LEAPFROG GEO

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Contents
New features .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Structural surface .................................................................................................................................... 4
Form interpolants..................................................................................................................................... 4
Stereonets ............................................................................................................................................... 5
New Polyline ............................................................................................................................................ 5
Decluster structural data.......................................................................................................................... 6
Link surfaces ........................................................................................................................................... 7
Lineations ................................................................................................................................................ 7
Category selection for structural data ...................................................................................................... 8
Evaluations on structural data ................................................................................................................. 8
Set elevation on structural data ............................................................................................................... 9
Dip-colouring for meshes......................................................................................................................... 9
Block model index filter.......................................................................................................................... 10
New drillhole evaluations ....................................................................................................................... 10
Sort tables by Ignored flag ................................................................................................................... 11
Show mesh border ................................................................................................................................ 11
Copy polyline ......................................................................................................................................... 12
More inputs for structural trends ............................................................................................................ 12
New volume generation options ............................................................................................................ 12
Moving plane handles............................................................................................................................ 13
Curved fence sections ........................................................................................................................... 13
Textured OBJ meshes ........................................................................................................................... 14
Drillhole correlation improvements ........................................................................................................ 14
Upgrade notes ......................................................................................................................................... 15
Project upgrades ................................................................................................................................... 15
Survey table error changes ................................................................................................................... 15
Polyline upgrades .................................................................................................................................. 15
Case sensitivity...................................................................................................................................... 15
32-bit architecture .................................................................................................................................. 15
System requirements.............................................................................................................................. 16
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Please note: Leapfrog Geo 4.0 and onwards does not support the proprietary Vulcan 00t file format
unless you have purchased the Maptek Link.
Please be aware that once you upgrade your projects to Leapfrog Geo 4.0, they cannot be opened in
earlier versions of Leapfrog.
Please contact your local Leapfrog team to purchase the Maptek Link or find out more.
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New features
Structural surface
The Structural surface is a new method for building geologic contact surfaces within a geological
model. As well as standard surface input data, structural surfaces can use non-contacting structural data to
influence and guide the overall geometry. Bedding data from pit face-mapping, downhole measurements
and surface mapping can be combined together with drilling lithology contact data and surface contact
mapping.

To learn more, see the Structural surface Help topic.

Form interpolants
Structural form interpolants combine bedding or foliation orientation data from pit face-mapping, downhole
measurements and surface mapping to interpolate and visualise the form of the rock fabric of a region.
Form interpolants may be visualised as isosurfaces or evaluated onto surfaces, points and block models.
Isosurfaces of form interpolants may be dynamically applied to structural trends to control the anisotropy of
grade models.

To learn more, see the Form interpolant Help topic.

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Stereonets
Leapfrog Geo 4.0s interactive Stereonet tool provides the capability to interpret complex structural data
sets through stereographic projection. Save stereonets as part of a Leapfrog Geo project for quick recall,
supporting any combination of mapped, downhole or declustered structural data.

Several built-in visualisation options such as contouring and statistics provide the means to discover hidden
trends, relationships and geological structures. An interactive selection and categorisation workflow makes
it easy to classify distinct populations of measurements. The selected regions and colourings are
simultaneously linked with the 3D scene for a wider perspective. Stereonet plots can be exported in PDF
format.

To learn more, see the Stereonet Help topic.

New polyline
This powerful new drawing tool supersedes the previous straight-segment and 2D curved line types. The
Leapfrog Geo 4.0 polyline is a unified editing and interpretation tool, supporting full 3D drawing modes for
curved and straight lines, as well as single points. The tool has options to control the pitch of surfaces by
adjusting a lines ribbon orientation, or adding points with normals. Simple 2D lines can be drawn on the
slice plane, and 3D curves can be drawn on any in-scene objects, such as topographic surfaces and
drillhole contacts.
The new drawing tool is available anywhere linework is able to be drawn in a project. Also new to this
version are refreshed custom line editors for GIS lines, vein boundaries and direct surface edits. New
import and export formats mean the new polyline is compatible with Leapfrog Mining as well as supporting
smooth drag-and-drop transfer into Leapfrog projects.
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To learn more, see the polylines Help topic.

Decluster structural data

Leapfrog Geo 4.0 easily handles large, complex structural datasets with the help of a powerful declustering
tool. Any planar structural dataset may be thinned to manageable sizes using the new declustering tool,
which retains representative samples across the dataset based on range and angle tolerance parameters.

To learn more, see the decluster structural data Help topic.

