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Pro-Engineer
Protrusion:
Extrusion is a method of defining three-dimensional geometry by projecting a two-dimensional
section at a specified distance normal to the sketching plane. Use the Extrude tool as one of
the basic creation methods that allows you to create a solid or surface, and to add or remove
material.
You can create the following extrusion types with the Extrude tool:
ProtrusionSolid, Thickened
CutSolid, Thickened
Extruded surface
Surface trimRegular, Thickened
Typically, to create an extrusion, you select a sketched datum curve that you want to use as a
section and then activate the Extrude tool. Pro/ENGINEER shows you preview of the feature.
You can adjust the feature as needed by changing the extrusion depth, switching between a solid
or surface, protrusion or cut, or assigning a thickness to the sketch to create a thickened feature.
Note: You can only create a solid cut, surface, or surface trim in Assembly mode.
Accessing the Extrude Tool
To access the Extrude tool, click on the Base Features toolbar or click Insert > Extrude.
There are several ways to activate the Extrude tool:
(Preferred) Select an existing sketched datum curve and click . This method is referred
to as object-action.
Click and create a sketch to extrude. This method is referred to as action-object.
Select a datum plane or planar surface to use as the sketching plane and then click .
Extruded Cut:
You can use the Extrude tool to remove material by projecting a sketched section normal to the
sketching plane. You can use open or closed sections to create a cut. Removing material using a
closed section creates a slot. To create a cut, use the same depth options as for extruded
protrusions. While defining a cut, you can switch between the following feature attributes:
Cut and protrusion by clicking Remove Material
The side where material is removed by clicking Flip Material Side
Solid and thin cut by clicking Thicken Sketch
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Sweeps:
A sweep feature is created by sketching or selecting a trajectory and then sketching a section to
follow along it.
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Three-Dimensional Sweeps
You can create sweeps along a three-dimensional path with a three-dimensional spline for the
sweep trajectory. You can modify the Z-coordinates of spline points. All other Sketcher entities
must lie on a two-dimensional sketching plane.
In all other respects, three-dimensional sweeps are created in the same way as two-dimensional
sweeps. For such applications as creating springs, you can also create an advanced feature helical
sweep by sweeping a section along a helical trajectory.
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plane (in which case the pull direction is normal to this plane), a straight edge, a datum
axis, or an axis of a coordinate system.
Draft angleThe angle between the draft direction and the resulting drafted surfaces. If
the draft surfaces are split, you can define two independent angles for each side of the
drafted surface. Draft angles must be within the range of 30 to +30 degrees.
Draft surfaces can be split either by the draft hinge or by a different curve on the draft surface,
such as an intersection with a quilt, or a sketched curve. If you are splitting by a sketch that does
not lie on the draft surface, the system projects it on the draft surface in the direction normal to
the sketching plane. If the draft surfaces are split, you can:
Specify two independent draft angles for each side of the drafted surface
Specify a single draft angle, with the second side drafted in the opposite direction
Draft only one side of the surface (either one), with the other side remaining in the
neutral position
To access the Draft feature user interface, click in the Engineering Features toolbar, or click
Insert > Draft.
About the Draft User Interface
The Draft user interface consists of the following items:
Feature icon
Dashboard
Slide-up panels
Shortcut menus
Feature Icon
Draft features are identified by the icon both on the Engineering Features toolbar and on the
Model Tree.
The Draft dashboard consists of the following:
Draft hingesLets you specify the neutral lines or curves on the draft surfaces, that
is, the lines or curves that the surfaces are pivoted about. Click the collector to activate it.
You can select up to two planes or curve chains. To select a second hinge, you must first
split the draft surfaces by a split object.
Pull directionLets you specify the direction that is used to measure the draft angle.
Click the collector to activate it. You can select a plane, a straight edge or a datum axis, or
an axis of the coordinate system.
Reverse pull directionLets you reverse the pull direction (indicated by a yellow
arrow).
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AngleLets you change the value for the draft angle. You can type a new value or
select one of the recently used values from the list.
Reverse angle to add or remove materialLets you reverse the direction of the
draft angle, to switch between adding and removing the material.
For split drafts with independently drafted sides, the dashboard contains a second Angle box and
Reverse Angle icon, to control the draft angle on the second side.
Slide-up Panels
The Draft dashboard displays the following slide-up panels:
ReferencesContains the collectors of references used in the draft feature.
