_o_Li_ne__+
_la_n_e_N_o_ __( @
Change Active CS to ~ Active Coord Sys (
Change Display CS to ~ Specified Coord Sys '" (
Local Coordinate Systems ~ Global Cartesian <III:(~----------
Hinh 3.5
r:\ t~o m~t ph~ng lam vi~c qua ba keypoint (g6c m~t ph~ng lam vi~c trimg v6'i
\01 +-- keypoint nh~p d~u tien).
t~o m~t ph~ng lam vi~c qua ba node (g6c m~t ph~ng lam vi~c trimg v6'i node
+-- nh~p d~u tien).
+-- t~o m~t ph~ng lam vi~c qua cac di~m dinh trn6'c trong m~t ph~ng kich ho~t.
t~o m~t ph~ng lam vi~c vuong goc v6'i mot duong. Khi th\Ic hi~n l~nh nay yeu
@ +-- du nhap RATIO LINE, chon trong khoang tu 0.0 d~n 1.0, do quy chi~u dai
do~n th~ng thanh 1 dan vi.
+-- t~o m~t ph~ng lam vi~c trimg v6'i M toa do tuy~t d6i.
45
~ t~o vi tri m~t ph~ng lam vi~c dva tu cac M tll)C toa do d~t bi~t.
0: M toa do vuong goc.
1: M toa do cvc.
2: M toa do duo
3: M toa do xuy~n.
Khi co cac M tll)C toa do mai thi chung do ANSYS d~t va tu 11 tr6' di.
~ t~o m~t ph~ng lam vi~c trung vai m~t ph~ng dang kich ho~t.
c) Kich hoqt h t9a d9
Eile 2elect !,.ist e.lot PlotCtrls
-
(w~~'kPi~~e)
..;;;:................ Par.ameters !:1acro Meo.uCtris !:!elp

Show WP Status
WP Settings '"
Offset WP by Increments '" Global Cartesian I( @

Offset WP to ~ Global Cylindrical @
< l l f i E - - - - - - -....
Align WP with ~ Global Cylindrical Y E C
Global Spherical ....E~-----------I@
Change Display CS to ~ Specified Coord Sys '" ....E~-----------1

Local Coordinate Systems ~ Working Plane E .
Hinh 3.6
@ ~ chon M toa do vuong goc.
@~ chon M toa do cvc xoay thea phuang Z.
~ chon M toa do cvc xoay thea phuangy.

@ ~ chon M toa do duo
~ tu mot M toa do d~t bi~t.

0: M toa do vuong goc.
1: M toa do cvc vai z la tll)C xoay.
2: M toa do duo
3: khong co.
4 : m~t ph~ng lam vi~c.
5: M toa do cvc vai y la tll)C xoay.
11 tr6' di la b~t ky M toa do dia phuang duQ'c t~o.
~ tu m~t ph~ng lam vi~c.

46
d) Tqo h t9a d9 dia phu:cmg.
Eile ;ielect !,.ist ~Iot Plot~trls (#.:~~~~~~~.~) Par.ameters !1acro Meo.uCtrls tielp

Show WP Status
WP Settings '"
Offset WP to
Align WP with
At WP Origin ' " i( @
Change Active CS to Create Local CS ~ By 3 Keypoints + ",i(~-----.
Change Display CS to Delete Local CS '" By 3 Nodes + "'i(~-------C
Local Coordinate Systems ~ Move Singularity '" At Specified Loc + i( @
Hinh 3.7
@ +-- t~o M toa do dia phuang t~i g6e eua m~t ph~ng lam vi~e.
+-- t~o M toa do dia phuang qua ba keypoint (g6e m~t ph~ng lam vi~e trung vai
keypoint nh~p d~u tien).
t~o M toa do dia phuang qua ba node (g6e m~t ph~ng lam vi~e trung vai node

C +-- nh~p d~u tien).
@ +-- t~o M toa do dia phuang b~ng m~t ehu~n dinh huang.
d) X6a h t9a d9 dia phu:cmg.

Theo duang d~n:
Eile ;ielect !,.ist ~Iot Plot~trls ~orkPlane Pa!:ameters !1acro Meo.uCtrls tielp

Show WP Status
WP Settings '"
Offset WP to ~
Align WP with ~
Change Active CS to Create Local CS

Change Display CS to Delete Local CS '" "'i(~--X6a M toa do dia phuang.
Local Coordinate Systems ~ Move Singularity '"
Hinh 3.8
47
2) T~o di~m (create keypoints)
ANSVS Main Menu t~o keypoint tu m~t ph~ng lam vi~c.

~ Preferences
8 Preprocessor t~o keypoint b~ng cach nhap toa do.
II
Element Type
II
Real Constants
II
Material Props t~o keypoint b~ng cach phM sinh tren mot line co trnac
II
5ections b~ng cach nh~p chuot tllJc ti~p.
8 Modeling
8 Create
8 424'Hl!!lfl
~ On wo.rkin g
bI In Active C5
,:0l On line +---
Plan2 f tao 0 ke11point
.)", ,
,
ba.ng cach phM
, sinh tren mo.t line
trnac bang cach cho M so Line R~tio. H~ so nay
duqc giai h~n trong khoang tu 0.0 denn 1.0.
, co
~ On line w!Ratio
~ On Node I( t~o keypoints t~i mot vi tri nut co trnac.
,:0l KP between KPS ~
.7l Fill between KPs t~o keypoint gifra hai keypoint co trnac:
II KP at center ,
II Hard PT on line Chon Ratio: de dinh khoang cach tlr keypoint
II Hard PT on area thu nh~t d~n keypoint dn t~o thea M sf>
khoang cach gifra hai keypoint ban d~u.
Hinh 3.9
Chon Dist: d~ dinh khoang cach tu keypoint
thu nh~t d~n keypoint dn t~o.
t~o nhi~u keypoint l~p d~y gifra hai keypoint co trnac vai.
3) T~o dlfirng (create lines)
a) Du:emg thiing (lines)
ANSVS Main Menu t~o line tu M toa do toan C\lC, khong quan Him d~n toa do
~ Preferences hi~n hanh, va nh~p vao hai keypoint.
8 Preprocessor
II Element Type t~o line tu hai keypoint.
II Real Constants
II Material Props
II 5ections phM sinh line gifra hai keypoint tren mot m~t ph~ng.
8 Modeling
8_
8 Create
t~o line vuong goc vai mot line cho trnac va di
II Keypoints
8 lines qua mot keypoint cho trnac.
.?l 5traight line t~o line vuong goc vai hai line cho trnac.
~ In Active Coord
~ Overlaid on Area .....- - - - J
.Jl Tangent to line t~o line di qua mot keypoint cho trnac va
~ Tan to 2 lines hqp vai mot line cho trnac mot goc xac
,:0l Normal to line : I
,:0l Norm to 2 lines;<IIII-:---------' II dinh.
.Jl At angle to line .....- - - - - - - '
~ Angle to 2 lines. I ( - - - - - - - t~o line hqp vai hai line nhfrng goc xac dinh.
Hinh 3.10
48
b) Cung tron (arcs)
ANSYS Main Menu t~o cung tron qua ba keypoint. Khoang khuy~t cua cung
bI PreFerences tron 1a khoang gifra hai keypoint nh~p d~u tien.
EI Preprocessor
II Element Type
II Real Constants t~o cung tron qua hai keypoint, d6ng thai xac dinh Him
II Material Props va ban kinh cung tron.
II Sections
EI Modeling
EI Create t~o cung tron b~ng cach xac dinh Him, ban kinh va
II Keypoints
di~m b~t d~u cua cung tron.
EI lines
II lines ARC: goc t~o thanh cung tron.
El m! NSEG: s61uqng cung tron dn t~o.
?I Through 3 KPs
?I By End KPs &: Rad
?l By Cent &: Radius +-_---J
?I full Cirde ...(~----- t~o CaC cung trcm l~p d~y mot vong tron.
Hinh 3.11
c) Du:emg spline
ANSYS Main Menu t~o duang spline co hai d~u mut 1a hai keypoint co
~ PreFerences
trnac. Sau do hinh d~ng co duqc b~ng cach nh~p tllJc
EI Preprocessor ti~p tren man hinh thong qua 1uai di~m
II Element Type
II Real Constants
II Material Props
II Sections t~o duang spline di qua tap hqp cac keypoint.
EI Modeling
EI Create
II Keypoints
EI lines t~o cac phan do~n spline di qua tap hqp cac
II lines keypoint. Hai keypoint t~o thanh mot phan do~n.
II Arcs
EI mI!!!
?I Spline thru locs
?I Spline thru KPs
~ Segmented Spline +-_---J
II With Options
Hinh 3.12
49
d) Bo cung gifra hai line

Ban kinh bo
ANSYS Main Menu
~ PreFerences
EI Preprocessor
II Element Type [lFIll TJ Create Fillet line
II Real Constants NlI,Nl2 Intersecting lines

17 15
II Material Props RAD Fillet radius ' - - - _. . r - I- - -
II Sections
EI Modeling
PCENT Number to assign r----. r - I- - -
. to generated keypoint at fillet center

EI Create
II Keypoints
EI lines OK Apply Cancel Help
II lines
II Arcs
II Splines
Yl '@j@l Gan s6 thu wcho cung trcm duQ'c t~o ra
Hinh 3.13
e) X6a line
Chi xoa line:
COMMAND: Main menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Delete ~ Lines Only.
Xoa ca keypoint tren line:

COMMAND: Main menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Delete ~ Line and Below.
4) T~o m~t ph~ng (create areas)

a) Tqo tily y (Arbitrary)
ANSYS Main Menu

t~o area b~ng cach n6i cac keypoint l~i vai nhau.
~ PreFerences
EI Preprocessor
II Element Type t~o area ch6ng len mot area co trnac.
II Real Constants
II Material Props
II Sections t~o area duQ'c giai h~n bai cac duang line.
EI Modeling
EI Create
II Keypoints - i t dung
II lines
EI Areas
EI "rm"m~;t.i#J t~o area b~ng cach offset tu mot m~t ph~ng co
}'l Through KPs - trnac. Phuang offset thea phuang phap tuy~n
?l Overlaid on Area cua m~t ph~ng ban d~u.
~ By lines +-_ _ _ _....J
Jll By Skinning +-------'

}'l By OrFset+ - - - - - - - . . . . . J
Hinh 3.14
50
b) M(tt phiing hinh chfr nhqt (Rectangle area)
ANSVS Main Menu

t~o rectangle area b~ng cach nhap toa do 2 g6c cheo nhau
~ Preferences
El Preprocessor cua mot rectangle area.
Il Element Type
Il Real Constants
Il Material Props t~o rectangle area b~ng cach nhap toa do Him va mot
Il Sections g6c cua mot rectangle area.
El Modeling
El Create
Il Keypoints
Il lines
t~o rectangle area b~ng cach nhap toa do cua do dai
El Areas
Il Arbitrary rectangle area thea phuang x va y so v6i M toa do
El mbt.@
}11 By 2 Corners
~ By Centr & Cornr
~ By Dimensions +-__---J
Hinh 3.15
c) M(tt phiing hinh trem (circular area)
ANSVS Main Menu

t~o circular area b~ng cach dinh Him va ban kinh.
~ Preferences
El Preprocessor
Il Element Type
Il Real Constants t~o circular area d~ng hinh xuy~n b~ng cach dinh Him va
Il Material Props hai ban kinh.
Il Sections
El Modeling
El Create
Il Keypoints t~o mot ph~n circular area d~ng hinh xuy~n b~ng cach
Il lines dinh Him, hai ban kinh va hai g6c gi6i h~n.
El Areas
Il Arbitrary
Il Rectangle
:m:m
El
}1 Solid Circle
}1 Annulus
}1 Partial Annulus
2f t~o mot ph~n circular area b~ng cach nh~p hai d~u
mot duang kinh
.
}1 By End Points t~o mot ph~n circular area b~ng cach nhap hai ban
Id By Dimensions ...(~----
kinh va hai g6c gi6i h~n so v6i g6c toa do
Hinh 3.16
51
d) M(tt phiing da giac (polygon area)
ANSYS Main Menu t~o m~t ph~ng hinh tam giac b~ng cach nhap trong Him va
~ Prererences ban kinh duang trcm ngo~i ti~p tam giac do, ngoai ra con
EI Preprocessor nhap gia tri goc gifra tll)C x cua m~t ph~ng lam vi~c va tll)C
IIElement Type
nf>i tu Him d~n dinh d~u tien cua tam giac.
IIReal Constants
IIMaterial Props
IISections
EI Modeling
EI Create
tuang W nhu tren nhung m~t ph~ng t~o a day la hinh
II Keypoints chfr nhat.
II lines
EI Areas
II Arbitrary hinh ngfi giac.
II Rectangle
II Circle
EI Jl!ltl!t!DJ hinh h,lc giac.
}lI Triangle +----'
.7l Square +-------1 irhinh th~t giac.
}lI Pentagon ~
}lI HeHagon - o f " - - - - - - - ' I
}lI Septagon -ofd~-----.....J.
I hinh bat giac.
Jl Octagon -of1lE~--------'
~ By Inscribed Rad lIE @
~ By Circumscr Rad lIE
~ By Side length lIE
.7l By Vertices -of1lE~---------------1@
Hinh 3.17
t~o hinh da giac noi ti~p duang tron, nhap sf> c~nh va ban kinh duang tron noi
@ +-- ti~p.
+-- t~o hinh da giac ngo~i ti~p duang tron, nhap sf> c~nh va ban kinh duang tron
ngo~i ti~p.
+-- t~o hinh da giac b~ng cach nhap sf> c~nh va do dai cho c~nh.
t~o hinh da giac b~ng cach nh~p cac dinh, luu y sau khi nh~p cac dinh xong thi
@ +-- ' OK.
bam
52
d) Bo cung gifra hai area Ban kinh bo

El Modeling
El Create
Il Keypoints [AFILL T] Create Fillet Area
Il lines NAl ,NA2 Intersecting areas
El Areas RAD Fillet radius

Il Arbitrary
Il Rectangle
Il Circle OK Apply Cancel Help
Il Polygon
~ %i@lm
Hinh 3.18
e) X6a area
Chi x6a area:
COMMAND: Main menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Delete ~ Areas Only.
X6a ca keypoint va line tren area:

COMMAND: Main menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Delete ~ Area and Below.
5) T~o kh8i (creat volume)

a) Tqo tily y (arbitrary)
t~o volume qua tam keypoint cho trnac.
El Modeling
El Create
Il Keypoints t~o volume giai h~n boi cac area cho trnac.
Il lines
Il Areas
El Volumes
El 'M mum
~ Through KP
,,01 By Areas ~-----'
Hinh 3.19
b) Tqo kh6i hinh h9P (block volume)

ANSYS Main Menu t~o block volume b~ng cach nhap toa cua do
dai hai do
~ Preferences c~nh cua m~t ph~ng hinh chu nhat, sau d6 nhap gia tri
El Preprocessor
Il Element Type chi~u cao.
Il Real Constants
Il Material Props
Il 5ections
t~o block volume b~ng cach nhap toa do
Him va t~o do
El Modeling cua do
dai hai c~nh cua m~t ph~ng hinh chu nhat, sau
EI Create d6 nhap gia tri chi~u cao.
Il Keypoints
Il lines
Il Areas t~o block volume b~ng cach nhap toa do cua do dai
EI Volumes block volume thea phuang x, y va z so vai M toa do.
Il Arbitrary
El ,,01m By 2 Corners 8.: Z
.;R By Centr ,Cornr ,Z +-_.....
~ By Dimensions
Hinh 3.20
53
c) Tqo kh6i hinh trl;l (cylinder volume)
El Volumes
[]
[]
Arbitrary
Block
J t~o cylinder volume b~ng cach nhap toa do Him, ban kinh va chi~u cao.
El ~f!jIirm _ t~o cyl!nder volume r6ng b~ng cach nhap toa do Him, hai ban kinh
~ Solid Cylinder oJ r va chieu cao.
Yl Hollow Cylinder ~
~ Partial Cylinder .I(---------~@
~ By End Pts & 2. ....I(~------------.
~ By Dimensions ....I(~---------------'
Hinh 3.21
t~o mot ph~n cylinder volume b~ng cach nhap toa do Him, hai ban kinh, chi~u
@ <IIf--- cao va hai g6c gi6i h~n.
<IIf--- t~o mot ph~n cylinder volume b~ng cach nhap t~o do hai d~u duang kinh va
chi~u cao.
<IIf--- t~o mot ph~n cylinder volume b~ng cach nhap toa do cua do dai cylinder
volume thea phuang x, y va z so v6i M toa do.
c) Tqo kh6i hinh lang trl;l (prism volume)

El Modeling
El Create
[] Keypoints
[] lines
[] Areas Lam gi6ng nhu ph~n t~o: "mq.t phiing da giac (polygon area)" nhung
El Volumes
[] Arbitrary cho them gia tri chi~o cao.
[] Block
[] Cylinder
[] ~
Hinh 3.22
d) Tqo kh6i hinh cdu (sphere volume)
El Volumes
[] Arbitrary t~o sphere volume b~ng cach nhap toa do Him va ban kinh.
[] Block
[]
[]
Cylinder
Prism t~o sph
ereivo
:; ::
ume 'h n h~~p toa d~0 tam
rong bC,ang cac ~
va, h aI. b'an k'IIIh .
El ~~ Solid Sphere ;=J-

[
t~o sphere volume b~ng cach nhap toa do hai d~u duang kinh.
~ Hollow Sphere
~ By End Points ~ h" h i : ; : : bC, 'h h~ d~ h . b'
~ By Dimensions I( t~omot p an sp ere vo ume rong ang cac n ~p toa 0 aI an
kinh va hai g6c gi6i h~n so v6i M toa do.
Hinh 3.23
54
d) Tqo kh6i hinh can (cone volume)
EI Volumes
II Arbitrary
t~o cone volume b~ng cach nhap toa do hai ban kinh va chi~u cao cua
II Block
II Cylinder con
II Prism
: itgre t~o mot ~h~n cone volume r6ng b~ng cach nhap toa do hai ban
.?l By Picking I kinh, chieu cao va hai g6c gi6i h~n so v6i M toa do.
~ By Dimensions ~
Hinh 3.24
d) Tqo kh6i
EI Volumes
II Arbitrary
II Block
II Cylinder
II Prism
II Sphere
II Cone ,....--- ban kinh chinh.
~ rmm!
, - - - ban kinh trong cua 6ng.
[TORUS] Create Torus by Dimensions
RADI Outer radius
RAD2 Optional inner radius
RADMAJ Major radius of torus
THETA 1 Starting angle (degrees)
THET AZ Ending angle (degrees)

, , ,. h {~IO====:
cac goc gm ~n Lr_o
_ _-----'
OK Apply Cancel Help
Hinh 3.25
e) X6a volume
Chi x6a volume:
COMMAND: Main menu~Preprocessor~Modeling ~Delete~ Volumes Only.
X6a ca keypoint, line va area tren volume:
COMMAND: Main menu~Preprocessor~Modeling ~Delete~ Volume and Below.
6) Cae phep toaD (operate)

a)Extrude
55
Extrude areas
AN5Y5 Main Menu t~o volume b~ng cach offset tu mot m~t ph~ng co trnac.
~ Prererences Phuang offset 1a phap tuy~n cua m~t ph~ng.
8 Preprocessor
II Element Type
II Real Constants
t~o volume ph\! tu cac co trnac volume b~ng cach offset
II Material Props tu cac m~t ph~ng tren volume co trnac. Co M sf> ti 1~ thea
II Sections cac phuang x, y va z gifra m~t t~o thanh va m~t ban d~u.
8 Modeling
II Create
~
8 Operate
8 EKtrude t~o cyIindricaI voIume be,ang cac
'h xoay mot area xung
~ Elem EKt Opts ~quanh mot tll)c.
8 m!!!
~ Along Normal
,,0l By XYZ Offset t~o volume b~ng cach quet mot area thea mot duang
~
J1
About AKis ~ I
Along Lines ",~:""------I.
I d~n.
Hinh 3.26

8 Operate
8_ I
8 EKtrude
Extrude lines
bI Elem EKt Opts

II Areas
t~o cylindrical area b~ng cach xoay mot line xung quanh mot
tll)C.
~ About AKis E---' I t~o area b~ng cach quet mot line thea mot duang d~n.
;n Along Lines +-----'
Hinh 3.27
Extrude keypoints
8 Operate
t~o circular line b~ng cach xoay mot keypoint xung quanh mot
8 EKtrude
~ Elem EKt Opts tll)c.
II Areas
II Lines
8 UHIIHtl
.Jl About AKis
:=J t~o line b~ng cach quet mot keypoint thea mot duang d~n .
,,0l Along Lines
Hinh 3.28
b) Extend Line
8 Operate
II EKtrude
~ in,uut ~ Keo dai mot do~n th~ng t~i d~u mut cua chung.
Hinh 3.29
56
c) Booleans
Jr
Intersect
El Operate
II Extrude tim giao nhau gifra cac volume.
?l Extend Line
El BOOlea.ns
El Intersect
~ tim giao nhau gifra cac area.
El Common tim giao nhau gifra cac line.
?l @Liim~
F Areas
~ Lines
Hinh 3.30
El Intersect
II Common
El i#MU
~ Volumes
.I tim giao nhau tung doi mot gifra cac volume.
,.
I tIm ,~. ~ ._ ,
glao nhau tung d01 mot gma cac area.
YI Areas "":I(~_...J.
~ Lines I( tim giao nhau tung doi mot gifra cac line.
Hinh 3.31
El Operate
II Extrude
tim giao nhau gifra area va volume. K~t qua cho ra la area.
H,
Jil Extend Line
El Booleans
El @it!M tim giao nhau gifra line va volume. K~t qua cho ra la line.
II Common
'; pairwis~h I tim giao nhau gifra area va volume. K~t qua cho ra la
"'~ Area Wit
~ Line with Volume
Vo ume
d
}'l Line with Area ....I(~_ _ _...J.

I I line .
Hinh 3.32
Add
El Operate
II Extrude cong cac volume rieng bi~t thanh mot volume duy nh~t.
~ Extend Line
El Booleans ,
II Intersectd f r c o n g cac area rieng bi~t thanh mot area duy nhat.
El D
~ Volumes i I cong cac line rieng biet thanh mot line duy nh~t.
"' . Areas I( . I . ..
~ Lines ...I ( f - - - - - - i
Hinh 3.33
57
Subtract
El Operate tm mot ph~n cua mot volume tu cac volume khac. Volume nh~p
II Extrude tmac la volume bi tm, nh~p sau la volume tm.
.? Extend Line
df
El Booleans
II Intersect tm mot ph~n cua mot area tu cac area khac. Area nh~p tmac la
Mad'
II Add
El area b"~ tm, nh"ap sau l'a area tm.
,
J1 Volumes
J1 Areas
J1 Lines ( tm mot ph~n cua mot line tu cac line khac. Line nh~p tmac la
Hinh 3.34 line bi tm, nh~p sau la line tm.
Glue Partition
El Booleans El Booleans
II Intersect II Intersect
II Add II Add
II Subtract II Subtract
II Divide dan dinh cac line, cac area II Divide
El :am ~ ho~c cac volume l~i vai II Glue
II Overlap
chia cac line, cac area
nhau. ~ ho~c cac volume vai
II ilffl ij itiffl
nhau.
Hinh 3.35 Hinh 3.36
Divide
EI Operate
Jfr
II Extrude
j1 Extend Line chia volume b~ng area.
EI Booleans
II Intersect chia volume b~ng m~t ph~ng lam vi~c.
II Add
~ ~~~;: ~:;,::~~::=JI ir~h:~:::e:~~::::

J" Mea by Volume
JlI Area by Area ( . - chia area b~ng line.
JlI Area by Line <I!E(-----....J.
JlI Area by WrkPlane ( L h' b Co ~ h;; l' .~
JlI Line by Volume ( C la area ang m~t pang am Vl~C .
.?I Line by Area ~
.F Line by Line ~L
L '. Co
Chla lzne bang volune .
.?I Line by WrkPlane ,
}i1 Line into 2 ln's chia line bang area.
JlI Line into N ln's ,
.fI Lines wi Options chia line bang line.
Hinh 3.37 chia line b~ng m~t ph~ng lam vi~c.
chia line thanh hai ph~n b~ng cach nh~p tllJc ti~p vao ch6 dn
chiao
chia line thanh hai ph~n nhi~u ph~n bang nhau.

58
7) Cac phep di chuy~n (move / modify)

a) Keypoint
EI Modeling
I! Create
I! Operate
EI Move I Modify
EI itJ,I,jiHij
J Di chuy~n tap hqp cac keypoint b~ng cach nhap khoang cach thea
cac phuong.
~ Set of KPs Di chuy~n mot keypoint b~ng cach nh~p vao di~m rna keypoint
}lI Single KP <111:0(--- dn t6i
}lI To Intersect
Hinh 3.38
a) Area va volume Di chuy~n tap hqp cac area b~ng cach nhap khoang cach thea cac
EI Move I MOd
~ -ry phuong.
I! Keypoints
~ lines
~
I! mD
Volumes 0( Di chuy~n tap hqp cac volume b~ng cach nhap khoang cach
thea cac phuong.
Hinh 3.39
8) Sao chep (copy)

EI Modeling
I! Create Sao chep line, area ho~c volume b~ng cach hap s6 luqng dn sao
I! Operate I chep va khoang cach sao chep thea cac phuong.
I! Move I Modify I
E1 !!m1l ~o(------'
Hinh 3.40
Trong cac l~nh sao chep n~u dung M toa do vuong g6c thi se sao chep thea d~ng hinh chu
nhat, con dung toa do qrc thi sao chep thea d~ng duang tron.
9) D8i xtfng (reflect)

EI Modeling
I! Create
I! Operate L~y d6i xung line, area ho~c volume qua cac M tll)C toa do.
I! Move I Modify I
I! Copy I
I! l!!i!!!
~o(------'
Hinh 3.41
59
10) Vi d...
Ve banh ding tIl) ding th~ng trong ANSYS:
60
2~ ~
_._._._._. .- M odun ding: m = 8.
- S6 ding: Z= 30.
G6 e nghieng: /3= 0
H~ s6 dieh ehinh: 0
-.----
V~. -~
2x4So
'-D
l/')
01
'-D
r-
--'
01
M
--'
_. _._._._._. - l/')
r-
~ ~ ~
-'--- - _. c-
o
01
~
"~
- ._._._._.- 00
70
Hinh 3.42
a) Du:emg than khai

Duang than khai cua vong tron: la quy d~o cua mot di~m thuoc duang th~ng, khi duang th~ng
nay trnot tren mot duang tron c6 dinh. Duang tron c6 dinh gOi la vong ca So'.
Cach ve (xem hinh 3.43):
Chia d~u vong tron ca sara thanh nhi~u ph~n b~ng nhau, a day thi d\l chia thanh 12
ph~n, vai cac di~m chia 1,2, ... 12.
Tu cac di~m d6 ke cac ti~p tuy~n cho duang tron, va l~y tren ti~p tuy~n t~i di~m 12
mot doan b~ng chu vi duang tron ca So' 27rR.
Chia d~u do~n d6 thanh 12 ph~n b~ng nhau (b~ng s6 chia tren vong ca so') vai cac
di~m chia 1',2', ... 12'. (mot doan b~ng 27rR112)
L~n luot d~t len cac ti~p tuy~n t~i cac di~m 1, 2, 3 ... cac do~n th~ngc6 chi~u dai 1, 2,
3 ... l~n do~n 27rR112 thi se duQ'c cac di~m thuoc duang than khai dn ve.
60
Chu:cmg 3 Tqo mo hinh tinh toan trong ANSYS
~T-=-------Q M6
M12 o-+-+--+--+-+-+-+-+-+-+-..p:.-O:;o~
Hinh 3.43
Duong than khai duQ'c ap d\lllg d~ ve profin cua ding banh ding.
Hinh 3.44
b) Cae thong s6 eua banh rang eho (nhu hinh 3.42).

Yang chia: d = mxZ = 8x30 = 240mm ~r = d 12 = 120mm
Yang ca sa: db = d x cosa = 240x cos 20 = 225.526mm ~ rb = 120x cos 20 = 112.763mm
Yang dinh ding: d a = m(Z + 2) = 8(30 + 2) = 256mm ~ ra = 128mm
Vangchanding: d f =m(Z-2.5)=8(30-2.5)=220mm~rf = 110mm
e) Vi? trong ANSYS

Khai dong chuang trinh ANSYS.
61
D6i dan vi tinh cho g6c:

COMMAND: UtilityMenu~Plot~Parameters~Angular Units
~ Angular Units for Parametric Functions ~
[* AFUN] Units for angular - 1--ll@i.-H4 Chon dan vi la Degree.
- parametric functions
OK Apply Cancel I Help
Hinh 3.45
T~o cac vang tran mnh ding, ca So' va chan ding:

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Areas ~ Circle ~ Solid
Circle. Sau d6 nhap ba Circle Area vao hOp tho~i "Solid Circular Area":
----------------- ---------------- -
~ Solid Circular Area ~ ri1 Solid Circular Area ~ ~ Solid Circular Area ~
r- Pick r Unpick r- Pick r Unpick r- Pick r Unpick
WP X WP X WP X
OJ OJ OJ
Global X Global X Global X

OJ OJ OJ
Z = Z = Z =
WP X 0 WP X 0 WP X 0
1 1 1
WP OJ
J0 WP OJ
J0 WP OJ
J0
Radius 1281 Radius j120*Cos (20)1 Radius 1101
1 1
OJ( Apply OJ( Apply OJ( Apply

Reset Cancel Reset Cancel Reset Cancel
Help Help Help
Hinh 3.46
X6a h~t CaC m~t kh6ng dn thi~t:

COMMAND: MainMenu~Preprocessor~Modeling~Delete~Areas Only. Sau d6 xu~t
hi~n hOp tho~i "Delete Areas Only" chon Pick All.
Hi~n thi t~t ca cac hinh anh c6 trong Graphics

COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ P lot ~ Multi-Plots.
Thi man hinh se th~ hi~n:
62
1 J\N
A-L -K
OCT 8 2009
22:3 1 : 3 4
V ong dinh ding

Hinh 3.47
T~o mot keypoint lam Him.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Keypoints ~ In Active Cs.
Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Create Keypoint in Active Coordinate System" b~m OK la ANSYS W
dong t~o mot keypoint co toa do (0,0,0).
Ve duang than khai dva tren vong tron ca So'. Theo ly thuy~t, chia vong tron ca So' thanh 36
ph~n b~ng nhau, yay mot ph~n tu se la 9 ph~n. Chia cung tron t~i g6c ph~n tu thu 2.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Operate ~ Booleans ~ Divide ~
Line into N Ln 'so 1 AN
A-L- K
_ - ----OCL 8 2009
Chon vong tron ca So' d~ chia, xu~t
hi~n hOp tho~i "Divide Line into N
line", trong do:
NL 1: th~ hi ~n ten duang
th~ng dn chiao
NDIV: s6 ph~n tu dn chia,
nhap vao 9.
Sau khi chia xong thi vong tron ca

So' g6m 9 cung tron nh6 nhu hinh
3.48. Do dai cua cung tron la:
c= JtX240xcos(20o)/36
= 20.93 x cos(20o)
Hinh 3.48
Hi~n thi m~t ph~ng lam vi~c va chuy~n m~t ph~ng lam vi~c sang M toa do cvc:
63
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ WorkPlane ~ WP Settings.

WP Settings
r Cartesian
chon toa do ClJC.
r- Polar ,
r- Grid and Triad

chon th~ hi~n grid va M toa
r Grid Only
do cua m~t ph~ng lam vi~c.
r Triad Only
' " Enable Snap
Snap Incr 11
khoang quay cua cac duang
SnapAng 110
lu6i (tinh thea degree).
Spacing 11
!
Minimum 11
Radius 15 ban kinh hi~n thi cua lu6i.

Tolerance
10003
lu6i di~m cua m~t ph~ng lam vi~c
I OK
I Apply
I
Reset
I Cancel
I
Help
I
Hinh 3.49
Hi~n thi gird:

COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ WorkPlane ~ Display Working Plane.
Di chuy~n g6c toa do cua m~t ph~ng lam vi~c d~n keypoint thu hai tren yang ca So' thea chi~u
nguqc chi~u kim d6ng h6:
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ WorkP lane ~ Offset WP to ~ Keypoints. Nh~p vao keypoint
thu hai tren yang ca So' thea chi~u nguqc chi~u kim d6ng h6.
A-L-K
OCT 19 2010
19:01:36
Hinh 3.50
64
Chu:cmg 3 Tqo mo hinh tinh toan trong ANSYS
Nhung bay gia v~n chua Slr d\lllg M toa do d6 duQ'c. Mu6n Slr d\lllg duQ'c thi th\Ic hi~n:
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ WorkPlane ~ Change Active CS to ~ Working Plane.
K~ ti~p ta t~o keypoint d~u tien cho bien d~ng ding b~ng cach Slr d\lllg "g6c co cqnh tu:cmg Ung
vuong goc":
COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Modeling~Keypoints~ In Active Cs. Sau d6
nhap vao hOp tho~i "Create Keypoint in Active Coordinate System" cac s6li~u:
do dai cung trcm nh6 do Ian cua g6c duQ'c chia
NPT Keypoint number
x, V,Z Location in active C5
Hinh 3.51
6 d~u tien nhap do dai cung trcm: 20.93*cos(200).

6 thu hai nhap do Ian cua g6c duQ'c chia: 10.
Tuang W, di chuy~n m~t ph~ng lam vi~c trnQ'c tren cung trcm vai do dich chuy~n la mot cung
trcm nh6 d6ng thai t~o ra cac keypoint c6 toa do nhu sau:
[2*20.93*cos(200), 10+10]
[3*20.93*cos(200), 10+10+ 10]
[4*20.93*cos(200), 10+10+ 10]
1
A- L- K
AN
OCT 19 2010
19:08:05
cac keypoint t~o ra
Hinh 3.52
65
Khi t~o ra b6n keypoint thi duang than khai da vuot ra kh6i vang tran dinh ding, nen dung l~i
kh6ng t~o ti~p.
Vi~c k~ ti~p la ta t~o ra duang than khai di qua cac keypoint vua t~o tren b~ng cach Slr d\lllg
duang spline:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Lines ~ Splines ~ Spline thru
KPs. Chon b6n keypoint vua t~o ra. Sau d6 nh~p vao nut OK, thi duang than khai duQ'c t~o ra:
1
A-L-K J\N
OCT 19 2010
19:08:05
Hinh 3.53
Keo dai duang than khai t6'i duang chan ding.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Operate ~ Extend Line. Nh~p vao
duang than khai r6i b~m OK sau d6 nh~p vao keypoint tren duang than khia g~n vang tran
chan ding nh~t r6i b~m OK thi hOp tho~i "Extend Line" xu~t hi~n. Ta nhap vao 6 DIST gia tri
b~ng 5. Thi duang than khai duQ'c keo dai nhu hinh 3.54
1
A- L-K J\N
OCT 19 2010
19:15:11
Hinh 3.54
Tim keypoint la giao di~m gifra duang than khai va hai vang tran dinh va chan ding:
66

Line by Line.
Nh~p vito duang than khai r6i b~m OK sau d6 nh~p vito hai vang tran dinh va chan ding r6i
b~m OK.
1
A- L- K AN
OCT 19 2010
19:18:56
Hinh 3.55
Dai m~t ph~ng lam vi~c v~ M toa do tuy~t d6i:

COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ WorkPlane ~ Offset WP to ~ Global Origin.
X6a cac line kh6ng dn thi~t, chi gifr l~i duang than khai gifra vang dinh va chan ding:
COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Modeling~Delete~Line and Below. Nh~p
chon t~t ca cac duang du thua, chi d~ l~i duang than khai duQ'c gi6i h~n bai hai vang tran dinh
va chan ding r6i b~m OK.
B~y gia duang than khai g6m nhi~u phan do~n, nen dn nh6m chung l~i thanh mot line:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Operate ~ Booleans ~ Add ~
Lines. Nh~p vao "Pick A It' , cua sf> "Add Lines" xu~t hi~n, nh~p vao OK.
X6a cac keypoint a gifra kh6ng dn thi~t:

COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Modeling~Delete~Keypoints. Chon hai
keypoint a gifra r6i b~m OK.
Theo d~ bai thi banh ding g6m c6 30 ding, vay m6i ding cach nhau 12.
Copy them mot duang than khai:
COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Modeling~Copy~Lines. Nh~p vao duang
than khai r6i b~m OK thi hop tho~i "Copy Lines" xu~t hi~n, nhap 12 vao 6 DY (g6c rna m6i
ding cach xa nhau).
67
1
L-K J\N
OCT 19 2010
do~n than khai vua copy 19:30:57
Hinh 3.56
Bi~t r~ng buac ding duQ'c do tren yang chia cua ba.nh ding d=240 mm. Vi yay, phai ve yang
chia cua ba.nh ding. Ve yang chia cho banh ding tuang W nhu yang dinh, chan va ca So', vai
WP = (0,0) va Radius = 120. Sau d6 cling x6a area va cac c~nh kh6ng dn thi~t thi duQ'c nhu
hinh 3.57:
1
A-L-K J\N
OCT 19 2010
19 : 33 : 49
~ V4 yang chia
Hinh 3.57
T~o hai keypoint 1a giao di~m gifra hai duang than khai va yang chia:
Line by Line.
Nh~p vao hai duang than khai r6i b~m OK sau d6 nh~p vao V4 yang chia r6i b~m OK.
T~o l~i
cung tran cua yang tran chia gifra hai keypoint tren:
COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Modeling~Create ~Lines~Arcs~By End
KPs & Rad. Nh~p vao hai keypoint r6i b~m OK k~ ti~p nh~p vao tam t~i g6c toa do r6i b~m
68
OK. Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Arc by end KPs & Radius" ,nhap 120 vito 0 RAD (ban kinh vang
chia)
Chia cung vua t~o thanh b6n cung b~ng nhau:

Line into N Ln 'so Nh~p vao cung tran vua t~o r6i b~m OK thi xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Divide
Line into N line", nhap:
NL 1: th~ hi~n ten duang th~ng dn chiao
NDIV: s6 ph~n tu dn chia, nhap vao 4.
1
A- L- K J\N
OCT 19 2010
19:40 : 44
D~t la keypoint MI
D~t la keypoint M2 /
Hinh 3.58
L~y d6i xung duang than khai ban d~u qua duang th~ng n6i gifra keypoint tam va keypoint
MI. Mu6n th\Ic hi en di~u d6 thi phai t~o mot M toa do dia phuang sao cho c6 mot tll)C n6i
gifra keypoint tam va keypoint MI:
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ WorkPlane ~ Local Coordinate Systems ~ Create Local
CS ~ By 3 Keypointso
Nh~p thea thu w la keypoint tam, keypoint MI sau cung la keypoint M2, b~m OK. Xu~t hi~n
hop tho~i "Create CS By 3KPs" trong d6:
KCN: ten cua toa do dia phuang dn t~o (11).
KCS: ki~u toa do. M~t dinh la toa do cartesian vuong g6c.
B~m OK.
H~ toa do t~o ra c6 phuang x trung vai duang th~ng n6i gifra keypoint tam va keypoint MI. Va
m~t ph~ng oxz vuong g6c vai man hinh. Nhung bay gia v~n chua su d\lllg M toa do d6 duQ'c.
Mu6n su d\lllg duQ'c thi:
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ WorkP lane ~ Change Active CS to ~ Specified Coord Syso
Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i nhu hinh 3.59, nhap ten toa do mai (11) vao 0 KCN r6i b~m OK.
69
~ Change Active CS to Specified CS [XI

[ CSVS] Change active coordinate system to specified system
KeN Coordinate system number
Hinh 3.59
L~y d6i xung:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Reflect ~ Lines. Nh~p cac duang
than khai d~u tien, b~m OK. Xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Reflect Lines", chon m~t ph~ng x-z lam m~t
ph~ng d6i xung:
1
~ Reflect Lines ~ A-L-K J\N
OCT 19 2010
[LSYMM] Reflect Lines
19:48:55
Ncomp Plane of symmetry
r \:..c.r:e:.:.'.........::. '
m:;it phkg l:ly d6i Xlrng~ \o X-Zplane Y
r x-v plane Z
KINe Keypoint increment
NOELEM Items to be reflected Jlines and mesh 3

IMOIJE Existing lines will be Jcop;ed ::1
Hinh 3.60
Dai m~t ph~ng lam vi~c v~ M toa do tuy~t d6i:

COMMAND: UtilityMenu~WorkPlane~Offset WP to~Global Origin.
Chon m~t ph~ng lam vi~c:
T~o cac cung n6i dinh ding va chan ding:

Cung dinh ding:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Create ~ Lines ~ Arcs ~ By
End KPs & Rad. Nh~p vao hai keypoint a hai d~u tren cua hai duang than khai r6i b~m
OK. K~ ti~p nh~p vao tam t~i g6c toa do r6i b~m OK. Xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Arc by end
KPs & Radius" ,nhap 128 vao 6 RAD (ban kinh vang chia) r6i b~m OK.
Cung chan ding:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Lines ~ Arcs ~ By
End KPs & Rad. Nh~p vao hai keypoint a hai d~u du6i cua hai duang than khai r6i b~m
70
OK. K~ ti~p nh~p vito Him t~i g6c toa do r6i b~m OK. Xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Arc by end
KPs & Radius" , nhap 110 vito 6 RAD (ban kinh vong chia), b~m OK.
X6a cac line kh6ng dn thi~t, chi gifr cac line lien quan d~n ding:
COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Modeling~Delete~Line and Below. Nh~p
chon t~t Cel. cac line du thua r6i b~m OK.
T~o area duQ'c bao quanh boi cac cung tron tren:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Areas ~ Arbitrary ~ By
Lines. Nh~p h~t cac cung tron r6i b~m OK. Thi area duQ'c t~o ra nhu hinh 3.61.a
Nhi~m V\l k~ ti~p la chung ta se l~p d~y 30 area d~ng ding cho Cel. banh ding:
COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Modeling~Copy~Areas. Nh~p vao area vua
t~o r6i b~m OK thi hOp tho~i "Copy Areas" xu~t hi~n, nhap 30 vao 6 IT/ME (s6 ding) va 12
vao 6 DY (g6c m6i ding cach xa nhau).
/\N
AD" 200$
......
01::' ; :11
a) b)
Hinh 3.61
T~o circle area c6 duang kinh ngoai la 220 va duang kinh trong la 176 mm:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create~Areas~Circle~
Annulus. Sau d6 xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Annular Circular Area" nhap vao cac chi s6 sau: WP X
= 0, WP Y = 0, RAD-J = 110, RAD-2 = 17612 r6i b~m OK.
Sau d6 cong cac area l~i vai nhau :

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Operate ~ Booleans ~ Add ~
Areas. Sau d6 xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Add Areas" ta chon Pick All r6i b~m OK. DuQ'c bi~u di~n
nhu hinh 3.62.a
T~o keypoint nhu sau:
71
COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Modeling~Keypoints~ In Active Cs. Nhap

vito hOp tho~i "Create Keypoint in Active Coordinate System" cac s6li~u sau: (0, 0, -60).
B~m vao nut Isomatric View (2l d~ chon huang nhin 3D.
T~o line gifra keypoint vua t~o va keypoint Him tren:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Lines ~ Lines ~ Straight Line.
Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i ""Nh~p vao keypoint Him va keypoint vua t~o a tren. DuQ'c nhu hinh
3.62.b
J\N
.o\oI?R .4, ZOOI
10: :0. 10,':;"; : 0.
17..
) (x
line vua t~o
a) b)
Hinh 3.62
T~o volume cho area vai chi~u day la do dai cua line vua t~o:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Operate ~ Extrude ~ Along Lines.
Nh~p vao area r6i b~m OK. Nh~p vao line vua t~o r6i b~m OK.
J\N
Hinh 3.63
D~ d~ dang cho vi~c t~o kh6i khac nen se di chuy~n volume ra xa b~ng cach th\Ic hi~n:
72
COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Modeling~Move / Modifj;~ Volume. Nh~p

vao volume sau d6 hOp tho~i "Move Volumes" xu~t hi~n, ta nhap gia tri -200 vao 6 DZ.
B~m vao nut Front View Bl d~ chon huang nhin 2D.
T~o hai circle area:

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create~Areas~Circle~
Annulus. Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Annular Circular Area" nhap vao cac chi s6:
AREA 1: AREA 2:
Nhap wp x=o NhapWPX=O
wpy=o WP Y= 13212
RAD-1 = 17612 RAD-1 = 10
RAD-2 = 7512 RAD-2 = 0
R6i b~m Apply. R6i b~m OK.
Copy 8 circle area ban kinh 10mm xung quanh g6c toa do:
COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Modeling~Copy~Areas. Nh~p vao circle
area ban kinh 10mm r6i b~m OK thi hop tho~i "Copy Areas" xu~t hi~n, nhap 8 vao 6 IT/ME
(s6 ding) va 360/8 vao 6 DY (g6c m6i ding cach xa nhau).
Trir cac area vai nhau:

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Operate ~ Booleans ~ Subtract ~
Areas. Chon circle area Ian r6i b~m OK. Sau d6 chon 8 circle area nh6 r6i b~m OK. Nhu
hinh 3.64.a
11 : ~ jlO I
a) b)
Hinh 3.64
B~m vao nut Isomatric View c:v d~ chon huang nhin 3D.
73
Dung cach quet wang W nhu volume hinh ding d~ quet area hinh trcm Ian co do day la 21mm.
Nhu hinh 3.64.b.
D~ d~ dang cho vi~c t~o kh6i khac nen cling se di chuy~n volume tren ra xa:
vao volume sau do hop tho~i "Move Volumes" xu~t hi~n, ta nhap gia tri -150 vao 6 DZ.
B~m vao nut Front View ('jl d~ chon huang nhin 2D.
T~o mot circle area:

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Areas ~ Circle ~
Annulus. Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Annular Circular Area" nhap vao cac chi s6: WP X = 0, WP Y
= 0, RAD - 1 = 7512, RAD - 2 = 4512. R6i b~m OK.
T~o mot rectangle area d~ t~o 16 then:

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Areas ~ Rectangle ~ By
2 Corners. Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Rectangle by 2 Corners" nhap vao cac chi s6: WP X = -7,
WP Y=48 -4512, Width = 14, Height = -10.
Trir cac area vai nhau:

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Operate ~ Booleans ~ Subtract ~
Areas. Chon area vang tran r6i b~m OK. Sau do chon rectangle area r6i b~m OK.
Dung cach quet tuang W d~ quet area tren co do day la 70mm. Nhu hinh 3.65.
Hinh 3.65
Di chuy~n cac volume l~i dung vi tri (d6i xung qua m~t ph~ng oxy)
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Move / Modifj; ~ Volume.
Volume hinh ding: DZ = 200+6012.
Volume hinh co 8 16 : DZ = 150+2112.
Volume co then: DZ = 7012.
74
Cong cac kh6i l~i vai nhau:

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Operate ~ Booleans ~ Add
~ Volume. Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Add Volumes", nh~p Pick All.
J\N
Atl''' 1 200e
U : %S:Z'1'
Hinh 3.66
Di chuy~n volume ra xa:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Move / ModifY ~ Volume. Nh~p
vao volume sau d6 hOp tho~i "Move Volumes" xu~t hi~n, ta nhap gia tri -200 vao 6 DZ.
Ti~n hanh vi~c bo cac cung trcm va vat c~nh (6' day chi bo va vat cac c~nh di~n hinh, con
nhfrng c~nh khac lam tuang W): trnac tien chuy~n m~t ph~ng lam vi~c ki~u toa do Cartesian.
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ WorkPlane ~ WP Settings. Chon Cartesian r6i b~m OK.
Xoay m~t ph~ng lam vi~c tr6' thanh m~t ph~ng oyz:
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ WorkP lane ~ Offset WP by Increments. Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i
"Offset WP", keo thanh cuon do Ian g6c xoay b~ng 900 I...r ..J..!JI, va k~ ti~p nh~p vao nut
I t) +YI, thi m~t ph~ng lam vi~c se xoay di mot g6c 90 0
nguqc chi~u kim d6ng h6.
T~o cac keypoint:

COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Modeling~Keypoints~ In Active Cs. Nhap
vao hOp tho~i "Create Keypoint in Active Coordinate System" cac s6li~u sau:
KP-l: (2112, 17612,0). KP-5: (6012,25612,0).
KP-2: (2112+5, 17612,0). KP-6: (6012-2,256/2,0).
KP-3: (2112+5,17612-5,0). KP-7: (6012,25612-2,0).
KP-4: (2112, 17612-5,0).
T~o line gifra cac KP tren:
75
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Create ~ Lines ~ Lines ~ Straight

Line. Sau d6 nh~p thea thu w:
KP-I vai KP-2 ; KP-I vai KP-4 ; KP-5 vai KP-6 ; KP-6 vai KP-7 ; KP-7 vai KP-5
T~o circle line:

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Create ~ Lines ~ Arcs ~ By End
KPs & Rad Nh~p KP-2 va KP-4 r6i b~m OK, k~' ti~p nh~p KP-3 r6i b~m OK. Xu~t hi~n hop
tho~i "Arc by end KPs & Radius", nhap 5 vao 6 RAD (ban kinh vong tron bo), b~m OK.
T~o 2 area gifra cac line tren:

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Areas ~ Arbitrary ~ By
Lines. Nh~p hai l~n vao cac duang th~ng khep kinh hai area, sau d6 ta c6 2 area nhu hinh
3.67.
I\N
...... 2001):
li,a"hOD
Hinh 3.67
Xoay m~t ph~ng lam vi~c tr6' v~ nhu cli:

COMMAND: Utility Menu~ WorkPlane~Offset WP by Increments. Sau d6 xu~t hi~n hOp
I I
tho~i "Offset WP", nh~p vao nut Y- G thi m~t ph~ng lam vi~c se xoay di mot g6c 90 cung
chi~u kim d6ng h6.

