COMPARISON BEHAVIOR OF BASE ISOLATION AND ORDINARY BUILDING

1.1 Objective Report

The objective of this report is to compare the behavior of ordinary buildings and building using base
isolation system, which are displacement, acceleration, story drift, drift angle, shear force and shear
coefficient of the building.

1.2 Model of Building

Model of the building is represented by Figure 1.2.1 and 1.2.2. where building model is three-
dimensional. Illustration of base isolation in building on Figure 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 which are modeled as a
truss element. Figure 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 also explain that the building consists of five spans and five bays,
where the total length of the span is 3600 cm, total length of the bays is 3680 cm, and the number of level
of the building is 12 levels.

Fig. 1.2.1 Plan of Building Model

1
 Fig. 1.2.2 Frame Model in the X and Y direction [mm]

1.3. Boundary Condition

The support of columns at the base of the building is roller condition which means that there is no
displacement in the Y, Z direction and no rotation along X, Y, and Z directions. All of other nodes are
free-condition. Support condition of truss element is fixed condition which means that no displacement in
the X and Y and Z direction and no rotation in the X,Y and Z direction.

1.4 Configuration of Cross Section of Structure

The configuration of cross section of structure which is obtained from design calculation. Table 1.4.1
shows configuration of cross-section of the structure.

Table 1.4.1 Configuration of Cross Section Of Structure

Fy Fu E
No. Type of Structure [mm] Location
[N/mm2] [N/mm2] [N/mm2]
1 HSS 635 x 635 x 25.4 345 410 200000 Column level 1st until level 3rd
2 HSS 558.8 x 558.8 x 22.23 345 410 200000 Column level 4th until level 9th
3 HSS 508 x 508 x 22.23 345 410 200000 Column level 10th until level 12th
4 WF 800 x 300 x 14 x 22 250 410 200000 Beam level 1st until level 6th
5 WF 700 x 300 x 13 x 20 250 410 200000 Beam level 7th until level 9th
6 WF 600 x 300 x 12 x 17 250 410 200000 Beam level 10th until level 11th
7 WF 450 x 300 x 11 x 18 250 410 200000 Beam level 12th

2
1.5 Input of Gravity Load
The input of gravity of load is combination of 1 D + 1 L, where D is dead load and L is life load. It can
be shown by Table 1.5.1

Table 1.5.1 Distributed load of Input of Gravity Load (1D+1L)

Combination Distributed Load
Location 2
Load 1D [kN/m ] 1L [kN/m2] 1D + 1L [kN/m2]
Level 1st until level 6th 6.02 2.53 8.55
1D+1L Level 7th until level 11th 5.99 2.53 8.52
Level 12th 4.62 1.03 5.65

The gravity load is calculated by multiplying the section area of node and distributed of load, where the
section area of node is divided into eight type. The description can be indicated by Figure 1.5.1.

Fig. 1.5.1 The Section Area of Distributed Gravity Load And Seismic Weight of 1st Until 11th Stories

The weight of node of the first level until twelfth level can be seen in the Table 1.5.2 until 1.5.4.

3
 Table 1.5.2 The Weight of Node of 1stLevel Until 6th Level Subjected to The Gravity Loads (1D+1L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55 8.55
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
36.94 73.88 79.27 80.80 73.88 147.76 158.53 161.61
Load [kN]

Table 1.5.3 The Weight of Node of 7th Level Until 11th Level Subjected to The Gravity Loads (1D+1L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52 8.52
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
36.81 73.62 78.99 80.52 73.62 147.23 157.97 161.04
Load [kN]

Table 1.5.4 The Weight of Node of 12thLevel Subjected to The Gravity Loads (1D+1L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2
Section Area [m ] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
24.39 48.78 52.34 53.36 48.78 97.57 104.68 106.71
Load [kN]

1.6 Input of Seismic Weight

The seismic input of weight according to Indonesian code is 1D +0.25 L, where D is dead load and L is
life load. The seismic input of weight is calculated by multiplying the section area of node and distributed
load of seismic weight [1D +0.25L], where the distributed load of seismic weight is indicated by Table
1.6.1 and the section area of node is same with the input of gravity load (Figure 1.5.1) and Figure (1.6.2)

Table 1.6.1 Distributed Load of Input of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)

Distributed Load
Combination
Location 1D 0.25L 1D + 0.25 L
Load
[kN/m2] [kN/m2] [kN/m2]
Level Base Floor until level 6th 6.02 0.63 6.65
1 D + 0.25 L Level 7th until level 11th 5.99 0.63 6.62
Level 12th 4.62 0.26 4.88