SplitContains the split options.
AnglesContains a table of draft angle values and their locations.
OptionsContains the options defining draft geometry.
PropertiesContains the feature name and an icon to access feature information.
The References slide-up panel contains the following elements:
Draft surfacesLets you select the draft surfaces. You can draft only those surfaces that
are formed by tabulated cylinders or planes. You can select individual surfaces or
continuous chains of surfaces. The type of the first selected surface, solid or quilt,
determines the type of other surfaces that can be selected as draft surfaces for this feature.
DetailsOpens the Surface Sets dialog box that lets you add or remove draft surfaces.
Draft hingesLets you specify the neutral curves on the draft surfaces, that is, the lines
or curves that the surfaces are pivoted about. You can select up to two draft hinges. To
select a second hinge, you must first split the draft surfaces by a split object. For each
draft hinge, you can select one of the following:
o A plane, in which case the draft surfaces are pivoted about their intersection with
this plane.
o A curve chain located on the draft surfaces.
DetailsOpens the Chain dialog box that lets you manipulate the draft hinge chains.
Pull directionLets you specify the direction that is used to measure the draft angle.
You can select one of the following:
o A plane, in which case the pull direction is normal to this plane
o A straight edge or a datum axis, in which case the pull direction is parallel to this
edge or axis
o An axis of the coordinate system, in which case the pull direction is parallel to this
axis. Select the particular axis of a coordinate system, rather than the coordinate
system name.
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For Split draft with independently drafted sides (both Constant and Variable), each line
contains two boxes, Angle 1 and Angle 2, instead of the Angle box.
Adjust angles to keep tangencyForces the resultant draft surfaces to be tangent. Not
available for Variable draft. Variable draft always keeps surfaces tangent.
If you right-click on the Angles slide-up panel, the shortcut menu contains the following
commands:
Add AngleAdds another angle control at a default location and with a most recently
used draft angle value. You can modify both the angle value and location.
Delete AngleDeletes the selected angle control. Available only if more than one angle
control is specified.
Flip AngleFlips the direction of the draft at the selected angle control location. For a
Split draft with independently drafted sides, you must right-click in an individual angle
cell for this option to be available.
Make ConstantDeletes all the angle controls except the first one. This option is
available for Variable draft only.
The Options slide-up panel contains the following elements:
Exclude loopsLets you select the contours to be excluded from draft surfaces.
Available only when the selected surface contains more than one loop.
Draft tangent surfacesIf selected, Pro/ENGINEER automatically extends the draft to
include surfaces tangent to the selected draft surfaces. This check box is selected by
default. Clear it if the resulting geometry is invalid.
Extend intersect surfacesIf selected, Pro/ENGINEER tries to extend the draft to meet
the adjacent surface of the model. If the draft cannot extend to the adjacent model
surface, then the model surface extends into the draft surface. If neither of these cases are
possible, or if you did not select the check box, Pro/ENGINEER creates a draft surface
that overhangs the edge of the model.
Shortcut Menus
Right-click anywhere in the graphics window to access the Draft shortcut menu, that contains the
following commands:
Solid SurfacesAllows you to select all the solid surfaces of the model. This command
is available only when the model has solid surfaces and one of the solid surfaces is
already selected.
Draft SurfacesActivates the draft surfaces collector and lets you select surfaces to be
drafted. You can draft only those surfaces that are formed by tabulated cylinders or
planes. You can select any number of individual surfaces or continuous chains of
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surfaces. The type of the first selected surface, solid or quilt, determines the type of other
surfaces that can be selected as draft surfaces for this feature.
Draft HingesActivates the draft hinges collector. You can select up to two planes or
curve chains. To select a second hinge, you must first split the draft surfaces by a split
object.
Pull DirectionActivates the pull direction collector. This direction is used to measure
the draft angle. You can select a plane, a straight edge or a datum axis, or an axis of the
coordinate system.
Split by draft hingeIf you select this check box, Pro/ENGINEER automatically uses
the draft hinge as the split object.
Make ConstantThis option is available for Variable draft only. It makes the draft
Constant.
If you right-click the round handle connected to a draft angle, the shortcut menu contains the
Add Angle and Delete Angle commands. If you right-click the square handle connected to a
draft angle, the shortcut menu contains the Flip Angle command. These commands are the same
as when you right-click on the Angles slide-up panel. Another way to add a draft angle is to hold
down the CTRL key, click the round handle connected to a draft angle and drag it along the edge
to the desired location.