T~o 2 keypoint tuqng trnng cho tll)C z. Doc gia wt~o sao cho chung thuoc tll)C z cua M toa do
lam vi~c.
T~o volume d~ng tron xoay b~ng cach xoay 2 area tren quanh tll)C z:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Operate ~ Extrude ~ Areas ~
About Axis. Nh~p 2 area r6i b~m OK sau d6 nh~p vao 2 keypoint tuqng trnng cho tll)C Z r6i
b~m OK. Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Sweep Areas about Axis", nhap 360 vao 6 ARC, b~m OK.
76
Cac volume t~o ra la rieng Ie, dn gop chung l~i thanh 2 volume duy nh~t:
COMMAND: MainMenu~Preprocessor~Modeling ~ Operate ~ Booleans ~ Add~
Volume. Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Add Volumes", nh~p chon cac volune dn cong, b~m OK.
L~y d6i xung cac volume vua t~o qua m~t ph~ng oxy:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Reflect ~ Volumes. Nh~p cac
volume sau do b~m OK, xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Reflect Volumes", chon m\lC X-Y Plane, b~m OK.
Di chuy~n volume co d~ng hinh ding v~ ch6 cli:

vao volume co d~ng hinh ding sau do hop tho~i "Move Volumes" xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri 200
vao aDZ.
Trn volume co d~ng hinh ding vai cac volume d~ng hinh tam giac.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Operate ~ Booleans ~ Subtract
~ Volume. Sau do xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Subtract Volumes", nh~p chon cac volune dn cong,
b~m OK.
Cong volume co d~ng hinh ding vai cac volume co cung trcm.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Operate ~ Booleans ~ Add
~ Volume. Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Add Volumes", nh~p chon Pick All, b~m OK.
I\N
At''' .. 2008
1.711'S; 1 '
a) b)
Hinh 3.68
77
II. T~O MO HINH VOl SV GUlP DO CVA cAc PHAN MEN CAD.
Ngoai kha nang dE> hoa thi ANSYS con c6 kha nang lien k~t vai cac chuang trinh CAD khac.
Khi t~o mot mo hinh phuc t~p ben ANSYS thi t6n kha nhi~u thai gian va cong do~n vi yay doi
khi cling phai nha d~n SlJ giup dO' cua cac ph~n m~m CAD.
ANSYS c6 th~ lien k~t vai cac ph~n m~m CAD thong qua cac ki~ufile tuang ung sau:
BQ phan rnern CAD Kieufile

CATIA V4 .model ho~c .dlv
CATIA V5 .CATPart ho~c .CATProduct
Pro/ENGINEER .prt
Unigraphics .prt
Parasolid .x t ho~c .xmt txt
- -
Solid Edge .x t ho~c .xmt txt

- -
Solid Works .x t -
AutoCAD .sat
Mechanical Desktop .sat
SAT .sat
Solid Designer .sat
Bang 3.1
ANSYS c6 th~ lien k~t vai kha nhi~u ph~n m~m CAD thong d\lllg hi~n nay. Tuy nhien, 6 day
chi giai thi~u cac b~n cach kien k~t vai hai ph~n m~m thong d\lllg va duQ'c dung kha rong rai
tren thi trnang d6la CATIA V5 va AutoCAD 2004
1) T~o rno hinh trong CATIA V5R17 va chuy~n dfr li~u sang ANSYS.
Ve mo hinh banh rang vai kich thuac gi6ng nhu vi d\l 6 ph~n I da duQ'c trinh bay
6 tren.
Kh6i dong chuang trinh CATIA VSR17 thea duang d~n:
Start~All Programs~CATIA P3 ~CATIA P3 VSR17. Sau khi kh6i dong ta duQ'c man hinh:
Bl CA TlA V5 ~LQJr8J
2tart ENOIIIA 1/5 Eile ~dit ~iew [nsert lools ~indow t:!elp
IAutomciJl Auto 3 J Auto 3to iJJAutiJJAut:]'lon ij g! "
Hinh 3.69
78
Chon moi truang "Part Design":

Start (trong CATIA) ~Mechanical Design~Part Design. Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "New Part",
b~m OK thi giao di~n cua moi "Part Design" nhu hinh 3.70.
Hinh 3.70
Chon m~t ph~ng yz Plane tren diy thu m\lC r6i b~m vao l~nh Sketcher ~ tren thanh cong C\l
Sketcher d~ vao moi truang ve phM.
Ve hai duang trcm b~t ky co Him t~i g6c toa do (Him btmh ding) b~ng l~nh Cricle 8
tren
thanh cong C\l Projlie. Dinh kich thuac hai duang trcm do thanh hai vang tran chan va mnh
ding vai M.n kinh ra=128mm va rrllOmm b~ng l~nh Constrain .Ell tren thanh cong C\l
Constrain.
Dung l~nh Axis tren thanh cong C\l Projlie d~ ve mot duang tf\lC di qua g6c toa do (tam
M.nh ding) va co chi~u th~ng dung. Dinh kich thuac duang tf\lC b~ng M.n kinh vang ca So'
b~ng l~nhconstrain EbJ
tren thanh cong C\l Constrain b~ng cach nhap vao 0 gia tri la
120mm*cos(20deg). Nhu hinh 3.71.a.
Copy duang tf\lC tren thanh 4 duang tf\lC xoay xung quanh tam tam banh ding nhu hinh
3.71.b. Nh~p vao duang tf\lC sau do dung l~nh Rotate f2 tren thanh cong C\l Operation thi
xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Rotate Definition", k~ ti~p nh~p vao tam banh ding r6i nhap cac gia tri
sau, r6i b~m OK:
Duplicate-Instance(s)=3
Angle-Value= lO o
79
\ I
\ \ \ I
I l1 2.763
, , , , 'V
" \ \ \ I
" \ I \
,,\ 1\
a) b)
Hinh 3.71
I , , ,
Dung l~nh Axis i de ve cac duang thang vuong g6c vai bon duang vua t~o a tren, dung
l~nh Constrain EJ] d~ dinh kich thuac:
Duang thu nh~t: 20.93mm*cos(20deg) ::::: 19.668mm.
Duang thu hai: 2*20.93mm*cos(20deg) ::::: 39.336mm.
Dung l~nh Spline NItren thanh cong C\l Profile d~ ve n6i ti~p tu cac di~m d~u mut cua cac
duang th~ng tren thi duQ'c duang than khai. Dung l~nh Quick Trim (/ tren thanh cong C\l
Operation d~ c~t nhfrng ph~n du thua cua duang spline so vai 2 vang tran chan va dinh rang
Copy duang than khai tren xoay xung quanh tam tam banh rang (tim buac banh rang). Nh~p
vao duang than khai sau d6 nh~p dung l~nh Rotate C thi xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Rotate
Definition", k~ ti~p ta nh~p vao tam banh rang r6i nhap cac gia tri sau r6i b~m OK:
Duplicate-Instance(s)=l
Angle-Value=12
80
Hinh 3.72
Dung l~nh Cricle 8 ve vong tron chia co M.n kinh ra=120mm co Him t~i Him banh ding.
Dung l~nh quick trim {} tren thanh cong C\l Operation d~ c~t nhfrng ph~n du thua ben ngoai
gifra duang than khai thi duQ'c mot cung tron.
Nh~p vao l~nh Equidistant Points L tren thanh cong C\l Profile sau do nh~p vao cung tron
vua t~o, nhap gia tri 4 vao 0 "New points" cua hOp thoai "Equidistant Points Definition"d~ t~o
ra 4 point a gifra 2 d~u mut cua cung tron tren.
I
Dung l~nh Axis i d~ ve cac duang th~ng n6i gifra point thu nh~t tu trai qua va tam banh
ding d~ lam tf\lC d6i xung.
Dung l~nh Quick Trim {} tren thanh cong C\l Operation d~ c~t nhfrng duang du va point
khong dn thi~t, nh~p vao nhfrng rang buoc r6i click phai chuot d~ Hide/Show chung di va
duQ'C th~ hi~n nhu hinh 3.73.a
81
a) b)
Hinh 3.73
Nh~p vao duang than khai sau do nh~p dung l~nh Rotate thi xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "Rotate
.-;to.
Definition", nh~p vao tam ba.nh ding r6i nhap ca.c gia tri sau r6i b~m OK:
Duplicate-Instance(s) = 29
Angle-Value = 12
Dung l~nh Cricle 8 ve vang tran co duang kinh d=176mm co tam t~i tam banh ding. Bien
d~ng nhu hinh 3.73.b.
B~m vao l~nh Exit Workbench cl:J tren thanh cong C\l Workbench
d~ thoM kh6i chuang trinh Sketcher (ve phM) va tr6' l~i moi trnang
"Part Design".
Nh~p vao l~nh Pad ~ tren thanh cong C\l Sketch-Based Features
d~ t~o kh6i tu bien d~ng da co . Nh~p vao 0 Mirrored Extend r6i
nhap vao gia tri 30 t~i 0 Length trong hOp thoai "Pad Definition"
r6i b~m OK thi kh6i duQ'c t~o nhu hinh 3.74.
Hinh 3.74
Chon m~t ph~ng yz Plane tren cay thu m\lC r6i b~m vao l~nh Sketcher ~ tren thanh cong C\l
Sketcher d~ vao moi trnang ve phM nhu cu.
Dung l~nh Cricle 8 ve hai vang tran co duang kinh d=176mm va d=75mm co tam t~i tam
banh ding va mot vang tran co duang kinh d=20mm co tam n~m tren tf\lC y va cach tf\lC x mot
82
khoang la 66mm. Nh~p vao duang trcm d=20mm r6i nh~p vao l~nh Rotate 0 thi xu~t hi~n
hop tho~i "Rotate Definition", nh~p vao Him banh ding r6i nhap cac gia tri:
Duplicate-Instance(s) = 7
Angle-Value = 45
B~m vao l~nh Exit Workbench clJ tren thanh cong C\l
Workbench d~ thoat kh6i chuang trinh Sketcher va tr6' l~i
moi trnang "Part Design".
Nh~p vao l~nh Pad tren thanh cong C\l Sketch-Based

Features d~ t~o kh6i tu bien d~ng da co. Nh~p vao 0
Hinh 3.75 Mirrored Extend r6i nhap vao gia tri lO.5mm t~i 0 Length
trong hOp thoai "Pad Definition" r6i b~m OK thi kh6i
duQ'c t~o nhu hinh 3.75.
Chon m~t ph~ng yz Plane tren diy thu m\lC r6i b~m vao l~nh Sketcher ~ tren thanh cong C\l
Sketcher d~ chung ta vao moi trnang ve phat nhu cu.
Dung l~nh Cricle 8 ve hai vang tran co duang kinh d=75mm va d=45mm co Him t~i Him
banh ding
Dung l~nh Centered Rectangle c:::J d~ ve hinh chfr nhat theo Him vai Him n~m tren tf\lC y va
cach tf\lC x mot khoang 20.5mm, co chi~u cao lOmm va chi~u dai 14mm. Sau do dung l~nh
Quick Trim () tren thanh cong C\l Operation d~ c~t nhfrng duang du khong dn thi~t, chi d~
l~i hinh d~ng 16 va then.
a) b)
Hinh 3.76
83
B~m vito l~nh Exit Workbench clJ tren thanh cang C\l Workbench d~ thoat kh6i chuang trinh
Sketcher (ve phat) va tr6' l~i mai trnang "Part Design" .
Nh~p vao l~nh Pad tren thanh cang C\l Sketch-Based Features d~ t~o kh6i tu bien d~ng da
t!J
co . Nh~p vao a Mirrored Extend r6i nhap vao gia tri 35.5 t~i a Length trong hOp thoai "Pad
Definition" r6i b~m OK thi kh6i duqc t~o nhu hinh 3.76.a.
Dung l~nh Edge Fillet ~ va l~nh Chamfer tren thanh cang C\l Dress-Up Features d~
vat c~nh va bo trcm cac cung, rna hinh nhu hinh 3.76.b.
Save rna hinh vua t~o b~ng ki~u file *.CATPart .
Import file *.CATPart vua t~o vao ANSYS.

Kh6'i dong chuang trinh ANSYS, thvc hi~n thea duang d~n:
Utility Menu~Import~CATIA V5. Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "ANSYS CATIA V5 Import" nhu
hinh 3.77.
duang d~n d~n fil e *. CATPart vua t~o

~ ANSYS CATIA V5 Import (8]
I I( ATIA V5 file to use for the import process .*~
lr - - - - - - - - - :? I Bro
Import Options - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
r Allow model defeaturing .
I
Geometry type Solids ~ +--- ki~u hinh hoc
OK Cancel Help
Hinh 3.77
Trong a Geometry type (ki~u hinh hoc) dung d~ Ivc chon d6i tuqng d~ import g6m:
+ SOLIDS: chi cac kh6i, tuang W nhu volume ben ANSYS (m~t dinh).
+ SURF ACES : chi cac m~t, tuang W nhu area ben ANSYS .
+ WIREFRAME: chi cac duang, tuang W nhu line ben ANSYS.
+ ALL: t~t Cel. cac d6i tuqng.
Sau khi import xong, thvc hi~n them l~nh sau, thvc hi~n thea duang d~n
Utility Menu~PlotCtrls~Style~Solid Model Facets. Sau do chon Nomal Facting trong
hOp thoai "Solid Model Facets", b~m OK.
84
2) T~o rno binb trong AutoCAD 2004 va cbuy~n dfr li~u sang ANSYS
Ve cac duang trcm yang dinh:

Command: c J CIRCLE
SpecifY center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)): @J
SpecifY radius of circle or [Diameter}: 128 J
Ve yang tran ca sa:

Command: c J CIRCLE
SpecifY radius of circle or [Diameter} <128.0000>: 'calJ
Expression: 120*cos(20)
112.763
Ve cac duang tran yang day:

Command: c --CIRCLE
SpecifY radius of circle or [Diameter}: 110 J
Ve duang th~ng OA nhu hinh 3.78.

Command: I JLINE
SpecifY .first point: nhdp ch9n diJm tam (0) J
SpecifY next point or [Undo}: (r6i nhdp ch9n diJm A) J
SpecifY next point or [Undo}: J
Sao chep duang th~ng OA thanh thanh 5 duang cach nhau 10

Command: -ar J
Select objects: 1 found: ch9n du:emg thiing OAJ
Select objects: Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar} <R>: pJ
SpecifY center point of array or [Base}: ch9n tam (O)J
Enter the number of items in the array: 5 J
SpecifY the angle to.fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: 40J
Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No} <Y>:J
85
Hinh 3.78
Ve duang than khai: (xem hinh 3.79)

Command: calJ
Expression: a=pi*240*cos(20)l36J
19.6809
Command: pI J PLINE
SpecifY start point: (nhdp ch9n diJm P 1) J
Current line-width is 0.0000
SpecifY next point or [ArclHaljWidthILengthIUndolWidth}: 'calJ
Expression: int+[a<10} J
Select entity for INT snap: (nhdp ch9n diJm P 2)J
(-0.19923 114.4680.0)
SpecifY next point or [ArciCloseIHaljWidthILengthIUndolWidth}: 'calJ
Expression: int+[2*a<20} J
(-1.57931 119.4250.0)

> > Select entity for INT snap: (nhdp ch9n diJm P 4) J
(-5.24914127.177 0.0)
(-12.177 136.984 0.0)
SpecifY next point or [ArciCloseIHaljWidthILengthIUndolWidth}: J
86
Hinh 3.79
Keo dai duang than khai d~n yang tran day:

Command: ex J EXTEND
Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None
Select boundary edges ...
Select objects: (ch9n von tron day)
Select objects: J
Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo}: (ch9n du:emg than khai)
Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or [Project/Edge/Undo}: J
Lam tran duang than khai:

Command:peJ PEDIT
Select polyline or [Multiple}: (ch9n du:emg than khai)
Enter an option [Close/JoinlWidth/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltypegen/Undo}: sJ
Enter an option [Close/JoinlWidth/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltypegen/Undo}: J
Xen ph~n du ngoai yang dinh:

Command: tr J TRIM
Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None
Select cutting edges ...
Select objects: (ch9n du:emg tron vong dinh)
Select objects: J
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo}: (ch9n du:emg than khai)
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo}: J
Sao chep them mot duang than khai k~ ti~p ben trai:
Command: -ar J -ARRAY
Select objects: ( ch9n du:emg than khai) J
87
Select objects: Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar} <R>: pJ

SpecifY center point of array or [Base}: (ch9n tam 0)
Enter the number of items in the array: 2 SpecifY the angle to.fill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>: 12J
Ve duang trcm vang chia:

Command: c J CIRCLE
SpecifY radius of circle or [Diameter}: 120
Su d\lllg l~nh Trim d~ xen ph~n du vang chia, va vang chia can l~i nhu hinh 3.80
Chia ph~n can l~i vang chia thanh hai do~n b~ng nhau:
Command: br J BREAK
Select object: mid of J (ch9n diJm gifra cung)
SpecifY second break point or [First point}: end ofJ (ch9n ddu ben trai cua cung)
D6i xung bien d~ng ding d~u tien qua duang th~ng n6i gifra di~m Him va di~m gifra cung vua
m6i phM sinh. (sau d6 bien d~ng ding th~ hi~n nhu hinh 3.80)
Command: MIRROR
Select objects: (ch9n du:emg than khai ddu tien).
Select objects: SpecifY .first point of mirror line: (ch9n tam 0)
SpecifY second point of mirror line: (ch9n tam ch9n diJm gifra cung trem vita tqo)
Delete source objects? [Yes/No} <N>:J
~:::: I
I
Hinh 3.80
Su d\lllg l~nh Erase va l~nh Trim d~ x6a cac ph~n du thua. Dung l~nh Pedit d~ t~o cac duang
rieng Ie thanh mot duang duy nh~t (nhu hinh 3.81).
1\Hinh 3.81
88
L~p d~y btmh ding (nhu hinh 3.82a):

Command: -ar J -ARRAY
Select objects: (ch9n bien dqng rang) J
Select objects: Enter the type of array [Rectangular/Polar} <P>: pJ
SpecifY center point of array or [Base}: (ch9n tam 0) J
Enter the number of items in the array: 30 SpecifY the angle tofill (+=ccw, -=cw) <360>:J
000
o (Q) 0
o 0
a) b)
Hinh 3.82
Dung cac l~nh Circle, Line, Offset, Trim d~ ve duQ'c maya va cac dinh nhu hinh 3.82.b.
V6'i bien d~ng 2D nhu vay thi chi dn dung l~nh Extude, Subtract, Intersect, Union, Chamfer,
Fillet thi co th~ tao kh6i 3D cho banh ding nhu hinh 3.83
Hinh 3.83
T~o file*.satb~ng cach nhu sau:

File ~ Export.
Thi cua sf> "Export Data" xu~t hi~n
89
Nhap ten cho aFile name

Chon A CIS (sat) trong aFiles of type.
Chon nai luu tm trong bo nh6 may r6i b~m Save.
Sau d6 chon kh6i banh ding r6i b~m Enter.
Khai dong chuang trinh ANSYS, sau d6 th\Ic hi~n thea duang d~n:
Utility Menu~Import~SAT ... Xu~t hi~n hOp tho~i "ANSYS Connection for SAT' nhu hinh
3.84. Chon duang d~n t6ifile*satvua t~otrongAutoCAD, b~m OK
ANSYS Co n nectio n fo r SAT
File Name Directories: OK

IDrawing1 .sat c: \. .. \owner\desktop
Cancel
Be:\
127 Documents and S, Help
127 owner
f3 Desktop
o New Folder
o TUH

IPart File (".sat) 3 llac 3 Network...
Geometry Type:
r Allow Defeaturing ISolids Only
Hinh 3.84
Sau khi import xong thi th\Ic hi~n:

Utility Menu ~ P lotCtrls ~ Style ~ Solid Model Facets. Chon Nomal F acting trong hOp thoai
"SolidModel Facets". R6i b~m OK, thi rna hinh ta c6 nhu hinh 3.85
AREAS J\N
MAY 31 2008
TIPE NUM
18 : 00 : 53
GEA R {Banh rang) - TS. PElH
Hinh 3.85
90
Chu:cmg 4 Ung dl;lng ANSYS vao bai toan ddm - khung
lfNG DUNG
. ANSYS VAG
, ,
BAITOAN
'A
DAM-KHUNG
I. DAM.
Cho mot thanh d~m 2D chiu tac d\lllg nhu hinh 4.1. Cho E=2.1x109N/m2
Hinh 4.1
1) Hay ve bi~u dE> h,rc c~t Qy va moment M z .

2) Xac dinh chuy~n vi th~ng cua m~t c~t qua d~u F.
3) Tim ung su~t Ian nh~t trong d~m.
91
A. Giai b~ng Sue b~n v~t li~u:

1) Bi~u dE> Qy va momentMz duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh 4.2
2) Dung phuang phap nhan bi~u dE> Verexaghin d~ tim chuy~n vi cho bai toan nay (xem hinh
4.2 va bang 4.1).
F = b x h = 0.1 x 0.2 = 0.02 m2
bxh 3 0.lx(0.2)3 0.0008 8x10-4 4
J =--= = = m
x 12 12 12 12
100N/m
1-----1 200N
t--------1 100N
@
G
fsJ6
Hinh 4.2
i OJi t OJit
J
1 100 N.m" 1114 m -100114 N.m
3
2 100 N.m 2 2121 m -200121 N.m
3
3 150 N.m 2 217m 30017 N.m
3
4 300 N.m 2 317 m -90017 N.m
5 100/3 N.m 2 5/8 m -500124 N.m'
6 150 N.m 2 9114 m -1350114 N.m'
92
3
7 350 N.m 2 17121 m -1700/6 N.m
8 200/3 N.m
2
6/7m -400/7 N.m 3
3
9 50N.m 2 19121 m 950121 N.m
2 3
10 100/6 N.m 3/4 m 100/8 N.m
1 10 21100
YF=-LOJj; - ::::: -0.003588 m
EJx i=1 42EJx
Bang 4.1
Th~y r~ngYF mang d~u am vi vay chi~u chuy~n vi nguO'c chi~u vai huang h,rc gia t~o PI (YF
huang len thea tll)C y).
3) =(Mx)max y =350x12xO.1=52.5x104N/m2
O"max J max 8 X 10-4
x
B. Giai b~ng ANSYS

1. ChQn ki~u bili to an
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preferences.
Cua sf> "Preferences for GUI Filtering' xu~t hi~n.
Chon Structural, b~m OK.

a) T~o keypoint.
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Keypoints ~ In Active Cs.
Cua sf> "Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate System" xu~t hi~n.
KPNo. X Y
1 0 0
2 1 0
3 4 0
4 5 0
5 7 0
6 8 0
Bang 4.2
B~m OK.
a) T~o line.
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Lines ~ Lines ~ Straight
Line.
93
Cua s6 "Straight Line" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
T~o cac line tu cac keypoint nhu trong bang 4.3:
Line No. Keypoint
1 1&2
2 2&3
3 3&4
4 4&5
5 5&6
Bang 4.3
3. Nh~p tinh ch~t v~t li~u:

Cua s6 "Define Material Model Behavior" xu~t hi~n.
Isotropic Properties forMaterials Number 1".
Nhap vao cac gia tri EX = 2.1e9 va PRXY = O.
T~t cac cua s6.
4. Roo r~c hoa d8i tlf(}'ng khao sat.

a) Chon ki~u ph~n tu.
Cua s6 "Element Types" xu~t hi~n
dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon Beam r6i chon 2D elastic 3, chon OK.
Cua s6 "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu nh~t la BEAM3.
B~m Close.
b) Nhap cac thong sf> hinh hoc.

Cua s6 "Real Cons tans" xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p vao Add lam su~t hi~n cua s6 "Element Type for Real Constans", nh~p chon
ph~n tu BEAM3, b~m OK.
Cua s6 "Real Cons tans for BEAM3" xu~t hi~n, ta nhap cac thong sf> sau:
./ AREA = 0.02
./ IZZ = (8e-4)112
./ HEIGHT = 0.2
B~m OK, r6i b~m Close.
94
c) Dinh kich thu6t ph~n tu va chia lu6i

COMMAND: MainMenu~Preprocessor~Meshing~Mesh Tool.
Cua sf> "Mesh Tool" se xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p chon Line Set thi cua sf> "Element Size on Picked Lines" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai
man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang len (t).
Nh~p chon duang th~ngLl, L3 vaL5, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Element Sizes on Picked Lines" khac xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri 50 vao 6 NDIV
No. of element divisions, r6i b~m Apply.
Cua sf> "Element Size on Picked Lines" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n
hinh mlii ten huang len (t).
Nh~p chon duang th~ng L2, b~m OK.
No. of element divisions, b~m Apply.
hinh mlii ten huang len (t).
No. of element divisions, b~m OK.
Tren cua sf> "Mesh Toof' ta chon nut Mesh.
Cua sf> "Mesh Lines" xu~t hi~n, nh~p Pick All.
5. Nh~p di~u ki~n bien

a) Cac di~u ki~n bien v~ chuy~n vi
~ On Keypoints.
Cua sf> "Apply U ROT on KPs" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chon keypoint thu nh~t (ngay g6c toa do), b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply U ROT on
KPs" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon UX va UY trong 6 Lab2 va nhap gia tri 0 vao 6 Displacement value
Nh~p Apply.
Nh~p chon keypoint thu nam (nai c6 g6i tva), b~m OK, thi cua sf> "Apply U ROT on
Chon UY trong 6 Lab2 va nhap gia tri 0 vao 6 Displacement value
Nh~p OK.
95
b) Lvc tap trung va moment tap trung.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~Structural ~ ForcelMoment
~ On Keypoints.
Cua sf> "Apply FIM on Keypoints" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chon keypoint thu hai va thu ba, b~m OK, thi cua sf> "Apply FIM on KPs" khac
xu~t hi~n.
Chon FY trong aLab va nhap gia tri -100 vao a VALUE, nh~p Apply.
Nh~p chon keypoint thu nh~t, b~m OK, thi cua sf> "Apply FIM on KPs" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon MZ trong aLab va nhap gia tri -100 vao a VALUE, nh~p Apply.
Nh~p chon keypoint thu hai, b~m OK, thi cua sf> "Apply FIM on KPs" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon MZ trong aLab va nhap gia tri 400 vao a VALUE, nh~p Apply.
Nh~p chon keypoint thu tu, b~m OK, thi cua sf> "Apply FIM on KPs" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon MZ trong aLab va nhap gia tri -200 vao a VALUE, nh~p Apply.
b) Lvc phan bE>.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Structural ~ Pressure ~ On
Beams.
1
Cua sf> "Apply PRES on E-L-K-H J\N
OCT 19 2010
Beams" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai U
21: 08: 12
F
man hinh cling xu~t hi~n PRES
100
Chon cac ph~n tu tinh tu
keypoint thu ba d~n thu sau, flllll111111111111111
b~m OK, thi cua sf> "Apply
PRES on Beams" khac xu~t
hi~n.
Nhap gia tri 100 vao a VALl,

r6i nh~p OK. Thi rna hinh
th~ hi~n nhu hinh 4.3
Hinh 4.3
96
6. Giai bili toaD

Nh~p OK tren cua sf> "Solve Current Load Step".
D~n khi nao hi~n len cua sf> "Note" la da k~t thuc qua trinh tinh toano
Nh~p Close.
7. Xu If k~t qua
a) Xem bi~u dE> noi h,rc.
Mu6n xem duQ'c bi~u dE> noi h,rc thi dn t~o bang ph~n tu (element table).
d day do chia lu6i min nen ta coi nhu noi h,rc a hai d~u ph~n tu (I va J) la g~n b~ng nhau, nen
chi dn l~y noi h,rc a d~u I.
.:. L~y Qy:
Nhap "Qy" vao 6 Lab.
Trong ph~n Item,Comp, keo thanh cuon xu6ng d~ chon m\lC By sequence num.
Trong 6 k~ ben, chon SMISC.
Trong 6 a du6i, them s6 2 vao nhu sau: "SMISC, 2."
B~m OK.
.:. L~y Mz:
Nhap "Mz" vao 6 Lab.
Trong 6 a du6i, them s6 6 vao nhu sau: "SMISC, 6."
B~m OK.
.:. Ve Qy:
COMMAND: Main Menu~General Postproc~Plot Results~Contour Plot~Line
Element Res.
Cua sf> "Plot Line-Element Results" xu~t hi~n.
Chon Qy trong hai 6 Lab! va LabJ
Nhap -3 vao 6 Fact (M s6 ti l~).
B~m OK. Thi bi~u dE> Qy th~ hi~n nhu hinh 4.4.a
97

Element Res.
Chon Mz trong hai 6 Lab! va LabJ
Nhap -3 vao 6 Fact.
B~m OK. Thi bi~u d6Mz th~ hi~n nhu hinh 4.4.b
1m: rot" UJI[ m.t."
ml-l mr.l
:$UII .1 3UB _1
Tll!!:-1 Tlll!:'_l
err (f'f Ir: Ill!
lUll --aoo IIUI "-100
twt_" tl.lll.St
a) b)
Hinh 4.4
Bi~u d6 noi h,re ve hoan toan gi6ng vai each giai b~ng ly
~ PRNSOL Command ~
thuy~t Sue b~n vat li~u.
File
b) Xem ehuy~n vi t~i d~u F eua thanh d~m. 347 -0. 36920E-03
348 -0.29518E-03 "' I
COMMAND: UtilityMenu~PlotCtrls~ Numbering. 349 -0.22123E-03
350 -0.14737E-~3
Cua sf> "Plot Numbering Controls" se xu~t hi~n. 351 -0.73623E-04
1352 0 , 35884E 02 1
Nh~p chon 6 Node numbers (NODE) tu off sang
353
354
0.73484E-04
0.14683E-03 -'
on, b~m OK. 355
~~o:;
0.22005E-03
iii ?Q~1~J;-IiI~ ~I
Ph6ng to man hinh len ngay d~u d~m thi ta th~y r~ng nut
Hinh 4.5
ngay di~m F la nut #352.

Chon Nodal Solution ~ DOF Solution ~ Y- Component of displacement.
B~m OK. Thi bang PRNSOL xu~t hi~n, tim nut #352, k~t qua ehuy~n vi theo phuangy
nhu th~ hi~n hinh 4.5.
Chuy~n vi YF ehinh xae vai each giai b~ng ly thuy~t Sue b~n vat li~u.
c) Xem ung su~t.

.:. La/..YV~rnax .'
98
Chu:cmg 4 Ung dl;lng ANSYS VaG bai toan ddm - khung

Nhap "SMAX" vao 6 Lab.
Trong 6 k~ ben, chon NMISC.
Trong 6 a duai, them s6 1 vao nhu sau: "NMISC, I."
B~m OK.
.:. Ve 0"max:

Element Res.
Chon SMAX trong hai 6 Lab! va LabJ
Nhap -3 vao 6 Fact.
.:. Xem 0"max b~ng bang:
Cua sf> "List Element Table Data" xu~t hi~n.
Chon Mz va SMAX trong 6 Lab 1-9.
B~m OK. Thi xu~t hi~n bang PRETAB. Ta th~t r~ng nut thu #251 (hinh 4.6.b) co:
./ Mz = 350 (gia tri Ian nh~t)
./ SMAX= 0.52500E+06
nil!: STIlUS J\N
mf'.1 ""'I' :s:001S
"".,
TIJIZ-l
a:letl ..
""" """
IUlf -.02S14<1
tUlJ!l_1(U
ItIX .$lSOGO
tLtft-2S1
~ PRETAB Command L8J

File
STAT CURRENT CURRENT ;..
ELEM MZ SMAX
247 157.68 0.23652E+06
248 155.82 0.23373E+06
249 153.92 0.23088E+061
. 0%5144
58333
11666'
175000
ZUlU
%9166'
350000
408333
~ 6"'"
525000
I nr U~:ii i:~~li~i:ii I v
a) b)
Hinh 4.6
99
II.KHUNG
Cho khung ABCD chiu tac d\lllg nhu hinh 4.7. Cho E=2.1 x 109N/m2
.Q=====::;:::::::('1 B
A
100N/m
1m
Hinh 4.7
1) Ve bi~u dE> noi h,rc M, Q, N
2) Tinh goc xoay t~i B.

1) Ve bi~u dE> noi h,rc
F = b x h = 0.1 x 0.2 = 0.02 m2
bxh 3 0.lx(0.2)3 0.0008 8x10-4 4
J =--= = = m
x 12 12 12 12
Day 1a bai toan sieu tlnh bac mot. Nen phai chon mot M ca ban, va M ca ban duQ'c chon nhu
hinh 4.8.a.
Vi vay phuang trinh chinh t~c co nhu sau: 0]] x X] + L1]P = 0 ~ X] = _ L1]P
0]]
Thay th~ cac g6i b~ng cac phan h,rc nhu hinh 4.8.b. Sau khi tinh cac phuang trinh can b~ng thi
ta co cac phan h,rc:
N = (400
D 3
-!3 x X ]) N
Y =(200
A 3
-~XX)
3 ]
N
A B A B
C !.t:==============~=2
tXl =1
a) b)
Hinh 4.8
100
Bi~u dE> h,rc doc va moment do tai trong gay ra duQ'c th~ hi~n tren hinh 4.9.a va 4.9.b.
Bi~u dE> h,rc doc va moment do h,rc dan vi Xl = 1 gay ra duQ'c th~ hi~n tren hinh 4.9.c va 4.9.d.
1 8 m3
0]] =-(M])x(M]) = - x -
EJx 9 EJx
3
L1 =_l_(M )x(M ) = _1000 x Nm
]F EJ ] F 9 EJ
x x
200/3 Nm
@
400/3 N 800/9Nm
a) b)
e 2/3 @ 1/3
c) d)
Hinh 4.9
Thay Xl vao bi~u thuc tinh phan h,rc thi ta co:

ND = 1100112 N ::::: 91.6 N
YA =100/6 N :::::-16.6 N
16.6Nm

42.01 Nm
a) b) c)
Hinh 4.10
2) Tinh goc xoay t~i di~m B

D~ tinh goc xoay t~i B, ta d~t mot h,rc gia t~o Mk = 1 len M ca ban (b6 di tai trong) nhu hinh
4.11.a. Bi~u dE> moment u6n do Mk gay ra trong M ca ban nhu hinh 4.11.b.
101
1/3
C Lt::::===========Q D
2/3
c) d)
Hinh 4.11
B. Giai b~ng ANSYS

Chon Structural r6i b~m OK.

a) T~o keypoint.
KPNo. X Y
1 0 0
2 1 0
3 1 -1
4 3 -1
Bang 4.4
B~mOK
a) T~o line.
Line.
102
Cua s6 "Straight Line" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Line No. Keypoint

1 1&2
2 2&3
3 3&4
Bang 4.5
3. Nb~p tinb cb~t v~t li~u:

T~t cac cua s6.
4. Roo r~c boa d8i tlf(}'ng kbao sat.

dn su d\mg.
B~m Close.
b) Nhap cac thong sf> hinh hoc

Cua s6 "Real Cons tans" xu~t hi~n
Cua s6 "Real Cons tans for BEAM3" xu~t hi~n, nhap cac thong sf> sau:
./ AREA = 0.02
./ IZZ = (8e-4)112
./ HEIGHT = 0.2
103
c) Dinh kich thuac ph~n tu va chia luai.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Mesh Tool.
Cua sf> "Mesh Toof' xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p chon duang th~ng L 1 va L2, b~m OK.
No. of element divisions, b~m Apply.
Tren cua sf> "Mesh Toof' , chon nut Mesh.

~ On Keypoints.
Nh~p Apply.
Nh~p chon keypoint thu ba va thu tu, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply U ROT on KPs" khac
xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p OK.
b) Lvc phan b6.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Structural ~ Pressure ~ On
Beams.
Cua sf> "Apply PRES on Beams" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
104
Ta chon cac ph~n tu tinh tu keypoint thu ba d~n thu tu, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply PRES
on Beams" khac xu~t hi~n.
Nhap gia tri 100 vito a VALl, nh~p OK. Thi rna hinh th~ hi~n nhu hinh 4.12.
1
E-L-K-U J\N
OCT 19 2010
u 21:21:11
PRES
100
Hinh 4.12
6. Giai bili toaD

Nh~p Close.
7. Xu If k~t qua
b) Xem phan h,rc
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ List ~ Results ~ Reaction ~ PRRSOL Command (8J
File
Solution
NODE FY
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "List Reaction Solution". 1 -16.639
52 124.96
Nh~p chon Struct force FY, b~m OK. Thi cua 102 91.681
sf> PRRSOL hi~n ra nhu hinh 4.13. K~t qua la TOTAL UALUES
UALUE 200.00
chinh xac so vai tinh b~ng Suc b~n vat li~u.
Hinh 4.13
a) Xem bi~u dE> noi h,rc.

Mu6n xem duQ'c bi~u dE> noi h,rc thi chung ta dn t~o bang ph~n tu (element table) .
:. L~y Q:
105
Nh~p vito Add lam xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Define Additional Element Table Items"
Trong 6 a du6'i, them s6 2 vao nhu sau: "SMISC, 2."
B~m OK.
.:. L~y M:
Nhap "Mz" vao 6 Lab.
B~m OK.
.:. L~y N:
Nhap "N' vao 6 Lab.
Trong 6 a du6'i, them s6 1 vao nhu sau: "SMISC, I."
B~m OK.
.:. Ve Qy:
Element Res.
Chon Qy trong hai 6 Lab! va LabJ
Nhap -1.5 vao 6 Fact (M s6 ti l~).
.:. VeMz :
Element Res.
Chon Mz trong hai 6 Lab! va LabJ
Nhap -1.5 vao 6 Fact.
106
.:. Ve N:
Element Res.
Chon N trong hai 6 Lab! va LabJ
Nhap -1.5 vao 6 Fact
B~m OK. Thi bi~u d6 N th~ hi~n nhu hinh 4.14.c
a) b) c)
Hinh 4.14
Bi~u d6 noi h,rc ve hoan to an gi6ng vai cach giai b~ng 1y thuy~t Suc b~n vat 1i~u.
c) Xem g6c xoay t~i B. ------------------
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ PlotCtrls ~ Numbering. ~ PRNSOL Command ~

Cua sf> "Plot Numbering Controls" se xu~t hi~n. File
NODE ROIZ
Nh~p chon 6 Node numbers (NODE) tu off sang on,
1 0.19412E-04
2 0 40013E 04
b~m OK. 3 0.19388E-04
4 0.1931?E-04
Sau d6 ta ph6ng to man hinh len ngay di~m B thi th~y r~ng 5 0.19198E-04
6 0.19032E-04
nut ngay di~m B 1a nut #2.
Hinh 4.15

Chon Nodal Solution ~ DOF Solution ~ Rotation vector sum.
B~m OK. Thi bang PRNSOL xu~t hi~n, tim nut #2, thi th~y k~t qua chuy~n vi theo
phuang y nhu th~ hi~n hinh 4.15.
Chuy~n vi YF chinh xac vai cach giai b~ng 1y thuy~t Suc b~n vat 1i~u.
107
III. KHUNG KHONG GIAN

Cho M khung kh6ng gian ABCD chiu tac d\lllg nhu hinh 4.16. Cho E=2.1 x 10 9 N/m 2
lOON
Hinh 4.16
1) Hay ve cac bi~u d6 noi h,rc.

2) Tinh chuy~n vi th~ng dung t~i di~m B. Bi~t ti~t di~n co moment quan tinh thea phuang
h .:: d'ung I'a J

tang = 8 x 10-4 m 4
12

1) Bi~u d6 Qccif va moment Mu6n VaMXCfdn duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh 4.17.
Ve do~n DC: xem nhu ngam t~i C, r6i ve binh thucmg.
Ve do~n CE: xem nhu bi ngam t~i E, dai h,rc 1OON t~i D v~ C thi nhan duQ'c h,rc lOON
cung vai mot moment 1OONm d~t t~i C va quay quanh tf\lC CE.
Ve do~n EA: ti~p t\lC dai h,rc lOON va moment 100Nm t~i C v~ E thi nhan duQ'c h,rc
lOON, moment 100Nm quay quanh tf\lC CE va mot moment 100Nm quay quanh tf\lC
EA (t~t ca di~u d~t t~i E).
@ @ @
lOON 100Nm
7 ~Nm
200N
C[ ~
Hinh4.17
2) Tinh chuy~n vi t~i B.

Mu6n tim chuy~n vi t~i B thi phai d~t mot h,rc gia t~o P k = 1 len di~m B d~ t~o ra tr~ng thai "k"
nhu hinh 4.18.a. Bi~u d6 moment u6n cua tr~ng thai "J(' duQ'C bi~u di~n nhu hinh 4.18.b
108
~==(j)==(k
DO ~c~ /
==P~k:l
~-- B- --------------- .
a) b)
Hinh 4.18
Sau khi co bi~u d6Mk vaMu thi th\Ic hi~n phep nhan bi~u d6:
1 100 Nm 3 4
YB =-(Mk)(M )=---:::::0.297x10 m
EJ u 24 EJ
B. Giai b~ng ANSYS

Chon Structural r6i b~m OK.

a) T~o keypoint.
KPNo. X Y Z
1 0 0 0
2 1 0 0
3 1 0 -1
4 0 0 -1
Bang 4.6
B~mOK
a) T~o line.
Line.
Cua sf> "Straight Line" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
109
Line No. Keypoint

1 1&2
2 2&3
3 3&4
Bang 4.7

T~t cac cua s6.

dn su d\mg.
B~m Close.

Cua s6 "Real Cons tans" xu~t hi~n
Cua s6 "Real Cons tans for BEAM4" xu~t hi~n, nhap cac thong sf>:
./ AREA = 0.02
./ IZZ = (8e-4)112
./ TKZ =0.2
c) Dinh kich thu6t ph~n tlr va chia lu6i

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Mesh Tool.
Cua s6 "Mesh Toof' se xu~t hi~n.
110
Nh~p chon Line Set, cua sf> "Element Size on Picked Lines" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai
mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang len (t).
Nh~p chon t~t Cel. cac line, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Element Sizes on Picked Lines" khac xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri 50 vao a NDlV
Cua sf> "Mesh Toof', chon nut Mesh.

~ On Keypoints.
Chon ALL DOF trong aLab2 va nhap gia tri 0 vao aDisplacement value.
Nh~p OK.
b) Lvc tap trung.
~ On Keypoints.
Nh~p chon keypoint thu tu, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply FIM on KPs" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon FY trong aLab va nhap gia tri -100 vao a VALUE, nh~p OK.
b) Lvc phan b6.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Structural ~ Pressure ~ On
Beams.
Ta chon cac ph~n tu tinh tu keypoint thu nh~t d~n thu hai (do~n AB), b~m OK, cua sf>
"Apply PRES on Beams" khac xu~t hi~n.
Nhap gia tri 2 va 100 vao a LKEYva VALl, nh~p OK. Thi rna hinh th~ hi~n nhu hinh
4.19
111
1
E-L-K-N J\N
OCT 19 2010
u 21:40:40
ROT
F
PRES
100
Hinh 4.19
6. Giai bili toaD

Nh~p Close.
7. Xu If k~t qua
a) Xem phan h,rc
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ List ~ Results ~ Reaction Solution
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "List Reaction Solution".
Nh~p chon Structforce FY, b~m OK, thi cua sf> PRRSOL hi~n ra nhu hinh 4.20.
~ PRRSOl Command L8J
File
NODE Fl! FY FZ Ml! MY MZ ~.

1 0.0000 200.00 0.0000 100.00 0.0000 50.000
TOTAL UALUES
UALUE 0.0000 200.00 0.0000 100.00 0.0000 50.000 ~I
v
Hinh 4.20
b) Xem bi~u dE> noi h,rc.

:. L~y Q:
112
Nhap "Q" vito 6 Lab.

B~m OK.
.:. L~y Mu:

Nhap "Mu" vao 6 Lab.
B~m OK.

.:. L~y Mx:
Nhap "Mx" vao 6 Lab.
B~m OK.
.:. Ve Q:
Element Res.
Chon Q trong hai 6 Lab! va LabJ
B~m OK. Thi bi~u d6 Qy th~ hi~n nhu hinh 4.20.a
.:. VeMu:
Element Res.
Chon Mu trong hai 6 Lab! va LabJ
Nhap -2 vao 6 Fact.
113
.:. VeMx:
Element Res.
Chon Mx trong hai 6 Lab! va LabJ
Nhap -2 vao 6 Fact
B~m OK. Thi bi~u d6Mz th~ hi~n nhu hinh 4.20.c
a) b) c)
Hinh 4.20
Bi~u d6 noi h,rc (nhin theo 3D) ve gi6ng vai cach giai b~ng ly thuy~t Suc b~n vat li~u.
c) Xem chuy~n vi th~ng dung t~i B.

COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ PlotCtrls ~ Numbering.
~ PRNSOL Command [g]
Cua sf> "Plot Numbering Controls" se xu~t hi~n.