4
 Fig. 1.6.2 The Section Area of Distributed of Seismic Weight Base Floor [W0]

The weight of the node for the base floor until twelfth level of seismic weight can be seen in the Table
1.6.2 until 1.6.5

Table 1.6.2 The Weight of Node of Base Floor of Input of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6
Section Area
12.96 25.92 27.36 25.92 51.84 54.72
[m2]
Distributed
6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65
Load [kN/m2]
Concentrated
86.184 172.368 181.944 172.368 344.736 363.888
Load [kN]

Table 1.6.3 The Weight of Node of 1st Level Until 6th Level of Input of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)

5
 Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
28.74 57.48 61.67 62.87 57.48 114.97 123.35 125.74
Load [kN]

Table 1.6.4 The Weight of Node of 7th Level Until 11th Level of Input Of Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2
Section Area [m ] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62 6.62
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
28.61 57.22 61.39 62.59 57.22 114.44 122.79 125.17
Load [kN]

Table 1.6.5 The Weight of Node of 12st of Input of seismic Weight (1D+0.25L)
Pattern 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Section Area [m2] 4.32 8.64 9.27 9.45 8.64 17.28 18.54 18.90
Distributed Load
4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88
[kN/m2]
Concentrated
21.06 42.11 45.18 46.06 42.11 84.22 90.36 92.12
Load [kN]

The resume calcualation of distribution of input seismic weight for base isolation building can be seen by

Table 1.6.6. Total seismic weight of this structure { WT } is 112025 kN.

Table 1.6.6 Resume Distribution of Input Seismic Weight (1D+0.25L) of Base Isolation Building
Level 1 D [kN] 0.25 L [kN] 1D+0.25L [kN] (1D+0.25L) [kN]
0 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 112025.00
1 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 103211.00
2 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 94397.00
3 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 85583.00
4 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 76769.00
5 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 67955.00
6 7976.00 838.00 8814.00 59141.00
7 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 50327.00
8 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 41553.00
9 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 32779.00
10 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 24005.00
11 7936.00 838.00 8774.00 15231.00
12 6116.00 341.00 6457.00 6457.00

6
1.7 Input Properties of Base Isolation System
The type of base isolation system in this study is high damping rubber bearing system (HDRB)
HT100X6R, where HDRB is a product of Bridgestone company (Japan), The Hysteresis of this product
MAX
illustrated on Figure 1.7.1, where Qd is charcteritic strength, Keq is equivalent stiffness and is
Q MAX
maximum displacement. The value of Qd, Keq and are obtained by equation 1.7.3 until 1.7.5.

Qd
Keq
Kd

Fig. 1.7.1 The Hysteresis Curve of Base Isolation Product

U=0.408 ( 0.9028+0.2711 0.2083 2 +0.03421 3 ) (1.7 .1)

Geq=0.62 ( 2.8553.878 +2.903 21.016 3 + 0.1364 4 ) (1.7 .2)

Qd=U Keq H (1.7 .3)

A
Keq=Geq (1.7 .4)
H

MAX =H max (1.7.5)

The shape of base isolation product could be seen by figure 1.7.2, where total height of rubber is 248 mm,
rubber diameter is 1000 mm and total cros section area is 748900 mm.

7
 Fig. 1.7.2 Base Isolation Product of Bridgestone company (HDRB) HT100X6R

The mechanical characteristic of base isolation product for the maximum horizontal displacement is
related to the maximum shear strain, the maximum displacement of this product is 669.9 mm with the
maximum of shear strain is 2.7. It can be seen by figure 1.7.3.

[Qy]

Fig. 1.7.3 Shear Strain Base Isolation Product of Bridgestone company (HDRB) HT100X6R

Where {U} is ratio characterictic strength to maximum shear force, {H} is total thickness of rubber,
{ } is shear strain and {A} is cross sectional area.

According to the figure 1.7.1, the hysteresis of base isolation product can be modeled by billinear model,
The values of elastic stiffness {K1}, plastic stiffnes {K2}, yield shear force {Qy} and yield displacement
{dy} are obtained by equation 1.7.6 until 1.7.9.