If you right-click a pull direction arrow in the graphics window, the shortcut menu contains the
Flip command.
Blend
A blended feature consists of a series of at least two planar sections that Pro/ENGINEER joins
together at their edges with transitional surfaces to form a continuous feature.
Blend Types
ParallelAll blend sections lie on parallel planes in one section sketch.
RotationalBlend sections are rotated about the Y-axis, up to a maximum of 120
degrees. Each section is sketched individually and aligned using the coordinate system of
the section.
GeneralSections of a general blend can be rotated about and translated along the X-,
Y-, and Z-axes. Each section is sketched individually, and aligned using the coordinate
system of the section.
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Rib features are subject to normal feature operations, including patterning, modifying, rerouting,
and redefining.
Note: You must place Rib features while designing in Part mode. You can not create ribs as an
Assembly feature.
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Editing Commands:
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Note: You cannot select a coordinate system or two datum points or vertices as direction
references. Instead, you can directly select an axis of the datum coordinate system as the
direction reference or create an asynchronous datum axis that passes through these two datum
points or vertices.
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Note:
Pro/ENGINEER does not transfer the line style attributes of a datum curve to its patterns.
A thin feature "remembers" the surface to which it is attached and patterns to this surface.
Pattern Types
There are several ways to pattern a feature:
DimensionControl the pattern by using driving dimensions and specifying the
incremental changes to the pattern. Dimensional patterns can be unidirectional and
bidirectional.
DirectionCreate a free-form pattern by specifying direction and using drag handles to
set the orientation and increment of pattern growth. Direction patterns can be
unidirectional and bidirectional.
AxisCreate a free-form radial pattern by using drag handles to set the angular and
radial increments of the pattern. The pattern can also be dragged into a spiral.
TableControl the pattern by using a pattern table and specifying the dimension values
for every pattern instance.
ReferenceControl the pattern by referencing another pattern.
FillControl the pattern by filling an area with instances according to a selected grid.
CurveControl the pattern by specifying either the distance between the pattern
members or by specifying the number of pattern members along the curve.
Pattern creation methods are different, depending on the pattern type.
To access the Pattern functionality, select the feature or feature pattern that you want to pattern
and click on the Edit Features toolbar or click Edit > Pattern, or right-click the feature name
or feature pattern name on the Model Tree and click Pattern on the shortcut menu.
Mirror User Interface
The Mirror user interface consists of the following:
Feature icon
Dialog bar
Slide-up panels
Shortcut menu
Feature Icon
All Mirrored features are represented in the Model Tree by . Additionally, the Mirror tool is
represented by in the Edit Features toolbar.
Dialog Bar
The Mirror dialog bar consists of the Mirror plane collector. You can click the collector to select
or replace the mirror plane reference at any time.
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Slide-up Panels
The slide-up panels available on the Mirror dashboard vary depending on the type of object
selected and the method in which it was selected.
If you are mirroring a feature or a group of features the dashboard contains the following:
ReferencesUse this panel to change the Mirror plane reference.
OptionsUse this panel to make the mirror feature's dimensions independent of the
original item by clearing the checkmark from the Copy as dependent option.
PropertiesIn the Properties slide-up panel, you can:
o View information about the Mirror feature in the Pro/ENGINEER browser.
o Rename the feature.
If you are mirroring geometry the dashboard contains the following:
ReferencesIn the References slide-up panel, you can:
o Change the Mirror items reference.
o Change the Mirror plane reference.
OptionsUse this panel to select Hide original geometry. If it is selected, upon
completion of the mirror feature, the system shows only the new mirrored geometry and
hides the original geometry.
PropertiesIn the Properties slide-up panel, you can:
o View information about the Mirror feature in the Pro/ENGINEER browser.
o Rename the feature.
If you are mirroring all the geometry in the part, the dashboard contains the following:
ReferencesIn the References slide-up panel, you can:
o Change the Mirror items reference.
o Change the Mirror plane reference.
PropertiesIn the Properties slide-up panel, you can:
o View information about the Mirror feature in the Pro/ENGINEER browser.
o Rename the feature.
Note: The Options slide-up panel is not available for this operation.
