ORDERING INFORMATION

Davlca Temparatunt Rang* Package

MC1310P -40*Cto+85C Plastic DIP

MC1310

Specifications a n d Applications
Information
FM S T E R E O
DEMODULATOR

FM STEREO DEMODULATOR SILICON MONOLITHIC

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
. a monolithic device designed for use in solid-state stereo receivers.
Requires no Inductors
Low Externa! Part Count
Only Oscillator Frequency Adjustment Necessary
Integral Stereo/Monaural Switch 75 mA Lamp Driving Capability
Wide Dynamic Range: 0 . 5 - 2 . 8 V{p-p) Composite
input Signal
Wide Supply Range: 8 - 1 4 Vdc
Excellent Channel Separation Maintained Over Entire Audio
Frequency Range

Low Distortion: Typically 0.3% THD at 560 mV (RMS)

Composite Input Signal

Excellent SCA Rejection

CASE 6 4 6

F I G U R E 1 - T Y P I C A L A P P L I C A T I O N A N D TEST C I R C U I T

19 k H z
Output
R4 cs

C 6
Pin Functions R3
Pin 1 - V
CC Pin 8 - S w i t c h Filter
Pin 2 - Input Pin 9 - S w i t c h Flltar C5 C4
Pin 3 - Amplifier Output Pin 10 m 19 k H z O u t p u t
- H f - 1
B
Pin 4 - L e f t Channel O u t p u t Pin 11 Modulator input
Pin 5 - Right Channel O u t p u t Pin 12 a Loop Flltar 13 12 A n 10
Pin 6 L a M p Indicator Pin 13 - L o o p Flltar
r
Pin 7 Ground Pin 14 - Oscillator RC N a t w o r k
MC1310

Parts List

17
o
C1 2.0 ^ F C8 - 0.25 *iF C1
C2 - 0.02 MP R1 - 3.9 k f l Input <
C3 x 0 . 0 2 MF
C4 0 . 2 5 MF
C5 m 0.05 ( i f
R2
R3
R4
-
-
-
3 . 9 kSI
1.0 k O
16 k n
R1 R2
C6 m 0.5 MP R5 - 5.0 k n
C? a* 4 7 0 pF C2 ^ cs:
vcc*-
Left Right
Channel Chsnnal
Output Output

7-18
 MC1310

M A X I M U M R A T I N G S { T A - + 2 5 unless otherwise noted.)

Rating Value Unit

Power Supply Voltage 14 Volts

L a m p Current 75 mA

Power Dissipation 625 mW

(Package l i m i t a t i o n )
Oerate above T A 88 + 2 5 C 5.0 mW/C

Operating Temperature Range (Ambient) - 4 0 t o +85 C

Storage Temperature Range - 6 5 to +150 C

E L E C T R I C A L C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S Unless Otherwise noted; V C C , " + Vdc. T A - +25C, 560 m V ( R M S ) (2.8 V { p . p ] ) standard

multiplex composite signal w i t h L or R channel o n l y modulated at 1.0 k H * and w i t h 1 0 0 m V < R M S ) pilot level (10%), using circuit of Figure 1.

Characteristic Min Typ Max Unit

M a x i m u m Standard Composite Input Signal (0.5% T H D ) 2.8 - - v

(p-p)
M a x i m u m Monaural Input Signal (1.0% T H D ) 2.8 - - V
<P-P)
I n p u t Impedance 20 50 - k a

Stereo Channel Separation 30 40 - dB

A u d i o O u t p u t Voltage (desired channel) - 485 - mV(RMS)

Monaural Channel Balance (pilot tone " o f f " ) - - 1.5 dB

T o t a l Harmonic Distortion - 0.3 - %

Ultrasonic Frequency Rejection 19 kHz 34.4 dB

38 kHz _ 45

Inherent SC A Rejection dB
(f = 67 k H z ; 9.0 kHz beat note measured - 75 -

w i t h 1.0 kHz modulation " o f f " )

Stereo Switch Level mV(RMS)

19 kHz input level for lamp " o n " - 20
19 kHz input level for lamp " o f f " 5.0

Capture Range (permissible tuning error of internal oscillator, +3.5 %

reference circuit values of Figure 1)

