Help:IPA for Sanskrit

The charts below show the way in which the International 4 References
Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents modern Sanskrit pro-
nunciations in Wikipedia articles. Zieba, Maciej; Stiehl, Ulrich (June 9, 2002). The
Sanskrit has many complex phonological processes, Original Pronunciation of Sanskrit (PDF). Ulrich
called sandhi, which alter sounds because of the presence Stiehl. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
of neighboring sounds at morpheme or word boundaries.
See Sanskrit phonology and Shiksha for a more thorough
discussion of the sounds of Sanskrit.

1 Key

2 See also
IPA vowel chart with audio

IPA pulmonic consonant chart with audio

IPA chart (vowels and consonants) - 2015. (pdf le)

3 Notes
[1] Devanagari consonant letters such as have the inherent
vowel a. Thus, is pronounced ka, even without any
vowel sign added. But the IPA and IAST shown here have
the consonant k only and do not include the vowel 'a'.

[2] Comparison of IAST with ISO 15919 transliteration.

[3] To an English-speakers ear, [ t t] all sound like /t/,

and [ d d ] all sound like /d/. However, to a Sanskrit
speakers ear, each is a very dierent sound. [t d ] are like
the Spanish or French [t d], with the tongue touching the
teeth. [t d ] are how a Sanskrit speaker hears English [
] (the th and dh sounds). Sanskrit [ ] are pronounced
with the tongue further back, touching behind the teeth
mid-palate. [ ] are how a Sanskrit speaker hears En-
glish t d, and [] is how they hear the English t after an s
(as in st).

[4] Vowels may occur nasalised as an allophone of the

nasal consonants in certain positions: see anusvara and
chandrabindu.

[5] Sanskrit distinguishes between long and short vowels.

Each monophthong has a long and short phoneme. The
diphthongs, historically /ai, ai, au, au/, also have a dif-
ference in quality: /e, i, o, u/. Rarely, vowels may be
extra-long.

1
2 5 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

5 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

5.1 Text
Help:IPA for Sanskrit Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help%3AIPA_for_Sanskrit?oldid=769529755 Contributors: Xyzzyva,
Ramrao, Kwamikagami, Sabretooth, Angr, The wub, Aeusoes1, Torzsmokus, Bjankuloski06en~enwiki, Cydebot, Abecedare, WOSlinker,
Wiae, Muhends, Nosmetana, Addbot, Erutuon, Mahmudmasri, Moxy, Khamgatam, Stephen MUFC, GoingBatty, Jenks24, Sonicyouth86,
Serafn33, ZFT, Espeonature, Poipoise, Bodha2, Lfdder, Hemant Dabral, Nayrb Rellimer, Amandeep38, BobBobertson12348, BFButter-
cup, 2know4power, and Anonymous: 16

5.2 Images
File:Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Example.of.complex.
text.rendering.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Wereon
File:Parentesi_Quadre.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg License: Public do-
main Contributors: Own work Original artist: GJo
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tributors: https://github.com/twitter/twemoji Original artist: Twitter

5.3 Content license

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