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o ContinueContinues the round geometry between two round pieces. The tangent
round geometry does not stop at sharp edges.
o IntersectExtends two or more overlapping round pieces towards each other
until they merge forming a sharp boundary. This command is available only if the
active round set contains two or more overlapping round pieces.
o Corner SphereRounds the corner transition formed by three overlapping round
pieces with a spherical corner.
o PatchCreates a patched surface at the location where three or four round pieces
overlap.
o Round Only 1Creates a transition using compounded round geometry.
o Round Only 2Creates a transition using compounded round geometry
Capped check boxCreates end surfaces to cap the gaps between the active transition
and part geometry. This check box is available only if you select all of the following: a
transition type (other than Default), valid geometry, and the Surface or New quilt
attachment types from the Options slide-up panel. By default this check box is not
selected. You can also use Capped from the shortcut menu.
Note:
o Side surfaces must exist in order to extend and use them as capping surfaces. If
not, the round pieces cannot be capped and the Capped check box is ignored.
o This check box caps the gaps only of the active transition while the Create end
surfaces check box located on the Options slide-up panel caps all round piece
ends for the entire round feature. The check box on the dialog bar overrides the
check box on the slide-up panel enabling you to cap the gaps of the active
transition even if you decide not to cap all of the round piece ends for the round
feature.
o You cannot cap rounds between a solid surface and a quilt surface.
o Corner Sphere Transition Options
R boxControls the sphere radius for the active Corner Sphere transition. You can type a
new radius value or select a most recently used value from the list.
L1, L2, L3 boxesControls the length for the active Corner Sphere transition. You can
type a new value or select a most recently used value from the list. These value boxes are
available only if you select the Corner Sphere transition type.
Patch Transition Options
Optional surface collectorIndicates that a valid surface reference has been selected to
place a fillet for the active Patch transition. To activate this collector, you can either click
in it, use the Patch Optional Surface shortcut menu command, or click in the Optional
surface collector in the Transitions slide-up panel.
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Radius boxControls the fillet radius for the active Patch transition. You can type a new
value or select a most recently used value from the list. This box is available after the
Optional surface collector contains a surface reference.
Stop Transition Options
Stop reference collectorIndicates that valid stop references have been selected for the
active Stop at Reference transition. To activate this collector, you can either click in it,
use the Stop References shortcut menu command, or click in the Stop references
collector in the Transitions slide-up panel. Note that you must select the Stop at
Reference transition type to display this option.
Stop reference boxContains the following options enabling you to stop the active
round piece.
Note: To display the Stop reference box, you must select the Stop at reference transition type
either a vertex or a datum point located on the spine of the active round set as the valid stop
reference.
o PointStops the round set at a plane that passes through the selected stop
reference and is oriented normal to an edge with the stop reference.
o IsolinesStops the round set at a plane that passes through the stop reference and
normal to the round surface.
Slide-up Panels
The Round dashboard contains the following slide-up panels:
Sets Slide-up Panel
You must activate Set mode to use this panel. The Sets slide-up panel contains the following
options:
Sets listContains all round sets for the current round feature enabling you to add,
remove, or select a round set for modification. Pro/ENGINEER highlights the active
round set. The Sets list contains the following:
o SetIndicates a round set.
o New SetAdds a new round set and makes it active. You can also use the Add Set
shortcut menu command from the graphics window.
Cross-section shape boxControls the cross-sectional shape for the active round set.
The box contains the following shapes:
o CircularCreates a round set with a circular cross-sectional shape.
Pro/ENGINEER selects this by default.
o ConicCreates a round set with a conic cross-sectional shape and dependent
dimensions (x- and y-axes). You can use this option for Constant and Variable
round sets.
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following options. Note that two Distance boxes are appear for D1 x D2 Conic rounds.
The second box replaces the Location box.
o ValueSets the distance for the current radius by using a numerical value. The
distance value displays in the Radius table.
o ReferenceSets the distance for the current radius by using a reference. This
option activates a collector in the Radius table that contains the reference
information.
Location boxControls the placement location of the current radius (displayed in the
Radius table) for the active round set. This box is located under the Radius table (right)
and contains the following options. The Location box is available only for Conic rounds
with more than one radius and for Variable rounds.
Note: The active round set must contain more than the default radii (which are automatically
placed at the round piece ends and do not contain anchors) for the box to appear.
o RatioSets the location of the current radius by using a numerical value. The
location ratio displays in the Radius table (Location column).
o ReferenceSets the location of the current radius by using a reference. This
option activates a collector in the Radius table (Location column) that contains the
reference information.