Current Drain (lamp " o f f " ) - 13 - mAdc

7-19
FIGURE 2 - CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC
 MC1310

T Y P I C A L CHARACTERISTICS
Unless otherwise n o t e d : Vqq * + 12 V d c , T a = + 2 5 C ; 560 m V ( R M S ) ( 2 . 8 V ( p . p ] } standard m u l t i p l e x
composite signal w i t h L or R channel o n l y modulated at 1.0 k H z and w i t h 100 m V ( R M S )
p i l o t level (10%), using c i r c u i t o f Figure 1.
F I G U R E 3 - C H A N N E L S E P A R A T I O N versus
COMPOSITE INPUT L E V E L F I G U R E 4 - C H A N N E L S E P A R A T I O N versus F R E Q U E N C Y

BO 50

f = 1 kH2
Vin >8IV'(pP)

\
50 40

40
V C 0 1' U N E D
30
/
\1
o.:>5 F
30 <1
N !
OETUN ED
| 20
\c.4 D E T U NED

0' 1WS/ If1C

20 10 PIN N
13 2
FILTER NETWORK
10 J K Jl .1,1 1 1

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 50 100 200 500 1.0 k 2.0 k 5.0 k 10 k 20 k 50 k
COMPOSITE INPUT L E V E L ( V { p . p ) ) FREQUENCY (Hz)

FIGURE 5 - CHANNEL SEPARATION versus FIGURE 6 C H A N N E L S E P A R A T I O N versus

VCO FREE RUNNING FREQUENCY i SUPPLY V O L T A G E
60 60

f = 1kHz f = 1kHz
=r 50 50
V i n = 2. 8V(p.p)

40 v, /
( P P) - 5 40
cc
V " <

r
/
30 T V i n = 1.5 V ( p . 30

20 20

10
18.2 18.6 19 19.4 19.8 8.0 10 12 14
VCO F R E E - R U N N I N G FREQUENCY (kHz) SUPPLY V O L T A G E (Vdc)

F I G U R E 7 - T H D versus C O M P O S I T E I N P U T L E V E L 1 F I G U R E 8 - D I S T O R T I O N versus F R E Q U E N C Y 1
0.5 1I I 1 I III!
0.25 jjF

0.4
f = 1 kHz
O l Wv-
P|
PIN Ik n r , c N~
0 5 / j F
13 12
F I L T E R NETWORK

0.2

0.1

0.5 1 0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 50 100 200 500 1.0 k 2.0 k 5.0 k 10 k 20 k 50 k
COMPOSITE INPUT L E V E L ( V j p . p j ) FREQUENCY (Hz)

'Measured w i t h L o w Pass Filter (BW = 15 k H z ) .

7-21
MC1310

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)

F I G U R E 10 - VCO F R E E - R U N N I N G F R E Q U E N C Y
F I G U R E 9 - D I S T O R T I O N versus F R E Q U E N C Y * versus T E M P E R A T U R E

- 19.4
2. 025 v c 0 NONCO MPENSA' rEO
100
OAAA* |( O d
2. PtN 13 PIN 12
19.2
1
2
> '
ac

o
18.8
0.

0. 18.6

100 200 500 1.0 k 2.0 k S.Ok 10 k 20 k 50 k 55 -35 15 +5.0 +25 +45 +65 +85 +105
FREQUENCY <Hz) TEMPERATURE <C)

F I G U R E 12 - P I L O T L E V E L R E Q U I R E D FOR V C O L O C K U P
F I G U R E 11 - C U R R E N T D R A I N versus SUPPLY V O L T A G E versus V C O F R E E R U N N I N G F R E Q U E N C Y

14.5 100

!
1 1
Ii
^ c 7 = 560pF,Rr = 15 kf
i I i. i
80 1
LAMP " O F F "
\ H + 1
1 1 11
Of - wu pr, n [ i *- t
1

.I i
13.5 >
E
60 ^ 1 ! 1 !|
1
/
C7 * 330 pF, R j^ 26 kJ

\ ,

V i
J
1 f

40 L 1 /
}J
< 13
V R T = R4 + R5 /
12.5 20
\ \ \ 4
y -

12
8.0 10 12 18.5 19 19.5 20
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (Vdc) VCO FREE-RUNNING FREQUENCY (kHz)

Measured w i t h L o w Pais Fitter <BW - 15 k H z )

