2008 NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions Q2d f (x ) = tan x log e x has a zero near x = 4 .

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Do not photocopy Copyright 2008 itute.com f (x ) = sec 2 x .
x
Q1a Let p(x ) = x 3 . When p(x ) is divided by x + 3 , the f ( xn )
Newtons method: xn +1 = xn
remainder is p( 3) = ( 3) = 27 .
3 f (xn )
f (4) 0.2285
Another approximation = 4 = 4 = 4.11
d 1 3 f (4) 2.0906
Q1b cos 1 (3x ) = =
dx 1 (3x )
2
1 9x2
Q3ai
1 1
1 x 1 1
Q1c
1 4x 2
dx = sin 1 = sin 1 sin 1
2 1 2 2
=
3

Q1d (2 x + 3 y ) = ........+12C4 (2 x ) (3 y ) + ........

12 8 4

( )( )
The coefficient is 12C4 28 34 = 10264320 .

du
Q1e Let u = sin , = cos .
d
1 1
4
du 4 2
u3 2
0 0 d 0
2 2 2 Q3aii
cos sin d = u d = u du =
3 0
3
1 2 2
= = .
3 2 12

Q1f (x 3)(5 x ) > 0 when 3 < x < 5 . The domain of

f (x ) = log e [(x 3)(5 x )] is the interval (3,5) .

du 1
Q2a Let u = log e x , = .
dx x
e2 e2 2 2
1 1 du 1 1 1 1
x(log x )
e
2
dx = e u 2 dx dx = 1 u 2 du = u 1 = 2 + 1 = 2 (x 3) = (2 x 1) , x + 3 = 2 x + 1 , x = 2
e
4
(x 3) = 2 x 1 , x + 3 = 2 x 1 , 3x = 4 , x =
Q2b Given &x& = x + 4 , and v = 0 at x = 1 . 3
d 1 2 1 2 (x + 4 ) + c . 2
4
v = x + 4 , v = (x + 4)dx = 2 x 1 x 3 when 2 x .
dx 2 2 2 3
25 25
0= +c, c = . 1
2 2 Q3b When n = 1 , (1 + 1)(2(1) + 7 ) = 3 = 1 3 , the statement is
6
1
v2 =
(x + 4) 25 , v 2 = (x + 4)2 25 .
2
true. Assume that it is true when n = k ,
2 2 2
k
2
At x = 2 , v = 11 , speed = v = 11 . i.e. 1 3 + 2 4 + 3 5 + ... + k (k + 2) = (k + 1)(2k + 7 ) , then
6
k
Q2c p(x ) = ax 3 + 16 x 2 + cx 120 , 1 3 + ... + k (k + 2) + (k + 1)(k + 3) = (k + 1)(2k + 7 ) + (k + 1)(k + 3)
6
p( 2) = a( 2 ) + 16( 2) + c( 2) 120 = 0 , 4a + c = 28 ..(1)
3 2
2k + 13k + 18 (k + 1)
2
= (k + 1) =
(k + 2)(2k + 9 )
p(3) = a(3) + 16(3) + c(3) 120 = 0 , 9a + c = 8 .(2)
3 2
6 6
(2) (1): 5a = 20 , a = 4 and c = 44 .
=
(k + 1) ((k + 1) + 1)(2(k + 1) + 7) . it is also true for n = k + 1 .
(
p( x ) = 4 x 3 + 16 x 2 44 x 120 = 4 x 3 + 4 x 2 11x 30 ) 6
( 2)(3)( ) = 30 , = 5 . Hence it is true for all n 1 .

Copyright 2008 itute.com NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions 2008 1

 x d l dx vl Q4ciii Since PLQ = PKQ = 90 ,
Q3ci = tan 1 , = 2 = , where
l dt l + x
2
dt l 2 + x 2 PQ is a diameter of a circle through L and K.
M is the midpoint of PQ,
dx
v= . MK = ML , radius of the circle.
dt

v d
Q3cii At x = 0 , m = is the maximum value of .
l dt Q5ai

d m vl v x
Q3ciii = , 2 = , l 2 + x 2 = 4l 2 , = 3 ,
dt 4 l + x 2 4l l

( )
= tan 1 3 =
3
.

Q4ai T = 190 185e kt . At t = 0 , T = 190 185e 0 = 5 .

dT
dt
( )
= 185ke kt = k 185e kt = k (T 190 ) .

Q4aii At t = 0 (9 am), T = 5 .
At t = 1 (10 am), T = 29 .
161
29 = 190 185e k , 185e k = 161 , e k = .
185
t
161 1 2 1
When T = 80 , 80 = 190 185 , Q5aii The inverse of y = x x is x = y y 2 .
185 2 2
y 2 y + 2 x = 0 , y 2 y + 1 (1 2 x ) = 0 , ( y 1) = 1 2 x ,
t 2 2 2
161 110 log e 110
= , t= 185
= 3.74142 h 3 h 44 min
185 185 161
log e 185 y 1 = 1 2x .
The turkey is cooked at 12:44 pm. y = 1 1 2 x , f 1 ( x ) = 1 1 2 x .
Q4bi Group Barbara and John (in that order) together and Note: Minus is chosen because the domain of f (x ) is the range
arrange with the other six people. of f 1 (x ) .
Number of ways = 7!= 5040 .
3 3 1 1
Q4bii Total number of ways without restrictions = 8! Q5aiii f 1 = 1 1 2 = 1 = .
Half of these John goes through after Barbara, and the other half
8 8 2 2
Barbara goes through after John.
8! Q5b SHM: &x& = k 2 x , where k is a positive constant.
Number of ways = = 20160 .
2 d 1 2 1 2 k 2 x2
v = k x , v =
2
+c.
dx 2 2 2
aq 2 q
Q4ci Gradient of QO = = . Maximum speed = 2 ms1 when x = 0 , c = 2 , v 2 = 4 k 2 x 2 .
2aq 2
2 2
dy When v = 0 , 0 = 4 k 2 x 2 , x = . Amplitude = .
Gradient of PT = = p. k k
dx x = 2 ap 2 2
At x = , maximum acceleration 6 = k 2 , k = 3 .
q k k
PT QO , p = 1 , pq = 2 .
2 2 2
Hence the amplitude = = metres,
k 3
p
Q4cii Gradient of PL = . 2 2
2 And the period = = seconds.
k 3
p pq 2
Gradient of QT = q . q = = = 1 ,
2 2 2
PL and QT are perpendicular, PLQ = 90 .