File
Nh~p chon 6 Node numbers (NODE) tu off sang on,
NODE UY "I
b~m OK.
Ph6ng to man hinh len ngay di~m B thi ta th~y r~ng nut ngay
I ~ a~fi~ii~-a~ I - '
4 -0.27055E-06
5 -0.59181E-06 vi
di~m B la nut #2.
Hinh 4.21
COMMAND: UtilityMenu~List~Results~Nodal Solution

B~m OK. Thi bang PRNSOL xu~t hi~n, tim nut #2, thi h~y k~t qua chuy~n vi theo
phuangy nhu th~ hi~n hinh 4.21.
Chuy~n vi YF chinh xac vai cach giai b~ng ly thuy~t Suc b~n vat li~u.
114
IV. DAM CONG PRANG

Cho d~m cong ph~ng chiu tac d\lllg nhu hinh 4.22. Hay ve cac bi~u dE> noi h,rc trong thanh
Cho: E=2.1 x 109 N/m 2 . Ti~t di~n hinh chu nhat co:
b = 0.1 m
h = 0.2 m
I
i
"
, I '. ii
" .i , " .
___~r.~~1 __ ._._. __ ._.=_.0+'1"","0"",-0 N ~ A __ ~Sr.~~l. __ ._._._._._._. 100 N

1m 1m tY
A tYn
a) b)
Hinh 4.22

Thay th~ cac g6i b~ng cac h,rc nhu hinh 4.22.b.
Phuang trinh din b~ng:
Lm A = YD .2m -100Nm -100Nm(1- ~J = 0 YD = (100 - ~ J N ~ 64.6N

Lm D =YA .2m-100Nm+100Nm(1+ ~J = 0 ~ YA = -100.J2 N
4
~ -3S.3SN
LX = X A -100Nm+100Nmxcos4So = 0
X A =(100- ~JN~29.27N
Ph an h,rc Y A co gia tri am vi yay se l~y chi~u nguO'c l~i vai chi~u gia dinh.
Dung phuang phap m~t c~t ngang d~ ve bi~u dE> noi h,rc cho bai toan nay.
1 Xet dQan DC (0:::; qJ] :::; 90)
Nz] =-100NxsinqJ]-64.6NxcosqJ]
Qy] =100NxcosqJ]-64.6NxsinqJ] T~i qJ] ~S7 thi Qyl va co Mxl qrc tri
{
M x ] = 100Nm x sin qJ] - 64.6Nm x (1- cosqJ])
NQi h.re
lIS
Nz1(N) -64.6 -119.05 -100

QYl(N) 100 0 -64.4
MXl(Nm) 0 54.54 35.4
Bang 4.8
2 Xet dQan CB (90 :::; qJ2 :::; 135)
Nz2 =-100NxsinqJ2 -100NXSin(qJ2 - ;)-64.6NXCOSqJ2
QY2 =100NxcosqJ2 -64.6NxsinqJ2 +100NXC0s(qJ2 - ;)
Mx2 = 100Nm x sin qJ2 - 64.6Nm x (1- COSqJ2) + 100Nx Sin( qJ2 - ;)
NQi h.rc f/J2

90 135
Nz1(N) -100 -94.78
Qyl(N) 35.4 -45.22
MXl(Nm) 35.4 30.18
Bang 4.9
3 Xet dQan AB (0:::; qJ3 :::; 45)
NZ3 =35.35NxcoSqJ3 -29.27NxsinqJ3

QY3 =-35.35NxsinqJ3 -29.27NcoSqJ3
{
MX3 = 35.35Nm x (1- COSqJ3) + 29.27Nm x sin qJ3
f/J3
NQi ll!c
0 45
Nz1(N) 35.35 4.25
Qyl(N) -29.27 -45.22
MXl(Nm) 0 30.18
Bang 4.10
T6ng hqp l~i thi co bi~u dE> noi h,rc nhu hinh 4.23
116
35.4 N 54.5 Nm
lOON
Hinh 4.23
B. Giai b~ng ANSYS


a) T~o keypoint.
KPNo. X Y
1 -1 0
2 0 0
3 1 0
4 0 1
Bang 4.11
B~mOK
a) T~o line.
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Lines ~ Arcs ~ By End
KPs&Rad
Cua sf> "Arcs by End KPs & Rad' xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chon keypoint thu nh~t va thu tu, b~m OK. Nh~p chon keypoint thu hai (Him -
goc toa do), b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Arcs by End KPs & Rad' khac xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri 1 vao 6 RAD, b~m
Apply.
117
Cua s6 "Arcs by End KPs & Rad' xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chon keypoint thu tu va thu ba, b~m OK. Nh~p chon keypoint thu hai (Him - g6c
toa do), b~m OK.
Cua s6 "Arcs by End KPs & Rad' khac xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri 1 vao 0 RAD, b~m OK.

T~t cac cua s6.

dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon Beam, chon 2D elastic 3, chon OK.
B~m Close.
Cua s6 "Real Cons tans for BEAM3" xu~t hi~n, nhap cac thong sf> sau:
./ AREA = 0.02
./ IZZ = (8e-4)112
./ HEIGHT = 0.2
B~m OK, b~m Close.
c) Dinh kich thuat ph~n tu va chia luai.

Cua s6 "Mesh Tool" se xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p chon Line Set thi cua s6 "Element Size on Picked Lines" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai
118
Nh~p chon hai cung trcm, b~m OK.

Cua sf> "Element Sizes on Picked Lines" khac xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri 50 vito 6 NDIV
Tren cua sf> "Mesh Toof', chon nut Mesh.

~ On Keypoints.
Nh~p chon keypoint thu nh~t, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply U ROT on KPs" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon UX va UY trong 6 Lab2 va nhap gia tri 0 vao 6 Displacement value.
Nh~p Apply.
Nh~p chon keypoint thu ba, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply U ROT on KPs" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon UY trong 6 Lab2 va nhap gia tri 0 vao 6 Displacement value.
Nh~p OK.
b) Lvc tap trung.
~ On Keypoints.
Cua sf> "Apply F1M on Keypoints" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chon keypoint thu ill, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply FIM on KPs" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon FY trong 6 Lab va nhap gia tri -100 vao 6 VALUE, nh~p Apply.
Nh~p chon keypoint thu ba, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply FIM on KPs" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon FX trong 6 Lab va nhap gia tri -100 vao 6 VALUE, nh~p OK.
Nhap lvc tap trung tac d\lllg theo phuang ti~p tuy~n va hqp vao g6c toa do mot g6c 45, nhung
truac tien phai tim ra node d~ d~t lvc ti~p tuy~n nay.
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ P 10tCtrls ~ Numbering.
Nh~p chon 6 Node numbers (NODE) tu off sang on, b~m OK.
Ph6ng to man hinh thi ta th~y r~ng node #27 la nut rna dn d~t lvc ti~p tuy~n.
119
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ WorkP lane ~ Change Active CS to ~ Global Cylindrical (chon
M toa do qrc).
COMMAND: MainMenu~ Preprocessor~Modeling~Create~Nodes~Rotate Node CS
~ To Active Cs.
Cua sf> "Rotate Nodes into CS" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chon node #27, b~m OK.

~ On Keypoints.
Cua sf> "Apply F1M on Keypoints" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chon node #27, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply FIM on KPs" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon FY trong 6 Lab va nhap gia tri -100 vao 6 VALUE, nh~p OK. Thi cac di~u ki~n
bien duQ'c cho nhu hinh 4.24.
MY ;ZC2o<11
l e !L'!.) !
Hinh 4.24
6. Giai bili toaD

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Solve ~ Current LS.
Nh~p Close.
7. Xu If k~t qua
a) Xem phan h,rc
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ List ~ Results ~ Reaction Solution
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "List Reaction Solution".
120
Nh~p chon Structforce FY, b~m OK, thi cua sf> PRRSOL hi~n fa nhu hinh 4.25.
~ PRRSOL Command ~
File
NODE PI< PY MZ ~I
1 29.289 -35.355 ~,
52 64.645 vi
Hinh 4.25
b) Xem bi~u dE> noi h,rc.

:. L~y N z :
Nhap "Nz" vao 6 Lab.
Trong 6 a du6'i, them s6 1 vao nhu sau: "SMISC, I."
B~m OK.
.:. L~y Qy:
B~m OK.
.:. L~y Mx:
Nhap "Mx" vao 6 Lab.
B~m OK.
121

Element Res.
Chon "Nz" trong hai 6 Lab! va LabJ
Nhap +2 vao 6 Fact (M s6 ti 1~).
B~m OK. Thi bi~u d6 N z th~ hi~n nhu hinh 4.26.a .
:. Ve Qy:
Element Res.
Chon "Qy" trong hai 6 Lab! va LabJ
Nhap -2 vao 6 Fact.
B~m OK. Thi bi~u d6 Qy th~ hi~n nhu hinh 4.26.b
.:. VeMx:
Element Res.
Chon "Mx" trong hai 6 Lab! va LabJ
Nhap -2 vao 6 Fact.
B~m OK. Thi bi~u d6Mx th~ hi~n nhu hinh 4.26.c
a) b) c)
Hinh 4.26
Bi~u d6 noi h,rc ve hoan to an gi6ng vai cach giai b~ng ly thuy~t Suc b~n vat li~u.
122
Chu:cmg 5 Ung dl;lng ANSYS vao bai toan zmg sudt
Chu'dng 5
lfNG DUNG
. ANSYS VAG
sAl ToAN UNG SUAT
I. NGUYEN LY ST. VENANT (THE PRINCIBLE OF ST. VENANT).

Su d\mg phan tich FEM cho t~m dim h6i hai chi~u chiu tac d\mg boi ung su~t phan b6 thea
huang doc tf\lC t~i mot d~u, con d~u kia duQ'c ngam ch~t (nhu hinh 5.1) va tinh SlJ phan b6ung
su~t doc thea cac m~t c~t ngang t~i cac khoang cach khac nhau tinh tu d~u thanh co tai tac
d\mg.
a
a 10MPa
0
~ C'-l
_ ._ .- .- ._ ._ ._._ ._ .
I
'- '- '-
200mm
'- '- '- '- '- '- 0- ' - ' - '- '- '- '- '- '- '
~.
,
~.. ._.-
LlJc phan b6 thea hinh

tam gi ac
I
Hinh 5.1
Dfr li~u bai to an

D~c trung hinh hoc cua t~m:
Chi~u dai 1= 200 mm
Chi~u rong h = 20 mm
B~ day b = 10 mm
Vat li~u lam b~ng thep co:
123
E= 210Gpa = 2.1x10 5 Mpa = 2.1x105N/mm2 (m6dun dim h6i Young -

Young's modulus).
v = 0.3 (M s6 bi~n d~ng ngang - Poisson's ratio).
Di~u ki~n bien:
T~m dim h6i hai chi~u chiu tac d\mg boi mot ung su~t phan b6 theo huang doc
tf\lC t~i d~u ben phai nhu hinh 5.1, con d~u ben trai duQ'c ngam ch~t.

COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Areas ~ Rectangle ~ By 2
Corners.
Cua s6 "Rectangle by 2 Corners" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap vao cac gia tri WX = 0 , WY = 0 , Width = 200, Height = 20.
Nh~p vao nut OK thi se t~o ra mot hinh chu nhat tren man hinh ANSYS.

Nh~p d6i vao Structural, Linear, Elastic, va Isotropic lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Linear
Nhap vao cac gia tri EX= 2.1e5 vaPRXY= 0.3.
T~t cac cua s6.

a) Chon ki~u ph~n tu
dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon ph~n tu StructuralMass - Solid
Chon ki~u ph~n tu Quad 8node 82, b~m OK
Nh~p chon m\lC Option d~ lam xu~t hi~n cua s6 "PLANE82 element type options".
cho ph~n tu.
b) Chon chi~u day ph~n tU.

Cua s6 "Real Constants" xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p vao Add lam xu~t hi~n cua s6 "Element Type for ReaIConstants".
124
Nh~p chon OK d~ lam xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Real Constants Set Number 1 for PLANE82".
Nhap gia tri 10 mm vito 6 Thickness, nh~p OK.
Cua sf> "Real Constants" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i va xu~t hi~n Set l.
Nh~p Close.
c) Dinh kich thu6t ph~n tu.

COMMAND:
MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Size Cntrls ~ Manual Size ~ Global ~ Size
Cua sf> Global Element Sizes xu~t hi~n.
Nhap gia tri 2 cho 6 SIZE r6i b~m OK.
d) Chia c~nh d~u ben phai cua t~m hinh chu nhat thanh hai duang.
Trnac khi chia luai thi phai chia c~nh d~u ben phai thanh hai c~nh d~ d~t ung su~t phan bE>
hinh tam giac.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Operate ~ Booleans ~ Divide
~ Lines w/Options.
Cua sf> "Divide Multiple Lines" xu~t hi~n.

Khi d6 tren man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p len c~nh d~u ben phai, nh~p OK.
Cua sf> "DivideMultiple Lines with Options" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap gia tri 6 NDIV = 2 va RATIO = 0.5, d6ng thai chon m\lC Be modified trong 6
KEEP.
e) Chia luai.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Mesh ~ Areas ~ Free.
Cua sf> "Mesh Areas" xuat .L
J\N
ELEMENTS
hi~n. OCT 19 2010
22:00 : 08
Khi d6 tren man hinh xu~t
hi~n hinh mlii ten huang len
(t). Di chuy~n chuot va chon

hinh chu nhat thi hinh chu
nhat chuy~n tu mau xanh sang
~I I I II I I I I I I III I I I I I
mau h6ng.
Nh~p OK thi luai duQ'c t\J
dong chia nhu hinh 5.2
Hinh 5.2
125

a) Nhap di~u ki~n rang buoc a d~u ben trai:
COMMAND:
Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Structural ~ Displacement ~ On Lines.
Cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Lines" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chuot chon qmh ben trai hinh chu nhat r6i b~m OK thi cua sf> "Apply U ROT on
Lines" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon ALL DOFF trong 6 Lab2 va nh~p OK.
b) Nhap ung su~t (h,rc) phan bE> hinh tam giac cho qmh ben phai.
COMMAND:
Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Structural ~ Pressure ~ On Lines.
Nh~p vao qmh phia tren cua qmh ben phai rna da chia thanh hai qmh, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Lines" khac xu~t hi~n. Ta chon m\lC Constant value trong 6
[SEL], nhap gia tri VALUE Load PRES value = -lO(MPa) va Value = 0, b~m OK.
Lam l~i tuang W cho c~nh phia duai, nhung vai gia tri VALUE Load PRES value =
(MPa) va Value = -10.
Lvc phan bE> duQ'c bi~u di~n nhu hinh 5.3.
ELEMENTS J\N
APR 16 2008
21:48 : 26
PRES - NORM
~II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~
-10 -7.778 -5 . 556 -3.333

-8.889 -6 . 667 -4 . 444 -2.222
Hinh 5.3
5. Giai bili to an (solution procedures)

126
Xu~t hi~n cua s6 Solve "Current Load Step" nh~p OK

D~n khi nilO hi~n len cua s6 nhu hinh 5.4 la da k~t thuc qua trinh tinh toan
Nh~p Close.
~ Solution is done l
Hinh 5.4
6. Bi~u dB frng su~t

COMMAND: Main Menu~General Postproc~Plot Results~Contour Plot~Nodal
Solution.
Cua s6 "Contour Nodal Solution Data" xu~t hi~n.
Chon Stress va X-Component of stress. D6ng thai chon Deformed shape with
undeformed edge trong 6 Undisplaced shape key.
AN AN
....,
I I)lt,U $Ou;rrroW
mr-l &fR 16 200&
II ; $' ; U
II(JD AL SOLOTlO1l
mr_l
. M...':'.l.. _, _. ,_., ,_ ,__ ._,._~_
' HI 16 l(IOf
ZZ ;l1; )a
......
1'1.111:-'
'X 1"''0'(;1
t'JL'C . ()Il4D~'
......
sx
aa-.....
_ . HatH
IA"I
!JOr .o&n n
!:KX.".,aa .c .t.'"
Hinh 5.5
K~t qua cho th~y t~i vi tri cang xa vi tri h,rc tac d\lllg thi thanh ph~n ung su~t thea phuang x
cang phan bE> d~u.
7. Bi~n lu~n
Nhu hinh 5.6 cho th~y SlJ thay d6i cua phan bE> ung su~t so vai vi tri x cua ti~t di~n. T~i d~u
mut ben phai, x = 200mm, ung su~t phan bE> d~ng tam giac, b~ng 0 t~i g6c phia tren va g6c
phia duai va b~ng 10 MPa t~i duang tam cua t~m. Ung su~t phan bE> thay d6i khi x thay d6i va
tr6' nen d~u t~i x = 180 mm vai gia tri khoang 5 Mpa. K~t qua tren chinh la nguyen ly St.
Venant va duQ'C ung d\lllg trong thlJc nghi~m ho~c trong vi~c thi~t k~ cac thanh ph~n k~t duo
C\l th~, cho du ung su~t phan bE> phuc t~p t~i nhfrng vi tri rna IlJc tac d\lng do SlJ phuc t~p cua
hinh d~ng cua thi~t bi truy~n IlJc, nhung nhfrng bo phan chinh cua thanh ph~n k~t du ho~c chi
127
ti~t may t~i khoang cach nilO d~y so vai thi~t bi truy~n h,rc co th~ cho la phan b6 d~u.
20~----------~--~--------------~--~
15 x (mm)
--200
- - - - 190
_.- 100
o 5 10
Ung su~t doc tll)C, o"x (MPa)
Hinh 5.6
II. T~P TRUNG UNG SUAT DO LO ELIP
a ung su~t d.oc tll)C ()o

a
I
0
0 I
"""'11'
~
I
=:
I
~
I
. _ ._ .- .- . ._ ._ .- .- ._ ._ ._ . .+. ._ ._ . ' - ' - ' - ' - ' - ' - 0 - ' - ' - ' -
i ~
i.) ~
I ~
i
, 20mm
I
250mm I 250mm
500mm
Hinh 5.7
Mot t~m ph~ng dan h6i co mot 16 e1ip ngay tam, chiu tac d\lllg boi ung su~t keo doc tll)C 0"0
t~i mot d~u va d~u kia duQ'c ngam ch~t nhu hinh 5.7. Su d\lllg FEM d~ tinh gia tri ung su~t Ian
nh~t thea phuang ngang ()max cua t~m ph~ng dan h6i. Xac dinh M s6 tap trung ung su~t
a =O"max/O"O.
128
Dfr li~u bai to{lll

D~c trnng hinh hoc cua t~m:
Chi~u dai 1= 500 mm
B~ day b = 10 mm
L6 e1ip co ban kinh hai tll)C la 20mm va 40mm
E= 210Gpa = 2.1x10 5 Mpa = 2.1x105N/mm2 (madun dan h6i Young -
Young's modulus).
Di~u ki~n bien:
T~m dan h6i hai chi~u chiu tac d\lllg bai ung su~t keo doc tll)C 0"0 = 10 MPa t~i
d~u ben phai va d~u ben trai duQ'c ngam cung vao tucmg.

d day do t~m dan h6i d6i xung nen su d\lllg rna hinh V4 vai 16 e1ip.
a) T~o hinh chfr nhat
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Areas ~ Rectangle ~ By 2
Corners.
Cua sf> "Rectangle by 2 Corners" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap vao cac gia tri WX = 0 , WY = 0 , Width = 250, Height = 50.
Nh~p vao nut OK thi se t~o ra mot hinh chfr nhat tren man hinh ANSYS.
b) T~o hinh tron

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Areas ~ Circle ~ Solid
Circle.
Cua sf> "Solid Circular Area" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap vao cac gia tri WX = 0 , WY = 0 , Radius = 20 mm.
Nh~p vao nut OK thi se t~o ra mot hinh tron tren man hinh ANSYS.
b) T~o hinh e1ip

Giam duang kinh cua duang tron vua t~o a tren di mot nua theo phuang x b~ng cach:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Operate ~Scale ~ Areas.
Cua sf> "Scale Areas" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chuot vao hinh tron thi mau hinh tron se chuy~n tu mau xanh sang mau h6ng,
b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Scale Areas" khac xu~t hi~n.
Nhap gia tri 0.5 vao a RX, chon m\lC Areas only trong a NOELEM va chon Moved
trong a IMO VE.
129
Nh~p vito nut OK thi se bi~n d6i hinh trcm thanh hinh e1ip.
d) Trir hinh J\N

A.,'" 1"1 200S
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor %%: 4 5 : 27
~ Modeling ~ Operate ~ Booleans ~

Subtract ~ Areas
Cua s6 "Subtract Areas" xu~t hi~n,
d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n
Nh~p vao hinh chu nhat, b~m OK,
nh~p chon hinh e1ip, b~m OK.
Hinh 5.8

T~t cac cua s6.

Nh~p vao Add lam su~t hi~n cua s6 "Library of Element Types" d~ chon cac ph~n tu
dn su d\mg.
Chon ki~u ph~n tu Quad 8node 82, b~m OK.
Nh~p chon m\lC Option d~ lam su~t hi~n cua s6 "PLANE82 element type options".
cho ph~n tu.
b) Chon chi~u day ph~n tU.

130
Cua sf> "Real Constants" xu~t hi~n.

Nh~p vap Add lam su~t hi~n cua sf> "Element Type for ReaIConstants".
Nh~p chon OK d~ lam xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Real Constants Set Number 1 for PLANE82".
Nhap gia tri 10 mm vao 6 Thickness r6i nh~p OK.
Cua sf> "Real Constants" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i va xu~t hi~n Set l.
Nh~p Close.

COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Size Cntrls ~ Manual Size ~ Global
~Size
Cua sf> Global Element Sizes xu~t hi~n.

Nhap gia tri 1.5 cho 6 SIZE, b~m OK.
d) Chia lu6i
Cua sf> "Mesh Areas" xu~t hi~n. I\N
1"1 2008
Khi d6 tren man hinh xu~t hi~n
"'('I!,
22: ~ !9; ']1
hinh mlii ten huang len (t). Di

chuy~n chuot va chon hinh chu
nhat thi hinh chu nhat chuy~n tu . " , ,. .. . ..... ,

mau xanh sang mau h6ng.
Nh~p OK thi luai duQ'c W dong
~f~~~~i~~<*~~~~~~~;ri},,~
chia nhu hinh 5.9.
Hinh 5.9

a) Nhap di~u ki~n rang buoc 6' d~u ben trai va ben duai:
COMMAND:
Nh~p chuot chon c~nh ben trai cua hinh chu nhat r6i b~m OK thi cua sf> "Apply U
ROT on Lines" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon UX trong 6 Lab2 va nh~p OK.
Lam tuang W nhu tren va chon c~nh phia duai hinh chu nhat, chon UY trong 6 Lab2 va nh~p
OK.
131
b) Nhap ung su~t (h,rc) phan b6 d~u cho qmh ben phai.
COMMAND:
Cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Lines" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
mlii ten huang len (t ). ELEMENts
I\N
Nh~p vao qmh ben phai, b~m
At'n 17 200e
r('l.P:8-NOnM
21. : 53 : 0 "1
-lU
OK.
Cua so "Apply U ROT on
Lines" khac xu~t hi~n. Chon
m\lC Constant value trong 0
[SEL] , nhap gia tri VALUE
Load PRES value = -1 O(MPa) l-
va 0 Value b6 tr6ng, b~m OK.

Thi h,rc phan b6 duQ'c bi~u di~n
nhu hinh 5.10.
Hinh 5.10

Xu~t hi~n cua sf> Solve "Current Load Step" nh~p OK
D~n khi nao hi~n len cua sf> nhu hinh 5.11 la da k~t thuc qua trinh tinh toan
Nh~p Close.
Hinh 5.11

Solution.
Cua sf> "Contour Nodal Solution Data" xu~t hi~n.
132
NOOAI. :J01.Ut't NOOAL !KILU'UO

APR l ' ZOOI ,u.P. l' :00'
STlP} :ij:'t'It=1
21:$,, 42 21:'$lhO'
eue "'1 euefll
TIIG-l TIKI" }
SI( (AVO.) :lilt (AVQ.)
I\SV*""O 1'.8":''''''0
0l1X ".Ol.i"'l mo: ".Ou"J.
~N .. .634092 UMU = . 'J40'llZ
tctIx"!ii.ZH ~x5i'.nl
Hinh 5.12
7. QuaD sat Sl! thay d8i Clla phaD b8 frog su~t dQc tr\lc gAD 18 elip
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ P lotCtrls ~ Symbols ...
Cua sf> "Sympof' xu~t hi~n . HQI)4l. lIO&,UTI0N /\N
4 .. J\ 1.; zaol:!
Chon All Reactions trong ex :IT''1'-!
11118 - 1
TUU-~
22~S':58
ph~n [IPBCj Boundary

(AI/GC)
IlllYt=oO
DKX - .012" ,1
'3 4092
!1M!! " - .
condition symbol, chon
...,.
eHX ".271
Pressures trong ph~n PI+.U NOP.H

-I.
[IPSFj Surface Load
Symbols va chon Arrows
trong ph~n [IPSFj Show
pres and convect as, b~m
OK.
Hinh 5.13
Sv phan b6 phan Ivc va ung su~t doc tll)C duQ'c bi~u di~n nhu hinh 5.13. Ung su~t doc tll)C c6
gia tri Ian nh~t t~i chan 16 e1ip va giam d~n thea h~ng s6 g~n b~ng ung su~t tac d\lllg ban d~u
0"0 t~i mot s6 khoang cacho Di~u d6 c6 th~ giai thich b~ng nguyen ly St. Venant nhu da n6i a
ph~n I.
133
II. UNG SUAT D~C BIT.
a a ung su~t d.oc tll)C (lo

a a
I
0
0,........ 0
ra C'-l
._ ._ ._ ._ . ,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,1-,-,-, ._ ._ ._ ._ ._ ._ ._ ._ ._ .- =:
~
I ~
J
!
I
I
200mm .L 200mm
i
400mm
Hinh 5.14
T~m dilll h6i co v~t nut t~i Him cua no, chiu tac d\lllg cua ung su~t phan b6 d~u 0"0 t~i mot d~u,
d~u con l~i bi ngam nhu hinh 5.14. Dung phan tich FEM cho bai toan va gia tri cua h~ s6 tap
trung ung su~t t~i ch6 v~t nut.
Dfr li~u bai to an

Chi~u dai 1= 500 mm
B~ day b = 10 mm
L6 e1ip co ban kinh hai tll)C la 20mm va 40mm
E= 210Gpa = 2.1x10 5 Mpa = 2.1x105N/mm2 (modun dan h6i Young -
Young's modulus).
V~t nut:
Vuong goc vai huang h,rc tac d\lllg va co chi~u dai 20mm. Gia su bai toan bi~n
d~ng ph~ng.
Di~u ki~n bien:
T~m dan h6i hai chi~u chiu tac d\lllg boi ung su~t keo doc tll)C 0"0 = 10 MPa t~i
d~u ben phai va d~u ben trai duQ'c ngam ch~t vao tucmg.

Mo hinh V4 duQ'C SU d\lllg do tinh d6i xung cua bai toano d day su d\lllg ph~n tu suy bi~n ho~c
134
ph~n tu di~m ph~n tu d~ co th~ noi suy SlJ phan b6ung su~t t~i vung Ian can dinh cua v~t nut.
Ph~n tu "Quad 8node 82" co cac nut t~i cac goc va t~i trung di~m m6i c~nh cua ph~n tu. Tuy
nhien ph~n tu suy bi~n co di~m gifra cua c~nh ben dich chuy~n xu6ng mot khoang tu vi tri ban
d~u tai nut duQ'c d~t t~i d~u mut cua v~t nut. Day la ly do t~i sao ph~n tu suy bi~n thucmg duQ'c
gOi la ph~n tu di~m V4. ANSYS chi trang bi ph~n tu suy bi~n tam giac 2D rna khong co ph~n
tu suy bi~n tu giac 2D ho~c ph~n tu suy bi~n 3D. Xung quanh nut t~i d~u mut cua v~t nut, mot
vung di~n tich tron duQ'c t~o va duQ'c chia thanh nhfrng ph~n tu suy bi~n tam giac. M6i ph~n tu
suy bi~n tam giac co dinh d~t t~i vi tri d~u mut v~t nut va co cac di~m V4 tren hai c~nh ben n6i
vai dinh va hai nut khac.
D~ t~o ra ph~n tu suy bi~n, di~n tich t~m ph~ng duQ'c t~o thong qua cac keypoint t~i b6n goc
va t~i vi tri d~u mut cua v~t nut.
a) T~o cac keypoint

COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Keypoints ~ In Active Cs.
Nhap vao 0 NPT gia tri la 1 (ten keypoint d~u tien), va cac toa do X = 0, Y = 0, Z =
r6i b~m Apply thi cua sf> "Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate System" xu~t hi~n l~i.

Nhap vao 0 NPT gia tri la 2, va cac toa do X = 200, Y = 0, Z = r6i b~m Apply thi cua
sf> "Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate System" xu~t hi~n l~i.
Nhap vao 0 NPT gia tri la 3, va cac toa do X = 200, Y = 50, Z = r6i b~m Apply thi cua
sf> "Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate System" xu~t hi~n l~i.
Nhap vao 0 NPT gia tri la 4, va cac toa do X = 0, Y = 50, Z = r6i b~m Apply thi cua sf>
"Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate System" xu~t hi~n l~i.
Nhap vao 0 NPT gia tri la 5, va cac toa do X = 0, Y = 10, Z = r6i b~m OK.
b) T~o t~m thong qua 5 keypoint vua t~o.

COMMAND:
Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Areas ~ Arbitrary ~ Through KPs.
Cua sf> "Create Area thru KPs" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p thea thu tu tu keypoint thu 1 d~n keypoint thu 5 thea chi~u nguQ'c chi~u d6ng h6,
b~m OK.

T~t cac cua sf>.
135

Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n.
dn su d\mg.
Chon ki~u ph~n tu Quad 8node 82, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu PLANE82.
Nh~p chon m\lC Option d~ lam xu~t hi~n cua sf> "PLANE82 element type options".
Chon di~u ki~n Plane strain trong hOp thoai "Element behavior" d~ dinh tr~ng thai cho
ph~n tu thea d~ng bi~n d~ng ph~ng (bi~n d~ng thea phuang z b~ng 0).
b) Dinh kich thu6t ph~n tlr suy bi~n.

Trnac khi t~o luai, vung xung quanh di~m mlii v~t nut phai duQ'c dinh r5 cac ph~n tu suy bi~n
tam giac.
COMMAND:
MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Size Cntrls ~ Concentrate KPs ~ Create
Cua sf> "Concentration Keypoint" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chon keypoint thu 5, b~m OK, cua sf> "Concentration Keypoint" khac xu~t hi~n.
Luc nay 6 NPT c6 gia tri la 5 n6i len keypoint thu 5 dang duQ'c chon d~ lam mlii v~t
nut.
Nhap gia tri 2 vao 6 DELR d~ dinh ban kinh cho chu6i ph~n tu quanh keypoint 5.
Nhap gia tri 0.5 vao 6 RRAT d~ dinh M sf> ban kinh cua chu6i ph~n tu thu hai so vai
chu6i thu nh~t.
Nhap gia tri 6 vao 6 NTHET d~ dinh sf> IUQ'ng ph~n tu bao quanh keypoint 5 thea
huang duang trcm.
Chon m\lC Skewed J/4pt trong 6 KCTIP la do l~ch cua nut t~i gifra c~nh cua chu6i ph~n
thu thu nh~t d~n di~m V4 cua mlii v~t nut suy bi~n.
c) Dinh kich thuat chung cho cac ph~n tu.

COMMAND:
MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Size Cntrls ~ Manual Size ~ Global ~ Size
Cua sf> "Global Element Sizes" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap gia tri 1.5 cho 6 SIZE, b~m OK.
d) Chia luai.
136
Cua sf> "Mesh Areas" xu~t hi~n.

Khi do tren man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang len (t). Di chuy~n chuot va chon
hinh chu nhat thi hinh chu nhat chuy~n tu mau xanh sang mau h6ng.
Nh~p OK thi luai duQ'c W dong chiao
Mot cua sf> "Warning' hi~n len nhu hinh 5.15, d~ bao cho b~n bi~t dang co SlJ t6n t~i
cua 6 ph~n tlr suy bi~n. Nh~p Close d~ ti~p t\lC va luai duQ'c chia nhu hinh 5.16.
~ Wdrnin& ~
Shape testing revealed that 6 of the 4695 new or modified elements violate shape warning limits. To
review test results, please see the output file or issue the CHECK command.
Hinh 5.15
I\N
Mil. I t 200.
6 ph~n tu suy bi~n
Hinh 5.16

a) Nhap di~u ki~n rang buoc 0 d~u ben trai va ben duai:
COMMAND:
Nh~p chuot chon c~nh ben trai cua hinh chu nhat duQ'c giai h~n boi keypoint 4 va
keypoint 5, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Lines" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon UX trong 6 Lab2, nh~p OK.
Lam tuang W nhu tren va chon c~nh phia duai hinh chu nhat duQ'c giai h~n boi keypoint 1 va
keypoint 2, chon UY trong 6 Lab2 va nh~p OK.
b) Nhap ung su~t (llJc) phan bE> d~u cho c~nh ben phai.
137
COMMAND:
mlii ten huang len (t ). I\N
EL EMENTS
Nh~p vito qmh ben phai, b~m A.t"[l. 18 2008

11 ~ 1~ ~ '\6
pnP:fI!I - OONt
OK. -l U
Cua so "Apply U ROT on

Lines" khac xu~t hi~n. Chon
m\lC Constant value trong 0
[SEL] , nhap gia tri VALUE
Load PRES value = -10(MPa)
va 0 Value b6 tr6ng, b~m OK.
Lvc phan b6 duQ'c bi~u di~n
nhu hinh 5.17.
Hinh 5.17

Xu~t hi~n cua sf> Solve "Current Load Step", nh~p OK.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "VerifY' nhu hinh 5.18, chon Yes.
Nh~p Close.
A check of your model data produced 1 warnings,

SHOULD THE SOLV COMMAND BE EXECUTED?
Hinh 5.18

Solution.
138
...."",.,,
II(lllU:!(ILVTtttl
$X (AVG I
I\N
nil: It 2001
1':OQ 't~
.......
"",
5X (AVG I
tsn_o lnS.O
MX ,OOIlU MIt . OOIIlU,
~- , O:97~H Zl\II--.8?,U
$1IX.U.54 SIIX.. .s.a
l).US 46.6U
Hinh 5.19
Phong to khu VlJC g~n v~t nut, thi ung su~t co cucmg do r~t cao t~i d~u mut cua v~t nut va g~n
nhu b~ng khang xung quanh b~ m~t v~t nut. V~t nut co hinh d~ng parabolic.
IV. BAI ToAN UNG SUAT TIEP XUC HAl CRIEU.

Su d\lllg tinh toan FEM trong ANSYS d~ tinh cho mot tIl) dan h6i ban kinh R d~t tren t~m dan
h6i boi IlJc tac d\lllg P' duQ'c rna ta nhu hinh 5.20. Tinh ung su~t ti~p xuc trong vung Ian can
di~m ti~p xuc.
PI2
R=500mm
a a
a a
o o
oIf) oIf)
1000 mm
500mm
a) b)
Hinh 5.20
139
Dfr li~u bai to{m

D~c trnng hinh hoc cua kh6i tIl):
Ban kinh R = 1000 mm
Chi~u rong W = 1000 mm
Chi~u cao h = 500 mm
B~ day b = 10 mm
L6 e1ip co ban kinh hai tIl)C la 20mm va 40mm
Vat li~u cua kh6i tIl) va t~m ph~ng d~u lam b~ng thep co:
E= 210Gpa = 2.1x10 5 Mpa = 2.1x105N/mm2 (madun dan h6i Young -
Young's modulus).
Di~u ki~n bien:
Kh6i tIl) ep len t~m ph~ng mot h,rc P' = 1 KN/mm va t~m ph~ng duQ'C ngam a
phia duai nhu hinh 5.20.a.
Lu:u y: Cel. kh6i tIl) va t~m ph~ng co b~ day la 1 dan vi trong trnang hQ'p bai to an ung su~t
ph~ng.

Vi bai toan d6i xung so vai tIl)C Him nen su d\mg rna hinh nhu hinh 5.20.b.
a) T~o hinh chfr nhat
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Areas ~ Rectangle ~ By 2
Corners.
Cua sf> "Rectangle by 2 Corners" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap vao cac gia tri WX = 0 , WY = 0 , Width = 500, Height = -500.
Nh~p vao nut OK thi se t~o ra mot hinh chfr nhat tren man hinh ANSYS.
b) T~o kh6i tIl)

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Areas ~ Circle ~ Partial
Annulus.
I\N
Cua sf> "Part Annular Circ Area" All'''' 22 2008
1':'.:15
xu~t hi~n.
Nhap vao cac gia tri WX = 0 , WY
= 500, Rad-l = 500 mm, Theta-l
= _90 0, Rad-2 = 500 mm va Theta-
2 = 00 .
Nh~p vao nut OK thi rna hinh
duQ'C t~o nhu hinh 5.21.
Hinh 5.21
140
c) K~t hqp kh6i tIl) va t~m ph~ng.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Operate ~ Booleans ~ Glue ~
Areas.
Cua s6 "Glue Areas" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang
len(t).
Nh~p chuot chon kh6i tIl) va t~m ph~ng r6i b~m OK.

T~t cac cua s6.

dn su d\mg.
Chon ki~u ph~n tu Quad 8node 82 r6i b~m OK
Nh~p chon m\lC Option d~ lam su~t hi~n cua s6 "PLANE82 element type options".
Chon di~u ki~n Plane strain trong hOp thoai "Element behavior".
B~m OK.
Trong bai toan ti~p xuc thi hai m~t ph~ng an khap se ti~p xuc nhau d6ng thai t~o ra nhfrng h,rc
tuang tac l~n nhau. Ph~n tu ti~p xuc (contact elements) dn dua vao d~ ngan ngua SlJ "xuyen"
cua d6i tuqng nay vao d6i tuqng khac
Nh~p vao Add lam su~t hi~n cua s6 "Library of Element Types" d~ chon cac ph~n tu
dn su d\lng.
Nh~p chon ph~n tu Contact.
Chon ki~u ph~n tu 2D target 169 r6i b~m OK (ph~n tu CONTAI72).
Nh~p l~i Add lam su~t hi~n cua s6 "Library of Element Types" d~ chon cac ph~n tlr
mot l~n nfra.
Nh~p chon ph~n tu Contact.
Chon ki~u ph~n tu 3 nd surf 172 r6i b~m OK (ph~n tu TARGETI69).
B~m Close.
141
b) Dinh kich thu6t chung cho cac ph~n tu.

COMMAND:
MainMenu~Preprocessor~Meshing~Size Cntrls~Manual Size~ Lines~ Picked Lines
Cua sf> "Element Size on Picf(' xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t).
Nh~p chon qmh phia tren va qmh ben phai cua t~m ph~ng r6i b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Element Sizes on Picked Lines" xu~t hi~n
Nhap gia tri 60 vao aNDIV va gia tri 1110 vao a SPACE.
Lam tuangtv:
.:. Nhap gia tri 60 vao a NDIV va gia tri 10 vao a SPACE trong cua sf> "Element
Sizes on Picked Lines" khi nh~p vao qmh phia duai va qmh ben trai cua t~m .
:. Nhap gia tri 40 vao a NDIV va gia tri 10 vao a SPACE trong cua sf> "Element
Sizes on Picked Lines" khi nh~p vao qmh ben trai va cung trcm cua V4 kh6i tIl) .
:. Nhap gia tri 40 vao aNDIV va gia tri 1110 vao a SPACE trong cua sf> "Element
Sizes on Picked Lines" khi nh~p vao qmh phia tren cua V4 kh6i tIl).
c) Chia luai.
Cua sf> "Mesh Areas" xu~t hi~n.
Chon Pick All thi rna hinh duQ'C chia luai nhu hinh 5.22.
Hinh 5.22
d) T~o ph~n tu m\lC tieu va ph~n tu ti~p xuc.

T{lo ph/m tiC tiip xuc
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ Select ~ Entities ...
Cua sf> "Select Entities" xu~t hi~n.
Ta chon Line trong a thu nh~t, By NumlPick trong a thu hai va From Full trong b6n
Iva chon a duai nhu hinh 5.23. a.
Nh~p OK thi cua sf> "Select lines" xu~t hi~n nhu hinh 5.23.b, d6ng thai man hinh cling
xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang len (t ).
142
Nh~p vito cung trcm cua V4 kh6i tIl) r6i b~m OK. Thi m~t du6i cua kh6i tIl) duQ'c chon
nhu hinh 5.23.c, b~m OK.
~ Select Entities ~ Select lines I\N
",I'I>, 22 2000
r. Pick r Unpick
l1 : 0 3 : ::: 5
ILines 3 (. Single r Box
r r
IBy Num/Pick 3 r
Polygon
Loop
Circle
Count = 0
I<- From Full MaxiIILUlIl.
r Reselect
MiniIILUIfI.
Line No.
r Also Select
r.
Ir Un select r
Li st of Items
Min, Max, Inc
Sele All I Invert

Sele Nonel Sele Belo l
~ App ly I
~ Replot I
Cancel l ~
a) b) c)
Hinh 5.23
K~ ti~p Ia chon cac nut thuoc m~t du6i cua V4 kh6i tIl).
Ta chon Nodes trong 6 thu nh~t, Attached to trong 6 thu hai, Lines all trong tam Iva
chon va Reselect trong b6n Iva chon nhu hinh 5.24.a, b~m OK.
COMMAND: UtilityMenu~Plot~Nodes.
Luc nay chi co nhfrng nut tren m~t du6i cua V4 kh6i tIl) duQ'c hi~n thi (duQ'c chon) nhu hinh
4.24.b
1\ . , I\N
NODES
APR 22 2008
JNodes 17 ; 26 : 08
/Attached to
r Eleme nts
r Keypoints
r. lin es. all
r lin es. interior
r Areas, all
r Areas. interi or
r Volum es. a ll
r Volu mes, interi or
r From Full
Ie fije~i(~_~
r Al so Se lect
r Un s el ect
SeleAII I ~
~~ ...
L~
~ Apply I
~ Repl ot I
~~
a) b)
Hinh 4.24
143
Chon mot s6 node cua m~t duai V4 kh6i tIl) lam nhfrng di~m ti~p xuc.
Chon node trong 6 thu nh~t, By NumlPick trong 6 thu hai va Reselect trong b6n Iva
chon a duai nhu hinh 5.25.a.
Nh~p OK thi cua sf> "Select nodes" xu~t hi~n nhu hinh 4.25.b, d6ng thai man hinh
cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang len (t ), chon 6 Box thay th~ cho Single.
Quet chuot thanh mot khung hinh chfr nhat d~ chon nhfrng nut nhu hinh 5.25.c, b~m
OK.
~ Select Entities I'x l Rese lee! no des
NODES J\N
r. Pick r Unpick At'[\ 2 2 2008-
11: 3 6 : t 2
INodes ~ r Single r. Box
r Polygon r Circle
IBy Num/Pick ~ r Loop
Count = 0
r From Full Maximum. 14762
r. Reselect
Minill:lUlll.
Node No.
r Also Select
r. List of Items
r Unselect
r Min, Max. Inc
Sele All I Invert I i--------------------------------------------~:7:-1

Sele Nonel Sele Belo l
OK I Apply I ~ Apply I !: ~. . -. !:
I
Plot Replot I ~ Cancel I : __________________________________________________________
L ,~" J:
Cancel I Help I Pick Al l l ~
a) b) c)
Hinh 5.25
T~o cac ph~n tu ti~p xuc tu cac di~m ti~p xuc vua chon a tren. G6m dinh nghla ki~u ph~n tu
ti~p xuc va t~o ph~n tu ti~p xuc.
COMMAND:
Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Elements ~ Elem Attributes
Cua sf> "Element Attributes" xu~t hi~n.
Ta chon 3 CONTAI72 trong 6 TYPE r6i b~m OK.
COMMAND:
Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Elements ~ Surf IContact ~ Surf to Surf
Cua sf> "Mesh Free Surfaces" xu~t hi~n.
Chon m\lC Bottom surface trong 6 Tlab, b~m OK, nhu hinh 4.26.
Cua sf> "Mesh Free Surfaces" khac xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
mlii ten huang len (t), chon 6 Box thay th~ cho Single.
Quet chuot thanh mot khung hinh chfr nhat d~ chon nhfrng nut co tren man hinh, b~m
OK, ph~n tu CONTAI72 duQ'c t~o nhu hinh 5.26.
144
J\N
AtR 222 Q08
: I: ... ,n
~ Mesh Free Surfaces ~

[ESURF] Overlay Elements on Faces of Existing Elements
Tlab Surf ace element form limn I"PI!;;;; =::t
Shape Base shape of TARGE170s ISame as target :::::J
OK I Cancel Help
Hinh 5.26
Trnac khi thvc hi~n buac k~ ti~p thi:

COMMAND:
Utility Menu ~ Select ~ Everything. D~ chon them cac nut khac.
T{lO ph/m tiC m~c tieu

T~o cac ph~n tu m\lC tieu cho b~ m~t tren cua t~m ph~ng.
Lam tuang W nhu t~o ph~n tu ti~p xuc.
Ta chon Line trong 6 thu nh~t, By NumlPick trong 6 thu hai va From Full trong b6n
Iva chon a duai .
Nh~p OK thi cua sf> "Select lines" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p vao duang th~ng phia tren t~m ph~ng, b~m OK.

Ta chon Nodes trong 6 thu nh~t, Attached to trong 6 thu hai, Lines all trong tam Iva
chon va Reselect trong b6n Iva chon, b~m OK.

Cua sf> "Select Entities" xu~t hi~n .
Ta chon Nodes trong 6 thu nh~t, By NumlPick trong 6 thu hai va Reselect trong b6n Iva
chon a duai nhu hinh 5.25 .a.
145
Nh~p OK thi cua sf> "Select nodes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Quet chuot thanh mot khung hinh chfr nhat d~ chon nhfrng nut nhu hinh 5.27.a, b~m
OK.
1.111. z;;: <looll
Zl : 1, :,54
a) b)
Hinh 5.27
Chung ta se t~o cac ph~n tu m\lC tieu tu cac di~m vua chon a tren. G6m dinh nghla ki~u ph~n
tu m\lC tieu va t~o ph~n tu m\lC tieu.
COMMAND:
Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Elements ~ Elem Attributes
Chon 2 TARGETl69 trong 6 TYPE, b~m OK.
COMMAND:
Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Elements ~ Surf IContact ~ Surf to Surf
Cua sf> "Mesh Free Surfaces" xu~t hi~n.
Chon m\lC Top surface trong 6 Tlab, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Mesh Free Surfaces" khac xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Quet chuot thanh mot khung hinh chfr nhat d~ chon nhfrng nut co tren man hinh, b~m
OK, ph~n tu TARGETI69 duQ'c t~o nhu hinh 4.27.b.
Thvc hi~n Select ----+ Everything trong Utility Menu d~ ap d~t di~u ki~n bien len nhfrng nut
khac.

a) D~t di~u ki~n bien len cac c~nh ben trai cua V4 kh6i tf\l , ben trai va phia duai cua t~m
ph~ng:
COMMAND:
146

Nh~p chuot chon qmh ben trai cua V4 kh6i til) va t~m ph~ng, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply
U ROT on Lines" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon UX trong 6 Lab2 va nh~p OK.
Lam tuang W nhu tren va chon qmh phia duai t~m ph~ng, chon UY trong 6 Lab2 va nh~p
OK.
b) Nhap ung su~t (h,rc) phan b6 d~u cho qmh phia tren cua V4 kh6i til).
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Solution ~ DefineLoads ~ Apply ~ Structural ~
Pressure ~ On Lines.
Nh~p vao qmh ben phai, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Lines" khac xu~t hi~n. Chon m\lC Constant value trong 6
[SEL], nhap gia tri VALUE Load PRES value = 1 (MPa) va 6 Value b6 tr6ng, b~m OK.
Lvc phan b6 huang xu6ng duQ'c bi~u di~n nhu hinh 5.28.
AN
AUIU lOll'
l e;l l' ! S,
Hinh 5.28
5. Giai bili to an.

COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Solution ~ Solve ~ Analysis Type ~Sol 'n Controls.
Cua sf> "Solution Controls" xu~t hi~n.
Chon tab "Basic", trong ph~n Analysis Option ta chon Large Displacement Static d~
giai bai toan thea d~ng phi tuy~n nhu hinh 5.29, b~m OK.
147
r.A.1 Solution Controls L8J

Basic 1 Tr ans ~nt 1Sol'n Options 1 Nonlinear 1Advanced Nll
Analysis Options - - - - - - - - - - - - ; Write Items to Results File
I
Large Displacement Static r. All solution items
r Calculate prestress effects r Basic quantities

r User selected
Time Control Nodal OOF Solution
Nodal Reaction Loads
Time at end of loadstep 10 Element Solution
Element Nodal Loads
Automatic time stepping IProg Chosen ~ Element Nodal Stresses
r. Number of 5ubsteps Frequency:
r Time increment
IWrite last substep only ~
Number of substeps 120 v,,",ereN= 11
Max no, of substeps 10
Min no. of 5ubsteps 10
OK Cancel Help
Hinh 5.29

Xu~t hi~n cua sf> Solve "Current Load Step" nh~p OK.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "VerifY' nhu hinh 5.30.a, chon Yes.
D~n khi nao hi~n len cua sf> nhu hinh 5.30.b la da k~t thuc qua trinh tinh toan
Nh~p Close.

SHOULD THE SOL V COMMAND BE EXECUTED?
a)
m
'V Solution is done!
b)
Hinh 5.30
6. Bi~u dB frog su~t

Solution.
Chon Stress va Y-Component of stress.
148
TIE " l TII'II"l

SY
IUl's o
[,Ito(
11VG)
".OJl.41
.......
SY IAYC)
!lAX onl4.~
11101 )1'.01) $JOI ", n' ..Qn
U< "".Ii ! JD: " , Z'
Hinh 5.31
K~t qua cho th~y ung su~t nen r~t Ian xu~t hi~n t~i di~m ti~p xuc, vii. duQ'c gOi Iii. ung su~t ti~p
xuc Hertz (Hertz contact stress).
149
Chu:cmg 6 P han tich dao d(mg
Chu'dng 6 I\.
PHAN TICH
,
"-
DAD DDNG
I. GIOI THIJ~U
Khi mot thanh thep duQ'c va dap bai mot cai bua, chung ta co th~ nghe duQ'c am thanh khi
thanh thep dao dong vai t~n sf> cong huang. N~u thanh thep dao dong vai t~n sf> cong huang,
thi bien do dao dong se r~t Ian. Vi th~, khi mot cEl may, du, toa nha cao t~ng ... duQ'C thi~t k~,
t~n sf> cong huang (t~n sf> rieng) cua chung phai duQ'c xac dinh. Qua trinh phan tich d~ tim
duQ'c t~n sf> rieng va cac d~ng dao dong cua vat th~ dan h6i duQ'c gOi la phan tich mode (mode
analysis).
Co 2 phuang phap phan tich mode: ly thuy~t va FEM. Ly thuy~t thucmg dung cho vat th~ dan
h6i co hinh d~ng dan gian, vi d\l nhu t~m ph~ng hay thanh th~ng, nhung phuang phap nay
kh6ng th~ giai quy~t cho nhung vat th~ dan h6i phuc t~p. D~ giai quy~t v~n d~ nay, chung ta
su d\lng phuang phap ph~n tu huu h~n (FEM).
Trong chuang nay, cac vi d\l su d\lng cac ph~n tu d~m (beam element), ph~n tu vo (shell
element) va ph~n tu khf>i (solid element).
II. PHAN TicH MODE CHO THANH THANG.

Tim 3 modes dao dong d~u tien va t~n sf> rieng thea phuang y cua thanh thep th~ng nhu hinh
6.1.
150
l~ . ._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._._.-_____t-
I (
90mm )
I
Hinh 6.1
Dfr li~u bai to{m

D~c trung hinh hoc cua thanh:
Chi~u dai L = 0.009 m.
Chi~u day t = 0.005 m.
Chi~u rong b = 0.01 m.
E= 2.1xl09N/m2 (madun dan h6i Young - Young's modulus).
p = 7.8 X 103 kg/m3 (kh6i lUQ'ng rieng - Density).
Di~u ki~n bien:
Ngam ch~t d~u ben tnli cua thanh.
1. Liri giai phan tich

Truac khi dung chuang trinh ANSYS d~ phan tich mode, thi mot lai giai phan tich cho cac t~n
s6 rieng duQ'c cho ra va chung se phu hQ'p vai lai giai trong ANSYS. Theo ly thuy~t, t~n s6
rieng cua thanh d~m theo phuangy duQ'c tinh nhu sau:
,1,' ~ F:J A,' ~ F:J

.f = 2JrL2 M = 2JrL2 pA
trong do:
L = 0.09m: chi~u dai cua thanh.
E= 2.1xl09N/m2: madun dan h6i Young.
di~n tich m~t c~t ngang.
5
A = 5 x 10- m 2
3
P= 7.8 X 10 kg/m3 kh6i lUQ'ng rieng.
M = pA = 0.39 kg/m : kh6i lUQ'ng tren dan vi chi~u dai.

3
I=bt 112=1.042xl0- m
4 4
: mamen quan tinh di~n tich cua m~t c~t ngang.
Va ta co:
~ = 1.875 ~ = 4.694 ~ = 7.855
Thi thu duQ'c t~n s6 rieng cua thanh nhu sau:
151
J; = 512.5 Hz f2 = 3212 Hz J; = 8994 Hz

Hinh 6.2 du6i day cho k~t qua mode dao dong va vi tri cac nut.
i=2 i=3
Hinh 6.2
2. ChQn ki~u ph~n tir

Trong phuang phap FEM, vi~c chon ph~n tu thich hQ'p r~t quan trong, vi no anh huang d~n do
chinh xac bai toan, thai gian t~o rna hinh va thai gian cua cpu. Trong vi d\l nay, ph~n tu d~m
dan h6i 2 chi~u duQ'c chon vi nhfrng ly do sau:
Mode dao dong bi rang buoc trong m~t ph~ng 2D.
S6luQ'ng ph~n tu giam; thai gian xay dvng rna hinh va thai gian cpu ng~n l~i.
D~m dan h6i 2D co 3 bac w do a m6i nut: chuy~n vi theo 2 phuang x, y va xoay quanh tf\lC z.
D~m co th~ chiu u6n keo, u6n nen do bai chi~u dai va bien do cua mamen quan tinh di~n tich
cua m~t dit ngang.

Nh~p vao Add lam su~t hi~n cua sf> "Library of Element Types" d~ chon cac ph~n tu
dn su d\lng.
Nh~p chon ph~n tu Beam.
Chon ki~u ph~n tu 2D elastic 3 r6i b~m OK
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu BEAM3.
3. Nh~p cae h~ng sa

ehinh ella thanh.
Nh~p chon OK d~ lam xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Real Constants for BEAM 3".
Nhap cac gia tri:
.,/ Di~n tich m~t c~t ngang AREA = 5e - 5 .
.,/ Mamen quan tinh 1ZZ= 1.042e - 10 .
.,/ Chi~u cao HE1GHT= 0.005
Nh~p OK thi Cua sf> "Real Constants" xu~t hi~n tra l~i va xu~t hi~n Set l.
Nh~p Close.
152
4. Nb~p tiub cb~t v~t li~u:

Nhap vao cac gia tri EX= 206e9 vaPRXY= 0.3.
T~t cac cua sf>.
Nhap gia tri kh6i IUQ'ng rieng:

Nh~p d6i vao Density lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Density forMaterials Number 1" nhu
hinh 6.3.
Nhap vao gia tri DENS = 7800 r6i nh~p OK.
T~t cac cua sf>.
$ IMM'It'iij'dl (ij Favorites
$-
~ Structural Density fDr Material Number 1
!iii linear
-
Wi Nonlinear T1
Temperatures
!iii Thermal Expansion
(ill Damping DENS
$: Friction Coefficient
!iii Specialized Materials
iii Thermal
Iiiil CFD
I
Add Temperature Delete Temperature I
OK Cancel Help
Hinh 6.3
5. T~o rno biub tiub.

a) T~o keypoint
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create Keypoints ~ In Active Cs.
Cua sf> "Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate System" se xu~t hi~n.
Nhap vao cac toa do cua keypoint thu nh~t X = 0, Y = 0, Z = r6i b~m Apply thi cua sf>
"Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate System" se xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i.
Nhap vao cac toa do cua keypoint thu hai X = 0.09, Y = 0, Z = 0, b~m OK.
b) T~o line tlr hai keyppoint tren d~ d~i di~n cho ph~n tu d~m.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Lines ~ Lines ~ Straight
Line.
Cua sf> "Create Straight Line" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n
Nh~p chuot vao hai keypoint tren, b~m OK thi mot line se duQ'c t~o ra.
153
6. T~o hr6'i.
COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Meshing~Size Cntrls~Manual Size ~Lines
~AllLines
Cua sf> "Element Sizes on All Selected Lines" se xu~t hi~n.

Nhap gia tri 20 vito 6 NDIV (co nghla la chia line thanh 20 ph~n tu b~ng nhau).
B~m OK.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Mesh ~ Lines.
Cua sf> "Mesh Lines" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p vao line, b~m OK.

Nhap di~u ki~n rang buoc ngam ch~t a d~u ben trai:
~OnNodes.
Cua sf> "Apply U, ROT on Nodes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
ze
Nh~p chuot chon node ben trai cua
Ai'~ 2008
2 1 :30 : . 3
line, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply U

ROT on Nodes" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon ALL DOFF trong 6 Lab2 va
nhap gia tri 0 vao 6 VALUE, nh~p
OK, sau do man hinh duQ'c bi~u
di~n nhu hinh 6.4.
Hinh 6.4
8. Dinh nghia ki~u bili toano

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Analysis Type ~ New Analysis.
Cua sf> "New Analysis" xu~t hi~n.
Chon m\lC Modal, b~m OK.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Analysis Type ~ Analysis Options.

Cua sf> "Modal Analysis" xu~t hi~n.
Chon m\lC Subspace trong ph~nMODOPT
154
Nhap gia tri 3 vito 0 No. of modes to extract (sinh ra 3 mode), r6i b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Subspace Modal Analysis" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap gia tri 10000 vito 0 FREQE, b~m OK.
5. Giai bili toaD

Nh~p Close.
6. XU- If k~t qua.

a) Doc k~t qua cua tinh toan cua mode d~u tien.
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ General Postproc ~ Read Results ~ First Set.
Ve k~t qua tinh toano
COMMAND: MainMenu~General Postproc~Plot Results~Deformed Shape.
Cua so "Plot Deformed ..........,,,. AN
Alilk at 200e
r 1VI'1!:1"E'1.
Shape" xuat hi~n. ;~:~~".,,, ".n."

DMI - 10.'"
Chon Def+ Undeformed r6i

b~m OK. Thi k~t qua tinh
to an cua mode dao dong d~u
tien duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh
6.6, va t~n s6 cong rieng b~ng
512.266Hz duQ'c bi~u di~n
ben g6c trai phia tren man
hinh.
Hinh 6.6
b) Doc k~t qua cua tinh toan cua mode thu hai.
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ General Postproc ~ Read Results ~ Next Set.
Cua sf> "Plot Deformed Shape" xu~t hi~n.
Chon Def+ Undeformed r6i b~m OK. Thi k~t qua tinh to an cua mode dao dong d~u tien
duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh 6.7.a, va t~n s6 rieng b~ng 3199 Hz duQ'C bi~u di~n ben g6c trai
phia tren man hinh.
155
Lam tuang W ta cling co k~t qua cua tinh tmln cua mode thu ba vai t~n s6 rieng b~ng 3906 Hz
duQ'c bi~u di~n nhu hinh 6.7.b.
I\N I\N
AlIIi. 28 2009 A.PII. '28 200S
%2 ; 20 ;15 2% ; 30 ;41
flVO "2 "1.10 BJ
PRso;11~' pR.I!:Q08 ' 06
OMJ:: "10_~i OM% "lO_~~$1
a) b)
Hinh 6.7
III. PHAN TicH MODE DAO DQNG CHO H THONG GIAM XOC CVA MQT 0
DiACUNG.
H~ th6ng giam xoc cua mot 6 ella cung (HDD) ho~t dong co nhi~u t~n s6 cong huang khac
nhau vai nhi~u mode dao dong khac nhau. N~u mode dao dong co chuy~n vi huang Him Ian se
gay ra 16i d6ng chinh.Vi th~ M th6ng giam xoc phai ho~t dong vai t~n s6 nh6 han t~n s6 cong
huang. Tim t~n s6 rieng va xac dinh cac mode dao dong cua M th6ng giam xoc cho a hinh
6.8.
156
o
<1>1.2
8.3 2.2 3.0
Hinh 6.8
Dfr li~u bai to{m

./ Nhu hinh 5.10 (dan vi mm).
./ E = 2.1 x 10 9 N/m 2 (modun dan h6i Young - Young' s modulus) .
./ v = 0.3 (h~ s6 bi~n d~ng ngang - Poisson's ratio) .
./ p = 7.8 X 103 kg/m3 (kh6i luqng rieng - Density).
Di~u ki~n bien:
./ T~t Cel. cac bac wdo bi rang bUQc t~i bien cua 16.
1. ChQn ki~u ph An tif.

Trong vi d\l nay, ph~n tu t~m vo dan h6i hai chi~u (nhu hinh 6.9) duqc chon h,rc d~ tinh toano
Vi ph~n tu nay r~t thich hqp cho cac d6i tuqng mongo
Z,W
~x,1J
Hinh 6.9
157

dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon ph~n tu Shell.
Chon ki~u ph~n tu Elastic 8node 93, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu SHELL93.
2. Nh~p cae h~ng sa

ehinh ella thanh.
Nh~p chon OK d~ lam xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Real Constant Set Number 1, for Shell93".
Nhap cac gia tri:
./ TK(I) = 0.05e-3 = 5e-5
./ TK(J) = 5e-5
./ TK(K) = 5e-5
./ TK(L) = 5e-5
Nh~p OK thi cua sf> "Real Constants" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i va xu~t hi~n Set l.
Nh~p Close.
3. Nh~p tinh eh~t v~t li~u:

T~t cac cua sf>.
Nhap gia tri kh6i IUQ'ng rieng:
Nh~p d6i vao Density lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Density forMaterials Number 1" nhu
hinh 6.10.
Nhap vao gia tri DENS = 7800, nh~p OK.
T~t cac cua sf>.
158
(g) IM'Mft''IIM! ~ Iia Favorites
$-
rS Structural Density for Material Number 1
Linear
!iii Nonlinear T1
Temperatures
!iii Thermal Expansion
(ij Damping DENS
@: Friction Coefficient
!1a Specialized Materials
Iiil Thermal
~
CFD
~ "" I ,,, ... h ......... ,.,., ...""t; ....
I
Add Temperature Delete Temperature I
.!..I ~ .!..I
OK Cancel Help
Hinh 6.11
4. T~o rno hinh tinh.

a) T~o keypoint.
Nhap vao cac toa do cua cac keypoint theo bang S.1.
KPNo. X Y Z
1 0 -0.6e-3 0
2 8.3e-3 -2.ISe-3 0
3 8.3e-3 -IAe-3 0
4 13.Se-3 -IAe-3 0
S 13.Se-3 1 Ae-3 0
6 8.3e-3 1 Ae-3 0
7 8.3e-3 2.ISe-3 0
8 0 0.6e-3 0
9 8.3e-3 -0.8e-3 0
10 IO.Se-3 -0.8e-3 0
11 IO.Se-3 0.8e-3 0
12 8.3e-3 0.8e-3 0
13 0 -0.6e-3 0.3e-3
14 8.3e-3 -2.ISe-3 0.3e-3
IS 8.3e-3 2.ISe-3 0.3e-3
16 0 0.6e-3 0.3e-3
Bang 6.1
IS9
Sau d6 b~m OK thi mim hinh duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh 6.12.
POINTS J\N
APR 30 2008
0
7
6 0 5
0
8 0 12 011
0
Lx
0 1 9 0 10
0
0 3 0 4
0 2
Hinh 6.12
b ) T~o cac area.

Trnac tien t~o cac area qua cac keypoint:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Areas ~ Arbitrary ~
Through KPs.
Cua sf> "Create Area thru KPs" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
T~o cac area b~ng cach nh~p vao cac keypoint thea bang 6.2 (luu y nh~p keypoint thea
thu W tu trai qua phai nhu trong bang).
Area No. Keypoint

1 9,10,11,12
2 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
3 1,2, 14, 13
4 8, 7, 15, 16
Bang 6.2
T~o mot circle area (hinh trcm):
160
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Areas ~ Circle ~ Solid

Circle.
J\N
Cua sf> "Solid Circle Area" se xu~t
4-t,.-F.
...."FI. 30 200e
11,00,10
hi~n.
Nhap vao cac gia tri:

./ X = 12.0e-3
./ Y=O
./ Radius = 0.6e-3.
B~m OK, thi rna hinh co nhu hinh
6.13
Hinh 6.13
c) Trir cac area vai nhau

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Operate ~ Booleans ~ Subtract ~
Areas.
Cua sf> "Subtract Areas" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ). "-L-R J\N
ANI. 30 200e
Nh~p chuot vao area (chua cac 11=Olih09
keypoint 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8), b~m

OK.
Sau do nh~p vao area (chua cac
keypoint 9, 10, 11, 12) va circle
area (hinh trcm).
B~m OK, thi rna hinh duqc t~o nhu
hinh 6.14.
Hinh 6.14
d) K~t hqp cac area vai nhau.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Operate ~ Booleans ~ Glue ~
Areas.
Cua sf> "Glue Areas" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang
len (t).
Chon Pick All.
161
5. T~o hr6'i
COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Meshing~Size Cntrls~Manual Size~Areas
~AllAreas.
Cua sf> "Element Sizes on All Selected Areas" se xu~t hi~n.

Nhap gia tri 0.0002 vao a SIZE (c6 nghla la cac area duQ'c chia thanh cac ph~n tu b~ng
nhau c6 qmh b~ng 0.0002 m), b~m OK.

Cua sf> "Mesh Areas" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Chon Pick All. Thi rna hinh duQ'C chia luai nhu hinh 6.15.a.
a) b)
Hinh 6.15

Nhap di~u ki~n rang buoc ngam ch~t qmh cua 16 trcm:
~OnLines.
Cua sf> "Apply U, ROT on Lines" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chuot chon b6n cung trcm cua vang tran 16, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply U ROT on
Nodes" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon ALL DOFF trong a Lab2 va nhap gia tri 0 vao a VALUE, nh~p OK, sau d6 man
hinh duQ'c bi~u di~n nhu hinh 6.15.b.

162

Nhap gia tri 10 vao 6 No. of modes to extract, b~m OK.
Nhap gia tri 20000 vao 6 FREQE, b~m OK.
5. Giai bili toaD

Nh~p Close.
6. XU- If k~t qua.

Cua sf> "Plot Deformed Shape" I\N
At''' )0 zooe
xu~t hi~n.
1% ; 11;:1"1
"us: =1
!,P.()IOt~'f.H
tw'Ix sS4J.J7i
Chon Def+ Undeformed, b~m OK.

Thi k~t qua tinh toan cua mode
dao dong d~u tien duQ'c th~ hi~n
nhu hinh 6.17, va t~n s6 cong
rieng b~ng 257.44 duQ'c bi~u di~n
ben g6c trai phia tren man hinh.
Hinh 6.17
b) Doc k~t qua cua tinh toan cua cac mode con l~i.

Chon Def+ Undeformed r6i b~m OK.
Lam tuang W thi ta co cac mode dao dong con l~i nhu hinh 6.18.
163
fIN fIN
,1.'1\ JO 2009 A(lk '0 %009
l:;!Si.H 12. IU ;U
live ..~ ~V6 -,
p'u.cFU ~ l P'p.E:Oi'"2"GO
Ct<I:t .sa ~ ,lOi ,*x z.)u.na:
Mode thu 2 Mode thu 3
fIN fIN
AII'I\ 3D 2009 At'~ '30 Z009
1:. 111.%1 11 ; 11.5'
IIlJe 5 1 J:lUO "'.$
PR!lQli'])~ PUQi'11.8 u
(;IMt -7'i.~J 4 !;lMx :4.$ .4 2 7
fIN fIN
AI''' 302M!) AlI"- 10 2009
1:. 11';2' 1.:;20;00
IIlJet""(i: 151,10 _ 7
p~Ll111 p~lIn'a
QM:C -n . oo, IlfCx""'U.Uii
Hinh 6.18
164
IV. PHAN TicH MODE DAO DQNG CVA BAN MAy DICH CHUYEN CHiNH xAc
DaN TRVC sir DVNG KHOP NOI DAN HOI.
Mot bim may dan tll)C su d\mg cac khap n6i dim h6i thucmg dung trong nhi~u lo~i thi~t bi
chinh xac, va vi tri cua ban duQ'c di~u khi~n vai do chinh xac d~n nanometer b~ng cach su
d\mg d9ng CCf ap din (piezoelectric actuator). Vi th~, dn phai xac dinh t~n s6 cong huang d~
tim vung t~n s6 co th~ di~u khi~n duQ'c.
40
30
~l_X ._._._ -_._._._. .-
13 DQng co
I If) 0
7.2 ap dien M If)
!'+- / .
I
'"
~................
- -)-(_:_._._._. ._.- .=){-
20 C'-l
15 C'-l
,........
23
32
Hinh 6.19
Dfr li~u bai to an

./ Nhu hinh 6.19
./ B~ day: 5 mm
./ E = 206xl0 9 N/m 2 (modun dan h6i Young - Young's modulus) .
./ v = 0.3 (h~ s6 bi~n d~ng ngang - Poisson's ratio) .
./ p = 7.8 X 103 kg/m3 (kh6i IUQ'ng rieng - Density).
Di~u ki~n bien:
./ T~t ca bac w do bi rang buoc t~i day ban, dong ca ap di~n duQ'c g~n vao vi tri
nhu hinh 6.19.

165
Nh~p vito Add lam su~t hi~n cua sf> "Library of Element Types" d~ chon cac ph~n tu
dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon ph~n tu Solid
Chon ki~u ph~n tu Quad 4node 42 r6i b~m Apply.
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu nh~t laPLANE42.
Chon ki~u ph~n tu Brick 8node 45, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu hai la SOLID45.

T~t cac cua sf>.
Nhap gia tri kh6i lUQ'ng rieng:

Nh~p d6i vao Density lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Density forMaterials Number 1".
T~t cac cua sf>.
4. T~o rno hiuh tiuh.

a) T~o keypoint.
Nhap vao cac toa do cua cac keypoint theo bang du6i day.
KPNo. X Y
1 0 0
2 0.04 0
3 0.04 0.05
4 0 0.05
5 0.005 0.01
6 0.035 0.01
7 0.035 0.045
8 0.005 0.045
9 0.005 0.015
10 0.013 0.015
11 0.013 0.02
12 0.005 0.02
13 0.023 0.01
166
14 0.032 0.01
15 0.032 0.02
16 0.023 0.02
Bang 6.3
B~m OK thi man hinh duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh 6.20.
b) T~o cac area.

Trnac tien ta t~o cac area qua cac keypoint:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Areas ~ Arbitrary ~
Through KPs.
Cua sf> "Create Area thru KPs" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Chung ta se t~o cac area b~ng cach nh~p vao cac keypoint thea bang 6.4 (luu y nh~p
keypoint thea thu W tu trai qua phai trong bang).
Area No. Keypoint

1 1,2,3,4
2 5,6,7,8
3 9,10,11,12
4 13, 14, 15, 16
Bang 6.4
1
POINTS J\N
APR 30 2008
04 0 3 14,03,33
0 8 0 7
012 011 15
o
09 0 10
0 5 14
o 0
6
0 2
Hinh 6.20
167
c) Trir cac area vai nhau.

Areas.
Cua sf> "Subtract Areas" se xu~t AlI''- 30 tooe
It ' 20 : ~ 2
hi ~n, d6ng thai mim hinh cling xu~t

hi~n hinh mlii ten huang len (t).
Nh~p chuot vao area (chua cac
keypoint 1, 2, 3, 4), b~m OK.
Sau d6 nh~p vao area (chua cac
keypoint 5, 6, 7, 8) va circle area
(hinh trcm).
Hinh 6.21
d) Cong cac area vai nhau

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Operate ~ Booleans ~ Add ~
Areas.
Cua sf> "Add Areas" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Chon Pick All, rna hinh duQ'C t~o nhu hinh 6.21.
e) T~o cac circle area (hinh trcm):

COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Areas ~ Circle ~ Solid
Circle.
Cua sf> "Solid Circle Area" se xu~t hi~n.
T~o cac circle area thea bang 6.5.
No. X Y Radius
1 0 0.0122 0.0022
2 0.005 0.0122
3 0.035 0.0122
4 0.04 0.0122
5 0 0.0428
6 0.005 0.0428
7 0.035 0.0428
8 0.04 0.0428
9 0.0072 0.015
168
10 0.0072 0.02
Bang 6.S
f) Trir cac area vai cac circle area

Areas. I\N
Cua sf> "Subtract Areas" xu~t hi~n,
AfR )1) :1)0'
l\! H ! ()~
d6ng thai mim hinh cling xu~t hi~n

Nh~p chuot vao area lan, b~m OK.
Nh~p vao cac circle area r6i b~m
OK. Thi mo hinh duQ'c t~o nhu
hinh 6.22.
Hinh 6.22
5. T~o hr6'i
Nh~p chon Line Set, cua so
APk ']0 2008
~mmlt liffit mH I H-II t I H

U ! ~ l.! 50
11++1 kH
"Element Size on Picked Lines"

~
xu~t hi~n.
Chon Pick All, cua sf> "Element
Sizes on Picked Lines" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap gia tri 0.001 vao 0 SIZE, .fiffl
b~m OK. fptm3
g
Tren cua so "Mesh Toof' , chon
Mesh, cua so "Mesh Areas" se I:J.
~
xuat hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh
cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang Hinh 6.23
len (t).
Nh~p chon area tren man hinh, b~m OK, luai duQ'c chia nhu hinh 6.23.
T~o do day Smm cho cac ph~n tu da chia luai
169
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Operate ~ Extrude ~ ElemExt Opts

Cua sf> "Mesh Toof' se
xuat hi~n nhu hinh [EXTOPT] Element Ext Options
6.24. [TYPE] Element type number

I--Weili?
Nhap gla tri 5 vao a MA T Material number l use DeFault :.::I
VALl, b~m OK. C6 [MAT] Change default MAT
:.::I
nghla la se t~o fa 5 REAL Real constant set number l use Default :.::I
ph~n tlr thea do Ian cua [REAL] Change Default REAL INone defined :.::I
b~ day se duQ'C fa.
ESYS Element coordinate sys l use Default :.::I
[ESYS] Change Default ESYS
o :.::I
Element sizing options for extrusion
VAll No, Elem divs
VAL2 Spacing ratio
ACLEAR Clear area(s) after ext
Hinh 6.24
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Operate ~ Extrude Areas ~ By

XYZOffset.
Cua sf> "Extrude Area by Offset"
xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh 302'00 8 M P.
1.5 , 20 ,., 2
cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten

huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon area tfen man hinh,
b~m OK, cua sf> "Extrude Area by
Offset" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap cac gia tri sau: DX = 0, DY
= 0, DZ = 0.005
B~m OK, rna hinh nhu th~ hi~n a
hinh 6.25. Nhin vao hinh th~y
thea huang chi~u day 0.005 m c6
5 ph~n tu duQ'c t~o fa. Hinh 6.25

~OnLines.
170
Cua sf> "Apply U, ROT on Lines"

xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh At'JI. 30 tOOl
1.:I,21.J1
cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang

len (t).
Nh~p chuot chon hai m~t [A] va
[B] nhu th~ hi~n a hinh 6.26, cua
sf> "Apply U ROT on Nodes" khac
xu~t hi~n.
Chon ALL DOFF trong 6 Lab2,
b~m OK.
Hinh 6.26

Nhap gia tri 3 vao 6 No. of modes to extract, b~m OK.
5. Giai bili toan

D~n khi nao hi~n len cua sf> nhu hinh 6.27 la da k~t thuc qua trinh tinh toan
Nh~p Close.
~ Solution is done!
Hinh 6.27
6. Xu If k~t qua.
171

Ve k~t qua tinh tmln.
Cua sf> "Plot Deformed J\N
APR 30 20013
Shape" xu~t hi~n. SU8 - .1
PP;EQIiI1 5Z6
tim - . " .1912
Chon Def+ Undeformed,
b~m OK. Thi k~t qua
tinh toan eua mode dao
dong d~u tien dUQ'e th~
hi~n nhu hinh 6.28.
Hinh 6.28
b) Doe k~t qua tinh toan eua mode eon l~i.

Chon Def+ Undeformed r6i b~m OK.
Cae mode dao dong thu hai va thu ba nhu sau:
I\N
A'" 30 t on At .. 30 2008
1:!o, ,. ::, U I.$:UI ~~
_uti ..! aua - )
UIQI<lli2 r~1t0'<41 11
IIKX .u "" Pia a 1.' . I,!!.
Hinh 6.29
7. Th~ hi~n hinh anh dQng

COMMAND: UtilityMenu~PlotCtrls~Animate~Mode Shape.
Cua sf> "AnimateMode Shape" xu~t hi~n nhu hinh 6.30.
172
Nhap gia tri 0.1 vao 0 Time delay r6i b~m OK. Sau d6 hinh dong cua mode dao dong
duQ'c th~ hi~n tren man hinh, d6ng thai ANSYS W t~o mot file *A VI trong thu m\lC luu
tm.
ri1 Animate Mode Shape 'X
Animation data
No. of frames to create lID
Time delay (seconds)
10 . 1
Acceleration Type
r. Unear
r Sinusoidal
Nodal Solution Data

Display Type II
Stress
.~
I ..
DeF + undeformed
- .~
Strain-total Def + undef edge -

Energy Translation UX
Strain ener dens '=' uv
Strain-elastic UZ .::!..
Strain-thermal
Strain-plastic :!... IDeFormed Shape
~ ~ ~
Hinh 6.30
V. PHAN TicH MODE DAO DQNG CVA H THONG cAc KHOI V~T THE vA LO
XO (SPRING & MASS)
Hay tinh t~n s6 dao dong rieng cho mot M th6ng dao dong 2 bac w do duQ'c cho nhu hinh
5.31.
Hinh 6.31
Dfr li~u bai to an
D~c trung hinh hoc:
./ Nhu hinh 6.31
./ B~ day: 5 mm
Vat li~u cac kh6i:
./ E= 1 N/m 2 (modun dan h6i Young - Young's modulus) .
./ v = 0.0 (h~ s6 bi~n d~ng ngang - Poisson's ratio).
Di~u ki~n bien:
173
.,/ Kh6ng co h,rc tac d\mg .

.,/ Mot d~u cua 16 xo bi ngam ch~t ben phia tay trai nhu hinh 6.31.

dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon ph~n tu Solid
Chon ki~u ph~n tu Quad 4node 42, b~m Apply
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu nh~t 1aPLANE42.
Nh~p chon ph~n tu Combination.
Chon ki~u ph~n tu Spring-Damper 14, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu hai 1a COMBINI4.
2. Nh~p cae h~ng sa

ehinh:
COMMAND: MainMenu~Preprocessor~Real Constants~ Add/Edit/Delete.
Cua sf> "Real Constants" se xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p chon Add, thi cua sf> "Element Type for Real Constants" xu~t hi~n, chon ph~n tu
COMBINI4, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Real Constant Set Number 1, for COMBINI4" se xu~t hi~n. Nhap gia tri 10
vao 6 Spring constant (M s6 do cung cho 16 xo thu 1), b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Real Constants" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai tren man hinh cling su~t hi~n m\lC
set 1.
Nh~p chon ti~p Add, thi cua sf> "Element Type for Real Constants" xu~t hi~n, chon
ph~n tu COMBINI4, b~m OK.
vao 6 Spring constant (M s6 do cung cho 16 xo thu 2), r6i b~m OK.
set 2. B~m Close.
3. Nh~p tinh eh~t v~t li~u:

a) Kh6i thu nh~t
Nhap vao cac gia tri EX = 1 va PRXY = O.
B~m OK.
174
Nh~p d6i vito Density lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Density forMaterials Number 1".
T~t cac cua sf>.
b) Kh6i thu hai
Nh~p chon menu chon Material ~ New Model, cua sf> "Define Material ID ", nhap gia
tri 2 vao 6 "Define Material ID", b~m OK.
Thi tren sf> "Define Material Model Behavior" trong ph~n Material Models Defined
xu~t hi~n them Material Model Number 2.
Nhap vao cac gia tri EX = 1 va PRXY = 0.
B~m OK.
Nh~p d6i vao Density lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Density forMaterials Number 1".
T~t cac cua sf>.
4. T~o rno hioh tioh va chia hr6'i.
a) T~o hai hinh chu nhat (rectangle area).
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Areas ~ Rectangle ~ By
Dimensions.
Cua sf> "Create Rectangle by Dimensions" se xu~t hi~n.
Nhap cac gia tri:

Xl = 5
B~m Apply, thi cua
X2 = 6 Yl = Yl = 1.
sf> "Create Rectangle by Dimensions" se xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i.
Nhap cac gia tri:
Xl = 11 X2 = 12 Yl = Yl = 1.
B~m OK.
b) T~o node
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Nodes ~ In Active Cs.
Nhap vao toa do cua node: X = 0, Y = 0.5, Z = 0, b~m OK.

COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Meshing~ Size Cntrls~ManuaISize~ Lines
~AllLines.
Cua sf> "Element Sizes on Picked Lines " xu~t hi~n.
175
Nhap gia tri 2 vito 6 NDIV, b~m OK.
d) Gan vat li~u hai kh6i.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Mesh Attributes----+Picked Areas.
Cua sf> "Areas Attributes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang
len (t).
Nh~p chon area d~i di~n cho kh6i thu nh~t (Ml = 5kg), b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Areas Attributes" khac xu~t hi~n, nh~p chon s6 1 trong 6 MAT, b~m Apply.
Cua sf> "Areas Attributes" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon area d~i di~n cho kh6i thu hai (Ml = 3kg) r6i b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Areas Attributes" khac xu~t hi~n, nh~p chon s6 2 trong 6 MAT, b~m OK.
e) Chia luai cho hai kh6i.

Cua sf> "Mesh Areas" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang len
(t ).
Nh~p Pick All.

Cua sf> "Plot Numbering Controls" xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p chon 6 Node numbers (NODE) r6i b~m OK.
COMMAND: UtilityMenu~Plot~ Nodes. Thi cac node duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh 6.32
1 8 !) 1611 14
, 9 10 6 18 19 1!)
--
~_x 2 4 3 1113 12
Hinh 6.32
f) T~o element 16 xo thu nh~t.

COMMAND: Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Elements ~ Elem Attributes.
Cua sf> "Elem Attributes" se xu~t hi~n.
Chon "2 COMBIN14" trong 6 [TYPE}, chon gia tri 1 trong 6 [REAL}, b~m OK.
COMMAND:Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Elements ~ Auto Numbered ~

ThruNodes.
Cua sf> "Elem Attributes" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon node s6 1 va node s6 9 (nhu hinh 6.33), b~m OK.
176
f) T~o element 16 xo thu hai.

Chon "2 COMBINI4" trong 6 [TYPE}, chon gia tri 2 trong 6 [REAL}, b~m OK.
COMMAND:Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Elements ~ Auto Numbered ~

ThruNodes.
Cua sf> "Elem Attributes" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon node s6 6 va node s6 18 (nhu hinh 6.33), b~m OK.
COMMAND: UtilityMenu~Plot~ Elements. Thi cac node duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh 6.33.
1 8 5
rn
Hinh 6.33
~OnNodes.
Cua sf> "Apply U, ROT on Nodes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p Pick All thi cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Nodes" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon UY va uztrong 6 Lab2, b~m Apply.
Cua sf> "Apply U, ROT on Nodes" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n
Nh~p chon node s6 2 (nai co ngam), b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Nodes" khac
xu~t hi~n.
Chon ALL DOF trong 6 Lab2, b~m OK.
6. Gan di~u ki~n v~t r~n tuy~t d8i cho cac kh8i (cac mit thuQc cimg mQt kh8i co cimg b~t
tl! do).
Cac kh6i khi di chuy~n xem nhu la mot vat r~n tuy~t d6i vi vay co th~ ghep t~t Cel. cac node
trong mot kh6i l~i vai nhau d~ chung co th~ di chuy~n nhu nhau.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Coupling / Ceqn ~ Couple DOFs.
Cua sf> "Define Couple DOFs" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon cac node thuoc kh6i thu nh~t, b~m OK.
177
Cua sf> "Define Couple DOFs" khac xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri 1 vito 6 NSET va chon UX
trong 6 Lab.
B~mApply.
Cua sf> "Define Couple DOFs" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t).
Nh~p chon cac node thuoc kh6i thu hai, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Define Couple DOFs" khac xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri 2 vao 6 NSET va chon UX
trong 6 Lab.
B~m OK.
COMMAND: UtilityMenu~Plot~ Nodes. Thi cac node duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh 6.34
161714
-
~_x ~15 312
Hinh 6.34


Nhap gia tri 2 vao 6 "No. of modes to extract" va 6 "NMODE No. of modes to
expand', b~m OK.
8. Giai bili toan

Nh~p Close.
9. XU- If k~t qua.

a) Li~t ke cac t~n s6 rieng (duQ'c tinh co dan vi laHz).
178
COMMAND: MainMenu~General Postproc~Results Summary. Cua sf> "SET, LIST

Command'th~ hi~n nhu hinh 6.36.
~ SET ,LlST Command [8J
File
***** INDEX OF DATA SETS ON RESULTS FILE *****

SET TIME/FREQ LOAD STEP SUBSTEP CUMULATIUE
1 0.17269 1 1 1
2 0.59881 1 2 2
Hinh 6.36
b) Doe k~t qua tinh toan eua mode d~u tien.

Chon Def+ Undeformed r6i b~m OK. Thi k~t qua tinh to an eua mode dao dong d~u tien
dUQ'e th~ hi~n nhu hinh 6.37.a.
e) Doe k~t qua tinh toan eho mode eon l~i.

Chon Def+ Undeformed r6i b~m OK. Thi k~t qua tinh toan eua mode dao dong thu hai
dUQ'e th~ hi~n nhu hinh 6.37.b.
HA'(U2:00, """ U 200.
Il,Z4,,11 1:):21i:J,s
BUB "'~ sue .. 2
pA.IQa.l":'" Pp,JQoa.S'"U
I)HlC "' .1811,71 "'.428'0.
1'2(
a) b)
Hinh 6.37
179
VI. PHAN TicH DAO DONG MOT MO HINH DON GIAN CVA MOT CHIltC XE.
Mot chi~c xe duQ'C rna hinh hoa dan gian thanh mot vat th~ co trong Him la W, ban kinh quay
la r nhu hinh 6.38.a, d6ng thai rna hinh ph~n tu huu h~n nhu hinh 6.38.b
a)
ly
3 4
2
0 CD 8)
b)
CD CD
1 x
)
Hinh 6.38
Du li~u bai to an
D~c trung hinh hoc: (v6i 1m = 3.28084ft)
./ h = 4.5ft
./ 12 = 5.5ft
./ r=4ft
./ g = 32.2 ft/s2 (gia t6c trong truang)
Vat li~u: (lkg = 2.20463lb)
./ E = 4x 109 psf (madun dan h6i Young - Young's modulus) .
./ W = 3220 lb (trong lUQ'ng)
./ J= 1600 lb.ft (moment quan tinh cua trong Him)
./ kl = 2400 lb/ft
./ kl = 2600 lb/ft
Di~u ki~n bien:
./ Khang co h,rc tac d\mg .
./ Mot d~u cua 16 xo bi ngam ch~t ben phia tay trai nhu hinh 6.38.

180
Nh~p vito Add lam su~t hi~n cua sf> "Library of Element Types" d~ chon cac ph~n tu
dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon ph~n tu Beam.
Chon ki~u ph~n tu "2D elastic 3", b~m Apply
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu nh~t 1a BEAM3.
Nh~p chon ph~n tu Combination.
Chon ki~u ph~n tu "Spring-Damper 14", b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu hai 1a COMBINI4.
B~m chon ph~n tu COMBINI4, b~m Option.
Cua sf> "COMBINI4 element type option" xu~t hi~n, chon "2-D longitudinal' trong 6
K3, b~m OK.
Nh~p vao Add lam su~t hi~n cua sf> "Library ofElement Types" d~ chon them ph~n tu.
Nh~p chon ph~n tu Structural Mass.
Chon ki~u ph~n tu "3D mass 21", b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu ba 1a AMSS21.
B~m chon ph~n tuMASS21, b~m Option.
Cua sf> "AMSS21 element type option" xu~t hi~n, chon "2-D w rot inert" trong 6 K3
(khi xoay co h,rc quan tinh), b~m OK.
B~m Close.
2. Nh~p cae h~ng sa

ehinh:
COMMAND: MainMenu~Preprocessor~Real Constants~ Add/Edit/Delete.
Cua sf> "Real Constants" se xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p chon Add, thi cua sf> "Element Type for Real Constants" xu~t hi~n, ta chon ph~n
tu COMBINI4, b~m OK.
vao 6 Spring constant (M sf> do cung cho 16 xo thu 1), b~m OK.
set 1.
Nh~p chon ti~p Add, cua sf> "Element Type for Real Constants" xu~t hi~n, chon ph~n
tu BEAM3, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Real Constant Set Number 2, for BEAM3" se xu~t hi~n. Nhap cac gia tri sau
AREA = 1, IZZ = 1 va HEIGHT = 1, b~m OK.
set 2.
Nh~p chon ti~p Add, cua sf> "Element Type for Real Constants" xu~t hi~n, chon ph~n
tuMASS21, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Real Constant Set Number 2, for MASS21" se xu~t hi~n. Nhap cac gia tri sau
AMSS= 3220 vaIZZ= 1600, b~m OK.
181
Cua s6 "Real Constants" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai tren mim hinh cling su~t hi~n m\lC
set 3.
Nh~p chon ti~p Add, thi cua s6 "Element Type for Real Constants" xu~t hi~n, chon
Cua s6 "Real Constant Set Number 2, for BEAM3" se xu~t hi~n. Nhap cac gia tri sau
AREA = 1, IZZ = 1 va HEIGHT = 1, b~m OK.
Cua s6 "Real Constants" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai tren man hinh cling su~t hi~n m\lC
set 4.
Nh~p chon Add, thi cua s6 "Element Type for Real Constants" xu~t hi~n, chon ph~n tu
COMBIN14 r6i b~m OK.
Cua s6 "Real Constant Set Number 1, for COMBIN14" se xu~t hi~n. Nhap gia tri 2600
vao 6 Spring constant (M sf> do cung cho 16 xo thu 2), b~m OK.
Cua s6 "Real Constants" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai tren man hinh cling su~t hi~n m\lC
set 5. B~m Close.

Nhap vao cac gia tri EX = 4e9 va PRXY = 0, b~m OK.
T~t cac cua s6.
4. T~o rno hiuh tiuh.

a) T~oNode.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Nodes ~ In Active Cs.
Cua s6 "Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate System" se xu~t hi~n.
Nhap vao cac toa do cua cac Node theo bang 6.6. R6i b~m OK.
Nod No. X Y Z
1 0 0 0
2 0 1 0
3 4.5 1 0
4 10 1 0
5 10 0 0
Bang 6.6

Cua s6 "Plot Numbering Controls" xu~t hi~n.
182
Nh~p chon 6 Node numbers (NODE), b~m OK.
COMMAND: UtilityMenu~Plot~ Nodes. Thi cac node duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh 6.40.
2 3 4
1 5
Hinh 6.39
b) T~o element thu nh~t (16 xo).

Chon "2 COMBINI4" trong 6 [TYPE}, chon gia tri 1 trong 6 [MAT} va chon gia
tri 1 trong 6 [REAL}, b~m OK.
COMMAND: Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Elements ~ Auto Numbered ~ Thru

Nodes.
Cua sf> "Elem Attributes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon node sf> 1 va node sf> 2 (nhu hinh 6.39), b~m OK.
c) T~o element thu hai.

Cua sf> "Elem Attributes" xu~t hi~n.
Chon "1 BEAM3" trong 6 [TYPE}, chon gia tri 1 trong 6 [MAT} va chon gia tri 2
trong 6 [REAL}, b~m OK.
COMMAND: Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Create ~ Elements ~ Auto Numbered ~ Thru

Nodes.
huang len (t ).
d) T~o element thu ba.

Cua sf> "Elem Attributes" xu~t hi~n.
Chon "3 MASS21" trong 6 [TYPE}, chon gia tri 1 trong 6 [MAT} va chon gia tri 3
183

Nodes.
Cua sf> "Elem Attributes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t).
Nh~p chon node sf> 3 (nhu hinh 6.39), b~m OK.
e) T~o elementthu tu.

Chon "1 BEAM3" trong 6 [TYPE}, chon gia tri 1 trong 6 [MAT} va chon gia tri 4

Nodes.
huang len (t ).
b) T~o element thu nam (16 xo).

Chon "2 COMBIN14" trong 6 [TYPE}, chon gia tri 1 trong 6 [MAT} va chon gia tri
5 trong 6 [REAL}, b~m OK.
COMMAND: Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Elements ~ Auto ~ Numbered ~ Thru

Nodes.
huang len (t ).
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ Plot ~ Elements. Thi cac node duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh 6.40.
2
r - - - -- - - - - - - - + -( - - -
3
--I 4
I1 ~
Hinh 6.40
Muf>n li~t ke cac ph~n tu lam nhu sau:
184
Utility Menu ~ List ~ Elements ~ Nodes + Attributes. Tu d6 t~t ca cac thuoc tinh (ki~u ph~n
tu (element type), h~ng sf> chinh (real constans), va thuoc tinh vat li~u (material properties))
duQ'c th~ hi ~n nhu hinh 6.41.
~ ELiST Command ~
File
LIST ALL SELECTED ELEMENTS. (LIST NODES)

ELEM MAT TYP REL ESY SEC NODES
112 1 III 1 1 2
211 2 III 1 2 3
313 3 III 1 3
411 4 III 1 3 4
512 5 III 1 4 5
Hinh 6.41

~OnNodes.
Cua sf> "Apply U, ROT on Lines" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chon node sf> 1 va node sf> 5 (hinh 6.39) thi cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Nodes"
khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon UX va UY trong 6 Lab2, b~m Apply.
Cua sf> "Apply U, ROT on Lines" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n
Nh~p chon node sf> 3 (hinh 6.39) thi cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Nodes" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon UX trong 6 Lab2, b~m OK.


