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Electronics Circuits lab (EC-401P)

Experiment No: - 7

Aim: - To simulate the Class B Complementary Symmetry power amplifier in


PSpice and to Study the crossover distortion.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:-PSPICE

S.NO Equipment/Component name Pspice part Pspice Part Picture


name/Library
1 BJT Q2N2222/EVAL
Q 2

Q 2 N 2 2 2 2

2 Resistor R/analog
R

3 Capacitor C/analog
C

4 Connecting wires from wire symbol


5 Power supply Vdc/source V
Vdc

6 GND(provide 0 in name GND/CAPSYM


option) 0

Theory
When an amplifier is biased at cutoff then it is a class B amplifier. Class B
amplifier with complementary symmetry transistors is shown in fig

G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management, Gr. Noida


Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Electronics Circuits lab (EC-401P)

This circuit uses a pair of transistors having complementary symmetry, that is,
one transistor is PNP and the other is NPN. Note that the complementary
symmetry circuit requires two power supplies, since each transistor must be
biased suitably.
The transistors Q1 and Q2 are operated in class-B. That is, the bias is adjusted
such that the operating point corresponds to the cut-off points. Hence, with no
signal input, both transistors are cut-off and no collector current flows. The signal
applied at the input goes to the base of both the transistors. Since the transistors
are of opposite type, they conduct in opposite half-cycles of the input. For
example, during the positive half-cycle of the input signal, the PNP transistor Q2
is reverse biased and does not conduct. The NPN transistor Q1, on the other
hand, is forward-biased and conducts. This results in a half-cycle of output
voltage across the load resistor. The other half-cycle of output across the load is
provided by the conduction of transistor Q2 (the transistor Q1 remains cut-off)
during the negative half-cycle of the input. Since the collector current from each
transistor flows through the load during the alternate half-cycles of the input
signal, no centre-tapped output transformer is required. The two transistors
though of opposite type must be matched. If there is an imbalance in the
characteristics of the two transistors, even harmonics will no longer be cancelled.
This would result in considerable distortion. Increasing availability of
complementary transistors is making the use of class-B transformer coupled
stages obsolete. All modern power amplifier circuits are transformerless and use
complementary transistors

G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management, Gr. Noida


Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Electronics Circuits lab (EC-401P)

CROSSOVER DISTORTION: When the base voltage is zero as in the case of


the circuit in Figure, both transistors are off and the input signal voltage must
exceed VBE before a transistor conducts. So in between the positive and negative
cycle, there is a time when no transistor is conducting as shown in Figure
The resulting distortion in the output waveform is called crossover distortion.

CALCULATIONS:
AC output power = Vo2/2RL

Input DC power = VccIdc

From the transient response of class B complementary symmetry transistor


amplifier we can observe the following quantities,

Vcc =30V; VL (P) = 19.50V & RL= 8

Therefore AC output power Po (ac) = (19.50)2/ (28) = 23.76W

& the peak load current IL (P) = VL (P)/ RL = 19.50/ 8 = 2.4375A

G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management, Gr. Noida


Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Electronics Circuits lab (EC-401P)

& we are using two power supplies so the value of average current

Idc = 2IL (P)/ = 1.552A

Now the input DC or average power Pi (DC) = VccIdc = 46.57W

So now the efficiency % = [Po (ac)/ Pi (DC)] 100 % = [23.76/46.57]100 =


51.01%

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

OUTPUT WAVEFORM [Transient Response (Cross over distortion)]:

G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management, Gr. Noida


Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering
Electronics Circuits lab (EC-401P)

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Check the connections & simulation settings before simulation.
2. Provide 0 to name option of ground(GND).

RESULT:

G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management, Gr. Noida


Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

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