Copyright 2008 itute.com NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions 2008 2

Q5c 1
Hence sin = 0 , cos = or cos = 1 , where 0 2 .
2
T
5
L P M = 0, , , or 2 .
3 3

Q Q6ci
(1 + x ) p + q = 1+ p + qC1 x+ p + qC2 x 2 + ...+ p + qCq x q + ...+ p + qC p + q 1 x p + q 1 + x p + q

K The term of
(1 + x )p + q which is independent of x is p+q
Cq .
xq

Q6cii (1 + x ) = 1+ pC1 x + pC2 x 2 + ...+ pCi x i + ...+ pC p 1 x p 1 + x p

p
PMQ = KPQ (Angle between tangent and chord equals
angle subtended by chord at a point on circumference) q
1 1 q 1 1 1 1
1 + = 1+ C1 + C2 2 + ...+ Ci i + ...+ Cq 1 q 1 + q ,
PMQ + MPQ = KPQ + MPQ q q q

PQK = KPM ( PQK is an exterior angle of PMQ ) x x x x x x

PQK + KLP = KPM + KPL = 180 where p q .
q
( PQK + KLP is the sum of the opposite angles of a p 1
In the expansion of (1 + x ) 1 + , the term independent of x is
quadrilateral with vertices on the circle) x
KLP = KPL 1 1 1
PKL is isosceles. 12 + pC1 qC1 x + pC2 qC2 x 2 2 + ...+ pC p q C p x p p ,
x x x
Q6ai T i.e. 12 + pC1 qC1 + pC2 qC2 + ...+ pC p qC p .

North
12 + pC1 q C1 + pC2 qC2 + ...+ pC p qC p = p+q
Cq .

1 2 1
Q7a y = Vt sin gt . When y = h , gt 2 Vt sin + h = 0 ,
2 2
32
O 120
V sin (V sin )2 2 gh
t1 =
g
23
B
V sin + (V sin )2 2 gh
and t2 = .
A 200 m g

t1 + t2 =
2V
sin and t1t 2 =
(V sin ) (V sin ) + 2 gh = 2h .
2 2

Q6aii Let h m be the height of the tower.

OA = h tan 23 , OB = h tan 32 , AOB = 180 120 = 60 . g g2 g
The cosine rule:
2 2 h h h 1 1
h h h h Q7b tan + tan = + = +
200 2 = + 2 cos 60 Vt1 cos Vt2 cos V cos t t
tan 23 tan 32 tan 23 tan 32 1 2
h2 h2 h2 h t1 + t2 h 2V
sin
40000 = + , h 96 m. = g = tan .
0.18018 0.39046 0.26524 V cos t t = V cos 2h
12 g
Q6b sin 3 + sin 2 = sin ,
h h h2
sin 3 = sin 2 + sin = 2 sin cos + sin Q7c tan tan =
Vt cos
= 2
V t t cos 2
= sin (2 cos 1) . Vt
1 cos 2 1 2

Given sin 3 = 3 sin 4 sin 3 = 4 sin 4 sin 3 sin h2 gh

= 2 2h = .
( )
= sin 4 cos 2 1 . ( )
V g cos 2 2V 2 cos 2
sin (4 cos 1) = sin (2 cos 1) ,
2

Q7d From the given diagram:

sin (4 cos 1) + sin (2 cos 1) = 0 ,
2
r = OP + PN = h cot + h cot = h(cot + cot ) and
2 sin (2 cos + cos 1) = 0 .
2
w = PN QN = PN OP = h cot h cot = h(cot cot ) .

Copyright 2008 itute.com NSW BOS Mathematics Extension 1 Solutions 2008 3

 1 2
Q7e x = Vt cos and y = Vt sin gt .
2
gx 2
Eliminate t to obtain y = x tan .
2(V cos )
2

dy gx
= tan .
dx (V cos )2
V sin (V sin )2 2 gh
At L, t = t1 = ,
g

x V sin (V sin )2 2 gh
= ,
V cos g

gx V sin (V sin )2 2 gh (V sin )2 2 gh

= = tan
(V cos )2
V cos V cos

dy (V sin )2 2 gh
= ,
dx V cos
(V sin )2 2 gh
i.e. tan = .
V cos
h h h 1 1
tan tan = =
Vt1 cos Vt2 cos V cos t t
1 2
(V sin )2 2 gh
h t1 t2 h
2
= = g
t t V cos 2h
V cos 12
g

(V sin )2 2 gh
= .
V cos
tan = tan tan .

tan + tan 1 1
tan tan + tan tan tan tan
+ tan
Q7f = = tan tan
= 1
tan tan tan tan tan tan
tan1
r
cot + cot h r
= = w
= .
cot cot h
w
w r
= .
tan tan

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