Nhap gia tri 2 vao 6 "No. of modes to extract" va 6 "NMODE No. of modes to
expand', b~m OK.
COMMAND: MainMenu~Solution~Master DOFs~ User Selected ~Define.
185
Cua s6 "Define Master DOFs" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon nut sf> 3 (trong hinh 6.39), r6i nh~p OK.
Cua s6 "Define Master DOFs" khac xu~t hi~n, chon UY trong Lab 1 va ROTZ trong 6
Lab2-6 (bac wdo b6 sung).
7. Xu If k~t qua
a) Li~t ke cac t~n sf> rieng (duQ'c tinh co dan vi laHz).
Dung Parameters:
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ Parameters ~ Get Scalar Data.
Cua s6 "Get Scalar Data" xu~t hi~n.
Chon Results data ben list ben trai r6i chon Modal results trong list ben phai, nh~p OK.
Cua s6 "Get Modal Results" xu~t hi~n. Nhap ten FREQ 1 vao 6 Name ofparameter to
be defined, va nhap gia tri 1 vao 6 Mode number N, b~m Apply.
Cua s6 "Get Scalar Data" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i.
Chon Results data ben list ben trai r6i chon Modal results trong list ben phai, nh~p OK.
Cua s6 "Get Modal Results" xu~t hi~n. Nhap ten FREQ2 vao 6 Name ofparameter to
be defined, va nhap gia tri 2 vao 6 Mode number N, b~m OK.
Li~t ke cac tham sf> 6' tren.

COMMAND: Utility Menu~List~Other~Paramenter. Thi dfr li~u duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh
6.42.
~ "STAT Command ~
File
I ABBREUIATION STATUS-
ABBREU STRING
SAUEJ)B SAUE
RESUMJ)B RESUME
QUIT Fnc~EXIT
POWRGRPH Fnc~GRAPHICS
PARAMETER STATUS- < 53 PARAMETERS DEFINED)

<INCLUDING 51 INTERNAL PARAMETERS)
NAME UALUE TYPE DIMENSIONS
FREQ1 1'1.299351'1827 SCALAR
FREQ2 3.59511'1763 SCALAR
Hinh 6.42
Ho~c ta co th~ xem theo cach sau:

COMMAND: MainMenu~General Postproc~Results Summary. Thi cua s6 "SET, LIST
Command'th~ hi~n nhu hinh 6.43.
186
~ SET .LlSTCommand L8J

File
INDEX OF DATA SETS ON RESULTS FILE *****

SET TIME/ FREQ LOAD STEP SUBSTEP CUMULATIUE
1 0.29935 1 1 1
2 3.5951 1 2 2
Hinh 6.43
b) Doe k~t qua tinh tmln eua mode d~u tien.

Chon Def+ Undeformed r6i b~m OK. Thi k~t qua tinh to an eua mode dao dong d~u tien
dUQ'e th~ hi~n nhu hinh 6.44.a.
e) Doe k~t qua tinh toan eua mode eon l~i.

Chon Def+ Undeformed r6i b~m OK. Thi k~t qua tinh toan eua mode dao dong thu hai dUQ'e
th~ hi~n nhu hinh 6.44.b.
J\N J\N
mtl
"" ..
fJ'.!:Q'.o_~"l51
~., l':<!uot
IO:h,'- ""'
"".,...
nu::a-l.5n
IUY I' ~tloe
IO,U:i.)
t<!DC ~.G)S1~ tooC 1)4011;8
a) b)
Hinh 6.44
187
Chng 7 ng dng ANSYS vo bi ton lu cht
Chng
7 NG DNG ANSYS VO
BI TON LU CHT
I. PHN TCH DNG CHY TRONG B KHUCH TN.

0
Phn tch dng chy trong b khuych tn hnh nn i xng trc vi gc khuych tn 2 = 6
v h s m rng bng 4, c biu din nh hnh 7.1.
y
4.5DE 9.55DE 50DE

Knh thng u vo Min khuyt tn Knh thng u ra
Hnh 7.1
D liu bi ton:
Dng knh dng chy:
B khuych tn hnh nn i xng trc, gc khuych tn 2, h s m rng
bng 4.
ng knh u vo: DE = 0.2 m.
Chiu di knh thng u vo: 4.5DE .
Chiu di knh khuych tn: 9.55DE .
188
Chiu di knh thng u ra: 50DE .

Lu cht hot ng: kh (300 K)
Trng dng chy: ri
Vn tc u vo: 20 m/s
5
H s Reynolds: 2.54 10 .
iu kin bin:
Vn tc ti cc thnh ng bng 0.
p sut bng 0 ti ng ra.
Vn tc theo phng y bng 0 trn trc x.
1. Chn kiu bi ton

COMMAND: Main Menu Preferences.
Ca s Preferences for GUI Filtering xut hin.
Chn FLOTRAN CFD, bm OK.
2. To m hnh tnh ton

a) To keypoint.
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Keypoints In Active CS
Ca s Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate Syste xut hin.
Nhp vo cc ta ca cc keypoint theo bng di y.
KP No. X Y
1 0 0
2 0.9 0
3 0.9 0.1
4 0 0.1
5 2.81 0
6 2.81 0.2
7 12.81 0
8 12.81 0.2
Bng 7.1
Sau bm OK th mn hnh c th hin nh hnh 7.2.

6 8
4 3
1 2 5 7
Hnh 7.2
189
b) To cc area.
6 L10 8
L7
4 3
L3 L6 L9
L4 L2
1 L1 2 L5 5 L8 7
Hnh 7.3
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Areas Arbitrary

Through KPs.
Ca s Create Area thru KPs xut hin, ng thi mn hnh cng xut hin hnh
mi tn hng ln ( ).
To cc area bng cch nhp vo cc keypoint theo bng 7.2 (lu nhp keypoint
theo th t t tri qua phi trong bng).
Area No. Keypoint

1 1, 2, 3, 4
2 2, 5, 6, 3
3 5, 7, 8, 6
Bng 7.2
Nhp OK, sau ta c m hnh nh hnh 7.3
3. Ri rc ho i tng kho st.

a) Chn kiu phn t.
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Element Type Add/ Edit/Delete.
Ca s Element Types xut hin
Nhp vo Add lm xut hin ca s Library of Element Types chn cc phn t
cn s dng.
Nhp chn FLOTRAN CFD - 2D FLOTRAN 141.
Ca s Element Types xut hin dng phn t th nht l FLUID141.
Nhp chn Option, th ca s FLUID141 element type options xut hin.
Chn mc Axisymmabout X trong Element coordinate system(K3).
Bm OK ri bm Close.
b) nh kch tht phn t.

COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Meshing Mesh Tool
Ca s Mesh Tool s xut hin.
Nhp chn Line-Set th ca s Element Size on Picked Lines s xut hin
190
Nhp chn line1, line3 nh hnh 7.3, bm OK, ca s Element Size on Picked Lines
khc s xut hin .
Nhp gi tr 15 vo DIV, bm OK.
Lm li tng t th t trn cho cc line khc nh bng 7.3.
Line No. DIV SPACE
1 15
2 50 0.2
3 15
4 50 5
5 30
6 50 0.2
7 30
8 40 5
9 50 0.2
10 40 0.2
Bng 7.3
c) Chia li.
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Meshing Mesh Areas Free.
Ca s Mesh Areas xut hin, ng thi mn hnh xut hin hnh mi tn hng ln
( ).
Nhp chn Pick All th li c chia nh hnh 7.4.a (do kch tht m hnh qu di
nn s phng to mt phn nhn r rng hn nh hnh 7.4.b).
a) b)
Hnh 7.4
191
4. Nhp iu kin bin.

Trc tin s hin cc line d dng trong vic gn cc iu kin bin:
COMMAND: Utility Menu Plot Lines
Tin hnh gn cc iu kin bin ln cc line:

COMMAND: Main Menu Solution Define Loads Apply Fluid/CFD Velocity On
Lines.
Ca s ApplyV on Lines xut hin, ng thi mn hnh xut hin hnh mi tn hng
ln ( ).
Nhp vo line4 (nh trong hnh 7.3) l cnh knh u vo ca b khuyt tn, bm OK,
ca s ApplyVELO load on lines xut hin.
Nhp gi tr 20 vo VX v gi tr 0 vo VY, bm OK.
Tng t to iu kin bin cho cc cnh cn li theo bng 7.4.
Line No. VX VY
1 0
2
3 0 0
4 20 0
5 0
6
7 0 0
8 0
9
10 0 0
Bng 7.4
Nhp iu kin p sut bng khng ti knh u ra.

COMMAND: Main Menu Solution Define Loads Apply Fluid/CFD Pressure
DOF On Lines.
Ca s Apply PRES on Lines xut hin, ng thi mn hnh xut hin hnh mi tn
hng ln ( ).
Nhp vo line9 (nh trong hnh 7.3) l cnh knh u ra ca b khuyt tn, bm OK,
ca s Apply PRES on lines xut hin.
Nhp gi tr 0 vo PRES, bm OK. Th cc iu kin bin c th hin nh hnh
7.5.a (hnh 7.5.b l phng to ni knh u vo)
192
a) b)
Hnh 7.5
5. Thc hin tnh ton

a) Ci t FLOTRAN.
COMMAND: Main Menu Solution FLOTRAN Set Up Solution Options.
Ca s FLOTRAN Solution Options xut hin.
Chn Adiabatic (ng nhit), Turbulent (chy ri) v Incompressible (khng nn
c) trong cc TEMP, TURB v COMP, bm OK.
COMMAND: Main Menu Solution FLOTRAN Set Up Execution Ctrl.

Ca s Steady State Control Settings xut hin.
Nhp gi tr 200 vo EXEC (s ln lp chung), bm OK.
COMMAND: Main Menu Solution FLOTRAN Set Up Fluid Properties.

Ca s Fluid Properties xut hin.
Chn AIR-SI trong cc Density, Viscosity, Conductivity v Specific heat ( chn
kiu n v. Cc thuc tnh c cho trong bng 7.5)
Sau Ca s CFD Fluid Properties xut hin, bm OK..
Thuc tnh n v n v p n v khi n v nht
sut lng ring
AIR meter-kg-sec Pascals kg/m3 kg/m-sec
AIR-SI meter-kg-sec Pascals kg/m3 kg/m-sec
AIR -CM cm-g-sec dynes/cm2 g/cm3 g/cm-sec
AIR -MM mm-g-sec Pascals g/mm3 g/mm-sec
AIR -FT ft-slug-sec lbf/ft2 slugs/ft3 slug/ft-sec
AIR -IN in-(lbf-s2/in)-sec psi lbf-sec2/in4 lbf-s/in2
Bng 7.5
193
b) Thc hin tnh ton.

COMMAND: Main Menu Solution Run FLOTRAN. i n khi no xut hin ca s
Note, bm Close.
6. X l kt qu
a) Th hin kt qu bng vector.
COMMAND: Main Menu General Postproc Read Results Last Set.
COMMAND: Main Menu General Postproc Plot Results Vector Plot Predefined.
Ca s Vector Plot of PredefinedVectors xut hin.
Nhp chn DOF solution VelocityV, bm OK. Th kt qu vn tc c th hin
bng vector c th hin nh hnh 7.7.a (hnh 7.7.b l hnh phng to)
a) b)
Hnh 7.6
b) Th hin kt qu bng PATH OPERATION.

COMMAND: MainMenu General Postproc Path Operations Define Path By Nodes.
Ca s By Nodes xut hin,
ng thi mn hnh xut hin hnh [A]
mi tn hng ln ( ).
Nhp vo hai node bt k, mt nt
trn ng th hin thnh ng,
mt nt trn ng th hin trc x
(v d chn node [A]- node 907 v
node [B]- node 836 nh hnh 7.7),
nhp OK.
Ca s By Nodes khc xut hin
[B]
nh hnh 7.8.a. Nhp tn VEL01
v Name v nhp gi tr 50 vo
nDiv, bm OK.
Hnh 7.7
194
Ca s PATH Command xut hin nh hnh 7.8.b (gii thch ni dung nh ngha
Path). Nhp vo k hiu X gc trn bn phi tc ca s ny.
a) b)
Hnh 7.8
COMMAND: MainMenu General Postproc Path Operations Map onto Path.

Ca s Map Result Items onto Path xut hin.
Nhp VEL01 vo Lab ng thi chn DOF solutioni v Velocity VX trong
Item.Comp, bm OK.
COMMAND: MainMenu General Postproc Path Operations Plot Path Item On

Graph.
Ca s Plot of Path Items
on Graph xut hin.
Chn VEL01 trong Lab1-
6, bm OK. Sau kt qu
tnh ton th hin nh hnh
7.9.
Hnh 7.9
Th hin gi tr s:
COMMAND:MainMenu General Postproc List Results Path Items.
Ca s Recall Path xut hin, chn OK..
Ca s List of Path Items xut hin.
Chn VEL01 trong Lab1-6, bm OK. Kt qu tnh tan th hin nh hnh 7.10.
195
Hnh 7.10
II. GII BI TON DNG CHY TRONG KNH C VAN BM.

Phn tch dng chy ri xung quanh van bm c th hin nh hnh 7.11.
0.07 m 300
0.06 m
0.2 m
Hnh 7.11
D liu bi ton:
Dng knh dng chy:
ng knh ca knh: DE = 0.06 m.
ng knh van: DE = 0.06 m.
0
Gc nghing ca van: = 30 .
Lu cht: nc
Trng dng chy: dng ri
Vn tc vo: 0.01 m/s
iu kin bin:
Vn tc bng 0 ti cc thnh ng.
196
Ti trc x, vn tc theo phng y bng 0.
1. Chn kiu bi ton

Chn FLOTRAN CFD ri bm OK.
2. To m hnh tnh ton

a) To keypoint.
Ca s Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate Syste xut hin.
Nhp vo cc ta ca cc keypoint theo bng 7.6.
KP No. X Y
1 0 0
2 0 0.03
3 0.2 0.03
4 0.2 0
5 0.2 0.03
6 0 0.03
7 0.05587 0.02648
8 0.0716 0
9 0.08587 0.02548
10 0.08413 0.02648
11 0.06885 0
12 0.05413 0.02548
Bng 7.6
Bm OK th mn hnh c th hin nh hnh 7.12.

6 5
10
9
1 11 4
8
12
2 7 3
Hnh 7.12
197
b) To cc area.
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Areas Arbitrary
Through KPs.
Ca s Create Area thru KPs s xut hin, ng thi mn hnh cng xut hin
hnh mi tn hng ln ( ).
Nhp vo keypoint 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ri bm Apply th ta c area i din cho knh.
Nhp vo keypoint 11, 12 7, 8, 9, 10 ri bm OK th ta c area i din cho van
bm.
b) Tr cc area.
Ta s tr area ai din cho knh vi area i din cho van bm.
COMMAND: MainMenu Preprocessor Modeling Operate Booleans Subtract
Areas.
Ca s Subtract Areas s xut
hin, ng thi mn hnh cng
xut hin hnh mi tn hng ln
( ).
Nhp chn area ai din cho
knh, bm OK, sau nhp chn
area i din cho van bm. M
hnh c to nh hnh 7.13.
Hnh 7.13

a) Chn kiu phn t.
Ca s Element Types xut hin.
cn s dng.
Nhp chn Option, th ca s FLUID141 element type options xut hin.
Chn mc Cartesian trong Element coordinate system (K3).
Bm OK ri bm Close.

COMMAND: Utility Menu Plot Lines. ch hin th dng ng
198
COMMAND: UtilityMenu PlotCtrls Numbering.

Ca s Plot Numbering Controls s xut hin.
Chn On cho mc KP v LINE ( th hin s th t ca keypoint v line), bm OK.
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Meshing Mesh Tool

Ca s Mesh Tool s xut hin.
Nhp chn Line-Set th ca s Element Size on Picked Lines s xut hin, ng thi
mn hnh cng xut hin hnh mi tn hng ln ( ).
Nhp chn Line 1, Line 2, Line 4 v Line 10, bm OK, ca s Element Size on Picked
Lines khc s xut hin .
Nhp gi tr 20 vo DIV v 0.2 vo SPACE, bm OK.
Ta lm li tng t nh trn cho cc line khc nh bng 7.7.
Line No. NDIV SPACE

1, 4, 7, 10 20 0.2
3, 6, 9 12 20 5
2, 5 100
8, 11 2
Bng 7.7
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Meshing Mesh Tool.

Ca s Mesh Tool s xut
hin.
Nhp chn Mesh th ca s
Mesh Areas xut hin , ng
thi mn hnh cng xut hin
Nhp chn area trn m hnh,
bm OK, m hnh c chia
li nh hnh 7.14.
Hnh 7.14
4. Nhp iu kin bin.

Trc tin chng ta s hin cc line d dng trong vic gn cc iu kin bin
COMMAND: Utility Menu Plot Lines
K tip chng ta s tin hnh gn cc iu kin bin ln cc line:
199

Lines.
ln ( ).
Nhp vo Line 1 v Line 6 l cnh knh u vo, bm OK, ca s ApplyVELO load
on lines xut hin.
Nhp gi tr 0.01 vo VX v gi tr 0 vo VY ri bm OK.
Tng t ta nhp chn line 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 v 12. Nhp gi tr 0 vo VX v VY,
bm OK.
K tip chng ta s nhp iu kin p sut bng khng ti knh u ra.

DOF On Lines.
Ca s Apply PRES on Lines
xut hin, ng thi mn hnh
xut hin hnh mi tn hng ln
( ).
Nhp vo line3 v line4 l cnh
knh u ra, bm OK th ca s
Apply PRES on lines xut hin.
Nhp gi tr 0 vo PRES, bm
OK. Th cc iu kin bin c
th hin nh hnh 7.15.
Hnh 7.15
5. Thc hin tnh ton

a) Ci t FLOTRAN.


200
Chn Liquid trong cc Density, Viscosity, Conductivity v Specific heat (lu cht l
cht lng)
Sau Ca s CFD Fluid Properties xut hin.
Nhp gi tr 1000 vo DO (khi lng ring) v gi tr 0.001 vo V0 (h s nht),
ri bm OK.
b) Thc hin tnh ton.

Note, bm Close.
6. X l kt qu
Nhp chn DOF solution VelocityV, bm OK. Th kt qu vn tc c th hin
bng vector c th hin nh hnh 7.16.a v 7.16.b
a) b)
Hnh 7.16
Gn nhng im tch ri lp bin mt trc hoc mt sau van, vn tc dng chy rt nh v

rt kh nhn bit hng dng chy thm ch vng gn van c phng to nh hnh 6.18.b. V
vy nhn r chi tit vn tc ca dng th:
COMMAND: Utility Menu PlotCtrls Style Vector Arrow Scaling.
Ca s Vector Arrow Scaling xut hin.
Nhp gi tr 5 vo VRATIO (c ngha l tng ln ca mi tn ln gp 5 ln ln
ban u), bm OK. Th mi tn vn tc c biu hin nh hnh 7.17.
201
a) b)
Hnh 7.17
Trong ANSYS, khng cch bin dng c th c thay i bng cch:

COMMAND: UtilityMenu PlotCtrls Style Contours Uniform Contours.
Ca s UniformContours xut
hin.
Chn mc User specified trong
phn Contour intervals. Nhp gi
tr 0 v 0.3 vo VMIN v VMAX
(c ngha l cc mi tn vn tc
th hin trn mn hnh c t
mu trong khong 0 n 0.3, cn
nhng gi tr vn tc ln hn th
ANSYS t cho bn mu nh th
hin hnh 7.18), bm OK.
Hnh 7.18
b) Th hin kt qu bng bng mu.

COMMAND: Main Menu General Postproc Plot Results Contour Plot Nodal
Solution.
Ca s Contour Nodal Solution Data xut hin.
Chn DOF Solution v chn nhng mc sau:
Pressure (p sut), th hin hnh 7.19.a.
X - Component of fluid velocity (vn tc theo phng X), hnh 7.19.b.
Y - Component of fluid velocity (vn tc theo phng Y), hnh 7.19.c.
Fluid velocity (vn tc theo c hai phng X v Y), hnh 7.19.d.
202
Turbulent kinetic energy (ng nng ca dng ri), hnh 7.19.e.

Turbulent energy dissipation (tiu tn nng lng do dng ri), hnh 7.19.f.
a) b)
c) d)
e) f)
Hnh 7.19
203
c) Th hin kt qu bng PATH OPERATION.

COMMAND: MainMenu General Postproc Path Operations Define Path By Nodes.
Ca s By Nodes xut hin, ng thi mn hnh xut hin hnh mi tn hng ln
( ).
Nhp vo hai node ca vo knh , nhp OK.
Ca s By Nodes khc xut hin. Nhp tn IN v Name v nhp gi tr 40 vo
nDiv, bm OK.
Sau ca s PATH Command xut hin. Nhp vo k hiu X gc trn bn phi
tt ca s ny.
COMMAND: MainMenu General Postproc Path Operations Map onto Path.

Ca s Map Result Items onto Path xut hin.
Nhp IN vo Lab ng thi chn DOF Solution v Velocity VX trong Item.Comp,
bm OK.
COMMAND:
MainMenu General Postproc Path Operations Plot Path Item On Graph.
Ca s Plot of Path Items on Graph xut hin.
Chn IN trong Lab1-6 ri bm OK. Sau kt qu tnh ton th hin nh hnh
7.20.a.
Lm tng t cho hai node ca ra knh (t tn l OUT), v th hin qua hnh 7.20.b
a) b)
Hnh 7.20
204
III. PHN TCH DNG KH X I QUA MT B GIM THANH (MUFFLER).

Tnh ton v v vn tc cng p sut sut chiu di ca muffler c cho nh hnh 7.21.
0.33 m
0.22 m
0.06 m 0.11 m
0.06 m
0.01 m
0.01 m
0.25 m
Hnh 7.21
D liu bi ton:
Dng knh dng chy:
Nh hnh 7.21.
dy hai mn cn tr l 0.01m.
Vn tc ca knh vo l 0.5 m/s.
Khi lng ring ca khng kh 1.23 kg/m3
nht: 1.79 10-5 .
iu kin bin:
Vn tc bng 0 ti cc thnh ng.
1. Chn kiu bi ton

2. To m hnh tnh ton

a) To mt cylinder volume i din cho muffler.
205
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Volume Cylinder

Solid Cylinder.
Ca s Solid Cylinder xut hin.
Nhp vo cc gi tr sau:
WP X = 0
WP Y = 0
Radius = 0.155
Depth = 0.33
Bm OK. Th cylinder volume
c th hin nh hnh 7.22
Hnh 7.22
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Delete Volumes Only.

Ca s Delete Volumes Only xut hin, ng thi mn hnh xut hin hnh mi tn
hng ln ( ).
Nhp vo cylinder volume va to, bm OK.
b) To mt area i din cho knh u.

COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Area Circle Solid
Circle.
Ca s Solid Circular Area xut hin.
WP X = 0
WP Y = 0
Radius = 0.03
Bm OK.
K tip s ph chng area va to vi area mt y ca cylinder.

COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Operate Booleans Overlap
Areas.
Ca s Overlap Areas xut hin, ng thi mn hnh xut hin hnh mi tn hng
ln ( ).
Nhp chn hai area, bm OK.
c) To mt area i din cho knh ra.

COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Copy Areas.
206
Ca s Copy Areas xut hin, ng thi mn hnh xut hin hnh mi tn hng ln
( ).
Nhp chn area knh u vo, bm OK.
Ca s Copy Areas khc xut hin, nhp cc gi tr DY = 0.03 v DZ = 0.33, bm
OK.
Ph chng area va to vi area mt y ca cylinder.

COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Operate Booleans Overlap
Areas.
Ca s Overlap Areas xut hin, ng thi mn hnh xut hin hnh mi tn hng
ln ( ).
Nhp chn hai area, bm OK.
e) To li mt volume i din cho muffler t cc area c.

COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Volume Arbitrary
By Areas.
Ca s Create Volume by Areas xut hin.
Nhp chn Pick All.
f) To mn chn cch knh u vo 0.11m .

COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Volumes Block By 2
Corners & Z.
Ca s Block By 2 Corners & Z xut hin.
WP X = 0.3
WP Y = 0
Width= 0.6
Heigh = 0.3
Depth = 0.01
Bm OK.
Di chuyn khi va to cch knh u ra mt khong theo phng z bng 0.11m.

COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Move / Modify Volumes.
Ca s Move Volumes xut hin, , ng thi mn hnh xut hin hnh mi tn hng
ln ( ).
Nhp chn khi va to, bm OK.
Ca s Move Volumes xut hin, nhp gi tr DZ = 0.11, bm OK.
f) To mn chn cch knh u vo 0.22m .

COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Copy Volumes.
207
Ca s Copy Volumes xut hin, ng thi mn hnh xut hin hnh mi tn hng
ln ( ).
Nhp chn mn chn va to, bm OK.
Ca s Copy Volumes khc xut hin, nhp cc gi tr DY = 0.3 v DZ = 0.11, bm
OK.
h) Tr cc volume vi nhau.
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Operate Boolean Subtract
Volumes.
Ca s Subtract Volumes xut
hin, ng thi mn hnh xut
hin hnh mi tn hng ln
( ).
Nhp chn cylinder, bm OK.
Sau nhp chn hai mn chn,
bm OK. Th m hnh c to
nh hnh 7.23.
Hnh 7.23

a) Chn kiu phn t.
Nhp vo Add lm sut hin ca s Library of Element Types chn cc phn t
cn s dng.

COMMAND: Preprocessor Meshing Size Cntrls ManualSize Global Size.
Ca s Global Element Sizes s xut hin.
Nhp gi tr 15 vo NDIV, bm OK.
c) Chia li.
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Meshing Mesh Volumes Free.
208
Ca s Mesh Areas xut

hin, ng thi mn hnh
xut hin hnh mi tn
hng ln ( ).
Nhp chn volune trn mn
hnh, bm OK, m hnh
c chia li nh hnh
7.24.
Hnh 7.24
4. Nhp thuc tnh dng chy.

COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Material Props Material Models.
Ca s Define Material Model Behavior s xut hin.
Nhp i vo CFD ri Density lm xut hin hp thoi Density for Materials Number
1.
Nhp vo cc gi tr DENS = 1.23 (khi lng ring), nhp OK.
Nhp i vo CFD ri Viscosity lm xut hin hp thoi Viscosity for Materials
Number 1.
Nhp vo cc gi tr VISC = 1.79e-5 ( nht), nhp OK.
Tt cc ca s.
5. Nhp iu kin bin.

Hin cc line d dng trong vic gn cc iu kin bin:
COMMAND: Utility Menu Plot Lines.
a) Nhp iu kin bin cho area knh u vo

Lines.
ln ( ).
Nhp vo area knh u vo.
Nhp gi tr 0.01 vo VZv gi tr 0 vo VY v VX, bm OK.
b) Nhp iu kin bin cho area knh u ra

209

DOF On Lines.
hng ln ( ).
Nhp vo area knh u ra, bm OK th ca s Apply PRES on lines xut hin.
Nhp gi tr 0 vo PRES, bm OK.
c) Nhp iu kin bin cho cc thnh ng ca muffler.

Lines.
Ca s ApplyV on Lines xut
hin, ng thi mn hnh xut hin
Nhp tt c cc area thuc cylinder.
Nhp gi tr 0 vo VX, VY v VZ,
bm OK, iu kin bin c th
hin nh hnh 7.25.
Hnh 7.25
6. Thc hin tnh ton

a) Ci t FLOTRAN.


Chn AIR-SI trong cc Density, Viscosity, Conductivity v Specific heat.
Bm OK.
210
b) Thc hin tnh ton.

Note, bm Close.
7. X l kt qu
Nhp chn DOF solution VelocityV, bm OK.
Nhp 1.5 vo VRATIO ( nh kch thc mi tn).
Kt qu vn tc c th hin bng vector c th hin nh hnh 7.26.
Hnh 7.26
211
Solution.
Ca s Contour Nodal
Solution Data xut hin.
Chn DOF Solution v chn
Fluid velocity (vn tc theo c
hai phng X v Y), bm OK.
Hnh v c biu din nh
hnh 7.27.
Hnh 7.27
Ta thy rng nu th hin nh th ny th kh c th nhn c bn trong. V vy:

u tin chuyn mt phng lm vic v mt phng yoz.
COMMAND: Utility Menu WorkPlane Display Working Plane. (hin th mt phng lm
vic)
COMMAND: Utility Menu WorkPlane Offset WP by Increments.
Ca s Offset WP xut hin.
Tng gi tr gc xoay ln 900 bng cch ko thanh cun t gi tr 30 n gi tr 90.
Sau nhp vo Y- mt ln, bm OK.
Xoay quanh trc Y

(cng chiu kim ng h)
ln gc xoay
khi nhp chut mt ln
Hnh 7.28
COMMAND: Utility Menu PlotCntrls Style Hidden Line Options

Ca s Hidden Line Options xut hin.
Chn mc Q-Slice Z-buffer trong Type of Plot v Working Plane trong Cutting
Plane is. Lc ny ANSYS s th hin kt qu phn tch trn mt phng lm vic v
xem mt phng lm vic nh l mt phng ct.
Solution.
212

Chn DOF Solution v chn Fluid velocity (vn tc theo c hai phng X v Y), bm
OK.
Hnh 7.29
Kt qu vn tc c th hin bng vector c th hin nh hnh 7.30.
Hnh 7.30
213
IV. PHN TCH DNG CHY CA GI I QUA DY NI ROCKY.

Khi mt vn tc gi i qua dy ni Rocky ti vng Denver Colorado. Kt qu l dng chy
theo ba hng ca gi s lm thay i s phn b p sut xung quanh thnh ph gn . p
sut phn b ny quyt nh n thi tit quanh thnh ph. V vy mc tiu ca bi ton ny l
biu din p sut thay i khi dng gi i qua dy ni Rocky.
Gi
Hnh 7.31
D liu bi ton:
T l gia kch tht tht v kch tht tnh tan trong bi c thu nh li 1000 ln.
Gi s cc ngn ni c m hnh thnh nhng conic volume (khi hnh nn).
Trng gi tc dng c gii hn trong mt cube volume (khi lp phng).
Hnh hc:
Ngn ni th nht:
Bn knh dy: Rad1 = 2.4 m
Bn knh nh: Rad2 = 0
Chiu cao: Depth = - 4.346 m
Ngn ni th hai:
Bn knh dy: Rad1 = 2.5 m
Bn knh nh: Rad2 = 0
Chiu cao: Depth = - 3.7 m
Tm ngn ni th nht cch ngn ni th 2 theo phng x l 2.5m.
Tm ngn ni th nht cch ngn ni th 2 theo phng y l 0.5m.
Tnh cht ca dng lu cht: l khng kh
Vn tc ca knh vo l 0.013 m/s (gn bng 30m/pht nh thc t)
Khi lng ring ca khng kh 1.23 kg/m3
nht: 1.79 10-5 .
iu kin bin:
214
Vn tc bng 0 ti cc thnh gii hn trng gi.

Vn tc khi gi ti cc ngn ni bng 0.
1. Chn kiu bi ton

2. To m hnh tnh ton

a) To dy ni.
u tin chuyn mt phng lm vic v mt phng xoz.
COMMAND: Utility Menu WorkPlane Display Working Plane (hin th mt phng lm
vic).
Sau nhp vo X+ mt ln, bm OK.
Xoay quanh trc X

(ngc chiu kim ng h)
ln gc xoay
khi nhp chut mt ln
Hnh 7.32
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Volume Cone By

Picking.
Ca s Cone by Picking xut hin.
WP X = 2.5 WP Y = 2.5 Rad 1 = 2.4 Rad 2 = 0.0 Depth = 4.346
Bm Apply. Th ca s Cone by Picking xut hin tr li.
WP X = 5.0 WP Y = 3.0 Rad 1 = 2.5 Rad 2 = 0.0 Depth = 3.7
Bm OK.
b) Cng cc conic volume vi nhau.
215
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Operate Boolean Add

Volumes.
Ca s Add Volumes
xut hin, ng thi mn
hnh xut hin hnh mi
tn hng ln ( ).
Nhp chn Pick All, th
dy ni c to nh
hnh 7.33.
Hnh 7.33
c) To trng gi tc dng:
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Volumes Block By 2
Corners & Z.
Ca s Block By 2 Corners & Z xut hin.
WP X = 2.5 WP Y = 4.0 Width= 12.5 Height = 12 Depth = 10
Bm OK.
b) Tr cc volume trng gi vi cc conic volume.

COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Operate Boolean Subtract
Volumes.
Ca s Subtract Volumes xut hin, ng thi mn hnh xut hin hnh mi tn
hng ln ( ).
Nhp chn volume trng gi, bm OK.
Nhp chn conic volume, bm OK.

a) Chn kiu phn t.
cn s dng.
216

COMMAND: Preprocessor Meshing Size Cntrls ManualSize Global Size.
Ca s Global Element Sizes s xut hin.
Nhp gi tr 15 vo NDIV, bm OK.
c) Chia li.
COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Meshing Mesh Volumes Free.
Ca s Mesh Volumes xut hin, ng thi mn hnh xut hin hnh mi tn hng
ln ( ).
Nhp chn volume trn mn hnh, bm OK.
4. Nhp thuc tnh dng lu cht.

COMMAND: Main Menu Preprocessor Material Props Material Models.
Ca s Define Material Model Behavior s xut hin.
Nhp i vo CFD ri Density lm xut hin hp thoi Density for Materials Number
1.
Nhp vo cc gi tr DENS = 1.23 (khi lng ring), nhp OK.
Nhp i vo CFD ri Viscosity lm xut hin hp thoi Viscosity for Materials
Number 1.
Nhp vo cc gi tr VISC
= 1.79e-5 ( nht), nhp
OK.
Tt cc ca s.
5. Nhp iu kin bin.

Hin cc line d dng trong
vic gn cc iu kin bin:
COMMAND: Utility Menu [A]
Plot Lines.
a) Nhp iu kin bin cho area

knh u vo
Hnh 7.34

Lines.
217
ln ( ).
Nhp vo area [A] trong hnh 7.34.
Nhp gi tr 0.013 vo VZ v gi tr 0 vo VY v VX,bm OK.
b) Nhp iu kin bin cho area knh u ra

DOF On Lines.
hng ln ( ).
Nhp vo cc area thuc volume trng gi ngoi tr mt [A] (hnh 6.38) v mt y
di (i din cho mt t), bm OK th ca s Apply PRES on lines xut hin.
Nhp gi tr 0 vo PRES, bm OK.
c) Nhp iu kin bin cho dy ni v mt t.

Lines.
ln ( ).
Nhp tt c cc area thuc dy ni v area mt y di (i din cho mt t) .
Nhp gi tr 0 vo VX, VY, bm OK.
6. Thc hin tnh ton

a) Ci t FLOTRAN.


Chn AIR-SI trong cc Density, Viscosity, Conductivity v Specific heat.
Bm OK.
218
b) Thc hin tnh ton.

Note, bm Close.
7. X l kt qu
Kt qu vn tc c th hin bng vector nh hnh 7.35 (th hin 3 hnh chiu ng, bng,
cnh v c hnh 3D).
Hnh 7.35
219
COMMAND: Main Menu General

Postproc Plot Results Contour
Plot Nodal Solution.
Ca s Contour Nodal Solution
Data xut hin.
Chn DOF Solution v chn
Fluid velocity (vn tc theo c hai
phng X v Y), bm OK. Hnh
v c biu din nh hnh 7.36.
Hnh 7.36
Nu th hin nh th th kh c th nhn c bn trong. V vy:

u tin chuyn mt phng lm vic v mt phng yoz.
COMMAND: Utility Menu WorkPlane Display Working Plane. (hin th mt phng lm
vic)
Sau nhp vo X- mt ln ri nhp vo Y- mt ln,bm OK.
Di chuyn mt phng lm vic ti v tr i qua nh ngn ni th nht:

Ca s Create Keypoint in Active Coordinate System xut hin.
Nhp vo cc ta Y = 20 v Z = 2.5.
Di chuyn gc ta ca mt phng lm vic n keypoint va to.

COMMAND: Utility Menu WorkPlane Offset WP to Keypoints.
Ca s Offset WP to Keypoints xut hin.
Nhp vo keypoint va to, nhp OK.
Nhng by gi vn cha s dng h ta c. Mun s dng c th:

Utility Menu WorkPlane Change Active CS to Working Plane.
Thc hin iu chnh sau:

COMMAND: Utility Menu PlotCntrls Style Hidden Line Options
Ca s Hidden Line Options xut hin.
220
Chn mc Q-Slice Z-buffer trong Type of Plot v Working Plane trong Cutting
Plane is. Lc ny ANSYS s th hin kt qu phn tch trn mt phng lm vic v
xem mt phng lm vic nh l mt phng ct.
Th hin kt qu:
Solution.
Chn DOF Solution v chn Fluid velocity (vn tc theo c hai phng X v Y), ri
bm OK. Hnh v c biu din nh hnh 7.37.
Hnh 7.37
221
Chu:cmg 8 Ung dl;lng ANSYS vao bai toan truyJn nhit
Chu'dng 8
lfNG DUNG
. ANSYS VAG
, , 'A A
BAI TOAN TRUYEN NHIET
I. D~C DIEM CHUNG CVA BAI ToAN TRUYEN NHIT.

Thong thucmg, nhi~t truy~n tu d6i tUQ'ng co nhi~t do cao d~n d6i tUQ'ng co nhi~t do th~p.
Truy~n nhi~t lam thay d6i noi nang cua ca hai M theo dinh luat thu nh~t cua nhi~t dong h,rc
hoc.
Trong ph~n nay, mot SlJ phan tich nhi~t g~n li~n v6i mot SlJ phan tich ung su~t d~ danh gia tinh
tr~ng nguyen v~n cua k~t du trong tung bo phan du6i SlJ tac dong cua cac di~u ki~n nhi~t do.
Trong d~ng d~c trung cua bai toan truy~n nhi~t, thi m\1C tieu chinh la dua ra cac d~i IUQ'ng
nhi~t trong mot vat th~ du6i cac di~u ki~n bien. Cac d~i IUQ'ng do bao g6m: nhi~t do, gradient
nhi~t (chenh l~ch nhi~t do), IUQ'ng tan nhi~t ... Co hai ki~u chinh trong phan tich nhi~t:
1 TruyJn nhit 6n d;nh (steady-state heat transfer): lai giai khong ph\1 thuoc vao thai
gIan.
2 TruyJn nhit nhdt thOi (transient heat transfer): co cac di~u ki~n ban d~u, lai giai ph\1
thuoc vao thai gian. N~u lai giai t~m thai thu duQ'c cho mot chu trinh thai gian dai thi
lai giai ky vong hoi t\1 t6i lai giai 6n dinh.
ANSYS trang bi ba ki~u phan tich truy~n nhi~t chinh: &in nhit (conduction), d6i ltnt
(convection) va bue xq. nhit (radiation). Thong thuang su d\1ng hai ph~n tu truy~n nhi~t la
PLANE55 and SOLID70.
222
II. BAI ToAN NHlT TRUYEN QUA HAl BUC TlfONG.

Mot 16 d6t co kich thuac nhu hinh 8.1 duQ'c lam tu hai vat li~u.
30m
12 m
...................................
~ ~
~ ~
~
~ 0
a ~
~
~)O m..... ~
.::....... .::.
.::. .::.
..................................
.::. .::.
Hinh 8.1
D6i vai tucmg ben trong, vat li~u la bHang (concrete) vai M s6 d~n nhi~t kc = 0.01W/m2K.
2
Tucmg ben ngoai la g~ch (brick) co M s6 d~n nhi~t kb = 0.00S7W/m K. Nhi~t do trong 16 la
673K va M s6 truy~n nhi~t d6i luu kl = 0.208W/m 2K. Tucmg ngoai truy~n ra khang khi xung
quanh vai nhi~t do la 2S3 K va M s6 truy~n nhi~t d6i luu k2 = 0.068 W/m K. Xac dinh SlJ phan
2
b6 nhi~t do trong ph~m vi gifra tucmg bHang va tucmg g~ch trong tr~ng thai f>n dinh. Xac dinh
d6ng nhi~t qua m6i tucmg.
1. ChQn ki~u bili toan

Chon Thermal, b~m OK.
2. T~o rno hinh tinh toan
Nh~p chon a Area numbers (AREA), b~m OK.
a) T~o lap g~ch.

Trnac tien t~o hai hinh chfr nhat (rectangle area).
Dimensions.
Nhap cac gia tri:
Xl = -IS X2 = IS Yl = -IS Yl = IS.
R6i b~m Apply, thi cua sf> "Create Rectangle by Dimensions" se xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i.
223
Nhap cac gia tri:

Xl =-6 X2=6 Yl =-6 Yl = 6.
B~m OK.
K~ ti~p ta se tm rectangle area Ian vai rectangle area nho.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Operate ~ Boolean ~Subtract
~Areas.
Cua sf> "Subtract Areas" xu~t hi~n,

KA.V ,. 2008
U:Ol : 05
d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh

Nh~p chon rectangle area lan, b~m
OK.
Sau d6 nh~p chon rectangle area nho,
b~m OK. Thi rna hinh duQ'C t~o nhu
hinh 8.2.
Hinh 8.2
a) T~o lap bHang.
Trnac tien t~o hai hinh chu nhat (rectangle area).
Dimensions.
Nhap cac gia tri:
Xl =-6 X2=6 Yl =-6 Yl = 6.
B~m Apply, cua sf> "Create Rectangle by Dimensions" se xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i.
Nhap cac gia tri:
Xl =-5 X2=5 Yl =-5 Yl = 5.
B~m OK.
Tm rectangle area Ian vai rectangle area nho.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Operate ~ Boolean ~ Subtract
~Areas.
Cua sf> "Subtract Areas" xu~t hi~n, d6ng

thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon rectangle area lan, b~m OK.
Sau d6 nh~p chon rectangle area nho,
b~m OK. Thi rna hinh duQ'C t~o nhu hinh
8.3.
Hinh 8.3
224
c) Dan hai area d~i di~n cho hai lap vat li~u vai nhau.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modelling~ Operate ~ Boolean ~ Glue
~Areas.
Cua s6 "Glue Areas" se xu~t hi~n.

Chon Pick All.
3. Nh~p tinh ch~t v~t li~u va moi tnrimg hie dt.mg

Nh~p dai vao Thermal ~ Conductivity ~ Isotropic lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i
"Conductivity for Materials Number 1".
Nhap vao cac gia tri KXX =0.01 (M sf> d~n nhi~t cua bHang), nh~p OK.
Cua s6 "Define Material Model Behavior" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i.
Chon Material ~New Model d~ dinh them mot thuoc tinh vat li~u nfra (thuoc tinh vat
li~u cho lap g~ch).
Cua s6 "Define Material ID" se xu~t hi~n, nhap sf> 2 vao a Define Material ID, b~m
OK.
Cua s6 "Define Material Model Behavior" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai trong khung
Material Mode Defined xu~t hi~n Material Model Number 2.
Tuang W nhu Material Model Number 1 nh~p dai vao Thermal ~ Conductivity
~ Isotropic lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Conductivity for Materials Number 2".
Nhap vao cac gia tri KXX = 0.0057 (M sf> d~n nhi~t cua g~ch), nh~p OK.
T~t cac cua s6.
dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon Solid r6i chon Qua 4node 55, chon OK.
Cua s6 "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu nh~t laPLANE55.
B~m Close.
b) Dinh kich thu6t ph~n tlr.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Size Cntrls ~ ManualSize ~ Global
~Size
Cua s6 "Global Element Sizes" se xu~t hi~n.

Nhap gia tri 0.5 vao a SIZE, b~m OK.
225
c) Gtm vat li~u cho lap bHang va lap g~ch.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Mesh Attributes----+Picked Areas.
Cua sf> "Areas Attributes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang
len(t).
Nh~p chon area d~i di~n cho lap bHang tren man hinh, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Areas Attributes" khac xu~t hi~n, nh~p chon sf> 1 trong a MAT, b~m Apply.
Cua sf> "Areas Attributes" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon area d~i di~n cho lap g~ch tren man hinh, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Areas Attributes" khac xu~t hi~n, nh~p chon sf> 2 trong a MAT, b~m OK.
d) Chia luai.
(t ).
Nh~p Pick All.

Cua sa "Plot Numbering J\N
Controls" se xu~t hi~n. JUT 1 lons
1~: Z4l :4IJ
Nh~p chon m\lC Material numbers

trong ph~n Eleml Attrib
numbering va m\lC Colors only
trong a [INVM} Numbering shown
with r6i b~m OK, thi rna hinh
duQ'C chia luai nhu hinh 8.4.
Hinh 8.4

Hi~n cac line d~ d~ dang trong vi~c gan cac di~u ki~n bien.
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ Plot ~ Lines.
Nh~p chon m\lC Element numbers trong ph~n Eleml Attrib numbering, b~m OK.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Thermal ~ Convection

~OnLines.
226
Cua sf> "Apply CONVon Lines" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon b6n qmh phia trong cua lap bHang (m~t ben trong cua b~p 16).
Cua sf> "Apply CONVon Lines" khac xu~t hi~n, nhap cac gia tri sau:
./ VALl Film coefficient=0.208 W/m 2 K (M s6 truy~n nhi~t d6i luu) .
./ VAL21 Bulk temperature =673 K (nhi~t do trong 16).
Nh~p OK.
~OnLines.
Cua sf> "Apply CONVon Lines" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon b6n qmh phia ngoai cua lap g~ch (m~t ben ngoai cua b~p 16).
./ VALl Film coefficient = 0.068 W/m 2 K (M s6 truy~n nhi~t d6i luu) .
./ VAL21 Bulk temperature = 253 K (nhi~t do ngoai 16).
Nh~p OK.
6. Giai bili toaD
Nh~p Close.
7. Xu If k~t qua
a) Th~ hi~n k~t qua b~ng vector.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ General Postproc ~ Plot Results ~ Vector Plot ~ Predefined
Cua sf> "Vector Plot ofPredefinedVectors" xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p chon Thermal flux TF, b~m OK. Thi k~t qua vector thong lu:r;mg nhit duQ'c th~
hi~n nhu hinh 8.6.a
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ General Postproc ~ Plot Results ~ Vector Plot ~ Predefined
Cua sf> "Vector Plot ofPredefinedVectors" xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p chon Thermal grad TG, b~m OK. Thi k~t qua vector gradient nhit d(J duQ'c th~
hi~n nhu hinh 8.6.b.
227
"<1"01\ IUIT "1 :lOO.

" moo.
mpl m.l
. . . .1
nllE1
l'!S9!)1
"""1
na. l
17
ELlIl.ZI
ftlll".OOlHS
'"
ELU .. Zl
IfIII"l.S'"
1U,X .nn I\AX _" . US
. 008965 . Hi!)." . 129912 . "90", 51 _'S099I 1.5"13 1'1.ot i) 3L". 19.%iot 65.1'TS
. 019219 .2:19727 .110Z" . 5101'.... . nU5' !iI.523 Z5 .4 H tL n.. 57.225 73.125
a) b)
Hinh 8.6
b) Th~ hi~n k~t qua b~ng bang milU.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ General Postproc ~ Plot Results ~ Contour Plot ~ Nodal
Solution.
Cua so "Contour Nodal J\N
".AT "1 lOOe:
:n-cr.l
Solution Data" xu~t hi~n.
ll) ! ij" ~ 1l
:nllt "1
T1~1
nil, tAVG)
~n .. o
Chon DOF Solution va chon :llW "4~' . U.
;IlL'( ." 1. :.t7
Temperature TEMP, b~m OK.