K 2=Keq ( 1U ) (1.7 .6)

K 1=10 K 2(1.7 .7)

K 1i
Qy= Qd (1.7 .8)
K 1iK 2i

Qd
dy= dy (1.7 .9)
K 1iK 2i

The relationship between yield shear force and yield displacement of base isolation product illustrated by
Figure 1.7.4

8
 Fig. 1.7.4 Relationship Between Yield Shear Force and Yield Displacement
max is assumed to be 2.7, the calculation of numerical parameters Geq, Keq, U, K1, K2 , and Qd are
as following by below these lists.
Geq( max )=0.62 ( 2.8553.878 2.7+ 2.903 2.721.016 2.73 +0.1364 2.7 4 ) =0.495 N /mm2

748900 N kN
Keq( max )=0.495 =1566 =15.66
248 mm cm

U ( max )=0.408 ( 0.9028+0.2711 2.70.2083 2.72 +0.03421 2.73 ) =0.322

kN
K 2( max )=15.66 ( 10.322 ) =10.6167
cm

kN
K 1 ( max )=10 10.6167=106.167
cm

Qd ( max ) =0.322 15.66 24.8 2.7=337.876 kN

10
Qy( max )= 337.876 kN =375.417 kN
9

337.876
y( max )= =3.533 cm
9 10.6167

Qmax = 1044 [kN]

MAX =24.8 2.7=66.96 cm

K2
Based on the result of calculation of properties base isolation, billinear hysteresis of base isolation
illustrated by Figure 1.7.5 K equivalent MAX = 66.96 [cm]
Qy = 375.14[kN]

K1 9
y = 3.533 [cm]
 Displacement [cm]

Figure 1.7.5 hysteresis of base isolation system (1 Unit)

According to the Figure 1.7.5, the properties of base isolation system can be showed by Table 1.7.1.

Table 1.7.1 Input Properties of Base Isolation System ( = 1.0 and = 2.7)

Symbol =1.0 =2.7

K1 [kN/cm] 116.227 106.167
K2 [kN/cm] 11.623 10.617
QY [kN] 220.656 375.417
Qmax [kN] 486.833 1044.000

1.8. Estimation of Maximum Deformation of HDRB (High Dumper Rubber Bearing)

The objective of estimation of maximum deformation is to obtain quantity of base isolation for optimum
design base isolation, the method estimation maximum deformation is derived by spectrum acceleration
{S A }
and spectrum displacement. It can be seen by below equations, where is spectrum acceleration,

{
S M 1 } is spectral acceleration parameter at 1 second period, {g} is acceleration of gravity, {T M } is

time periode at the maximum displacement,

{h 0 } is a damping of response spectra acceleration equal

5 %,
{h eq } is equivalent damping, {T eq } is equivalent time period, B M is numerical coeffcient
related to the effective damping of base isolation system at the maximum displacement.

g SM 1
S A ( T M , h0 ) = (1.8 .1)
TM

1
S D ( T M , h 0) =S A ( T M , h0 ) (1.8 .2)
2

10
 2
= (1.8 .3)
TM

g SM 1 T M2 T
S D ( T M , h 0) = 2
=g S M 1 M2 (1.8.4 )
TM 4 4

MAX =S D ( T M , heq ) (1.8 .5)

S D ( T M , h0 ) 1
= (1.8 .6)
S D ( T M , heq ) 1
BM

1
S D ( T M , heq )= S D ( T eq , h0 ) (1.8 .7)
M

T eq 1
MAX =g S M 1 2
( 1.8.8)
4 BM

T eq=2
WT
(g K eq )
( 1.8.9)

According to the Indonesian code the estimation maximum of displacement could be written in the Eq.
(1.8.10), where {T} is time period fundamental that is calculated by Eq. (1.8.11).
2
T /T eq

1+


' MAX = MAX

T =Number of stories 0.1(1.8 .11)

11
 2.5

1.5
Factor of BM
1

0.5

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Effective Damping Heq [% ]

The

relationship between
BM and
H eq could be seen by figure 1.8.1

Fig. 1.8.1 The relationship between

B M and H eq

The number of HDRB is the numerical parameter in this study. to finding the number of the optimum of
the HDRB system could be used iteration calculation of equation 1.8.1 until 1.8.11, where the value of the
quantity of HDRB for calculation optimum HDRB is assumed to be 25, 30, 35 and 40 unit. Table 1.8.1
shows iteration of calculation of 30 unit isolation system, the other of iteration could be seen in the
appendixes.

Table 1.8.1 Iteration of Calculation of 30 Unit Base Isolation

Number of Iteration
Symbol
1 2 3 4 5 6
MAX
1.000 2.109 2.566 2.600 2.593 2.594
2
Geq ( MAX ) [N /mm ]
0.620 0.469 0.475 0.479 0.478 0.478
Keq ( MAX ) [kN /cm]
19.630 14.841 15.033 15.155 15.128 15.134
Heq ( MAX )
0.240 0.212 0.198 0.197 0.197 0.197

12
 N [Unit ]
30 30 30 30 30 30
Teq ( MAX ) [sec ]
2.768 3.184 3.163 3.150 3.153 3.153
MAX [cm]
62.628 74.676 75.720 75.554 75.594 75.585
SM 1

[cm/sec 2 ]
1411.200 1411.200 1411.200 1411.200 1411.200 1411.200
BM
1.580 1.524 1.493 1.491 1.491 1.491
Fh
0.633 0.656 0.670 0.671 0.671 0.671
' MAX [cm]
52.308 63.639 64.472 64.295 64.337 64.327
0 MAX
2.109 2.566 2.600 2.593 2.594 2.594
0 MAX / MAX
2.109 1.217 1.013 0.997 1.000 1.000

The values of final iteration according to the all of iteration (25, 30, 35 and 40 unit base isolation) are
represented by the Table 1.8.2.