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Link surfaces
Any existing surface can now be used as an input to another model within the same project. Complex
geology often requires complex modelling solutions, making it necessary to build a key surface in one
model, then include it in another. Take a dike-swarm for example; when it post-dates a fault, dynamically
linking surfaces means an unfaulted model can be created for the complex dykes then combined with the
faulted geology to produce a cohesive model that honours the geological history.

Lineations
Measured linear structural features can now be imported and visualised. View, select, and categorise
lineations in both the stereonet plot and the 3D scene. Use these to guide your interpretations with a better
understanding of the regional deformation.

To learn more, see the lineations Help topic.

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Category selection for structural data
The familiar brush-selection tool is now available for both planar and linear structural data. This facilitates a
simple and powerful workflow of quickly categorising data to aid interpretation or guide downstream
modelling. The category selection tool can be used to quickly ignore a large selection of measurements,
especially when combined with the ability to evaluate models on structural data.

To learn more, see the category selection Help topic.

Evaluations on structural data

Geological models or grade interpolants can be evaluated on planar and linear structural data, allowing
them to be visually filtered by volumes of geological models. Interpolant evaluations enable a workflow to
identify the orientations that are associated with high grade mineralisation.

To learn more, see the elevations on structural data Help topic.

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Set elevation on structural data
Structural data can be projected vertically onto any surface, such as your topography. Sometimes when
surface mapping structural data, the elevation measurements are inaccurate or inconsistent, but now this
workflow provides a way to repair it.

Dip-colouring for meshes

All surfaces and meshes can be coloured by the dip-angle of the triangle faces. This allows you to easily
identify steeply dipping areas or flat spots.
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Block model index filter
New index filters create a rapid way of visualising 3D slices and sub-units in block models. Index filters
support modes and are available for blocked, sub-blocked and geophysical models.

New drillhole evaluations

When evaluating (backflagging) geological models onto drillholes, you can choose to evaluate the faulted
output volumes or fault blocks. This allows additional numeric compositing workflows where you can
composite within each separate domain in a geological model.

To learn more, see the backflagging data Help topic.

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Sort tables by Ignored flag
Tables in Leapfrog Geo (points, drilling, structural etc.) may be re-ordered by rows that have been
ignored. This enables a quick way to find all ignored rows and make batch changes.

Show mesh border

You can now show the border for all imported or extracted meshes which are not closed volumes. This
helps to diagnose problematic meshes by identifying any areas where the mesh is open.
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Copy polyline
Individual polylines can be copied within the project. Being able to easily copy polylines provides a rapid
workflow for testing multiple interpretations.

More inputs for structural trends

Structural trends can be derived directly from planar structural data. You can also apply any mesh in the
project, allowing you to dynamically link your mineralisation structural trend to your fault and contact
surfaces.

New volume generation options

New volume generation modes for geological models provide the flexibility to control the way the implicit
modeller creates volumes from contact surfaces and faults. The three modes for volume generation make
it possible to balance triangle alignment with processing performance.

To learn more, see the volume generation Help topic.

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Moving plane handles
The moving plane tool can be moved either in the direction of the axes or relative to the current camera
view.

Curved fence sections

Fence sections now support curves generated by the new polyline tool. This can be useful for generating
sections that follow a decline tunnel as it curves underground, for example.
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Textured OBJ meshes
Wavefront OBJ format is an open geometry format widely supported by 3D graphics applications. Leapfrog
Geo 4.0 supports importing OBJ meshes with textures, which broadens Leapfrogs ability to import mine
scan meshes like pit faces, stopes and tunnels.

Drillhole correlation improvements

Numeric columns from both points and intervals can be displayed as bars, lines or points in the 2D drillhole
correlation tool. This allows for consistent numeric display standards regardless of the data type.

To learn more, see the correlation Help topic.

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Upgrade notes
Project upgrades
Leapfrog Geo 4.0 supports direct project upgrades from any version of Leapfrog Geo 2.0 and onwards.
Projects built in earlier versions of the software must be opened using Leapfrog Geo 2.0 prior to being opened
in 4.0. Backdated versions of the software are available.

Survey table error changes

The method used to detect duplicate drillholes and wedges has changed in Leapfrog Geo 4.0. The permitted
angular tolerance between closely aligned drillholes has increased. As a result, some drillholes that were
flagged as having errors in Leapfrog Geo 3.1 may no longer show as such in 4.0.