F I G U R E 13 - S Y S T E M B L O C K D I A G R A M

7-22
MC1310
CIRCUIT
Figure 13, on the previous page, shows the system
block diagram. The upper line, comprising the 38-kHz
regeneration loop operates as follows: the internal os-
cillator running at 76-kHz and feeding through two
divider stages returns a 19-kHz signal to the input mod-
ulator. There the returned signal is multiplied with the
incoming signal so that when a 19-kHz pilot tone is
received a dc component is produced. The dc component
is extracted by the low pass filter and used to control
the frequency of the internal oscillator which con-
sequently becomes phase-locked to the pilot tone. With
the oscillator phase-locked to the pilot the 38-kHz out-
put f r o m the first divider is in the correct phase for de-
coding a stereo signal. The decoder is essentially another
modulator in which the incoming signal is multiplied by
APPLICATIONS I N F O R M A T I O N
{ C o m p o n e n t numbers refer t o Figure 1)
External Component Functions and Values
C1 Input coupling capacitor; 2.0 fJiF is
recommended but a fower value is
permissible if reduced separation at low
frequencies is acceptable.
R1, R2, C2, C3 See Maximum Load Resistance section.
C4 Filter capacitor for stereo switch level
detector; time constant is C4 x 53
kilohms 30%, maximum dc voltage
appearing across C4 is 0.25 V (pin 8
positive) at 100 mV(RMS) pilot level.
The signal voltage across C4 is neg-
ligible.
C5 See Phase Compensation section.
R3, C6, C8 Phase-locked loop filter components;
the following network is recommended:
12 O- O 13
When less performance is required a
simpler network consisting of R 3 = 100
ohms and C6 - 0.25/uF may be used
(omit C8). See Figure 9.
R4, R5, C7 Oscillator timing network; recom-
mended values:
C7 - 470 pF 1%
R4 = 1 6 k t t 1%
R 5 = 5 k!2 Preset
7-23
the regenerated 38-kHz signal. The regenerated 38-kHz
signal is fed to the stereo decoder via an internal switch,
which closes when a sufficiently large 19 kHz pilot tone
is received.
The 19-kHz signal returned to the 38-kHz regeneration
loop modulator is in quadrature w i t h the 19-kHz pilot
tone when the loop is locked. With the t h i r d divider
state appropriately connected, a 19-kHz signal in phase
w i t h the pilot tone is generated. This is multiplied with
the incoming signal in the stereo switch modulator
yielding a dc component proportional to the pilot tone
amplitude. This component after filtering is applied to
the trigger circuit which activates both the stereo switch
and an indicator lamp.
These values give 3.5% typical capture
range. Capture range may be increased
by reducing C7 and increasing R4, R5
proportionally but at the cost of in-
creasing beat-note distortion (due to
oscillator-phase jitter) at high-signal
levels. See Figure 12.
Stereo Lamp Nominal rating up to 75 mA at 12 V;
the circuit includes surge limiting which
restricts cold-lamp current to approx-
imately 250 mA.
19-kHz Output A buffer output providing a 3.0-V p k
square wave at 19 kHz is available at
pin 10. A frequency counter may be
connected to this point to measure the
oscillator free-running frequency for
alignment. See Alignment section.
External Monaural/Stereo Switching
If it is desired t o maintain the circuit in monaural
mode, the following procedure must be followed. First,
the stereo switch must be disabled to prevent false lamp
triggering. This can be accomplished by connecting pin 8
negative or pin 9 positive by 0.3 volt. Pin 8 may be
grounded directly if desired. Note that the voltage across
C4 increases to approximately 2 volts with pin 9 positive
when pin 8 is grounded.
Second, the 76-kHz oscillator must be killed to
prevent interference when on AM. This can be ac-
complished by connecting pin 14 to ground via a current
limiting resistor (3.3 kilohms is recommended).
Phase Compensation/I F Roll-off Compensation
Phase-shifts in the circuit cause the regenerated 38-
kHz sub-carrier to lead the original 38 kHz by approx-
imately 2. The coupling capacitor C5 generates an
MC1310