Transitions Slide-up Panel
You must activate the Transition mode to use this panel. The Transitions slide-up panel contains
the following options:
Transitions listContains all user-defined transitions for the entire round feature
enabling you to modify a transition. Pro/ENGINEER does not list default transitions. You
can view the default transition type for the active transition from the Transition Type box
on the dialog bar or from the shortcut menu. To activate the Transitions list, you can
either click in it or use the Transition Selection shortcut menu command.
Stop references collectorContain the references for the active Stop at Reference
transition. This collector is available only if you assign the Stop at Reference transition
type to the active Stop transition. You can click in this collector to activate it or use the
Stop References shortcut menu command.
Optional surface collectorContain the references to place a fillet for the active Patch
transition. This collector is available only if you assign the Patch transition type to the
active transition. This collector corresponds to the Optional surface collector in the
dialog bar. You can click in either collector to activate them or use the Patch Optional
Surface shortcut menu command.
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New quiltCreates the round feature as a new quilt. This attachment type is available
only for surface round set references. Pro/ENGINEER selects this by default if you select
different surface quilts or both a solid and a quilt as round set references.
Same quiltCreates the round feature as a surface that merges with the reference quilt.
This attachment type is available only for surface round set references. Pro/ENGINEER
selects this by default if you select round set references from the same surface quilt.
Create end surfacesCreates end surfaces to cap all of the round piece ends of the
round feature. This check box is available only if you select valid geometry and the
Surface or New quilt attachment types. Pro/ENGINEER does not select this by default.
Note:
o Side surfaces must exist in order to extend and use them as capping surfaces. If not,
the round piece ends cannot be capped.
o This check box is different from the Capped check box on the dialog bar and the
Capped shortcut menu command. The latter two enable you to create end surfaces
to cap the gaps between the active transition and part geometry.
Properties Slide-up Panel
The Properties slide-up panel contains the following options:
Name boxDisplays the current round feature name enabling you to rename it.
Provides detailed round feature information in the Pro/ENGINEER browser.
Shortcut Menus
You can use the following shortcut (right-click) menu commands to quickly perform an action:
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snapping to a reference. This command is available only when the highlighted radius in
the table is driven by a reference.
Location ReferenceActivates the Location collector (located in the Sets slide-up panel
Radius table) enabling you to relocate the current round radius by snapping to a
reference. This command is available only when the highlighted radius location in the
table is driven by a reference
Driving SurfaceActivates the Driving surface collector (located in the Sets slide-up
panel) enabling you to use the selected surface to drive the location and size of a Full
round. This command is available when the Driving surface collector is present.
ClearClears the selected reference from the active collector.
Set Mode: Mode Command
Show TransitionsSwitches to Transition mode.
Set Mode: Round Set Commands
Make ConstantResets the active round to be driven by a single radius.
Make VariableAdds a new radius to the active round set. If you are creating a surface-
to-surface round, the Spine collector (located in the Sets slide-up panel) activates.
Through CurveAllows the radius of the active round to be driven by the selected
curve to create a round driven by a curve. The Driving curve collector (located in the
Sets slide-up) activates. A check mark appears next to this shortcut menu command
indicating that this round type has been selected.
Notice that you can click this command again to restore the round to its previous state.
The Through Curve command is available only if you select valid round references and
both the Circular cross-sectional shape and the Rolling Ball creation method in the Sets
slide-up panel (default settings). This command is not available if you select the Full
Round command. The Through Curve command corresponds to the Through Curve
button (located in the Sets slide-up panel).
Full RoundConverts the active round set to a Full round or allows a third surface to
drive a surface-to-surface Full round. The Driving surface collector (located in the Sets
slide-up panel) activates if it is required, such as with a surface-to-surface Full round. A
check mark appears next to this shortcut menu command indicating that this round type
has been selected.
Notice that you can click this command again to restore the round to its previous state.
The Full Round command is available only if you select valid Full round references and
both the Circular cross-sectional shape and the Rolling Ball creation method in the Sets
slide-up panel. This command is not available if you select the Through Curve
command. The Full Round command corresponds to the Full Round button (located in
the Sets slide-up panel).
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Two edge references are selected for the All transitions for the entire edge
chamfer set. Pro/ENGINEER displays chamfer feature are displayed.
preview geometry of the two chamfer Pro/ENGINEER displays the two
pieces and the distance value. chamfer pieces for context.
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