Hinh ve v~ phan bE> nhi~t do
trong b~p 16 duQ'c bi~u di~n
nhu hinh 8.7.
lS3 . 0U ,j .jj i.01l 4.)9.0"1ii Sn . Oit i2S . 0n

299 . 5'1' '91: .574 f85.5'11!1 57!.se, &'71.587
Hinh 8.7
b) Th~ hi~n k~t qua b~ng PATH ....... I\N

KAi' 8 2008
OPERATION. 'J'VP~ PI ......
11.10;49

Postproc ~ Path Operations ~ Define
Path ~ By Nodes. /-
Cua sf> "By Nodes" xu~t hi~n, Lx
[Bj'
d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh
mlii ten huang len (t ). -"-
Nh~p vao hai nut b~t ky, mot nut [A]/
thuoc m~t ben trong cua b~p 16,
Hinh 8.8
228
mot di~m thuoc m~t ben ngoai cua b~p 16 nhu hinh 8.8, nh~p OK.
Cua sf> "By Nodes" khac xu~t hi~n. Nhap ten AB va 0 Name, r6i b~m OK.
Sau do cua sf> "PATH Command' xu~t hi~n (giai thich noi dung dinh nghla Path).
Nh~p vao ky hi~u X 0 g6c tren ben phai d~ t~t cua sf> nay.
COMMAND: MainMenu~General Postproc~Path Operations~Map onto Path.

Cua sf> "Map Result Items onto Path" xu~t hi~n.
Chon Flux & gradient va chon:
./ Thermal grad TGX, r6i b~m Apply.
./ Thermal grad TGY, r6i b~m Apply.
./ Thermal grad TGSUM, b~m OK.
COMMAND: MainMenu~General Postproc~Path Operations~Plot Path Item~On

Graph.
POSTl
J\N
Cua sf> "Plot of Path STEP=!
MAY 8 2008
.1.1 ; 20 : 02
Items on Graph" xu~t

SUB =1
TIME=l
PATH PLOT
NOD1=167
hi~n. NOD2=416
T:;~'
Chon TGX, TGY va T GY

TGSUM
TGSUM trong 0 Labl-6 19.936
r6i b~m OK. K~t qua 9.969
tinh toan th~ hi~n nhu -9.965
hinh 8.9. -19 . 932
-29.899
-39.866
-49.833 L....-~......::=- _ _ _ _ _ __
10
5
DIST
Hinh 8.9
II. PHAN TicH NHlT CVA MQT THIET BJ DIJ~N.

Cac d~ng hong thong thucmg trong cac linh ki~n di~n tu la cac ung su~t nhi~t sinh ra t~i nhfrng
nai co nhi~t do cao cung vai vi~c M s6 gian no cua cac lap vat li~u khac nhau.
Cho mot thi~t bi bao g6m mot vi m~ch (chip ho~c silicon die), mot lap nhva epoxy (epoxy die-
attach), mot lap n~n (substrate), va mot bo phan nhi~t lam b~ng d6ng (copper heat spreader)
duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh 8.10. Cac thuoc tinh ca nhi~t cua cac vat li~u duQ'C cho trong bang 8.1.
Trong phan tich nhi~t nh~t thai cua bai toan nay thi khong khi moi truang co nhi~t do la
Too = 2SoC (nhi~t do moi truang - ambient temperature). T~c ca cac m~t (ngo~i tm m~t d6i
xung- duang th~ng th~ng dung co t~o do x=O) d~u xay ra sv m~t mat nhi~t d6i luu vai M s6
229
truy~n nhi~t h=5W/(m2.0C). Nhi~t do phM sinh t~i m~t phia duai cua lap silicon (m~t ti~p xuc
nhau gifra lap silicon va epoxy) va duQ'C bi~u di~n nhu mot thong luang nhi~t khong d6i
q=1000W/m. Nhi~t do ban d~u cua thi~t bi duQ'c gia dinh la khong d6i va l~y thea nhi~t do
cua moi trnang Too = 25C. Sv trao d6i nhi~t xay ra trong mot chu kY 5 phut (300 giay). Hay
xac dinh mi~n ung su~t t~i mot sf> vi tri tren thi~t bi.
5mm
2m m Copper
1mm Silicon
0.1 mm Epoxy
2mm Substrate
10mm
Hinh 8.10
ThuQc tinh Substrate Epoxy Silicon Substrate

sf> thv W 1 2 3 4
Modun dan h6i: E (GPa) 22 7.4 163 129
H~ sf> Possion: v 0.39 0.4 0.278 0.344
H~ sf> gian nO': a(1O-6/o C ) 18 52 2.6 14.3
H~ sf> d~n nhi~t: (W/m_OC)
K 2 100 150 396
Nhi~t dung rieng (ty trong): c (J/kg.oC) 840 535 703 384
Khf>i lUQ'ng riengp {kg/m3) 220 6450 2330 8940
Bang 8.1

Cua s6 "Preferences for GUI Filtering' xu~t hi~n.
Chon Structural va Thermal r6i b~m OK.
Cua s6 "Plot Numbering Controls" se xu~t hi~n.
230
Nh~p chon a Area numbers (AREA), b~rn OK.
a) T~o cac lap vat li~u.

Dimensions. AN
2008 P<Ut."( .,
Cua sf> "Create Rectangle by 13: 42 :4 "
Dimensions" se xu~t hi~n.

Nhap cac gia tri cua cac hinh
chu nhat thea bang 8.2.
R6i b~rn OK, thi rna hinh
duQ'C t~o nhu hinh 8. 11
Hinh 8.11
So thfr tl!
Area No. Xl X2 YI Y2
v~t li~u
1 0 Se-3 0 2e-3 1
2 Se-3 7.Se-3 0 2e-3 1
3 7.Se-3 10e-3 0 2e-3 1
4 0 Se-3 2e-3 2.1e-3 2
S 0 Se-3 2.1e-3 3.1e-3 3
6 0 Se-3 3.1e-3 S.le-3 4
Bang 8.2
b) Dan cac area d~i di~n cho cac lap vat li~u vai nhau.
~Areas.
Cua sf> "Glue Areas" se xu~t hi~n.

Chon Pick All.
3. Nh~p tiuh ch~t v~t li~u va moi tnrimg hie dt.mg.

Ban d~u se t~o vat li~u cho substrate
231
Nh~p d6i vito Structural, Linear, Elastic, va Isotropic lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Linear
Isotropic Properties for Materials Number 1".
Nhap vao cac gia tri EX = 22e9 va PRXY = 0.39, b~m OK.
Nh~p d6i vao Structural, Thermal Expansion, Secant Coefficient va Isotropic lam xu~t
hi~n hop tho~i "Thermal Expansion Secant Coefficient for Materials Number 1".
Nhap vao gia tri ALPX = 18e-6, b~m OK.

Nh~p d6i vao Structural, Density lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Density for Materials
Number 1".
Nhap vao gia tri DEN = 220, b~m OK.
Nh~p d6i vao Thermal, Conductivity, va Isotropic lam xuat hi~n hop tho~i
Nhap vao gia tri KXX = 2, b~m OK.
Nh~p d6i vao Thermal, Specific Heat lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Specific Heat for
Materials Number 1".
Nhap vao gia tri C = 840, b~m OK.
Tren cua sf> "Define Material Model Behavior", chon Material ~ New Model d~ dinh them ba
ki~u thuoc tinh con l~i. Khi t~o xong mot ki~u vat li~u mai thi chung ta lam tuang W nhu tren
vai s6li~u cho trong bang 8.1.

dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon Solid r6i chon Qua 4node 55, chon OK.
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu nh~t laPLANE55.
B~m Close.
b) Gan vat li~u.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Mesh Attributes---+Picked Areas.
Cua sf> "Areas Attributes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang
len (t).
Nh~p chon area d~i di~n cho lap substrate tren man hinh, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Areas Attributes" khac xu~t hi~n, nh~p chon s6 1 trong 6 MAT, b~m Apply.
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon area d~i di~n cho lap epoxy tren man hinh, b~m OK.
232
Cua sf> "Areas Attributes" khac xu~t hi~n, nh~p chon sf> 2 trong aMAT, b~m Apply.
Cua sf> "Areas Attributes" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t).
Nh~p chon area d~i di~n cho lap silicon tren man hinh, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Areas Attributes" khac xu~t hi~n, nh~p chon sf> 3 trong aMAT, b~m Apply.
huang len (t).
Nh~p chon area d~i di~n cho lap copper tren man hinh, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Areas Attributes" khac xu~t hi~n, nh~p chon sf> 4 trong aMAT, b~m OK.
d) Chia luai.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Mesh ~ Areas ~ Mapped ~ 3 or 4
sided
(t ).
Nh~p Pick All.

Nh~p chon m\lC Material J\N
M.LV 10 2001
numbers trong ph~n Eleml 10 :11: ~!I
Attrib numbering va m\lC

Colors only trong a [INVM}
Numbering shown with r6i
b~m OK, thi rna hinh duQ'C
chia luai nhu hinh 8.12.
Hinh 8.12

a) Nhap cac di~u ki~n bien df>i luu
~OnLines.
Cua sf> "Apply CONVon Lines" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t).
233
Nh~p chon cac qmh phia ngoai (ngoai tm duang th~ng th~ng dung co toa do x = 0).
DuQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh 8.13.
./ VALl Film coejjicient=5 W/m 2K (h~ s6 truy~n nhi~t d6i luu).
./ VAL21 Bulk temperature =25 K (nhi~t do moi truang).
Nh~p OK.
I\N
M.t.Y 1.0 200$
10:11 : :1'
1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - :
, .
i== == ====== == =- -;:................................. ~
, C
I C
I c
.~~ .............................. .I....................................... ~
Hinh 8.13
b) Nhap di~u ki~n dong nhi~t phM sinh (thong luang nhi~t).
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Thermal ~ Heat Flux ~ On
Lines.
Cua sf> "Apply HFLUX on lines" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t).
Nh~p chon duang th~ng a gifra lap silicon va lap epoxy, b~m OK
Cua sf> "Apply HFLUX on lines" khac xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri 1000 vao 0 VALl Heat
flux, b~m OK.
c) Nhap di~u ki~n ban d~u t~i cac nut.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Initial Condit'n ~ Define.
Cua sf> "Define Initial Conditions" se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh
mlii ten huang len (t).
Chon Pick All, thi cua sf> "Define Initial Conditions" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon m\lC TEMP trong 0 Lab va nhap gia tri 25 vao 0 VALUE, b~m OK.
6. Giai bili toaD

a) Khai bao ki~u phan tich.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "New Analysis".
Nh~p chon m\lC Transient r6i b~m OK, thi cua sf> "Transient Analysis" se xu~t hi~n.
234
B~m chon OK.
b) Di~u khi~n qua trinh giai.

COMMAND: MainMenu~Solution~Analysis Type ~Sol'n Controls.
Cua sf> "Solution Controls" se xu~t hi~n.
Trong Tab Basic:
.,/ Time Control:
Nhap gia tri 300 vao 6 Time at end of load step.
Chon Offtrong 6 Automatic time stepping.
Nhap gia tri 100 vao 6 Number ofsub steps.
.,/ Write Items to Results File:
Chon Write every substep trong 6 Frequency
B~m OK.
c) Ti~n hanh giai bai toano
COMMAND: MainMenuSolution ~ Solve ~ Current LS.
Nh~p Close.
7. Xu If k~t qua
a) Dinh bu6c nhay thai gian.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ General Postproc ~ Read Results ~ By Load Step
Cua sf> "Read Results by Load Step Number" se xu~t hi~n.
Nhap gia tri 100 cho 6 SBSTEP Substep number, b~m OK.
b) Th~ hi~n k~t qua b~ng bang mau. /\N

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ General "US - lOa
MA.Y 10 2009
11:"3:31
Tll1t--JOO
Postproc ~ Plot Results ~ Contour 'l'tMl'
IO.:lJYjpO
(AVG}
eHtl - 55.052
Plot~Nodal Solution. !j;M:( "'!il.QS.
Cua sf> "Contour Nodal Solution

Data" xu~t hi~n.
Chon DOF Solution va chon
Temperature, b~m OK. Hinh ve
v~ phan bE> nhi~t do duQ'c bi~u
di~n nhu hinh 8.14.
Hinh 8.14
235
III. BQ TAN NHlT.

Bo tan nhi~t co kich thu6c cho nhu hinh 8.15 (dan vi chung la mm), co b~ day 100 mm, duQ'c
lam b~ng nhom co M sf> d~n nhi~t K=170W/mmK. B~ m~t du6i duQ'c dua vao mot thong lUQ'ng
nhi~t la h~ng sf> va co gia tri q = 1000W/mm. Nhi~t do xung quanh m~t tren la 293K. H~ sf>
truy~n nhi~t gifra SUCYll va khong khi xung quanh h = 40W/mm K.
2
Xac dinh SlJ phan bf> nhi~t do.

10 10
~ ~ ~ ~
r-- - - r-- r-- r-- r-- - r--
20 20 20
r----
- -
.--- -
;
0
0
.......
<n 0
00 II")
-
if .....
-- '-- - -- ..... -
<n
M
330
Hinh 8.15


Nh~p chon 0 Area numbers (AREA), b~m OK.
a) T~o 2D
Dimensions.
Nhap cac gia tri thea bang 8.3 nhu sau:
Area No. Xl X2 YI Y2
1 -165 165 0 100
2 -165 -105 85 100
3 105 165 85 100
4 -145 -125 40 85
236
5 125 145 40 85
6 -105 -95 25 100
7 95 105 25 100
8 -85 -75 25 100
9 -65 -55 25 100
10 -45 -35 25 100
11 85 75 25 100
12 65 55 25 100
13 45 35 25 100
14 -25 -15 50 100
15 -5 5 50 100
16 15 25 50 100
Bang 8.3
B~rn OK.
Trir rectangle area Ian vai cac rectangle area nho.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Operate ~ Boolean ~Subtract ~
Areas.
I\N
Cua sf> "Subtract Areas" xu~t hi~n, MAY 1.0 2008
14:2:6 : 2.8
d6ng thai rnim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh

rnlii ten huang len (t).
Nh~p chon rectangle area lan, b~rn - r--
OK.
Sau d6 nh~p chon cac rectangle -
area nho, b~rn OK. Thi rna hinh
duQ'C t~o nhu hinh 8. 16.
Hinh 8.16
b) T~o 3D
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Operate ~ Extrude ~ Areas
~Along Normal.
237
Cua sf> "Extrude Areas by Norm"

xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t HAY 10 200e
14 !3 4:J 3
hi~n hinh mlii ten huang len (t ).

Nh~p chon area tren mim hinh,
b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Extrude Areas along
Normal' xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri
100 vao a DIST Length of
extrusion, b~m OK. Thi rna hinh
duQ'C t~o nhu hinh 8. 17.
Hinh 8.17

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Material Props ~Material Models.
Nh~p dai vao Thermal ~ Conductivity ~ Isotropic lam xuat hi~n hop tho~i
Nhap vao cac gia tri KXX = 170 (M sf> d~n nhi~t), nh~p OK.
T~t cac cua sf>.

dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon Solid r6i chon Tet 10node 87, chon OK.
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu nh~t la Solid87.
B~m Close.
b) Dinh kich thu6t ph~n tu.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Size Cntrls ~ ManualSize ~ Global
~Size
Cua sf> "Global Element Sizes" se xu~t hi~n.

Nhap gia tri 0.5 vao a SIZE, b~m OK.
c) Gan vat li~u.
238
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Mesh Attributes----+Picked Volumes.

Cua sf> "Volumes Attributes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t).
Nh~p chon Volume tren mim hinh, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Volumes Attributes" khac xu~t hi~n, nh~p chon sf> 1 trong aMAT, b~m OK.
d) Chia luai.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Mesh ~ Volumes ~ Free.
Cua sa "Mesh I\N
MAY .to 2008
Volumes" xuat hi~n, 14:48:4Z
d6ng thai mim hinh

xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p Pick All. Thi rna
hinh se duQ'c chia luai
nhu hinh 8.18.
Hinh 8.18

~OnAreas.
Cua sf> "Apply CONV on Areas" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t).
Nh~p chon t~t cac area co tren rna hinh (ngo~i tm area a duai cua rna hinh), r6i b~m
OK
Cua sf> "Apply CONVon Areas" khac xu~t hi~n, nhap:
.,/ VALl Film coejjicient=40 W/mm 2 K .
.,/ VAL21 Bulk temperature =293 K.
Nh~p OK.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Thermal ~ Heat Flux ~ On
Areas.
Cua sf> "Apply HFLUX on Areas" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t).
Nh~p chon area a duai cua rna hinh, b~m OK.
239
Cua sf> "Apply HFLUX on areas" khac xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri 1000 vito 0 VALl Heat
flux, b~m OK.
6. Giai bili toaD

Nh~p Close.
7. Xu If k~t qua
a) Th~ hi~n k~t qua b~ng bang mau.
Solution.
Chon DOF Solution va chon Temperature, b~m OK. Phan bE> nhi~t do bi~u di~n nhu
hinh 8.19.a.
Chon Thermal Flux va chon thermal flux vector sum, b~m OK. Tf>ng thong IUQ'ng
nhi~t duQ'c bi~u di~n nhu hinh 8.19.b.
:J".pa.1 ",.,.1
aiit' - l. flue - I
t'lJItPl "J:t<Pl
':IKP rt.".,..
UYPO _n-po
,l09!-O)
a) b)
Hinh 8.19
b) Th~ hi~n k~t qua b~ngPATH OPERATION.

COMMAND: MainMenu ~ General Postproc ~ Path Operations ~ Define Path ~ On
Working Plane.
240
Cua so "On Working AREAS

J\N
Plane" xu~t hi~n, chon TYPE NUM
MAY 10 200B
14:26 : 28
Arbitrary path, r6i b~m

OK.
Cua so "On Working
Plane" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, - ,---
d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t

hi~n hinh mlii ten
L- P _
- -
huang len (t), va man L- _ _ L- /
[B]
hinh tr6' v~ d~ng 2D vai ... x
m~t ph~ng dang xet la / ...

m~t ph~ng lam vi~c [A]
(Working Plane).
Sau do nh~p vao hai nut
b~t ky, mot nut co t~o do Hinh 8.20
g~n trung vai t~o do (0,0),
mot nut k~ ti~p thea phuang th~ng dung len co toa do g~n trung vai toa do (0,50),duQ'c
th~ hi~n nhu hinh 8.20, nh~p OK.
Cua sf> "On Working Plane" khac xu~t hi~n. Nhap ten AB va 0 Name, b~m OK.
COMMAND: MainMenu~General Postproc~Path Operations~Map onto Path.

Cua sf> "Map Result Items onto Path" xu~t hi~n.
Chon Flux & gradient va chon:
./ Thermal grad TGX, r6i b~m Apply.
./ Thermal grad TGY, r6i b~m Apply.
./ Thermal grad TGZ, r6i b~m Apply.
./ Thermal grad
J\N
TGSUM, b~m OK. MA 10 200e
:2.1:$J ,18

Postproc ~ Path Operations ~ Plot
Path Item ~ On Graph.
Cua sf> "Plot of Path Items on
Graph" xu~t hi~n.
Chon TGX, TGY, TGZ va
TGSUM trong 0 Labl-6, b~m
-.... ne. I<:::..... _ _ _ _ _ _ __
10. 00<:
15-.(0)
<:0.0004
lS.OOS
)0.006
35 . 007
40.00&
45.009
sO. ooe
OK. K~t qua tinh toan th~ hi~n DIST
nhu hinh 8.21.
Hinh 8.21
241
IV. BAI TOAN DAN NHlT BA CHIEU CVA MQT NOI NAu THUC AN (PAN).
Cho mot n6i n~u thuc an nhu hinh 8.22. Hay ki~m tra kha nang truy~n nhi~t thea ba chi~u cua
n6i n~u do.
~~---------------------,~.. ,........
~
R175
Hinh 8.22
Dfr li~u bai toan:

N6i n~u duQ'c lam hoan toan tu thep.
T~t ca dan vi duQ'c tinh thea S.f
Di~u ki~n bien:
, 2
./ M~t tren la lap d6i luu (h = 44 W/m K, TB = 293K) .
./ Cac m~t con l~i duQ'c cach nhi~t.
./ M~t a duai cua n6i co n6i vai mot bo cung dp nhi~t cho n6i, cung dp nhi~t do
450C.
Vat li~u:
./ d day d~ d~ dang cho vi~c tinh to an, ta l~y thuoc tinh vat li~u cua g~o va rau
xanh la tuang duang vai nuac. Cac thuoc tinh vat li~u cua nuac, kh6ng khi va
thep duQ'C th~ hi~n nhu bang 8. 4.
Vat li~u H~ s6 d~n nhi~t Nhi~t dung rieng Ty trong

(W/m.K) (J/kg-K) (kg/m3)
Nuac 0.61 4190 962
Thep 20 450 8000
Kh6ng khi 0.023 1000 1
Bang 8.4
1. ChQD ki~u bili toaD

242

a) T~o n6i n~u:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Volumes ~ Sphere ~
Hollow Sphere.
Cua sf> "Hollow Sphere" se xu~t hi~n.
Nhap ca.c gia tri sau:
WPX=O WPY=O Rad-l = 0.175 Rad-2= 0.17
B~m OK.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Volumes ~ Block ~ By
Dimensions.
Cua sf> "Create Block By Dimensions" se xu~t hi~n.
Nhap cac gia tri sau:
./ Xl =-0.18 X2=0.18
./ Yl =-0.025 Y2=0.18
./ Z 1 = - 0.18 Z2=0.18
B~m OK.
Bay gia chung ta se tm sphere (kh6i du) vai block (kh6i hOp).
~Volumes.
Cua sf> "Subtract Volumes" xu~t hi~n,

d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon sphere, b~m OK.
Sau d6 nh~p chon block, b~m OK. M6
hinh duQ'c t~o nhu hinh 8.23.
Hinh 8.23
b) T~o lap nuac.

Solid Sphere.
Cua sf> "Solid Sphere" se xu~t hi~n.
WPX=O WPY=O Rad= 0.17
B~m OK.
243

Dimensions.
Cua sf> "Create Block By Dimensions" se xu~t hi~n.
./ Xl =-0.18 X2=0.18
./ Y 1 = - 0.1 Y2=0.18
./ Z 1 = - 0.18 Z2=0.18
B~m OK.
~Volumes.
Cua sf> "Subtract Volumes" xu~t hi~n,

d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon sphere vua t~o, b~m OK.
Sau d6 nh~p chon block vua t~o r6i b~m
OK. M6 hinh duQ'c t~o nhu hinh 8.24.
Hinh 8.24
d) T~o nai phM nhi~t.

Solid Sphere.
Cua sf> "Solid Sphere" se xu~t hi~n.
WPX=O WPY=O Rad= 0.175
B~m OK.
K~ ti~p chuy~n m~t ph~ng lam vi~c v~ m~t ph~ng yoz.
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ WorkPlane ~ Display Working Plane. (hi~n thi m~t ph~ng lam
vi~c)
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ WorkPlane ~ Offset WP by Increments.
Cua sf> "Offset WP" xu~t hi~n.
Tang gia tri g6c xoay len 90 b~ng cach keo thanh cuon tu gia tri 30 d~n gia tri 90.
0

Sau d6 nh~p vao 6 x- mot l~n, b~m OK.
244
Xoay quanh tll)C X- ~

(cung chi~u kim d6ng h6) ~~::
:D.~l' , 90
vo an goc xoay ~ ~
khi nh~p chuot mot l~n ~ ~ . ~
Hinh 8.25
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Volumes ~ Cylinder ~

Solid Cylinder.
Cua sf> "Solid Cylinder" xu~t hi~n.
WP X= 0.05 WP Y= 0.05 Radius= 0.025 Depth = -0.175
B~m OK.
Trir cac volume l~i vai nhau.
~Volumes.
Cua sf> "Subtract Volumes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon solid cylinder vua t~o, b~m OK.
Nh~p chon solid sphere vua t~o, b~m OK.
c) Dan cac volume vai nhau.

~Volumes.
I\N
Cua so "Glue ItA., I: ~ooe
01: U : 5)
Volumes" se xuat
hi~n.
Chon Pick All. Mo
hinh t~o duQ'c co nhu
hinh 8.26.
Hinh 8.26
245
3. Nb~p tinb cb~t v~t li~u va moi tnrimg tac dt.mg.

a) T~o vat li~u cho nuac.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Material Props ~Material Models.

Cua sf> "Define Material Model Behavior" xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p d6i vao Structural, Density lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Density for Materials
Number 1".
Nhap vao gia tri DEN = 962, b~m OK.
Nh~p d6i vao Thermal, Conductivity, va Isotropic lam xuat hi~n hop tho~i
Nhap vao gia tri KXX= 0.61, b~m OK.
Nh~p d6i vao Thermal, Specific Heat lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Specific Heat for
Materials Number 1".
Nhap vao gia tri C = 4190, b~m OK.
Tren cua sf> "Define Material Model Behavior", chon Material ~ New Model d~ dinh them hai
ki~u thuoc tinh con l~i. Khi t~o xong mot ki~u vat li~u mai thi lam tuang W nhu tren vai sf>
li~u cho trong bang 8.4.

dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon Solid, chon Tet 10node 87, chon OK.
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu nh~t la Solid87.
B~m Close.
b) Dinh kich thu6t ph~n tu.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Size Cntrls ~ ManualSize ~ Lines
~ AllLines
Cua sf> "Element Sizes on All Selected Lines" xu~t hi~n.

Nhap gia tri 0.0175 vao 6 SIZE, b~m OK.
c) Gan vat li~u.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Mesh Attributes----+Picked Volumes.
Cua sf> "Volumes Attributes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t).
Nh~p chon Volume d~i di~n cho nuac, b~m OK.
246
Cua sf> "Volumes Attributes" khac xu~t hi~n, nh~p chon sf> 1 trong 6 MAT, b~m Apply.
Cua sf> "Volumes Attributes" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon Volume d~i di~n cho n6i n~u, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Volumes Attributes" khac xu~t hi~n, nh~p chon sf> 2 trong 6 MAT, b~m Apply.
Cua sf> "Volumes Attributes" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon Volume d~i di~n cho ngu6n nhi~t, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Volumes Attributes" khac xu~t hi~n, nh~p chon sf> 3 trong 6, b~m OK.
d) Chia luai.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Meshing ~ Mesh ~ Volumes ~ Free.
Cua sf> "Mesh Volumes" AN
xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai
man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh
mlii ten huang len (t).
Nh~p Pick All. Thi m6
hinh se duQ'c chia luai
nhu hinh 8.27.
Hinh 8.27

~OnAreas.
Cua sf> "Apply CONV on Areas" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t).
Nh~p chon t~t cac area 6' tren m~t cua n6i (m~t tren cua thanh n6i, m~t phi a trong cua
n6i va m~t tren cua nuac)
Cua sf> "Apply CONVon Areas" khac xu~t hi~n, nhap cac gia tri sau:
.,/ VALl Film coejjicient=44 W/mm 2 K .
.,/ VAL21 Bulk temperature =293 K.
Nh~p OK.
247
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Thermal ~ Temperature

~OnAreas.
Cua sf> "Apply TEMP on Areas" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mui ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon t~t ca area thuoc cylinder, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Apply TEMP on areas" khac xu~t hi~n, chon Temp trong Lab2 va nhap gia tri
450 vao 0 VALUE, b~m OK.
6. Giai bili toaD

Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Solve Current ~.lL ~OE.0T101 J\N
"",.,
_.,
Load Step" va "/STATUS -rorP
"""., ( i.',c.)
Commands". :1M
!l1!t'C
~2!l1~_1~1.!1
.4~O
Nh~p OK tren cua so "Solve

Current Load Step"
D~n khi nao hi~n len cua sf> Note
la da k~t thuc qua trinh tinh toano
Nh~p Close.
295.15-0 H2.795
i15.591
Hinh 8.28
7. XU- If k~t qua
a) Th~ hi~n k~t qua b~ng bang mau.
Solution.
Chon DOF Solution va chon Temperature, r6i b~m OK. Phan b6 nhi~t do bi~u di~n
nhu hinh 8.28.
N~u th~ hi~n nhu th~ thi kh6 c6 th~ nhin duQ'c ben trong. Vi vay:
D~u tien chuy~n m~t ph~ng lam vi~c v~ m~t ph~ng nhu cu.
COMMAND: Utility Menu~ WorkPlane~Display Working Plane. (hi~n thi m~t ph~ng lam
vi~c)
0

Sau d6 nh~p vao 0 X + mot l~n, b~m OK.
248
Di chuy~n m~t ph~ng lam vi~c t6'i vi tri di qua nai co ngu6n nhi~t
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Keypoints ~ In Active CS
Cua sf> "Create Keypoint in Active Coordinate System" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap vao cac toa do va Z = - 0.05, b~m OK.
Di chuy~n g6c toa do cua m~t ph~ng lam vi~c d~n keypoint vua t~o.
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ WorkPlane ~ Offset WP to ~ Keypoints.
Cua sf> "Offset WP to Keypoints" xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p vao keypoint vua t~o, nh~p OK.
V~n chua su d\lllg M toa do do duQ'c. Mu6n su d\lllg duQ'c thi lam nhu sau:
Utility Menu ~ WorkPlane ~ Change Active CS to ~ Working Plane.
Thvc hi~n di~u chinh:

COMMAND: Utility Menu~PlotCntrls~Style~Hidden Line Options
Cua sf> "Hidden Line Options" xu~t hi~n.
Chon m\lC Q-Slice Z-buffer trong 6 Type of Plot va Working Plane trong 6 Cutting
Plane is. Luc nay ANSYS se th~ hi~n k~t qua phan tich tren m~t ph~ng lam vi~c va
xem m~t ph~ng lam vi~c nhu la m~t ph~ng c~t.
Th~ hi~n k~t qua:

Solution.
Chon DOF Solution va chon Fluid velocity (van t6c theo ca hai phuang X va y), b~m
OK. Hinh ve duQ'c bi~u di~n nhu hinh 8.29.
II ....... L ~WTlII. IIQClAL sowno.
""'-,
Tl11!_'
84" U ::001
o,!~!os ""'-,
Tl11!-'
lIAr 14 :001
I'! ~ ! . t
TDlJ
It5Tso
SIQI ztl , Ut
fl VOl
..,....,
TEll' ,AVOI
IJaI .ztJ . lSl
!1t( "4~ !I't( "4.~O
~m m.~ _~ m.~ _~
~rn m.~ m~ m.~ m~

'It.H' HG.T7Z ]81. 18 1 U5.59 1 ..so 3 12.]6] 34 6 . 77% n 1.18 1 "15.55' 1 450
Hinh 8.29
249
Chu:cmg 9 Ung dl;lng ANSYS vao bai toan ti~p xuc gifra cac chi ti~t may
lfNG DUNG
. ANSYS VAG
, , AT ,
BAI TOAN TIEP XUC

GIUA cAc CHI TIET MAy
Trong h~u h~t thi~t bi ca khi, cac thanh ph~n du t~o thucmg ti~p xuc truot ho~c ti~p xuc Hin.
Trong t~t ca cac truang hQ'p, cac m~t ti~p xuc la khang d6ng d~ng va phil hQ'p vai nhau vi vay
h,rc truy~n dong se truy~n di khang nhu mong mu6n, lam bi~n d~ng cac m~t ph~ng va kern
thea ap h,rc va ung su~t sinh ra r~t Ian trong cac chi ti~t. Do do, nhi~n V\l cua chuang nay la
tinh toan ap h,rc va ung su~t sinh ra gifra cac chi ti~t may ti~t xuc vai nhau.
I. LAp GHEP co DQ DOl CVA CHOT (PIN-IN-HOLE INTERFERENCE FIT).

Mot d~u cua ch6t lam b~ng thep duQ'c gh~n ch~t vao mot t~m ban d~c, trong khi d~u kia bi k~p
ch~t boi mot canh tay don lam b~ng thep, rna hinh duQ'C cho nhu hinh 9.1.
Day la bai toan 3D, nhung do bai toan d6i xung, nen se duQ'c giai quy~t vai rna hinh V4. Co 2
m\lC tieu chinh cua bai toan; thu nh~t la quan sat ung su~t l~p trung gian cua ch6t khi ch6t
duQ'c ep vao trong 16 cua canh tay don; thu hai la tim ung su~t, ap su~t ti~p xuc, phan h,rc do
mamen xo~n tac d\lng len canh tay don (h,rc tac d\lng len d~u mut cua canh tay don) va lam
canh tay quay. K~t qua ung su~t do SlJ truQ't cua ch6t va u6n cua ch6t duQ'c b6 qua.
250
Kich thuac cua rna hinh nhu sau:

Ban kinh ch6t = 1 cm
Chi~u dai ch6t = 3 cm
Chi~u rong cua tay don = 4 cm
Chi~u dai canh tay don = 12 cm
B~ day tay don = 2 cm
D6i vai 16 trong canh tay don: ban kinh = 0.99 cm,
do sau = 2 cm
Ca 2 ph~n tu duQ'c lam tu vat li~u co Young's
9 2
modulus = 2.1 x 10 N/m , Poisson's ratio = 0.3.

Cua sf> "Preferences for GUI Filtering' xu~t
hi~n.
Hinh 9.1

a) T~o t~m d~c.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Create ~ Volumes ~ Block ~ By
Dimensions.
Cua sf> "Create Block by Dimensions" se xu~t hi~n.
./ Xl = 0 X2=S
./ Yl=O Y2=-S
./ ZI=O Z2=2
B~m OK.
b) T~o ch6t.
By Dimensions.
Cua sf> "Create Cylinder by Dimensions" xu~t hi~n.
./ RADl=O RAD2=1
./ ZI=O Z 2 = S.S
./ THETA 1 = 270 THETA 2= 360
B~m OK.
c) Overlap (ch6ng l~p nhau) hai volume vua t~o a tren.
2S1
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Operate ~ Boolean ~ Overlap

~Volumes.
Cua s6 "Overlap Volumes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon hai volume vua t~o, b~m OK.
d) T~o canh tay don va 16 nai co l~p ch6t vai canh tay don.
Dimensions.
Cua s6 "Create Block by Dimensions" xu~t hi~n.
./ Xl = 0 X2= 10
./ Y1=0 Y2=-2
./ Zl=6 Z2=8
B~m OK.
By Dimensions.
Cua s6 "Create Cylinder by Dimensions" se xu~t hi~n.
./ RAD1=0 RAD 2 = 0.99
./ Zl=6 Z2=8
./ THETA 1 = 270 THETA 2= 360
B~m OK.
Trir block volume vai cylinder volume
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Operat ~ Boolean ~
Subtract ~
Volumes.
Cua s6 "Subtract Volumes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon block volume vua t~o, b~m OK, nh~p chon cylinder volume, b~m OK. M6
duQ'c t~o nhu hinh 9.2.a.
e) Di chuy~n canh tay don l~i va l~p vai ch6t.

COMMAND: MainMenu~Preprocessor~ Modeling~ Move!Modifj;~ Volumes.
Cua s6 "Move Volumes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang
len(t).
Nh~p chon volume d~i di~n cho canh tay don, b~m OK
Cua s6 "Move Volumes" khac xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri -3 vao 6 DZ, b~m OK.
252
a) b)
Hinh 9.2
f) Chinh huang nhin 3 chi~u.

COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ PlotCtrls ~ View Settings ~ Viewing Direction.
Cua sf> "Viewing Direction" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap cac gia tri:
~ XV=-1 YV=1 ZV= 1
B~m OK. Thi huang nhin cua rna hinh nhu hinh 9.2.b.
3. Nb~p tinb cb~t v~t li~u.

Nh~p dai vao Structural, Linear, Elastic, va Isotropic lam xu~t hi~n hop tho~i "Linear
T~t cac cua sf>
dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon Structural Solid r6i chon Brick 8node 185, chon OK.
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu nh~t la Solidl85.
B~m Close.
b) Dinh kich thu6t ph~n tlr va chia luai.
253
Nh~p chon Line Set thi cua sf> "Element Size on Picked Lines" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai
mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang len (t).
Nh~p chon duang th~ng n~m th~ng dung va duang th~ng n~m ngang cua V4 hinh trcm
a m~t phia truac cua ch6t, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Element Sizes on Picked Lines" khac xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri 3 vao 6 NDIV No.
of element divisions va nh~p chon No cho 6 KYNDIV SIZE, NDIV can be changed,
b~m OK.
Nh~p chon V4 duang cong a m~t phia truac cua canh tay don, b~m OK.
of element divisions va nh~p chon No cho 6 KYNDIV SIZE, NDIV can be changed.
Tren cua sf> "Mesh Toof' chon
J\N
Volumes cho 6 Mesh.
Chon HexlWedgei va Sweep.
Nh~p nut Sweep, thi cua sf> "Volume
Sweeping' xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man
hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p Pick All. Thi luai duQ'c chia nhu
hinh 9.3.
Hinh 9.3
COMMAND: : Utility Menu ~ P 10tCtris ~ Style ~ Size and Shape.

Cua sf> "Size and Shape" se xu~t hi~n.
Chon m\lC 2 facets/edge trong 6 Facets/element edge.
B~m OK.
c) T~o c~p ti~p xuc.
Khi giai mot bai to an ti~p xuc gifra hai ph~n tu, thi dn phai t~o c~p d6i ti~p xuc (contact pair)
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Contact Pair.
Cua sf> "Contact Manager" xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p chon nut Contact Wizard J]I (nut a g6c tren cung ben trai), thi cua sf> "Contact
Wizard' xu~t hi~n nhu hinh 9.4.a
Chon Area, Flexible, nh~p vao nut "Pick Target".
254
Cua sf> "Select Areas for Target" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon m~t ph~ng thuoc c{mh tay don la m~t ph~ng ti~p xuc vai ch6t, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Contact Wizard' se xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, nh~p Next, nh~p nut "Pick Contact"nhu
hinh 9.4.b.
Cua sf> "Select Areas for Contact" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon m~t ph~ng thuoc ch6t la m~t ph~ng ti~p xuc vai c{mh tay don, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Contact Wizard' se xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, nh~p Next, thi cua sf> "Contact Wizard'
tr6' l~i.
Chon m\lC "Include Initial penetration", nhap gia tri 1 va 0.2 vao 6 Material ID va 6
Coefficient offriction (h~ s6 rna sat).
Nh~p nut "Optional settings", cua sf> "Contact Properties" xu~t hi~n, lam nhu sau
(hinh 9.5.a va 9.5.b):
.,/ Trong tap "Basic", nhap cac gia tri 0.1 vao 6 Normal penalty stiffness.
.,/ Trong tap "Friction" t~i ph~n Stiffnessmatrix, chon m\lC Unsymmetric.
B~m OK, tr6' l~i cua sf> "Contact Wizard', b~m Create thi tren man hinh xu~t hi~n nhu
hinh 9.6.a, trong d6 cua sf> "Contact Wizard' tr6' thanh nhu hinh 9.6.b, nh~p finish thi
cua sf> "Contact Manager" xu~t hi~n nhu hinh 9.7.
~ Contact Wizard ~ [Q] rgJ ~ Contact Wlzard ~(Q)C8J
The contact surface moves nto the target surface,

Acontact pair consists of a target surface and contact
surface. You will First define the target surFace.
Contact SUrFace: Contact Element Type:

Target SurFace:
r r '"''o.su'''''
r. Areas
r. Areas r Node-ta-SUrFace
r Body ( .... olume)
r Body(volurne)
r Nodes r d j:
r Nodes
r Nodal Component r pilot Node Only
(Advanced Option) r Nodal Component
CWZG_ND ~
STR_NODE fSTR_NClOE ..:J
Pick Target '"

~~ - - - - - ' PickContact ...
a) b)
Hinh 9.4
255
~ Contact Properties ~ ~ Contact Properties rRl

Basic 1Friction 1Initial Adjustment 1Mise 1Rigid targt't ) hermaJ 1El Conc 1ID 1 1 1 1
Basic ' Friction Initial Adjustment Mise KIQld tat
Normal Penalty Stiffness 10. 11 r. factor r constant Material ID
Penetration tolerance 10.1 r. factor r constant Friction Coefficient 10.2

Pinball region I<auto > ~ r. Factor r constant I
Tangent penalty Stiffness <auto> ..:J r. factor r constant
Contact stiFfness update lEach 5ubstep (PAIR 10 based) ..:J Allowable elastic slip I<auto > ..:J r. factor r constant
Contact algorithm I AUgmented Lagrange method ..:J Contact cohesion
Contact Detection Ion Gauss pOints Maximum Friction stress
Behavior of contact surface IStandard StiFFness matrix IUnsymmetric

TYDe o~ con! nt IAuto 8mbl d~tectlon Static/dynamic Friction - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
Static/dynamic ratio ~
Exponential decay coefficient ~
a) b)
Hinh 9.5
~ Contact Wizard ~[QJ r8J
The contact pair has been created. To interact with the

contact pair use real set ID 3.
Finish t!elp
a) b)
Hinh 9.6
~ Cont.ct M.nager [8J

AI] ~ ~ Icontact & Target .:J .!li ~ ~ 91 .i:ll No Model Context .:J I ~ Il choose a result item .:J
Contact Pairs I
ID Contact Behavior Taroet Contact Pilot Node Pilot Name
Hinh 9.7
5. Nh~p di~u ki~n bien IAn thfr nh~t.

a) Nhap di~u ki~n rang bUQc d6i xung V4
256

~ Symmetry BC ~ On Areas. J\N
Cua sf> "Apply SYMM on Areas"
xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh cling
xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang len
(t ).
Nh~p chuot chon cac area rna chung
la nhfrng m~t d6i xung V4 (hinh 9.8)
B~m OK.
Hinh 9.8

~OnAreas.
Cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Areas" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chuot chon m~t phia sau cua kh6i g~n ch~t vai ch6t (theo hinh 9.8 thi kh6i d6la
kh6i hinh vuong phia sau), b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Areas" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon ALL DOFF trong 0 Lab2 va nhap gia tri 0 vao 0 Displacement value
Nh~p OK.
6. Giai bili to an IAn thfr nh~t.
Cua so "Solution Controls" ~ Solution Controls (gJ
xu~t hi~n nhu hinh 9.9. Basic 1 Tran.n lsol'n Options 1 Nonlinear 1Advanced NL 1
Chon tab "Basic", chon ti~p: Analysis Options - - - - - - - - - - , I Write Items to Results File ~
.,/ Trong ph~n Analysis Ilarge Displacement Static .:J I r. All solution items I
r r
Calculate prestress effects Basic Quantities
Option ta chon Large

TimeControl - - - - - - - - ,
r User selected
Nodal OOF SolutIOn
Displacement Static. Time at end of loadstep ItoO

Nodal Reaction Loads
Element Saluteon
Element Nodal Loads
.,/ Trong ph~n Time control: ,.:,.,I
OFF: - - -.:j'
Automatic time steppingElement Nodal Stresses
r. Number of substeps Frequency:
Time at end of r Time increment IWrite last substep only ..:J I

It!
Number of substeps
loadstep = 100. ~", u~ eo' i:-I

o- - I "''-1- - - .
. '" eN-
Mil I
no at substeps
Automatic time
stepping = Off
OK I Cancel Help
Number of substeps
=1 Hinh 9.9
B~m OK.
257

Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "VerifY' nhu hinh 9.10.a, chon Yes.
D~n khi nao hi~n len cua sf> nhu hinh 9.10.b la da k~t thuc qua trinh tinh toan
Nh~p Close.

SHOULD THE SOL V COMMAND BE EXECUTED?
a)
b)
Hinh 9.10
7. Nh~p di~u ki~n bien IAn thfr hai.
Chon Nodes trong 6 thu nh~t, By Location trong 6 thu hai va Z coordinates trong ba
Iva chon a du6i , d6ng thai nhap gia tri Min, Max = 4, 5 nhu hinh 9.11.a.
Nh~p OK.
I\N
KAY 17 2008
09 ; 38 . 02
IBy location 3
(" X coordinates
r Y coordinates
r. Z coordinates
Min.Max
r. From full
r Reselect
r Also Select
r Unselect # : . . ... . . . .. : : . " : : ' .:
~~
~~
~ Apply I
~ Replot I
~~
a) b)
Hinh 9.11
258
Luc nay chi co nhfrng nut duQ'c chon duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh 9.11.b.

~OnNodes.
Nh~p chon Pick All, cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Nodes" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon UZ trong 6 Lab2 va nhap gia tri 2 vao 6 Displacement value.
Nh~p OK. Thi cac nut dll chon dll duQ'c g~n di~u ki~n bien.
8. Giai bili to an IAn thfr hai.

Cua sf> "Solution Controls" xu~t hi~n nhu hinh 9.12.
Chon tab "Basic", chon ti~p:
./ Trong ph~n Analysis Option ta chon Large Displacement Static .
./ Trong ph~n Time control:
Time at end of loadstep = 200.
Automatic time stepping = On.
Number of sub steps = 100.
Max no. of sub steps = 10000.
Min no. of sub steps = 10 .
./ Trong ph~n Write Items to Results File:
Frequency = Write every substep.
B~m OK.
~ Solution Controls L8J
Basic 1 Tran. ent 1Sol'n Options 1 Nonlinear 1Ad vanced NL 1
Analysis Options - - - - - - - - . , Write Items to Results File
ILarge Displacement Static ...:J r. All solution items

r Calculate prestress effects r Basic quantities
r User selected
Time Control - - - - - - - - - ,
Time at end of loadstep 1200

Automatic time stepping r:-I
on---~---;
~
r. Number of substeps Frequency:
r Time increment
IWrite every substep
Number of substeps 1100 "h",eN~ I ---
r-I
Max no. of substeps 110000

Min no. of substeps 110
OK Cancel Help
Hinh 9.12
259

Nh~p Close.
9. Xu If k~t qua.
Khai tri~n rna hinh V4 thanh rna hinh d~y duo
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ P lotCtrls ~ Style ~ Symmetry Expansion ~ Periodic! Cyclic
Symmetry.
Cua sa "Periodic! Cyclic
Symmetry Expansion" xuat
hi~n.
Nh~p chon "V4 Dihedral Sym",
b~rn OK.

Elements. Thi rna hinh duQ'C phM tri~n
d~y du nhu hinh 9.13
Hinh 9.13
a) Xern k~t qua 1:

COMMAND: Main Menu~General /\N

Hlt.V La 2008
::I'II:!:"'l %2:04:03
Postproc ~ Plot Results ~ Contour !lUI!! - 1
'l'Dtc-:i:
II!XPA.NDED
Plot~Nodal Solution.
~tQV (AtJGI)
DHX - .02'''1
IlIH:t -.,)U" ... OI
Cua sa "Contour Nodal

Solution Data" xu~t hi~n.
Chon Stress va von Mises.
B~rn OK. K~t qua nhu hinh
9.14
Xern ung su~t ti~p xuc cua ch6t vai 16

cua canh tay don.
COMMAND: Utility Menu~
Hinh 9.14
Select ~ Entities
260

Chon Elements trong a thu nh~t, By Elem Name trong a thu hai va nhap gia tri 174
trong ba Iva chon a du6'i, (do ph~n tu ti~p xuc la ph~n tu CONTA174 - mu6n bi~t thi
lam theo duang d~n COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Element
Type ~ Add/ Edit/Delete)
Nh~p OK.
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ P lot ~ Elements. Thi rna hinh hinh 9.15. a.