APPLICATIONS I N F O R M A T I O N (continued)

additional lead of 3.5 (for C5 = O.OSfif) giving a total F I G U R E 15 - P I L O T S E N S I T I V I T Y versus

lead of 5.5. POTENTIOMETER ROTATION

The circuit is so designed that phase lag may be

generated by adding a capacitor f r o m pin 3 to ground.
The source resistance at this point is 500 ohms. A
capacitance of 820 pF compensates the 5.5 phase lead:
increase above this value causes the regenerated sub-
carrier to lag the original. However, a 5.5 phase error
if left noncompensated will not degrade separation
appreciably.
Note that these phase shifts occur within the phase-
locked loop and affect only the regenerated 38-kHz
sub-carrier; the circuit causes no significant phase or
amplitude variation in the actual stereo signal prior to
decoding.
Most IF amplifiers have a frequency response that FULLCW CENTER FULL CCW
R (POTENTIOMETER ROTATION)
limits separation to a value significantly lower than the
capability of the MC1310. For example, if the response Alignment Procedure
produces a 1-dB roll-off at 38 kHz, the separation will be
limited to about 32 dB. This error can be compensated The o p t i m u m alignment procedure, w i t h no input
by using an RC lead network as shown in Figure 14. signal applied, is to adjust R5 until 19.00 kHz is read at
The exact values will be determined by the IF amplifier pin 10 on the frequency counter.
design. However, the values shown in Figure 14 are Another procedure requiring no equipment, other
suitable for use w i t h the MC1357 and MC1375 IF than the receiver itself, will result in separation of
amplifiers. within a few dB of optimum. This latter method is
merely to tune the receiver to a stereo broadcast and
adjust R5 until the pilot lamp turns " o n " . To find the
F I G U R E 1 4 - IF C O M P E N S A T I O N NETWORK center of the lock-in range, rotate the potentiometer
back and forth until the center of the lamp " o n " range
is found. This completes the alignment.
From FM To MC1310
Demodulator Input Alternate Timing Network

5.1 k The alternate timing network shown, incorporating a

trimmer capacitor rather than a potentiometer, may be
used if desired. Again, to provide correct temperature
0 . 0 0 5 MF compensation, the temperature coefficient of the timing
network must be approximately - 3 0 0 PPM.

F I G U R E 16

Voltage Control Oscillator Compensation

Pin 14
Figure 10 illustrates noncompensated Oscillator Drift
versus temperature. The recommended T c of the R4, R5,
C7 combination is - 3 0 0 PPM. This will hold the
oscillator drift to approximately 1% over a temperature
20 k 390 pF 7-100 pF
range of - 4 0 to +85C. Allowing 2% for aging of the
timing components acceptable performance is still ob-
tained.

Lamp Sensitivity
It may be desirable in some cases, to change the lamp
sensitivity due to differing signal levels produced by
various FM detectors. The lamp sensitivity can be
changed by making use of the external circuit shown.
Typical sensitivities versus potentiometer rotation are
also shown in Figure 15.
Maximum Load Resistance
The curve shown gives absolute maximum load re-
sistance values versus supply voltage used for full-signal
handling capability. With desired load resistance choose
C2, C3 capacitors to provide standard 75jus de-emphasis.

7-24
 MC1310

APPLICATIONS I N F O R M A T I O N (continued)

F I G U R E 17 - M A X I M U M L O A D R E S I S T A N C E Capture Range versus Timing Components

versus S U P P L Y V O L T A G E The capture range can be changed to some extent by
use of different timing components. Typical values are
shown in Figure 12.

Composite Signal
Due to confusion concerning the measurement of the
stereo composite signal, a curve showing both RMS and
p-p composite levels versus pilot level follows, see
Figure 18.

F I G U R E 18 - C O M P O S I T E L E V E L v e r s u s P I L O T
( L o r R Modulation Only)

1000
10 12
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (Vdc) 500 RMS
5.0
8% PILOT / y
Audio Output "H
ji
p-p audio output (one-channel) 200 2.0 -
j
The ratio G * for RMS (P-P) <c

p-p input signal 10% PILOT 8% PILOT

i ioo

M (P-P>
io
UJ
H-
i

different types of input is as follows: 50

10% PILOT t/3
0.5 o
INPUT
o
o
Single-Channel Monaural
20
Composite Signal Signal 0.2

0.45 0.5
1.0
A
2.0 5.0 10 20 50 100 200 500 0.1
1000
These figures are for 3.9-kilohm load resistors and for PILOT LEVEL (MV[RMS!)
low-audio frequencies where de-emphasis roll-off is
insignificant.

7-25