Polyline upgrades
When a project built in a previous version of Leapfrog Geo is opened in 4.0, all pre-existing polylines are
upgraded to the new Leapfrog Geo 4.0 polyline. No objects in the project will re-process as a result of this
transition to the new polyline. However, new objects built from these polylines may be slightly
different. Furthermore, if the polyline is edited, the resulting surfaces could differ from their previous state.
This upgrade affects any surfaces and meshes with polylines and editable GIS lines as inputs, as well as
vein boundaries, interpolants with contour polylines and 2D FEFLOW grids (Hydrogeology module).

Case sensitivity
Leapfrog Geo 4.0 treats text-based categoric data, such as down-hole intervals, as case insensitive. This is
to ensure the software is fully compatible with extended and international character sets. Geo 4.0 is more
consistent than earlier versions, and users may be asked to fix any inconsistencies in older projects before
they are upgraded.

32-bit architecture
32-bit architectures are no longer supported in Leapfrog Geo 4.0. The system demands of the software are
no longer suited to restricted 32bit environments.
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System requirements
Supported Recommended

Operating System 1,2 Windows 7 (64bit) Windows 7 (64bit)

Windows 8 (64bit)
Windows 8.1 (64bit) Windows 8.1 (64bit)
Windows 10 (64bit) Windows 10 (64bit)
System Memory 4 GB (Minimum) 32GB RAM
Free hard disk space Legacy spinning hard disk Solid state disk drive
128 GB 1 TB Capacity
Display resolution 1280 x 720 (Minimum) 2560 x 1440 or better
Single display unit Multiple display setup
Graphics 8 Nvidia (Desktop hardware)
TM

GeForce 500 series 3 GeForce GTX 550Ti 7

GeForce 600 series 3 GeForce GTX 650Ti 7

GeForce 700 series 3 GeForce GTX 750 7

Quadro 600 to Quadro 7000 3 Quadro 5000 7

Quadro K series 3 Quadro K2000 7

Nvidia (Mobile hardware)

TM

GeForce 500M series 3 GeForce GTX 560M 7

GeForce 600M series 3 GeForce GT 650M 7

GeForce 700M series 3 GeForce GT 735M 7

GeForce 800M series 3 GeForce 840M 7

Quadro M series 3 Quadro 4000M 7

Quadro K500M to K5000M 3 Quadro K3000M 7

Quadro K510M to K5100M 3 Quadro K2100M 7

AMD / ATI (Desktop hardware)

TM TM

Radeon HD 6000 series 3 Radeon HD 6570 7

Radeon HD 7000 series 3 Radeon HD 7730 7

Radeon HD 8000 series 3 Radeon HD 8670 7

Radeon R5 series 3

Radeon R7 series 3 Radeon R7 250 7

Radeon R9 series 3 Radeon R9 270 7

Firepro V series 3 Firepro V3900 7

Firepro W series 3 Firepro W5000 7

AMD / ATI (Mobile hardware)

TM TM

Radeon HD 6000 series 3 Radeon HD 6730M 7

Radeon HD 7000 series 3 Radeon HD 7690M 7

Radeon HD 8000 series 3 Radeon HD 8770M 7

FirePro M2000 3

FirePro M4000 3 FirePro M4000 7

FirePro M6000 3 FirePro M6000 7

FirePro M4100 3

FirePro M5100 3 FirePro M5100 7

FirePro M6100 3 FirePro M6100 7

FirePro M8900 3 FirePro M8900 7

Intel Integrated Graphics

TM

Intel HD Graphics 2000 4

Intel HD Graphics 3000 4

Intel HD Graphics 2500 5

Intel HD Graphics 4000 5

Intel HD Graphics 4200 6

Intel HD Graphics 4400 6

Intel HD Graphics 4600 6

Intel HD Graphics 5000 6

Intel HD Graphics 5100 6

Intel HD Graphics 5200 6

Notes:
1 Running Leapfrog in virtualised environment is not supported
2
Running Leapfrog via a remote desktop connection or other remote login system is not supported
3 Hardware configuration must include 512MB Video RAM or greater
4 Must be 2nd generation Intel Core i3, i5 or i7 CPU with 512MB Video RAM or greater
TM

5 Must be 3rd generation Intel Core i3, i5 or i7 CPU with 512MB Video RAM or greater
TM

6 Must be 4th generation Intel Core i3, i5 or i7 CPU with 512MB Video RAM or greater
TM

7 Models with peak processing power greater than 600GFLOPS are recommended
8 Touch-screen hardware is not supported