Solution.
Chon Contact r6i chon Contact Pressure.
B~m OK. K~t qua nhu hinh 9.15.b.
.... KiCllt'!t I\N NOOAt, :tQt.u'nou
I\N
KA." 1.1 ZOOD HAV 1. ::00.
/'J:"."'O~ ~U:p'1
1('. :~'Xx
IU'4N080
...",."
Coen'1"Nl8 {A.V<II)
tog; -=.02;12-44
~:c JJ.$~-toe
a) b)
Hinh 9.15
b) Xem k~t qua 2:

COMMAND: MainMenu ~ General Postproc ~ Read Results ~ Last Set.
/\N
ta
COMMAND: Main Menu~General 1II'f~r-l
eue - 1 5
...... '1' :aOOtl
%2:14:01
Tli'tp200
Postproc ~ Plot Results ~ Contour '~X"'A),1D!D
:!iIIIOV CAViJ)
[oNX - 2 . 001
Plot~Nodal Solution. 1IM:t l5Z1;1:" LO
Cua sf> "Contour Nodal Solution

Data" xu~t hi~n.
B~m OK. K~t qua nhu hinh 9.16
Xem ung su~t ti~p xuc cua ch6t v6'i 16

cua canh tay don.
,son~
Hinh 9.16
261
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ Select ~ Entities

Cua s6 "Select Entities" xu~t hi~n.
Chon Elements trong 6 thu nh~t, By Elem Name trong 6 thu hai va nhap gia tri 174
trong ba Iva chon a du6i
Nh~p OK.
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ Plot ~ Elements.

Solution. I\N
Cua s6 "Contour Nodal Solution
,,,,1
~15
HAY La ZOOS
22:U : H
or :zoo
Data" xu~t hi~n. IBXP.oUlD!D
c:o rl'f'fJl. ill: iI (AUG)
... 0
-a:.ooa
Chon Contact, chon Contact O" t
5KX - . U ' EOS
Pressure.
B~m OK. K~t qua nhu hinh 9.17.
Hinh 9.17
II. TIEP XUC GIUA TRV TRON vA HAl KHOI V~T THE.
M6 hinh ti~p xuc gifra tIl) trcm (cylinder) va 2 kh6i r~n (block) duqc cho nhu hinh 9.18. Bai
toan nay d~c trnng cho trnang hqp 6 bi ti~p xuc Hin hinh tIl). Theo Iy thuy~t day Ia d~ng ti~p
xuc b~ m~t, nhung thvc t~ Ia kh6ng th~ vi do anh huang cua do nham b~ m~t, sai s6 gia c6ng
ca khi va dung sai.
Hinh 9.18
262
Bai tmln d~ng 3D d6i xung liz. M\lc tieu cua bai toan la quan sat ung su~t trong tIl) trcm khi do
ha ban d~u gifra 2 kh6i r~n duQ'c giam 0.05 cm.
Kinh thuac cua mo hinh nhu sau: ban kinh cylinder = 0.5 cm; chi~u dai cylinder = 1 cm; chi~u
dai block = 2 cm; chi~u rong block = 1 cm; b~ day block = 0.75 cm. Hinh hoc 2 block la tuang
, , , 9
duang. Tat ca deu lam cung vat li~u thep vai modun dan hoi Young's modulus =2.1 x 10
2 " ,
N/m , Poisson's ratio = 0.3 va gia thuyet la dan hoi. H~ so rna sat gifra cylinder va block la 0.2.


a) Chinh huang nhin 3 chi~u.
Nhap cac gia tri:
~
XV=-1 YV=1 ZV= 1
B~m OK. Thi ta co huang nhin cua mo hinh nhu hinh 5.3.
b) T~o block.
Nh~p chon 0 Volume numbers (VOLU) tu off sang on, b~m OK.
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ Plot ~ Volumes.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Create ~ Volumes ~ Block ~ By

Dimensions.
Cua sf> "Create Block by Dimensions" se xu~t hi~n.
Nhap cac gia tri:
~ Xl =-1 X2=1
~ Y 1 = - 0.25 Y2=-1
~ ZI =0 Z2=1
B~m OK.
By Dimensions.
Cua sf> "Create Cylinder by Dimensions" se xu~t hi~n.
Nhap cac gia tri:
263
./ RAD 1 =0.5 RAD2=0

./ ZI=O Z2=1
./ THETA 1 = 180 THETA 2= 360
B~m OK.
Overlap hai volume vua t~o a tren.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Operate ~ Boolean ~ Overlap
~Volumes.
Cua sf> "Overlap Volumes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon hai volume vua t~o, 18:14: 07
b~m OK.
Thi rna hinh se t~o thanh 3 volume (nhu
hinh 9.19):
.:. V5: la block con l~i khi b6 ph~n
giao vai cylinder.
:. V3: la volune giao gifra block va
cylinder.
:. V 4: la cylinder con l~i khi b6
ph~n giao vai block.
Hinh 9.19
X6a cac volume khang dn thi~t.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Delete ~ Volume and Below.
Cua sf> "Delete Volume &
Below" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai
man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon hai volume V 4 va
V3 nhu hinh 9.19, b~m OK,
rna hinh block duQ'C t~o nhu
hinh 9.20.
Hinh 9.20
264
c) T~o cylinder
By Dimensions.
Cua sf> "Create Cylinder by Dimensions" se xu~t hi~n.
./ RAD 1 =0.5 RAD2=0
./ ZI=O Z2=1
./ THETA 1 = 180 THETA 2= 360
B~m OK.
d) Di chuy~n cylinder vao block.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ MoveiModifj; ~ Volumes.
Cua sf> "Move Volumes" xu~t
hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t
hi~n hinh mlii ten huang len
(t ).
Nh~p chon cylinder, b~m OK
Cua sf> "Move Volumes" khac
xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri -0.05
vao a DY, b~m OK, rna hinh
nhu hinh 9.21.
Hinh 9.21

T~t cac cua sf>.

dn su d\mg.
265
B~m Close.
b) Dinh kich thu6t ph~n tlr va chia lu6i

Nh~p chon hai duang th~ng n~m ngang thuoc m~t phia trnac cua cylinder, b~m OK.
of element divisions va nh~p chon No cho 0 KYNDIV SIZE, NDIV can be changed,
b~m OK.
Nh~p chon liz duang trcm thuoc m~t phia trnac cua block, b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Element Sizes on Picked
Lines" khac xu~t hi~n, nhap gia
tri 4 vao 0 NDIV No. of element
divisions va nh~p chon No cho 0
KYNDIV SIZE, NDIV can be
changed.
Tren cua sf> "Mesh Toof' chon
Volumes cho 0 Mesh.
Sau d6 nh~p nut Sweep, cua so
"Volume Sweeping' se xu~t hi~n,
d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t
Hinh 9.22
Nh~p Pick All. Thi luai duQ'c chia nhu hinh 9.22.
Lam tran min cac m~t cua ph~n tu:

Cua sf> "Size and Shape" xu~t hi~n.
B~m OK.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Create ~ Contact Pair.
266
Cua sf> "Contact Manager" xu~t hi~n.

Nh~p chon nut Contact Wizard l]] (nut a g6c tren cung ben tnli), thi cua sf> "Contact
Wizard' se xu~t hi~n nhu hinh 9.23.a
Chon Body (volume), Flexible, nh~p vao nut "Pick Target".
Thi cua sf> "Select Areas for Target" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon block, b~m OK.
Thi cua sf> "Contact Wizard' xuat hi~n tra l~i, ta nh~p Next, nh~p nut "Pick
Contact"nhu hinh 9.23.b.
Thi cua sf> "Select Areas for Contact" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chon cylinder, b~m OK.
Thi cua sf> "Contact Wizard' se xu~t hi~n tra l~i, ta nh~p Next, thi cua sf> "Contact
Wizard' tra l~i.
Nh~p nut "Optional settings", thi cua sf> "Contact Properties" xu~t hi~n, lam nhu sau:
.,/ Trong tap "Basic" nhap cac gia tri 0.1 vao 6 Normal penalty stiffness.
.,/ Trong tap "Friction" t~i ph~n Stiffnessmatrix chon m\lC Unsymmetric.
B~m OK, tra l~i cua sf> "Contact Wizard', b~m Create thi tren man hinh xu~t hi~n nhu
hinh 9.24.a, trong do co cua sf> "Contact Wizard' tra thanh nhu hinh 9.24.b, nh~p
finish.
~ Contact Wizard rJrgJ(g) ril Contact WlZiud ~(Q) ~
The cOl"ltact surFace moves into the target surface.

A contact pair consists of a target surFace and contact
surFace. You will first deFine the target surface.
Contact SUrFace: Contact Element Type:

Target Type:
r r. surfdce-to-surfdceJ
r. Flexible
r Areas r Node-to-SUrface
r R j
r. Body(volume)
(' Nodes ("" P j / P
r Nodes
(' Nodal Component r Pilot Node Only
(Advanced Option) r Nodal Component
fSTR_NQD, ..:J
pick Target ...

I ~ ~ I __
,;<,_cont_",_,,,----'
a) b)
Hinh 9.23
267
~ Contact Wizard rg(Q]~
The contact pair has been created. To interact with the

contact pair use real set ID 3.
Finish t!elp
a) b)
Hinh 9.24

Nhap di~u ki~n rang buoc d6i xung:
~ Symmetry BC ~ On Areas.
Cua sf> "Apply SYMM on Areas"

xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh
len(t).
Nh~p chuot chon cac area rna
chung d6i xung (nhu hinh 9.25)
R6i b~m OK.
Hinh 9.25

~OnAreas.
Nh~p chuot chon m~t phia duai cua block, b~m OK thi cua sf> "Apply U ROT on
Areas" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon ALL DOFF trong 6 Lab2 va nhap gia tri 0 vao 6 Displacement value.
Nh~p OK.
268
6. Giai bili to an.

Cua sf> "Solution Controls" xu~t hi~n.
Chon tab "Basic", chon nhu sau:
./ Trong ph~n Analysis Option, chon Large Displacement Static .
./ Trong ph~n Time control:
Time at end of loadstep = 100.
Automatic time stepping = Off.
Number of substeps = 1
B~rn OK.
Nh~p Close.
9. XU- If k~t qua.

Khai tri~n rna hinh V4 thanh rna hinh d~y duo
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ P 10tCtris ~ Style ~ Symmetry Expansion ~ Periodic! Cyclic
Symmetry.
Cua sf> "Periodic! Cyclic Symmetry Expansion" xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p chon "Reflect about XZ", b~rn OK.
COMMAND: Utility Menu~Plot~ Elements. Thi rna hinh duQ'C phM tri~n d~y du nhu hinh
9.26.a.
I\N
1I0I0'' :4 :::ooe
tli6:s):ou
_
TnlralOO
Kg.,
"",.
....
NIX ... olD~
!;!N.l1U4a
(AVO.
!ftl(' ~.:l::t.o,
a) b)
Hinh 9.26
269
Chu:cmg 9 Ung dl;lng ANSYS VaG bai toan ti~p xuc gifra cac chi ti~t may

Solution.
Xem ung su~t ti~p xuc cua ch6t v6'i 16 cua canh tay don.
Chon Elements trong a thu nh~t, By Elem Name trong a thu hai va nhap gia tri 174
trong ba Iva chon a du6'i, (do ph~n tu ti~p xuc 1a ph~n tu CONTA174 - mu6n bi~t thi
Nh~p OK.
COMMAND: Utility Menu~Plot~ Elements. Thi rna hinh nhu hinh 9.27.a.
Solution.
J\N
ItI.T 24 2'000
01' :04:1' "" .,
nllZ ~lOO
t r;lt .I.,IftIC
.,."..,
CClIn'Pl'S (l YO)
nltX . IQ.4,1J)
!1Il( '!1l.~
a) b)
Hinh 9.27
270
III. TIEP XUC GIUA BANH XE & DUONG RAY.

Ma hinh bai tmln ti~p xuc gifra banh xe xe hxa va duang ray cho nhu hinh 9.28.
Hinh 9.28
Banh xe:
.,/ Duang kinh cylinder = 1 cm
.,/ Chi~u dai cylinder = 2 cm
Duang ray:
.,/ B~ rong day = 4 cm;
.,/ B~ rong dinh = 2 cm;
.,/ B~ day dinh = 0.5 cm;
.,/ Cao = 2 cm.
9 2
T~t ca d~u lam cung vat li~u thep vai madun dan h6i Young's modulus =2.1 x 10 N/m,
Poisson's ratio = 0.3 va gia thuy~t la dan h6i. H~ s6 rna sat 0.1.


D6i vai rna hinh bai t6an nay thi trnac tien se t~o cac m~t 2D r6i sao d6 dung phuang ti~n
"extrude" d~ t~o ra rna hinh 3D.
a) Chinh huang nhin 3 chi~u.
Nhap cac gia tri:
XV=1 YV=1 ZV= 1
B~m OK. Thi ta c6 huang nhin cua rna hinh nhu hinh 9.28.
271
b) T~o 2D duang ray.

Nh~p chon a Area numbers (AREA) tu off sang on, b~m OK.
COMMAND: UtilityMenu~Plot~Areas.

Dimensions.
Cua sf> "Create Rectangle by Dimensions" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap ca.c gia tri:
./ Xl = 0 X2=2
./ YI =-0.5 Y2=-2.5
B~m Apply. Ta duQ'c area A 1.
Nhap cac gia tri:
./ XI=1 X2=2
./ YI =-0.5 Y2=-1
B~m Apply. Ta duQ'c area A2.
Nhap cac gia tri:
./ Xl = 0.5 X2=2
./ YI=-l Y2=-1.5
B~m OK. Ta duQ'c area A3.
Trn cac area vai nhau.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling ~ Create ~ Operate ~ Booleans
~ Subtract ~ Areas.
Cua sf> "Subtract Areas" xu~t .... """ PUT Z 4.

09 l
zone
S Z ~ 02
hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh xu~t

Nh~p chon area A I, b~m OK.
Nh~p chon hai area A2 va A3,
tot
b~m OK. Thi ma hinh duQ'C t~o
nhu hinh 9.29, va t~o ra area A4.
Hinh 9.29
272
Chu:cmg 9 Ung dl;lng ANSYS VaG bai toan ti~p xuc gifra cac chi ti~t may
c) T~o 2D banh xe.

D~u tien chuy~n m~t ph~ng lam vi~c:
COMMAND: Utility Menu~ WorkPlane~Display Working Plane. (hi~n thi m~t ph~ng lam
vi~c)
0

Sau d6 nh~p vao 6 y- mot l~n, b~m OK.
I ~+x l
Xoay quanh tll)C Y
(cung chi~u kim d6ng h6)~ =~~ riJ +YI
II) +Z I
:D.~l' , 90
vO an goc xoay ~ ~
khi nh~p chuot mot l~n ~ ~ . ~
Hinh 9.30
COMMAND: Main Menu~Preprocessor~Modeling~Create~Areas ~ Circle ~ By

Dimensions.
Nhap cac gia tri:
./ RAD 1 =0.5 RAD2=0
./ THETA 1 = 270 THETA 2= 360
B~m OK, duQ'c area A 1, th~ hi~n nhu hinh 9.31a va b.
J\N J\N
-"""
lIAY242GOfI
JO : ll : 21
~--------------~~
a) b)
Hinh 9.31
273
d) T~o 3D.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Create ~ Operate ~ Extrude
~Areas~Along Normal.
Cua s6 "Extrude Areas by Normal' xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon area A 1 (1/4 hinh trcm), b~m OK.
Cua s6 "Extrude Areas by Normal' khac xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri -1 vao a DIST.
B~mApply.
Cua s6 "Extrude Areas by Normal' xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n
Nh~p chon area A4 (hinh duang ray), b~m OK.
Cua s6 "Extrude Areas by Normal' khac xu~t hi~n, nhap gia tri 1 vao a DIST.
B~m OK.
COMMAND: Utility Menu~PlotCtrls :::. mY :'4 Z0ll8
10:l:5:0!)
~ Numbering.
Cua s6 "Plot Numbering

Controls" xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p a Area numbers (Area)
til on sang oj!, nh~p chon a
Volume numbers (VOLU) til
offsang on,b~m OK.
Volumes. Thi rna hinh duQ'C t~o nhu hinh
9.32.
Hinh 9.32
T~t cac cua s6.

dn su d\mg.
274
B~m Close.
b) Dinh kich thu6t ph~n tlr va chia lu6i

Cua sf> "Mesh Tool" xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p chon Line Set thi cua sf> "Element Size on Picked Lines" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai
Nh~p chon duang nhu hinh 9.33.a, b~m OK.
No. of element divisions va nh~p chon No cho 6 KYNDIV SIZE, NDIV can be changed.
B~m OK.
Tren cua sf> "Mesh Toof' ta chon Volumes cho 6 Mesh.
Nh~p nut Sweep, thi cua sf> "Volume Sweeping' se xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling
xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p Pick All. Thi luai duQ'c chia nhu hinh 9.33.b.
a) b)
Hinh 9.33
Lam tran min cac m~t cua ph~n tu:

Cua sf> "Size and Shape" se xu~t hi~n.
B~m OK.
275
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Preprocessor ~Modeling ~ Create ~ Contact Pair.

Cua sf> "Contact Manager" se xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p chon nut Contact Wizard ..l]J (nut a g6c tren cung ben tnli), cua sf> "Contact
Wizard' xu~t hi~n.
Chon Area, Flexible r6i nh~p vao nut "Pick Target".
Cua sf> "Select Areas for Target" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon m~t ph~ng thuoc c{mh tay don (m~t ph~ng ti~p xuc vai ch6t), b~m OK.
Thi cua sf> "Contact Wizard' se xu~t hi~n tra l~i, ta nh~p Next, nh~p nut "Pick
Contact".
Cua sf> "Select Areas for Contact" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon m~t ph~ng thuoc ch6t (m~t ph~ng ti~p xuc vai c{mh tay don), b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Contact Wizard' se xu~t hi~n tra l~i, ta nh~p Next, thi cua sf> "Contact
Wizard' tra l~i.
Nh~p nut "Optional settings", thi cua sf> "Contact Properties" xu~t hi~n, lam nhu sau:
./ Trong tap "Basic" nhap cac gia tri 0.1 vao 6 Normal penalty stiffness.
./ Trong tap "Friction" t~i ph~n Stiffnessmatrix chon m\lC Unsymmetric .
./ Trong tap "Initial Adjustment" t~i ph~n Automatic Contact Adjustment chon
m\lC Close gap.
B~m OK, tra l~i cua sf> "Contact Wizard', b~m Create thi tren man hinh xu~t hi~n nhu
hinh 9.34.a, trong do co cua sf> "Contact Wizard' tra thanh nhu hinh 9.34.b, nh~p
finish.
~ Contact Wizard ['J LQl~
The contact pair has been created . To interact with the

contact pair use real set ID 3,
Finish tielp
a) b)
Hinh 9.34
276
5. Nh~p di~u ki~n bien. VOLUME S
Nhap di~u ki~n rang buoc d6i xung:

KAY 24 2008
11 : 32 : 38
COMMAND: Main
Menu ~ Solution ~ Define
Loads ~ Apply ~ Structural ~ Displacement
~ Symmetry BC ~ On Areas.
Cua sf> "Apply SYMM on Areas" xu~t

hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t
Nh~p chuot chon cac 4 area phia sau
rna hinh (chung dong vai tro d6i
xung).
Hinh 9.35
B~m OK. DuQ'c nhu hinh 9.35.
Rang buoc ngam cho m~t duai duang ray.

~OnAreas.
Nh~p chuot chon m~t phia duai cua duang ray, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply U ROT on
Areas" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon ALL DOFF trong aLab2 va nhap gia tri 0 vao aDisplacement value.
Nh~p OK.
Tai tac d\mg:
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Solution ~ DefineLoads ~ Apply ~ Structural ~ Pressure ~ On
Areas.
Cua sf> "Apply PRES on areas" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon m~t phia tren cua V4 hinh tIl) (banh xe), b~m OK.
Cua sf> "Apply PRES on areas" khac xu~t hi~n. Nhap gia tri O.5e6 (O.5MPa) vao a
VALUE.
Nh~p OK.
6. Giai bili to an.

277
Nh~p Close.
9. Xu If k~t qua.
Solution.
B~m OK.
Chinh l~i huang nhin 3 D.
Nhap cac gia tri:
XV=-l YV= 1 ZV=-l
B~m OK. Thi h~t qua nhu hinh 9.36.a.
I\N
KA.Y Z<4 2:0.0., tu.y 2'4 ZODI
U;12:l0 L\1$i,Ol
tl1!:OV
DtC: " .COUI'
( J.VG)
..,.-
'va>'
COb"l' PP;U eM""
OKit "' . 13019(10

aKJ: !~O!!+O.
.... .~.)3e..o'?
."6te.+07
.69091:''1'(11'
.932!401
. 1t6e:t(l8 .llil e-t08
a) b)
Hinh 9.36
Xem ung su~t ti~p xuc.

Ta chon Elements trong 6 thu nh~t, By Elem Name trong 6 thu hai va nhap gia tri 174
trong ba Iva chon a duai, (do ph~n tu ti~p xuc la ph~n tu CONTA174 - mu6n bi~t thi
Nh~p OK.
278

Solution.
279
Chu:cmg 10 Ung dl;lng ANSYS vao bai toan t6i tnt hoa
Chu'dnglO
lfNG DUNG
. ANSYS VAG
BAI ToAN TOI l1u HOA
I. TOI UU BOA BAI ToAN DAM 2D

Cho mot thanh d~m chiu tac d\lllg cua tai trong nhu hinh 10.1
2
Ml =qa2 P =qa M2=2qa
~ qJStttf
IE a )IE a )IE
Hinh 10.1
N 9 2
a)Cho q=1000-, a=lm, b=0.02m,E=210 x 10 N/m
m
Hay ve bi~u dE> noi h,rc.
Tinh 0"max va 0"min .
Chuy~n vi th~ng dung Ian nh~t Ymax cua d~m.

b) Bai toan t6i uu h6a:
Cvc ti~u h6a (ham m\lC tieu): V = 4a x (2b xb)
Cac rang buoc:
./ 0::; Illl ::;12 x 106 [100 N/m2]
/
v -3x10 -4 ::; Ymax ::; 0 [O m]
'/1::;a::;5 [0.1 m]
./ 0.02 ::; b ::; 0.5 [0.001 m]
280
A. Giai bili to an dAm thong thlf(mg

1. ChQn ki~u bili to an.
2. Nh~p cae tham sa

(parameter).
COMMAND: Utility Menu ~ Parameters ~ Scalar
Scalar Parameters
Parameters. Items
Cua sf> "Scalar Parameters" xu~t hi~n. A -1

B = 2.OOOOOOOOOE 02
Nhap tu~n W cac gia tri sau vito 6 Selection, Q = 1000
m6i l~n nhap xong mot gia tri la nh~p vao

nut Accept (sau khi nhap xong thi duQ'c th~
hi~n nhu hinh 10.2):
Selection
./ A = 1
./ B = 0.02
./ Q= le5
B~m Close.
Hinh 10.2
3. T~o mo hinh tinh toan:
a) T~o keypoint.
T~o cac keypoint co toa do:
KPNo. X Y
1 0 0
2 1 0
3 2 0
4 3 0
5 4 0
Bang 10.1
B~mOK
a) T~o line.
Line.
Cua sf> "Straight Line" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
281
Line No. Keypoint

1 1&2
2 2&3
3 3&4
4 4&5
Bang 10.2

Nhap vao cac gia tri EX = 21 Oe9 va PRXY = O.
T~t cac cua sf>.

dn su d\mg.
Cua sf> "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu nh~t la BEAM3.
B~m Close.

Cua sf> "Real Cons tans" xu~t hi~n
Nh~p vao Add lam su~t hi~n cua sf> "Element Type for Real Constans", nh~p chon
Cua sf> "Real Cons tans for BEAM3" xu~t hi~n, nhap cac thong sf>:
./ AREA =B*(2*B)
./ IZZ = B*(8* B* B* B)112
./ HEIGHT =2*B
B~m OK, b~m Close.
282
c) Dinh kich thu6t ph~n tlr va chia lu6i

Cua sf> "Mesh Toof' se xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p chon t~t Cel. cac line, b~m OK.
Tren cua sf> "Mesh Toof', chon nut Mesh.
Cua sf> "Mesh Lines" xu~t hi~n, ta nh~p Pick All.

~ On Keypoints.
Nh~p Apply.
Nh~p chon keypoint thu tu (nai c6 g6i tva), b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply U ROT on KPs"
khac xu~t hi~n.
Nh~p OK.
b) Lvc tap trung va moment tap trung.

~ On Keypoints.
Cua sf> "Apply F1M on Keypoints" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chon keypoint thu hai, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply FIM on KPs" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon FY trong 6 Lab va nhap gia tri -Q vao 6 VALUE, nh~p Apply.
Nh~p chon keypoint thu nh~t, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply FIM on KPs" khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon MZ trong 6 Lab va nhap gia tri -Q* A *A vao 6 VALUE, nh~p Apply.
283
Cua sf> "Apply FIM on Keypoints" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai mim hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh
Nh~p chon keypoint thu ba, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply FIM on KPs" khac xu~t hi~n.
ChonMZ trong aLab va nhap gia tri 2*Q* A *A vao a VALUE, nh~p OK.
c) Lvc phan b6.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Solution ~ Define Loads ~ Apply ~ Structural ~ Pressure ~ On
Beams.
Chon cac ph~n tu tinh tu keypoint thu hai d~n thu ba, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply PRES on
Beams" khac xu~t hi~n.
Nhap gia tri -Q vao a VALl, r6i
1
E - L - K-H AN
U
nh~pApply. F
Cua sf> "Apply PRES on Beams" PRES
xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i, d6ng thai man hinh

len (t).
Ta chon cac ph~n tu tinh tu keypoint
thu tu d~n thu nam, b~m OK, thi cua
sf> "Apply PRES on Beams" khac
xu~t hi~n. - 50 - 16.661
- 33.333
16 . 661
. 111E - 14 33.333
50
66.661
83 . 333
100
Nhap gia tri 2*Q vao a VALl, nh~p

Hinh 10.3
OK. Thi rna hinh th~ hi~n nhu hinh 10.3
6. Giai bili toaD

Nh~p Close.
7. Xu If k~t qua
a) Xem bi~u d6 noi lvc .
:. L~y Qy:
Nh~p vao Add lam su~t hi~n cua sf> "Define Additional Element Table Items".
284
Chu:cmg 10 Ung dl;lng ANSYS VaG bai toan t6i tnt hoa

Trong 6 a du6i them s6 2 vito nhu sau: "SMISC, 2"; b~m Apply.
Xu~t hi~n l~i cua sf> "Element Table Data".
Trong ph~n Item,Comp; keo thanh cuon xu6ng d~ chon m\lC By sequence num.
Trong 6 a du6i ta them s6 8 vao nhu sau: "SMISC, 8"; b~m OK.
.:. L~y Mz:

Trong 6 a du6i, them s6 6 vao nhu sau: "SMISC, 6"; b~m Apply.
Trong ph~n Item,Comp ta keo thanh cuon xu6ng d~ chon m\lC By sequence num.
Trong 6 a du6i, them s6 12 vao nhu sau: "SMISC, 12"; b~m OK.
.:. Ve Qy:
Element Res.
Chon SMIS2 trong 6 LabI va SMIS8 trong LabJ
B~m OK. Thi bi~u d6 Qy th~ hi~n nhu hinh 10A.a
.:. VeMz :
Element Res.
Nhap -3 vao 6 Fact.
B~m OK. Thi bi~u d6Mz th~ hi~n nhu hinh 10A.b
285
AN
"",., IUY ~., ZOO,
,'I ;3:, ;U
"",., !\AT no zooe
Tna:., nl!!_' ";31 ; 4.)
:M..lU UU;I
lU' --lOOOOO
u.c"
IU U~"$jI
Ul"
tLtJ'l-UI II:tl"l'l_UII
!lAX ...),,)
[LaoS!
rv.x -u""
[LDI-Sl
- 200000 - 131031 14014 - 11111 S185-2 - 116661 - b481S - 1l9GJ J&B89 90141
-liiSl9 -lOSSSi -42S9l 20310 tUn -9Q741 -.)1119 129'1 6481S II iii Ii?
a) b)
Hinh lOA
b) Xem ung su~t.

Mu6n xem duQ'c ung su~t thi chung ta dn t~o bang ph~n tu (element table) .
:. L~y (J"max'.
Nh~p vao Add lam su~t hi~n cua sf> "Define Additional Element Table Items"
Trong 6 a du6'i, them s6 1 vao nhu sau: "NMISC, 1"; b~m Apply.
Trong 6 a du6'i, them s6 3 vao nhu sau: "NMISC, 3"; b~m OK.
.:. L~y (J"mm'

..

Trong 6 a du6'i, them s6 2 vao nhu sau: "NMISC, 2"; b~m Apply.
Trong 6 a du6'i, them s6 4 vao nhu sau: "NMISC, 4"; b~m OK.
286
.:. Xem()max'.
Chon NMISC1 va NMISC3 trong 6 Lab 1-9.
B~m OK. Thi xu~t hi~n bang PRETAB. Keo thanh cuon d~n cu6i cung, thi se co gia
tri Ian nh~t cua ung su~t nhu hinh 10.5
----------------------
~ PRETAB Command (gJ

File
ELEM HI1 50 AI
UALUE 0.21875E+09 0.21875E+09 ~I
~I
Hinh 10.5
.:. Xem()mm'
..
Chon NMISC2 va NMISC4 trong 6 Lab 1-9.
tri nh6 nh~t cua ung su~t nhu hinh 10.6
~ PRETAB Command (gJ
File
ELEM 101 50 ~t
UALUE -0.21875E+09-0.21875E+09 y l
Hinh 10.6
c) Xem chuy~n vi th~ng dung Ian nh~t Ymax

B~m OK. Thi bang PRNSOL xu~t hi~n. Keo thanh cuon d~n cu6i cung, thi se co gia tri
chuy~n vi th~ng dung Ian nh~tYmax nhu th~ hi~n hinh 10.7.
~ PRNSOL Command LRl
File
MAXIMUM ABSOLUTE UALUES ~I

NODE 56
UALUE -0.29326E-01
Hinh 10.7
B. Giai bili toaD tBi IfU hoa.

1. T~o bi~D m\lc tieu.
d day ham m\lC tieu Ia qrc ti~u hoa volume (th~ tich) cua thanh d~m, vi vay:
287

Trong ph~n Item,Comp, keo thanh cuon xu6ng d~ chon m\lC Geometry.
Trong 6 k~ ben, chon Elem volume VOLU, b~m OK.
d tren ta chi l~y volume mot ph~n tu, vi vay se cong cac volume cua cac ph~n tu l~i vai nhau:
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ General Postproc ~ Element Table ~ Sum ofEach Item.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Tabular Sum of Each Element Table Item".
Nh~p OK. Thi cua sf> "SSUM' xu~t hi~n nhu hinh 10.8, trong d6 cho th~y th~ tich cua
thanh d~m la 0.0032 m 3 (V = 4a x 2bxb= 0.0032). T~t cua sf> "SSUM' di.
~ SSUM Command 19]
File
SUM ALL THE ACTIUE ENTRIES IN THE ELEMENT TABLE ~

TABLE LABEL TOTAL
SMIS2 -50500.0
SMIS8 -49500.0
SMIS6 28665.0
SMIS12 29665.0
NMIS1 0.3215?2E+11
NMIS3 0.3190?2E+11
NMIS2 -0.3215?2E+11 =
NMIS4 -0.3190?2E+11
I DoLO iU2iUliUIE 02 I vi
Hinh 10.8
Dua bi~n volume vao Scalar Parameters:

Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Get Scalar Data".
Chon Results data ben 6 thu nh~t, chon Elem table sums ben 6 thu hai.
B~m OK. Thi cua sf> "Get Element Table Sum Results" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap chu "VOLUME' vao 6 Name ofparameter to be defined, va chon m\lC VOLU
trong 6 phi duai (nhu hinh 10.9), b~m OK.
~ Get Element Table Sum Results ~
[*GET),Par,SSUM"ITEM Get Element Table Sum Results
Name of parameter to be defined I
VOLUME
Element table item -

IVOLU
- whose summation is to be retrieved
Hinh 10.9
COMMAND: Utility Menu~Parameters~Scalar Parameters. Se th~y duQ'c bi~n volume

trong cua sf> "Scalar Parameters".
288
2. T~o bi~n rimg buQc.

a) Bi~n chuy~n viy
Chon Results data ben 6 thu nh~t, chon Nodal results ben 6 thu hai.
B~m OK. Thi cua sf> "Get Nodal Results Data" xu~t hi~n nhu hinh 10.10.
Nhap chu "Y" vao 6 Name ofparameter to be defined, nhap gia tri 56 (nut co chuy~n
vi qrc d~i) vao 6 Node number.
Trong ph~n Results data to be retrieved, chon m\lC DOF solution trong 6 thu nh~t,
chon UY trong 6 thu hai, b~m OK.
~ Get Nodal Results Data ~
[*GET],Par, NODE,N Get Nodal Results Data
Name of parameter to be defined 1y
Node number N 56
1
Results data to be retrieved .~ Translation UX
,~
Stress I~
Strain-total UZ
Flux & gradient USUM
Nodal force data = Rotation ROTX
Energy ROTY v
Strain-elastic
-
Strain-thermal
~I UY
OK
I Apply
I Cancel
I Help
I
Hinh 10.10
b) Bi~n ung su~t phap Ian nh~t (J
Xac dinh ung su~t phap Ian nh~t (J Ia tri s6 tuy~t d6i (do ta co (Jmax va (J min)
COMMAND: MainMenu~ General Postproc~Element Table~Abs Value Option.

Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Absolute Value Option for Element Table Calculations".
Nh~p chon yes trong 6 KEY, b~m OK.
Tim gia tri Ian nh~t trong cac bi~n ung su~t NMISC1, NMISC3, NMISC2 va NMISC4
COMMAND: MainMenu~ General Postproc~Element Table~ Find Maximum.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Find Maximum for Element Table Items".
Nhap chu "MF' vao 6 LabR, chon NMISC1 trong 6 Lab 1 va chon NMISC2 trong 6
Lab2, b~m Apply.
Cua sf> "Find Maximum for Element Table Items" xu~t hi~n ti~p.
Nhap chu "MJ" vao 6 LabR, chon NMISC3 trong 6 Lab 1 va chon NMISC4 trong 6
Lab2, b~m Apply.
Nhap chu "MI.!' vao 6 LabR, chon MI trong 6 Lab 1 va chon MJ trong 6 Lab2, b~m
OK.
289
K~ ti~p:
COMMAND: MainMenu~ General Postproc~List Results~Sorted Listing~Sort Elems.
Cua sf> "Sort Elements" xu~t hi~n (nhu hinh 10.11).
Chon MIJ trong 6 Item, Comp, b~m OK.
~ Sort Elements 1'1<1
[ESORTJ Sort Elements
ORDER Order in which to sort IDescending order

KAB5 50rt on absolute value?
NUMB Number of elems for sort

JI
Item,Comp 50rt elems based on -
- selected element table item
OK Cancel Help
Hinh 10.11
Dua bi~n ung su~t Ian nh~t vao Scalar Parameters:

Chon Results data ben 6 thu nh~t, chon Other operations ben 6 thu hai.
B~m OK. Thi cua sf> "Get Data from Other POSTI Operations" xuat hi~n (hinh
10.12).
Nhap chu "SMAX" vao 6 Name ofparameter to be defined
~ Get Data from Other posn Operations }o: I
[*GET],Par,SORT_et c Get Data from Other POST! Operations
Name of paramet er to be defined I SMAX
Data to be retrieved ..
From force sum
. .
Minimum value
Strs intens fact
Surf ace integral
NodeSolu Contour
Error estimation
Error estimate
IMaximum value
Hinh10.12
COMMAND: Utility Menu~Parameters~Scalar Parameters. Se th~y duQ'c t~t Cel. ca.c bi~n
trong cua sf> "Scalar Parameters" (hinh 10.13)
3. Ghi l~i d~ng Log File

COMMAND: UtilityMenu~File~Write DB logfile ...
290
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Write Database Log to".

Nhap ten chojile (d~ng *lgw), b~m OK.
Scalar Parameters
Items
A -1
B = 2. OOOOOOOOOE -02
I =1
M.l>XLAYER = 0
Q = 1000
SM.I>X = 218750000
VO LU ME = 3_200000000E 03
Y = 2. 932551905E02
Selection
'Hinh 10.13
4. Gan file d~ thl!c hi~n tBi IfU hoa.

COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Design Opt ~ Analysis File ~ Assign.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Assign Analysis File".
Chon duang d~n d~njile*lgw vua t~o a tren.
B~m OK.
5. Dinh nghia cac bi~n d~ thl!c hi~n tBi IfU hoa

a) Bi~n thi~t k~.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Design Opt ~ Design Variables.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Design Variables".
Nh~p Add thi cua sf> "Dejine a Design Variables" xu~t hi~n.
ChonA trong 6 NAME. Nhap cac gia tri:
./ MIN= 1
./ MAX= 5
./ TOLER = 0.1
B~m Apply.Cua sf> "Dejine a Design Variables" xu~t hi~n tra l~i.
Chon B trong 6 NAME. Nhap cac gia tri:
./ MIN = 0.02
./ MAX= 0.5
./ TOLER = 0.001
b) Bi~n rang buQc.

COMMAND: MainMenu~Design Opt~ State Variables.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "State Variables".
Nh~p Add thi cua sf> "Dejine a State Variables" xu~t hi~n.
291
Chon Y trong 6 NAME. Nhap cac gia tri sau:

./ MIN = -3e-4
./ MAX= 0
./ TOLER = 0
B~m Apply. Cua sf> "Define a Design Variables" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i.
Chon SMAX trong 6 NAME. Nhap cac gia tri:
./ MIN=O
./ MAX= 12e6
./ TOLER = 100
c) Bi~n m\lC tieu.

COMMAND: MainMenu~Design Opt~ Objective.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Define Objective Function".
Chon VOLUME trong 6 NAME. Nhap cac gia tri TOLER = 0, b~m OK.
6. Dinh nghia phIfO'ng phap tinh toan

COMMAND: MainMenu~Design Opt~ Method/Tool.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "SpecifY Optimization Method'.
Nh~p chon First-Order, b~m OK.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Control for First-Order Optimization".
Nhap cac gia tri:
./ NITR = 20 (s6 bu6c Hip)
./ SIZE = 100
./ DELTA = 0.2
B~m OK.
7. Giai bili to an tBi IfU hoa.
COMMAND: MainMenu~Design Opt~ Run.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Begin Execution ofRun".
Sau k~t thuc 20 bu6c Hip thi cua sf> "Execution summary" xu~t hi~n nhu hinh 10.14,
th~y r~ng sau 20 bu6c Hip thi t6i bu6c thu 17 Iii. da tim ta gia tri t6i uu.
B~m OK tren cua sf> "Execution summary".
B~m Close tren cua sf> "Note" (hinh 10.14).
~ Execution summary X
RUN COMPLETED
Reason for run termination. .. MAXIMUM LOOPS
No. of iterations completed... 20.00
Best design set number , .... 17.00
No. of errors/warnings ... 720.0
See File toiuuhoal ,err for messages .
CPU run time ... . 113.4 seconds
292
Begin 1st order iteration 20 of 20 (max)

Next design is set no. 21
Best VOLUME = 3. 185843578E-02 at set no. 17.
Hinh 10.14
8. Xu If k~t qua.
a) Hi~n b~ng thong sf>
COMMAND: Utility Menu~Parameters~Scalar Parameters. K~t qua nhu hinh 10.15.
Scalar Parameters
Items
A = 1m
A =1
B = 6. 313765385E -02 B = 0.06313765385 m
I =1
MI>XLAYER = 0
Q = 1000
5MI>X = 6953008.01
Illl = 6953008 N/m 2
VOLUME = 1 189090667E-02
Y = 2. 952649733E 04
y = -2.952649733 X 10-4 m
Selection
V= 0.03189090667 m3
Hinh 10.15
b) Th~ hi~n b~ng dE> thi

COMMAND: MainMenu~Design Opt~Design Sets~Graphs/Tables.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Graphs/List Tables ofDesign Set Parameters".

Chon "Set number" trong 0 X-variable parameter.
Chon "A" va "B" trong 0 Y-variable parameter. B~m OK. Thi co nhu hinh 10.16.a.
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Design Opt ~ Design Sets ~ Graphs/Tables.
Chon "SMAX" trong 0 Y-variable parameter, b~m OK. Thi co nhu hinh 10.16.b.

Chon "Y" trong 0 Y-variable parameter, b~m OK. Thi co nhu hinh 10.16.c.

293
Chon "VOLUME' trong 6 Y-variable parameter, b~m OK. Thi co nhu hinh 10.16.d.
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Hinh 10.16
III. TOI UU HOA BAI ToAN THANH - DAM 2D.

Cho mot M k~t du g6m mot thanh d~m n~m ngang co ti~t di~n la hinh chfr I duQ'c ghep ch~t
mot d~u vai mot thanh co ti~t di~n hinh trcm nhu bi~u di~n 0 hinh 10.17. Hai d~u con l~i cua
d~m va thanh duQ'C ngam ch~t, t~i d~u ghep gifra d~m va thanh chiu tac d\lllg boi mot h,rc P co
chi~u huang xu6ng. Bi~t d~m va thanh d~u lam tu mot vat li~u co E=210x 109N/m2.
a) ChoP = 5 x 10 sN, L = 5m, B = 0.02m, R = 0.025m
Hay ve bi~u d6 noi h,rc.
Tinh O"max va O"min (cua d~m va thanh).
Chuy~n vi th~ng dung Ian nh~tYl cua nai ghep d~m va thanh (nai d~t h,rc P).
b) Bai to an t6i uu hoa:
Cvc ti~u hoa: V = L (15B 2 L + .[iJrR 2 )
294
Chu:cmg 10 Ung dl;lng ANSYS vao bai toan t6i u:u hoa
Cac rang buoc:

./ 0 ::; Illl ::; 125x 106 [100 N/m2]
/ -2
v -lxl0 ::; Ylmax ::; 0 [O m]
./ 0.01::; R ::; 0.25 [0.001 m]
./ 0.01 ::; B ::; 0.5 [0.001 m]
L -.- / .
R
P
Hinh 10.17
A. Giai bili to an dAm & thanh thong thlf(mg

1. ChQn ki~u bili to an.
Chon Structural r6i b~m OK. Scalar Parameters
2. Nh~p cae tham sa (Parameters). lIems
B = 2.000000000E -02
COMMAND: Utility R = 2.500000000E -02
Menu ~ Parameters ~ Scalar Parameters.
Cua sf> "Scalar Parameters" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap tu~n W cac gia tri sau vito 6
Selection, m6i l~n nhap xong mot gia tri la
Seleclion
nh~p vao nut Accept (sau khi nhap xong thi
duQ'c th~ hi~n nhu hinh 10.18):
./ B = 0.02
./ R= 0.025
R6i b~m Close. Hinh 10.18
295

Nhap vao cac gia tri EX = 21 Oe9 va PRXY = O.
T~t cac cua s6.

dn su d\mg.
Nh~p chon Link, chon 2D spar 1, chon Apply.
Cua s6 "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu nh~t la LINKl.
Nh~p chon Beam, chon 2D elastic 3, chon OK.
Cua s6 "Element Types" xu~t hi~n d~ng ph~n tu thu hai la BEAM3.
B~m Close.
5. Nh~p cac thong sa hinh hQC

Ta co cac thong sf> v~ m~t c~t ngang:
Thanh
Area = 7rR2
D~m
Area = lSxB 2
Jx = (121SI12)xB4
Height = 7xB

Nh~p vao Add lam xu~t hi~n cua s6 "Element Type for Real Constans", nh~p chon
ph~n tu LINK1, b~m OK.
Cua s6 "Real Cons tans for LINK1" xu~t hi~n, nhap cac thong sf> sau:
./ AREA = 3.1416*R*R
B~m OK, cua s6 "Element Type for Real Constans" xu~t hi~n Set l.
Cua s6 "Real Cons tans for BEAM3" xu~t hi~n, ta nhap cac thong sf>:
./ AREA = lS*B*B
./ IZZ = 121S*B*B*B*BI12
296
./ HEIGHT =7*B
B~m OK, cua sf> "Element Type for Real Constans" xu~t hi~n Set l.
B~m Close.
6. rno hinh tinh toan:

T~o
d day chung ta se t~o tllJc ti~p nut va ph~n tu, chu khong chia lu6i
a) T~o node.
T~o cac node c6 toa do:
Node No. X Y
1 0 0
2 -5 0
3 -5 5
Bang 10.2
B~m OK.
b) T~o LINK element (ph~n tu thanh).
Dinhn nghla ki~u ph~n tu va cac thong sf>:
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Elements ~ Elem
Attributes.
ChonLINK1 trong 0 [1YPE] va 1 trong 0 [REAL], b~m OK.
T~o ph~n tu LINK:

Cua sf> "Element from Nodes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh xu~t hi~n hinh mlii ten
huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon nut thu nh~t va nut thu ba, b~m OK.
b) T~o BEAM element (ph~n tu d~m).

Dinhn nghla ki~u ph~n tu va cac thong sf>:
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ Preprocessor ~ Modeling~ Create ~ Elements ~ Elem
Attributes.
ChonBEAM3 trong 0 [1YPE] va 2 trong 0 [REAL], b~m OK.
297
T~o ph~n tu LINK:

huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon node (nut) thu nh~t va nut thu hai, b~m OK.

a) Di~u ki~n bien v~ chuy~n vi
~OnNodes.
Nh~p chon node thu hai va thu ba, b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply U ROT on Nodes" khac
xu~t hi~n.
Chon ALL DOF trong 6 Lab2 va nhap gia tri 0 vao 6 Displacement value.
Nh~p OK.
b) Lvc tap trung.
~OnNodes.
Cua sf> "Apply FIM on Nodes" xu~t hi~n, d6ng thai man hinh cling xu~t hi~n hinh mlii
ten huang len (t ).
Nh~p chon node thu nh~t (ngay g6c toa do), b~m OK, cua sf> "Apply FIM on Nodes"
khac xu~t hi~n.
Chon FY trong 6 Lab va nhap gia tri -5e5 vao 6 VALUE, nh~p OK.
6. Giai bili toan

Nh~p Close.
7. XU- If k~t qua

a) Xem bi~u d6 noi Ivc .
:. L~y N x :
298
Trong 6 a du6i them s6 1 vito nhu sau: "SMISC, 1"; b~m Apply.
.:. L~y Qy:

Trong 6 a du6i them s6 2 vao nhu sau: "SMISC, 2"; b~m Apply.
.:. L~y Mz:

Trong 6 a du6i them s6 6 vao nhu sau: "SMISC, 6"; b~m Apply.
.:. VeNx :
Element Res.
B~m OK. Thi bi~u dE> Nx th~ hi~n nhu hinh 10A.a.
299
.:. Ve Qy:
Element Res.
Nhap +3 vao 6 Fact (M s6 ti l~).
B~m OK. Thi bi~u d6 Qy th~ hi~n nhu hinh 10A.b .
:. VeMz :
Element Res.
Nhap -3 vao 6 Fact.
B~m OK. Thi bi~u d6Mz th~ hi~n nhu hinh lO.4.c.
a) b) c)
Hinh 10.19
b) Xem ung su~t.

Thanh:
.:. L~y (J" :
Trong 6 k~ ben, chon LS.
Trong 6 a du6'i, them s6 1 vao nhu sau: "LS, 1" ; b~m OK.
D~m:
.:. L~y (J"max'.

300
Trong 6 a duai, them s6 1 vito nhu sau: "NMISC, I"; b~m Apply.
Trong 6 a duai, them s6 3 vao nhu sau: "NMISC, 3"; b~m OK.
.:. L~y (J"mm'

..

Trong 6 a duai, them s6 2 vao nhu sau: "NMISC, 2"; b~m Apply.
Trong 6 a duai, them s6 4 vao nhu sau: "NMISC, 4"; b~m OK.
.:. Xem (J cua thanh:

Chon LSI trong 6 Lab 1-9.
tri Ian nh~t cua ung su~t nhu hinh 10.20.
rJ.1 PRETAB Command [RJ
File
ELEM 1 -:11
UALUE 0.35900E+09 ~I
Hinh 10.20
.:. Xem (Jmax cua d~m:

Chon NMISCI va NMISC3 trong 6 Lab 1-9.
tri Ian nh~t cua ung su~t nhu hinh 10.21
301
~ PRETAB Command rg)

File
ELEM HMIS1 HMIS3 ~I
1 0.0000 0.0000
2 -0.830?4E+08-0.49428E+08 ~J
Hinh 10.21
.:. Xem (J'.

mm
cua d~m:
Chon NMISC2 va NMISC4 trong 6 Lab 1-9
B~m OK. Thi xu~t hi~n bang PRETAB. Keo thanh cuon d~n cu6i cung, thi se c6 gia
tri nh6 nh~t cua ung su~t nhu hinh 10.22
~ PRHAB Command [gJ
File
ELEM HMIS2 HMIS4 ~I
1 0.0000 0.0000 --
2 -0.830?4E+08-0.116?2E+09 vi
Hinh 10.22
c) Xem chuy~n vi th~ng dung Yl t~i nai d~t h,rc.

B~m OK. Thi bang PRNSOL xu~t hi~n. Sau d6 ta keo thanh cuon d~n node thu nh~t,
thi se c6 gia tri chuy~n vi th~ng dung Ian nh~tYl nhu th~ hi~n hinh 10.23.
~ PRNSOL Command ~
File
HODE 1 ~I
UALUE -0.190?3E-01 ~I
Hinh 10.23
B. Giai bili toaD tBi IfU hoa.

1. T~o bi~D m\lc tieu.
d day ham m\lC tieu la qrc ti~u h6a volume (th~ tich) cua thanh va d~m, vi vay:
Trong ph~n Item,Comp; keo thanh cuon xu6ng d~ chon m\lC Geometry.
Trong 6 k~ ben, chon Elem volume VOLU, b~m OK.
d tren chi l~y volume mot ph~n tlr, vi vay se cong cac volume cua cac ph~n tu l~i vai nhau:
302
COMMAND: MainMenu ~ General Postproc ~ Element Table ~ Sum ofEach Item.

Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Tabular Sum of Each Element Table Item".
Nh~p OK. Thi cua sf> "SSUM' xu~t hi~n nhu hinh 10.24, trong d6 cho th~y th~ tich cua
thanh d~m lit 0.043884m3 . T~t cua sf> "SSUM'.
~ SSUM Command rg)
File
I SUI1 ALL THE ACTIUE ENTRIES IN THE ELEI1ENT TABLE ~I

TABLE LABEL TOTAL
SI11S2 -1557.30
SI11S8 -1557.30
SI11S6 0.00000
SI11S12 7786.52
SI11S1 206462.
SI11S7 -498443.
NI11S1 -0.830738E+08
NI11S3 -0.494283E+08
NI11S2 -0.830738E+08
NI11S4 -0.116719E+09
LSi pi 2252JplE+pl9
I UOLU 0.438840E 01 vi
Hinh 10.24
Dua bi~n volume vito Scalar Parameters:

Chon Results data ben 6 thu nh~t, chon Elem table sums ben 6 thu hai
B~m OK. Thi cua sf> "Get Element Table Sum Results" xu~t hi~n.
Nhap chu "VOLUME' vito 6 Name ofparameter to be defined, chon m\lC VOLU trong
6 phi du6i (nhu hinh 10.25), b~m OK.
~ Get Element Table Sum Results ~
[* GET), Par,SSUM" ITEM Get Element Table Sum Results
Name of paramet er to be def ined IVOLUME
Element t able it em -
IVOLU
- whose summation is to be retrieved
Hinh 10.25
COMMAND: Utility Menu~Parameters~Scalar Parameters. Se th~y duQ'c bi~n volume

trong cua sf> "Scalar Parameters".
2. T~o bi~n rimg buQc.

a) Bi~n chuy~n vi Yl
Chon Results data ben 6 thu nh~t r6i chon Nodal results ben 6 thu hai.
B~m OK. Thi cua sf> "Get Nodal Results Data" xu~t hi~n nhu hinh 10.26.
303
Nhap chu "Yl" vito 6 Name ofparameter to be defined, nhap gia tri 1 (node d~t h,rc)
vito 6 Node number
".., Get Nodal Results Data ~
[*GET],Par,NODE,N Get Nodal Results Data
Name of parameter to be defined
IV!
Node number N 111
Results data to be retrieved
Stress
,~ Translation UX ,~
Strain-total ~ UZ
Flux & gradient USUM
Nodal force data = Rotation ROTX
Energy ROTY ~
Strain-elastic
Strain-thermal
~I UY
OK
I Apply
I Cancel
I Help
I
Hinh 10.26
b) Bi~n ung su~t Ian nh~t (J
Xac dinh ung su~t phap Ian nh~t (J la tri s6 tuy~t d6i (do ta co (Jmax va (J min)
COMMAND: MainMenu~ General Postproc~Element Value Option. Table~Abs
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Absolute Value Option for Element Table Calculations".
Nh~p chon yes trong 6 KEY, b~m OK.
Tim gia tri Ian nh~t trong cac bi~n ung su~t NMISCl, NMISC3, NMISC2 va NMISC4 cua d~m
d6ng thai cling so sanh vai thanh LSI
COMMAND: MainMenu~ General Postproc~Element Table~ Find Maximum.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Find Maximum for Element Table Items".
Nhap chu "MF' vao 6 LabR, chon NMISCI trong 6 Lab 1 va chon NMISC2 trong 6
Lab2, b~m Apply.
Nhap chu "MY' vao 6 LabR, chon NMISC3 trong 6 Lab 1 va chon NMISC4 trong 6
Lab2, b~m Apply.
Nhap chu "MI.!' vao 6 LabR, chon MI trong 6 Lab 1 va chon MJ trong 6 Lab2, b~m
Apply.
Nhap chu "MIJ_LS" vao 6 LabR, chon MIJ trong 6 Labl va chon LSI trong 6 Lab2,
b~m OK.
K~ ti~p:
COMMAND: MainMenu~ General Postproc~List Results~Sorted Listing~Sort Elems.
304
Chu:cmg ] 0 Ung dl;lng ANSYS vao bai toan t6i tnt hoa
Cua sf> "Sort Elements" xu~t hi~n.

Chon MIJ trong 6 Item, Comp, b~m OK.
Dua bi~n ung su~t Ian nh~t vao Scalar Parameters:

Chon Results data ben 6 thu nh~t, chon Other operations ben 6 thu hai.
B~m OK. Thi cua sf> "Get Data from Other POST] Operations" xuat hi~n (hinh
10.27).
Nhap chu "SMAX" vao 6 Name ofparameter to be defined.
~ Get Data from Other posn O"erations ~
[*GET], Par, SORT _etc Get Data from Other POST! Operations
Name of parameter to be defined !SMAX
Data to be retrieved ,- - -
From force sum Minimum value
Strs intens: fact
Surf ace integral
NodeSolu Contour
Error estimation
Error estimate
IMaximum value
Hinh 10.27
COMMAND: Utility Menu~Parameters~Scalar Parameters. Se th~y duQ'c t~t ca ca.c bi~n

trong cua sf> "Scalar Parameters" (hinh 10.28)
3. Ghi l~i d~ng Log File

COMMAND: UtilityMenu~File~Write DB logfile
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Write Database Log to". Scalar Parameters
Nhap ten chofile (d~ng *lgw), b~m OK. Items
B = 2.000000000E -02
I =1
4. Ganfile d~ thl!C hi~n tBi IfU hoa. MAI<LAYE R =0
R = 2. 50000oo00E -02
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Design Opt ~ Analysis SMAl< = 359004035
VO LUME = 4.388404165E-02
Y1 = -1. 9073377 43E -02
File ~ Assign.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Assign Analysis File".
Chon duang d~n d~nfile*lgw vua t~o a tren. Selection
B~mOK. ,----------------------
5. Dinh nghia cac bi~n d~ thl!c hi~n tBi IfU hoa Accept I Delete I Close Help
a) Bi~n thi~t k~.

Hinh 10.28
305
COMMAND: Main Menu ~ Design Opt ~ Design Variables.

Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Design Variables".
Nh~p Add thi cua sf> "Define a Design Variables" xu~t hi~n.
Chon R trong 6 NAME. Nhap cac gia tri sau:
./ MIN = 0.01
./ MAX= 0.25
./ TOLER = 0.001
B~m Apply, cua sf> "Define a Design Variables" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i.
Chon B trong 6 NAME. Nhap cac gia tri sau:
./ MIN = 0.01
./ MAX= 0.5
./ TOLER = 0.001
b) Bi~n rang buQc.

COMMAND: MainMenu~Design Opt~ State Variables.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "State Variables".
Nh~p Add thi cua sf> "Define a State Variables" xu~t hi~n.
Chon Yl trong 6 NAME. Nhap cac gia tri sau:
./ MIN = -e-2
./ MAX= 0
./ TOLER = 0
B~m Apply.Cua sf> "Define a Design Variables" xu~t hi~n tr6' l~i.
Chon SMAX trong 6 NAME. Nhap cac gia tri sau:
./ MIN=O
./ MAX= 125e6
./ TOLER = 100
c) Bi~n m\lC tieu.

COMMAND: MainMenu~Design Opt~ Objective.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Define Objective Function".
Chon VOLUME trong 6 NAME. Nhap cac gia tri TOLER = 0, b~m OK.
6. Dinh nghia phuO'ng phap tinh toan

COMMAND: MainMenu~Design Opt~ Method/Tool.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "SpecifY Optimization Method'.
Nh~p chon First-Order, b~m OK.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Control for First-Order Optimization".
./ NITR = 20 (sf> bu6c Hip)
./ SIZE = 100
306
./ DELTA = 0.2
B~m OK.
7. Giai bili toaD tBi IfU hoa.
COMMAND: MainMenu~Design Opt~ Run.
Xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Begin Execution ofRun".
Sau khi xu~t hi~n cua sf> "Execution summary" thi b~m OK.
B~m Close tren cua sf> "Note".
8. Xu If k~t qua.
a) Hi~n b~ng thong sf>
COMMAND: Utility Menu~Parameters~Scalar Parameters. K~t qua nhu sau:
R = 0.0452187776 m
B = 0.0175949866 m
2
Illl = 119693118 N/m
Yl = -0.7799413552x 10-2 m
3
V = 0.0686415273 m
b) Th~ hi~n b~ng d6 thi


Chon "R" va "B" trong 0 Y-variable parameter, b~m OK, hinh 10.29.a.

Chon "SMAX" trong 0 Y-variable parameter, b~m OK, hinh 10.16.b.

Chon "Yl" trong 0 Y-variable parameter. R6i b~m OK, hinh 10.29.c.

Chon "VOLUME' trong 0 Y-variable parameter, b~m OK, nhu hinh 10.29.d.
307
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omltlUTIal I\N I\N
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a) b)
Hinh 10.29
308
Chu:cmg 11 Sir dl;lng lnh trang ANSYS
Chu'dng 11
SU DUNG
. LENH
. TRONG
ANSYS
Ngoai vi~c giai bai tmln b~ng cach dung menu thi chuang trinh ANSYS con giai bai toan b~ng
cac diu l~nh, va c6 th~ su d\lllg nhu la mot ng6n ngfr lap trinh. ANSYS bao g6m cac l~nh v~
d~t tai trong, rang buoc, cai d~t cac ki~u bai toan va xu ly k~t qua. Chuang nay se gi6i thi~u
mot sf> diu l~nh ca ban trong vi~c giai quy~t nhfrng bai to an da duQ'c trinh bay a nhfrng
chuang tru6c.
Lu:u y: Cac diu l~nh trong ANSYS kh6ng phan bi~t chfr hoa ho~c chfr thucmg.
I. NHUNG LNH ANSYS CAN BAN

C6 khoang 1500 cau l~nh trong ANSYS, v6i nhfrng cll phap va ham d~t trung. C6 th~ tim hi~u
r5 nhfrng cau l~nh nay trong ph~n "Help" cua ANSYS. T~m thai, nh6m cac cau l~nh ca ban
thanh 6 ph~n rieng bi~t nhu sau:
309
Chu:cmg 11 Sir dl;lng lnh trong ANSYS
L~nh di~u khi~n va ca So' dfr li~u (Session and Database Commands).
L~nh APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language Commands).
L~nh t~o rna hinh vat th~ (SolidModel Generation Commands).
L~nh t~o luai (Meshing Commands).
L~nh giai bai toan (Solution Commands).
L~nh xu ly k~t qua (General Postprocessor Commands).
Call l~nh (Command) Mo ta (Description)

ICLEAR X6a bo nha.
IPREP7 Nh~p chon Preprocessor.
ISOLU Nh~p chon Solution.
IPOST1 Nh~p chon General Postprocessor
IPOST26 Nh~p chon Time History Postprocessor
FINISH T~t bo xu ly hi~n hanh, va b~t d~u mot
buac maio
IEOF Ngung docfile.
IFILNAME Dinh ten jobmane.
HELP Hi~n thi trang trO' giup.
SAVE Luu l~i dfr li~u.
RESUME Ti~p t\lC dfr li~u dll Hit.
KSEL, LSEL, ASEL, VSEL, NSEL, ESEL, Chon keypoint, line, area, volume,
CMSEL node, element va component.
ALLSEL Chon t~t ca.
CLOCAL, LOCAL Dinh nghla M toa do dia phuang.
CSYS Chuy~n d6i gifra cac M tf\lC toa do.
! B~t d~u cho mot lai chu giai.
Bang 11.1 L~nh di~u khi~n va ca So' dfr li~u

*AFUN Chuyen dai gifra degrees va radians
trong dan vi do g6c.
*GET Luu l~i ki~u ho~c k~t qua vao
Parameters.
*VWRITE Ghi dinh d~ng cho tap tin.
*00, *ENOOO B~t d~u va k~t thuc mot vang l~p
*IF, *ELSE , *ELSEIF, *ENOIF L~nh lien k~t IF-THEN-ELSE
*SET Dinh nghla tham sf>.
310
Bang 11.2 L~nh APDL

K, L, A, AL, V, VA T~o keypoint, line, area va volume.
LARC T~o cung trcm.
SPLINE, BSPLIN T~o duang spline qua cac keypoint.
ADRAG T~o mot area b~ng cach quet mot line
thea mot duang d~n.
VRAG T~o mot volume b~ng cach quet mot
area thea mot duang d~n
VEXT T~o mot volume b~ng cach extrude tu
mot area.
AADD, VADD Cong cac area ho~c cac volume l~i vai
nhau.
LGLUE,AGLUE, VGLUE Dan cac line, area ho~c cac volume l~i
vai nhau.
LOVLAP, AOVLAP, VOVLAP Chong (overlap) cac line, area ho~c cac
volume l~i vai nhau.
CM T~o component.
KDELE, LDELE, ADELE, VDELE, X6a keypoint, line, area, volume ho~c
CMDELE component.
KPLOT,LPLOT,APLOT,VPLOT Ve keypoint, line, area ho~c volume
tllJc ti~p tren man hinh.
KLlST, LLlST, ALlST, VLlST, CMLlST Li~t ke keypoint, line, area, volume
ho~c component.
Bang 11.3 L~nh t~o rna hinh vat th~

ET Chon ki~u ph~n tu (element).
R Nhap cac thong sf> chinh cua element
(real constans).
MP Nhap thuoc tinh vat li~u.
N T~o nut (node).
E T~o ph~n tu (element).
TYPE Chon ki~u element m~t dinh.
REAL Chon real constants m~t dinh.
MAT Chon thuoc tinh vat li~u m~t dinh.
311
LMESH,AMESH,VMESH Chia lu6i cho line, area ho~c volume.

LCLEAR,ACLEAR,VCLEAR X6a lu6i cho line, area ho~c volume.
LESIZE Nhap so element ho~c kich thu6c
element cho suot chi~u dai cua line
duQ'c chia lu6i.
MSHKEY Chon kieu chia lu6i W do hay duQ'c
di~u chinh.
NDELE, EDELE X6a node ho~c element.
NPLOT, EPLOT Ve node ho~c element tren man hinh.
NLlST, ELiST Li~t ke node ho~c element.
Bang 11.4 L~nh t~o lu6i

SOLVE Giai cho giai do~n hi~n hanh.
LSSOLVE Giai tu nhi~u giai do~n khac nhau.
D Chon bat wdo cho cac node.
F Nhap di~u ki~n bien h,rc cho cac node.
SF, SFE, SFL,SFA Nhap h,rc m~t cho node, element, line
ho~c area.
BF,BFE Nhap h,rc kh6i cho node, element.
TUNIF Nhap nhi~t do phan bo deu cho cac
node.
IC Chon cac di~u ki~n ban d~u.
LSREAD, LSWRITE Doc va ghifile cho tung giai doan.
Bang 11.5 L~nh giai bai toan

PLDISP Ve hinh bi~n d~ng.
PLNSOL Ve hinh bi~n d~ng cua lai giai cho
node.
PLESOL Ve hinh bien d~ng cua lai giai cho
element.
PRNSOL Li~t ke lai giai cho node ..
PRE SOL Li~t ke lai giai cho element.
Bang 11.6 L~nh xu ly k~t qua
312

+ Cong
- Trir
* Nhan
/ Chia
** Lily thua
< So sanh nh6 han
> So sanh Ian han
= Bang
Bang 11.7 Cac toan tu toan hoc

ABS(X) L~y tri tuy~t df>i gia tri x.
EXP(X) Lay mil X.
LOG(X) L~y 16garit t\J nhien cua X.
LOGIO(X) L~y 16garit ca sf> 10 cua X.
SQRT(X) Can cua X.
NINT(X) L~y sf> nguyen g~n gia tri X nh~t.
RAND(X,Y) L~y mot sf> b~t ky cua hai day X va Y.
SIN(X), cos(X), TAN(X) Ham luqng giac.
SINH(X), COSH(X) , TANH(X) Ham hyperbolic luqng giac.
ASIN(X), ACOS(X) , ATAN(X) Ham luqng giac nguqc.
Bang 11.8 Ham toan hoc
II. BAI ToAN DAM CONG
-.-
M 1=3000 Nm 2000 N 0.05 m
/ .
/
./
~-----------------
I( 3m + 2m
Hinh 11.1
313
Cho mot thanh d~m cong ph~ng chiu tac d\lllg nhu hinh 11.1. Cho E=2.1 x 109 N/m 2
1) Hay ve bi~u dE> h,rc c~t Qy va moment M z .
2) Xac dinh chuy~n vi th~ng cua toan d~m.
3) Xem ung su~t trong d~m.
!**************************** E3E:C;I~ ********************************
ICLEAR !X6a bO nha

ITITLE, BEAM ! fJijt ten cho bai toan la "BEAM"
!**************************** Chon phan tll' va cac thong so
******
IPREP7 ! Nh;jp chQn Preprocessor
ET,1,BEAM3 ! ChQn ph;jn tif BEAM3
R,1 ,3.1416*(0.05*0.05),0.05*0.1 **4,0.1, , , , ! Nh~p real constans: AREA, IZZ, HEIGHT
MPTEMP"",,,,
MPTEMP,1,0 ! M& cifa s6 Matarial
MPDATA,EX,1,,2.1e9 ! Nh~p m6dun dan h6i young
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0 ! Nh~p hfj s6 poission
!**************************** Tc;:l 0 rno hi nh **************************
K,1,0,0" keypoint tQa dO (0,0)=K1
LARC,1,2,4,3, t<;lO cung tron: By End KPs & Rad (tam la K4, rad= 3)
LSTR, 2, 3 t<;lO dU'ang th~ng qua K2 va K3
!**************************** C hia IU'D'i ******************************
ESIZE,0,50, ! chQn kfch thU'ac ph;jn tif (chia tMnh 50 ph;jn tif)
LMESH, 1 !chia lU'ai cho L 1
LMESH, 2 !chia lU'ai cho L2
FINISH ! k~t thuc qua trinh chia Iwi.
!**************************** )~t dieu ki~n bien va giai ************

ISOL ! nh;jp chQn Solution
FLST,2,1 ,3,ORDE, 1 ! chQn keypoint, s6 lU'Q'ng la 1
FITEM,2,1 ! keypoint 1
DK,P51X, ,0, ,O,ALL, , , , , , ! t<;lO C1i~u kifjn bien t<;li keypoint (ALL OOF)
! cM 9 nMn P51X n6i la n61;jy tU'O'ng (rng nhU' da lifC chQn phfa tren
FLST,2,1 ,3,ORDE, 1 chQn keypoint, s6 lU'Q'ng la 1
FITEM,2,3 keypoint 3
FK,P51X,FY,-2000 dijc lifC -2000 theo phU'O'ng Y.
FLST,2,1 ,3,ORDE, 1 chQn keypoint, s6 lU'Q'ng la 1
FITEM,2,2 keypoint 2
FK,P51X,MZ,-3000 dijc moment -2000 theo chi~u ngU'Q'c kim d6ng h6.
FLST,2,50,2,ORDE,2 chQn ph;jn tif, s6 1U'Q'ng la 50
FITEM,2,51 til' ph;jn tif 51
FITEM,2,-100 d~n ph;jn tif 100 (d;ju - c6 nghTa la mOt day s6)
SFBEAM,P51X,1,PRES,1000"", , dijt lifC pMn b6 len ph;jn tif, chi~u til'tren xu6ng (1)
! ISTATUS,SOLU
SOLVE ! giai bai toan
314
FINISH ! k~t thuc qua trinh giai
!**************************** Xfr Iy ket qua ***********************

/POST1 ! nh;jp chQn General Postprocessor
AVPRIN,O, ,
ETABLE, ,SMISC, 1
AVPRIN,O, ,
ETABLE, ,SMISC, 7
AVPRIN,O, ,
ETABLE, ,SMISC, 2
AVPRIN,O, ,
ETABLE, ,SMISC, 8
AVPRIN,O, ,
ETABLE, ,SMISC, 6
AVPRIN,O, ,
ETABLE, ,SMISC, 12
AVPRIN,O, ,
ETABLE, ,NMISC, 1
AVPRIN,O, ,
ETABLE, ,NMISC, 3
AVPRIN,O, ,
ETABLE, ,NMISC, 2
AVPRIN,O, ,
ETABLE, ,NMISC, 4 l;jy (rng phap nhD nh;jt t~i d;ju J cua ph;jn tif BEAM3
PLLS,SMIS1,SMIS7,-2,0 ve lifC nen, tllfj -2
PLLS,SMIS2,SMIS8,-2,0 ve lifC c&, tllfj -2
PLLS,SMIS6,SMIS12,-2,0 ve moment u6n, tllfj -2
PLNSOL, U,Y, 0,1.0 ve chuy~n vi thea phU'O'ng y, tllfj 1.0
PRNSOL,U,Y hi~n thi k~t qua chuy~n vi thea phU'O'ng y bi1ng bang
PRETAB,NMIS1,NMIS3,NMIS2,NMIS4 hi~n thi k~t qua cac (rng su;jt bi1ng bang
.PRRSOL hi~n thi k~t qua pMn lifC bi1ng bang
!SAVE, BEAM,db,
!****************************TH E EN 0*************************
Sau khi giai xong, thi co cac k~t qua sau:
-"- -
...Y1II_
UI,"" -, .,'" IIUU"
~ -- ~-II"
_' I~X'"
.- -,,.. .-.,.,..
.. c ...... , ..._L.l _
'a.l ~ ......
-_ ...n -_.",
.,t.1.c....... u_u _....,.
-l_ -un __,
..o.-.t.l.e.........._U _UIIO
a) b) c)
Hinh 11.2 Bi~u dE> h,rc nen, h,rc c~t va moment u6n.
315
~ PRRSOL Command L8J

NODE PX PY MZ ~I
1 0.13218E-04 4000.0 21000.
Hinh 11.3 K~t qua phan h,rc
~ PRETAB Command ~
File
ELEM NMIS1 NMIS3 NMIS2 NMIS4 ~I
MINIMUM UALUES
ELEM 100 100 1 1
UALUE 0.80800E+06 0 . 3226?E-02-0.210S1E+09-0.2104SE+09
MAXIMUM UALUES
ELEM 1 1 100 100
UALUE 0.20949E+09 0.20943E+09-0.80800E+06-0.3226?E-02
Hinh 11.4 K~t qua ung su~t.
II. BAI ToAN BIEN D~NG PRANG.

Cho hai kh6i tIl) cung vat 1i~u duQ'c l~p sat nhau, va chiu tac d\lllg bai mot h,rc phan b6 p nhu
th~ hi~n a hinh 11.5. Gia dinh SlJ ti~p xuc cua hai kh6i tIl) 1a kh6ng co hi~n tUQ'ng trnQ't gifra
cac m~t. Kh6i tIl) Ian co vat 1i~u 1a (E1, VI), va cua kh6i tIl) nh6 1a (E2, V2). Ta co cac ti 1~ sau:
E21 E1 = 0.5
= VI = 0.33
VI
bla = 2 va cia = 4
Khi gia trong ANSYS se chon :E1 = 2, a = 1 va p = 1.
Hinh 11.5
!**************************** E3E:C;I~ ********************************

/CLEAR ! x6a bO nh&
!TITLE, PLANE ! dijt ten cho bai toan fa "PLANE"
316
!**************************** Chon phan tll' va cac thong so

******
/PREP7 ! nh;jp chQn Preprocessor.
ET,1,PLANE42 ! chQn ph;jn tif PLANE42
KEYOPT,1,1,0
KEYOPT,1,2,0
KEYOPT,1,3,2 ! chQn ki~u bai toan bi~n d~ng phi!Jng.
KEYOPT,1,5,0
KEYOPT,1,6,0
!**************************** Nh~p tfnh chat v~t li~u ***************
MPTEMP"",,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,1,,2 ! nh~p m60un OEm h6i young cho v~t lifju 1
MPDATA,PRXY,1,,0.33 ! nh~p hfj s6 poission cho v~t lifju 1
MPTEMP"",,,,
MPTEMP,1,0
MPDATA,EX,2,,1 ! nh~p m60un OEm h6i young cho v~t lifju 2
MPDATA,PRXY,2,,0.33 ! nh~p hfj s6 poission cho v~t lifju 1
!**************************** Tc;:lo rno hlnh **************************

PCIRC,2,1,0,90, ! t~o hinh tron co tam a g6c tQa 00
PCIRC,4,2,0,90, ! t~o hinh tron co tam a g6c tQa 00
!**************************** C hia IU'D'i ******************************
FLST,2,2,5,ORDE,2 ! chQn area, s6 1LJ'Q'ng la 2
FITEM,2,1 ! til' area 1
FITEM,2,-2 ! o~n area 2 (d;ju - co nghTa la mOt day)
AGLUE,P51X ! dan (glue) 2 area I~i vai nhau
!----------MESH: A1------------
ESIZE,0.1,0, chQn kfch thU'ac moi ph;jn tif la 0.1
TYPE, 1 chQn ki~u ph;jn tif th(r 1
MAT, chQn ki~u v~t lifju th(r 1
REAL, real constant la m~t Clfnh
ESYS, 0 m~t Clfnh
SECNUM, m~t Clfnh
CM,_Y,AREA t~o mOt "area component" co ten la '~ Y"

ASEL, , , , 1 chQn area 1
CM,_Y1,AREA t~o mOt area component co ten la '~Y1"
CHKMSH,'AREA' ki~m tra area trwc khi chia Iwi
CMSEL,S,_Y chQn mOt bO ph~n nhD cua component '~ Y"
MSHKEY,1 chQn ki~u chia lU'ai la: oU'Q'c anh x~ (Iifa chQn)
AMESH,_Y1 chia lU'ai cho area 1
MSHKEY,O tra v~ ki~u chia Iwi tif do
CMDELE,_Y ! xoa component '~ Y"

CMDELE,_Y1 ! xoa component'~ Y1"
CMDELE,_Y2 ! xoa component '~ Y2"
!----------MESH: A2 ------------
317
TYPE, ! chQn ki~u ph;jn tif th(r 1

MAT, 2 ! chQn ki~u v{jt lifju th(r 2
REAL,
ESYS, 0
SECNUM,
CM,_Y,AREA
ASEL, , , , 2 ! chQn area 2
CM,_Y1,AREA
CHKMSH,'AREA'
CMSEL,S,_Y
MSHKEY,1
AMESH,_Y1 ! chia /LJ'&i cho area 2
MSHKEY,O
CMDELE,_Y
CMDELE,_Y1
CMDELE,_Y2
FINISH ! k~t thuc qua trinh chia fwi.
!**************************** )~t dieu ki~n bien va giai ************

/SOL ! nh;jp chQn Sofution
FLST,2,31,1,ORDE,7 chQn node, s6fU'Q'ng fa 31

FITEM,2,1 node 1
FITEM,2,44 node 41
FITEM,2,76 tll' node 76
FITEM,2,-84 o~n node 84 (d;ju - c6 nghTa fa mOt day s6)
FITEM,2,364 node 364
D,P51X, ,0, , , ,UY, , , , , t<;lO oi~u kifjn bien t<;li node (UY)
FLST,2,31,1,ORDE,6 ! chQn node, s6fU'Q'ng fa 31

FITEM,2,2
FITEM,2,34
FITEM,2,-43
FITEM,2,365
FITEM,2,397
FITEM,2,-415
D,P51X, ,0, , , ,UX, , , , , ! t<;lO CIi~u kifjn bien t<;li node (UX)
CSYS,1 chuy~n sang hfj tQa 00 CifC v&i Z fa tn,lc xoay

NSEL,S,LOC,X,1 chQn cac nut oU'Q'c gi&i h<;ln trang vung ban kfnh fa 1
FLST,2,33,1,ORDE,3 chQn node, s6fU'Q'ng fa 33
FITEM,2,34 node 34
318
SF,P51X,PRES,1 ! oijt fifC phan b6 fen node, chi~u til'tren xu6ng (1)
ALLSEL,ALL ! chQn t;jt ca (keypoint, line, area, .. .)
CSYS,O ! chuy~n sang hfj tQa 00 f)~ Cac
! /STATUS,SOLU
FINISH ! k~t thUc qua trinh giai
!**************************** XCr Iy ket qua ***********************

/POST1
! PLNSOL, S,X, 0,1.0 ! ve (mg su;jt (Yxx, tlffj 1.0
! PLNSOL, S,Y, 0,1.0 ! ve (rng su;jt (Yyy, tlffj 1.0
RSYS,1 ! chuy~n sang hfj tQa 00 CifC o~ th~ k~t qua

AVPRIN,O,O
LAYER,O
FORCE,TOTAL chon kieu life nut de the hi~n ket qua
! PLNSOL, S,X, 0,1.0 ve (rng su;jt CYrr, tlffj 1.0
! PLNSOL, S,Y, 0,1.0 ve (rng su;jt (Yea, tlffj 1.0
FLST,2,2,1 chQn node, s6 fU'Q'ng fa 2
FITEM,2,44 node 44
FITEM,2,364 node 364
PATH,STRESS,2,30,20, t<;lO mOt PATH c6 ten fa STRESS
PPATH,P51X,1 t<;lO mOt PA TH b~ng cach nh;jp vao hai nut n6i 6' tren
PATH,STAT
AVPRIN,O,O,
PDEF, ,S,X,AVG ! nOi suy (rng su;jt CYrr theo gia tri trung binh ph;jn tif
AVPRIN,O,O,
PDEF, ,S,Y,AVG ! nOi suy (rng su;jt (Yee theo gia tri trung binh ph;jn tif
! PLPATH,SX,SY ! V8 PATH (rng su;jt (Yrr va (Yee
!SAVE, PLANE,db,
!****************************TH E EN 0*************************
Sau khi giai xong thi co cac k~t qua sau:
AN lIi{ln.lL SOI,lJTlOIF
"".1 . . . .1 r\AT ]0 ZOOS
n~.l
:r.x
~~.o
(""'"
MX _.816"1:'
MII'--.U,"Uo'P
T1~.l
IT
.".. .. (4VGI
DftX e l ~':!'
$/Ui' . lIl'9h9
UIUIU
!XX-1 . 3M SlIX-l.'"
l . lb8 I.~'
a) b)
Hinh 11.6 Ung su~t Cixx va ung su~t Ciyy
319
1I0D"'~ SOWTlOIt lliOD"''' sownOIt

:ow ., SUD"
nlCE.t nIlE-I
~
0="
1"'''''1
"",.,
ST rAVGI
MX ,'H6":' CIX 1 16'/:'

:JJ\Ii- . 8"Ul' ~ OIO'i"
!=lIX h . 9&l! &(I} SIIX-l.3U
a) b)
Hinh 11.7 U ng su~t (Jrr va ung su~t (Jee
IIClDJ.t ~ownQ" Nlm AN

SUD" "",., ~'f 30 lOOO
IS: ~. : ("
"111:.1 TlIII:_1
SXT ( oI.l"C1 PAtlt l'LCIT
"""0
MX -. 0 16'/:3
lI[ItJol -+4
1I 0n-::~ "
~-1.1 l\l
90C .OOUS16
': ::I ~
'"
n
."
...
0:;
-. t :U
- . u:
/ ---~========
. " ~------------------------
a) b)
Hinh 11.8 Ung su~t ti~PTxy va Path ung su~t (Jrr va ung su~t (Jee
III. BAI ToAN LUU CHAT

Cho mot M th6ng 6ng nuac nhu hinh 11.19. Hay tinh to an va ve SlJ phan b6 van t6c nuac
trong M th6ng 6ng do.
320
1m/s
3m/s
Hinh 11.9
!**************************** E3E:C;I~ ********************************
ICLEAR !X6a bO nh&

ITITLE, FLUID ! fJijt ten cho bai t6an la "FLUID".
!**************************** Chon kieu bfli toan ******

INOPR
IPMETH,OFF,O
KEYW,PR_SET,1
KEYW,PR_STRUC,O
KEYW,PR_THERM,O
KEYW,PR_FLUID,O
KEYW,PR_ELMAG,O
KEYW,MAGNOD,O
KEYW,MAGEDG,O
KEYW,MAGHFE,O
KEYW,MAGELC,O
KEYW,PR_MULTI,O
KEYW,PR_CFD,1 ! chQn bai toan lLJ'u ch;jt.
!**************************** Chon phan tll' ******
IPREP7
ET,1,FLUID141 ! chQn ph;jn tif "FLUID141".
!**************************** Tc;:lo rno hlnh **************************

RECTNG,-2,2,-O.2S,O.2S, ! t<;lO mOt hinh ch[r nh~t
RECTNG,-O.2S,O.2S,-2,O.2S, ! t<;lO mOt hinh ch[r nh~t
321
0
wpro,45.000000, , ! xoay hfj tQa 00 OJ mOt goc +45 quanh tn,lc Z
RECTNG,O, 1.5,-0.1,0.1, ! t<;lO mOt hinh ch[r nh~t
wpro,-90.000000" ! xoay hfj tQa 00 OJ mOt goc _900 quanh tn,lc Z

RECTNG,O, 1.5,-0.1,0.1, ! t<;lO mOt hinh ch[r nh~t
wpro,45.000000, , ! xoay hfj tQa 00 OJ mOt goc +450 quanh tn,lc Z
FLST,2,4,5,ORDE,2 ! chQn area, s6 fU'Q'ng fa 4

FITEM,2,1 ! til' area 1
FITEM,2,-4 ! o~n area 4 (d;ju - co nghTa fa mOt day s6)
AADD,P51X ! cOng cac area vil'a chQn f<;li vai nhau
!**************************** C hia IU'D'i ******************************

ESIZE,0.05,0, ! chQn kfch thU'ac ph;jn tif fa 0.05
MSHKEY,O ! chQn ki~u chia fU'ai tif do
CM,_Y,AREA
ASEL, , , , 5 ! chQn area 5
CM,_Y1,AREA
CHKMSH,'AREA'
CMSEL,S,_Y
AMESH,_Y1 ! chia fU'ai
CMDELE,_Y
CMDELE,_Y1
CMDELE,_Y2
FINISH ! k~t thUc qua trinh chia fwi
!**************************** )~t dieu ki$n bien va giai ************

/SOL ! nh;jp chQn Sofution
FLST,5,1 ,4,ORDE, 1 chQn line, s6 fU'Q'ng fa 1

FITEM,5,4 chQn line 4
CM,_Y,LlNE t<;lO mOt "line component" co ten fa '~ Y"
LSEL,R, , ,P51X chQn line 6' tren (line 4)
CM,_Y1,LlNE t<;lO mOt "area component" co ten fa '~ Y1"
CMSEL,S,_Y chQn mOt bO ph~n nhD cua component '~ Y"
CMDELE,_Y xoa component '~ Y"
DL,_Y1, ,VX,1,1 =
fJijt v~n t6c theo phU'O'ng VX 1 cho line 4
CMDELE,_Y1 xoa component '~ Y"
FLST,5,1 ,4,ORDE, 1
FITEM,5,2 ! chQn line 2
CM,_Y,LlNE
LSEL,R, , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,LlNE
CMSEL,S,_Y
CMDELE,_Y
322
DL,_Y1, ,VX,-2,1 ! fJijt v~n t6c thea phU'O'ng VX =-2 cha line 2
CMDELE,_Y1
FLST,5,1 ,4,ORDE, 1
FITEM,5,5 ! chQn line 5
CM,_Y,LlNE
LSEL,R, , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,LlNE
CMSEL,S,_Y
CMDELE,_Y
DL,_Y1, ,VY,3,1 ! fJijt v~n t6c thea phU'O'ng W =3 cha line 5
CMDELE,_Y1
FLST,5, 11 ,4,ORDE,2 ! chQn line, s6 fU'Q'ng fa 11

FITEM,5,17 ! tir line 17
FITEM,5,-27 ! d~n line 27 (d;ju - c6 nghTa fa mOt day s6)
CM,_Y,LlNE
LSEL,R, , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,LlNE
CMSEL,S,_Y
CMDELE,_Y
DL,_Y1, ,VX,O,1 ! fJijt v~n t6c thea phU'O'ng VX =0 cha cac line da chQn
DL,_Y1, ,VY,O,1 ! fJijt v~n t6c thea phU'O'ng VY=O cha cac line da chQn
CMDELE,_Y1
FLST,5,2,4,ORDE,2 ! chQn line, s6 fU'Q'ng fa 2

FITEM,5,10 ! line 10
FITEM,5,14 ! line 14
CM,_Y,LlNE
LSEL,R, , ,P51X
CM,_Y1,LlNE
CMSEL,S,_Y
CMDELE,_Y
DL,_Y1, ,PRES,O,1 ! dijt CIi~u ki{jn bien ap su;jt =0 cha cac line da chQn
CMDELE,_Y1
FLDATA1,SOLU,TRAN,O
FLDATA1,SOLU,FLOW,1
FLDATA1,SOLU,TEMP,O ! d~ng nhi{jt
FLDATA1,SOLU,TURB,1 ! cMyr6i
FLDATA1,SOLU,COMP,O ! khOng nen dU'Q'c
FLDATA1,SOLU,VOF,O
FLDATA1,SOLU,SFTS,O
FLDATA1,SOLU,IVSH,O
FLDATA1,SOLU,SWRL,O
FLDATA1,SOLU,SPEC,O
FLDATA1,SOLU,ALE,O
FLDATA1,SOLU,RDSF,1
323
! /COM"Steady State Analysis,O

FLDATA2,ITER,EXEC,20, ! bU'&c fijp toan CI,IC
FLDATA2,ITER,OVER,0,
FLDATA2,ITER,APPE,0,
FLDATA3,TERM,VX,0.01,
FLDATA3,TERM,VY,0.01,
FLDATA3,TERM,VZ,0.01,
FLDATA3, TERM, PRES, 1e-008,
FLDATA3,TERM,TEMP,1e-008,
FLDATA3,TERM,ENKE,0.01,
FLDATA3,TERM,ENDS,0.01,
FLDATAS,OUTP,SUMF,10,
!*
FLDATA12,PROP,DENS,2
FLDATA13,VARY,DENS,0
FLDATA12,PROP,VISC,2
FLDATA13,VARy,vISC,0
FLDATA12,PROP,COND,2
FLDATA13,VARY,COND,0
FLDATA12,PROP,SPHT,0
FLDATA13,VARY,SPHT,0
!*
FLDATA7,PROT,DENS,LlQUID ! lLJ'u ch;jt fa nU'&c
FLDATA8,NOMI,DENS,1000, ! kh6i fU'Q'ng rieng 1000
FLDATA9,COF1,DENS,0,
FLDATA 10,COF2,DENS,0,
FLDATA11,COF3,DENS,0,
FLDATA7,PROT,vISC,LlQUID ! fU'u ch;jt fa nU'&c
FLDATA8,NOMI,VISC,0.01, ! hfj s6 nh61 0.01
FLDATA9,COF1,VISC,0,
FLDATA 10,COF2,VISC,0,
FLDATA11,COF3,VISC,0,
FLDATA12,PROP,IVIS
FLDATA7,PROT,COND,LlQUID ! fU'u ch;jt fa nU'&c
FLDATA8,NOMI,COND,-1,
FLDATA9,COF1,COND,0,
FLDATA7,PROT,SPHT,CONSTANT
FLDATA8,NOMI,SPHT,-1,
FLDATA9,COF1,SPHT,0
FLDATA10,COF2,SPHT,0
FLDATA11,COF3,SPHT,0
!*
FINISH ! k~t thUc qua trinh giai
324
!**************************** xCr Iy ket qua ***********************

/POST1
SET,LAST OQC k~t qua cu6i cung
! PLVECT,V, , , ,VECT,ELEM,ON,O ve v~n t6c oU'Q'c th~ hi{jn b~ng vector
! PLNSOL, V,SUM, 0 ve v~n t6c b~ng bang mEW
! PLNSOL, PRES" 0 ve (mg su;jt b~ng bang mEW
! PLNSOL, ENKE" 0 ve nang /U'Q'ng dong r6i b~ng bang mEW
!SAVE, FLUID,db, /U'u /~i bai t6an
!****************************TH E EN 0*************************
Sau khi giai xong thi co cac k~t qua sau:
1
V"'"""'
. nt.'''l
""_1
1IiIJD!t: .. 1Zoe
IU_ .. O
1WC~1l i
a) b)
Hinh 11.20 Van t6c dong nuac th~ hi~n b~ng vector va ban mau.
~.u'OL.uno.w
""'.'0)
""'-1
~ ,AvGI
om ..
nar .UZl04
liB:( .2,'::
a) b)
Hinh 11.8 Ap su~t va nang luqng dong r6i.
325

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Chu:cmg 1 SCI lu:r;c vJ phu:cmg philp phdn tir hi1u hqn - FEM

I. cAc BUOC GIAI BAI ToAN FEM.

1) Giai do~n ti~n xu If.

Ph~n tu Nuti Nut} Goc e

b) H s6 d9 dmg phdn tir:

Con ph~n tu (2) va (5) co h~ sf> do cung tuang duang:

c) Ma trq.n d9 dmg phdn tir:

L[o i=1 Ph~n tu (1)

cos 2 B sinBcosB -cos 2 B -sinBcosB

Ph~n tu thu (1):

4.22 0 -4.22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U1X

Ph~n tu thu (3):

Ph~n tu thu (6):

Dia phuang: [K](6) = 4.22 X 105 0 0

Ph~n tu thu (4): co goc e = 90 0

Ph~n tu thu (2): co goc e = 135 (nhu hinh 1.4) .

Ph~n tu thu (S): co goc e = 4So (nhu hinh 1.S) .

d) L&p ghep phdn tiro

4.22 0 -4.22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U1X

e) Ap d(tt diJu kin bien va tiIi tr9ng.

2) Giai do~n giai.

Ma tran chuy~n vi toim C\lC co th~ vi~t Iii.:

3) Giai do~n h~u xu If.

b) N9i b;rc va zmg sudt philp.

M6i quan M gifra chuy~n vi dia phuong va toan C\lC:

uix cose sine 0 0 U iX

u2x cos45 sin45 0 0 -0.00355

1. Dung ph An tIT tam gia tuy~n tinh (Linear Triangular Element).

Nut Toa do nut Chuyen vi nut

1 u-_ _ _ _v.::2'--_x_ 1u-----v 1

b. Din tich (area).

c. Ma trq.n thu(Jc tinh vq.t liu (material property matrix).

d Ma trq.n hinh dqng phdn tir (element shape matrix).

X(1) = x(1) - x(1) = x - x =-1

x(1) = x(1) -x(1) = x -x = 2

Ph~n tu thu hai:

y(2) = y(2) _ /2) = Y _ Y = 0 X(2) = X(2) _X(2) = x -x =-1

[BI'i JrD] ~~l ~-1

J ~il ~l or l16 ~J~ l~'

f Vector It;rc cila m6i ph6n tir (element load vector).

{e*}={aI1T al1T or =10-6 {60 60 or (1.44)

Vector IlJc nhi~t cua m6i ph~n tu:

Ph~n tu thu nh~t:

{p~)} = 30000 {I 0 0 0 0 0 1 OrN (1.47)

{p~:)}={-900 -300 900 -300 0 0 0 600rN (1.48)

Ph~n tu thu hai.

0 0 -18 -16 30 70 -12 -S4

{p~)}=-IS0{1 0 0 0 0 1 0 lrN (1.S0)

{p~:)}={O 0 0 -300 900 300 -900 OrN (1.S1)

-6 -18 -6 30 -144 -12 156 0 U 30000 -900

-12 -16 30 -16 -18 -54 0 86 450

K~ ti~p, khfr cac di~u kien

75 0 -6 -12 u Xl 30000 -900

Giai phuang trinh (1-55):

2. Dung ph An tIT tIT giac tuy~n tinh (Linear Quadrilateral Element).

Nut Toa do nut Chuy~n vi nut

8N] = _ ~ (1-1] ) 8N] = -~(I-~)

Dinh thuc rna tran Jacobian:

Ma tran Jacobian nghich dao (inverse of the Jacobian matrix):

d. Ma trqn hinh dqng phdn tir (element shape matrix).

Ma tran hinh d~ng ph~n tu:

aN] aN] aN2 aN2 aN3 aN3 aN4 aN4

e. Ma trqn thu(Jc tinh vqt liu (material property matrix).

Data". * POST1 ELEMENT TABLE LISTING *