Table 1.8.2 The Values of Final Iteration (25, 30, 35 and 40 unit base isolation)
Keq Teq ' MAX
Number N Heq MAX
2
[kN/cm ] [sec] [cm]
1 25 16.29567 3.328268 0.192224 69.07264 2.785187
2 30 15.13417 3.152713 0.197003 64.3273 2.593843
3 35 14.69693 2.961945 0.202924 59.31507 2.391737
4 40 14.73971 2.766622 0.209269 54.38981 2.193138

Figure 1.8.2 shows relationship between number of base isolation and deformation.

Upper Limit of Maximum Deformation Base Isolation System

Fig. 1.8.2 The Relationship between Number of Base Isolation { N } and Deformation { ' MAX }

13
Figure 1.8.3 shows relationship between number of base isolation and equivalent time period.

fig. 1.8.3 The Relationship between Number of Base Isolation {

N } and Equivalent Time Period { Teq}

Figure 1.8.4 shows relationship between equivalent time period and deformation.

Upper Limit of Maximum Deformation Base Isolation System

Fig. 1.8.4 The Relationship between Equivalent Time Period { Teq} and Deformation ' MAX

According to the figure 1.8.2 until 1.8.4, the number of base isolation in this study will use 36 unit with
{ MAX }
the value of deformation estimation is 58.315 cm and the value of maximum shear strain is
2.35.

1.9 Input of Seismic Load

14
 1600.00
1400.00
1200.00
1000.00(SMS Condition)
Padang Spectrum El Centro NS El Centro EW Kobe NS

SA [cm/sec2] 800.00
600.00
400.00
Kobe EW 200.00
0.00
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
Time Period [sec]

The
input of seismic load in this study used the results of a simulated earthquake ground motion program, the
target spectrum is SMS curve of Padang city (1.5 times of spectral design at short period), where the
original data of ground motion input consists of four types of ground motion data which are El Centro
EW, El Centro NS, Kobe Ew, Kobe NS. The output of simulated earthquake ground motion and target
spectrum could be seen in Figure 1.9.1.

Fig. 1.9.1 The Output of Simulated Ground Motion and Target Spectrum

The time series response acceleration of simulated earthquake ground motion of El Centro EW are
indicated by Figure 1.9.2.

15
 Fig. 1.9.2 Time Series Response Acceleration of Simulated Ground Motion Elcentro-EW

The time series response acceleration of simulated earthquake ground motion of El Centro NS are
indicated by Figure 1.9.3.

Fig. 1.9.3 Time Series Response Acceleration of Simulated Ground Motion Elcentro-NS

The time series response acceleration of simulated earthquake ground motion of Kobe NS are indicated
by Figure 1.9.4

Fig. 1.9.4 Time Series Response Acceleration of Simulated Ground Motion Kobe-NS

The time series response acceleration of simulated earthquake ground motion of Kobe EW are indicated
by Figure 1.9.5

Fig. 1.9.5 Time Series Response Acceleration of Simulated Ground Motion Kobe-EW

According to the Figure 1.9.2 until 1.9.5, the maximum values of acceleration for padang city of
simulated earthquake ground motion El Centro EW, El Centro NS, Kobe EW, Kobe NS can be seen by
Table 1.9.1

16
 Table 1.9.1 The Values of Maximum Acceleration of Simulated Earthquake Ground Motion
Acceleration
No. Type of Ground Motion
[cm/sec2]
1. El Centro EW 553.44
2. El Centro NS 545.73
3. Kobe EW 729.86
4. Kobe NS 665.06

1.10 Method of Numerical Analysis

The method of numerical analysis uses Newmark- method for ordinary building and base isolation
building, where the numerical parameter of Newmark method equals 1/4, and the time interval of
numerical analysis is 0.002 second. Type of damping uses rayleigh damping calculation. The equation of
1 and 2
rayleigh damping can be calculated by equation 1.10.1 and 1.10.2 where are natural
frequencies of 1st and 2nd mode, h is damping, K is a stiffness matrix and M is a mass matrix.

[ C ] =a0 [ M ] +a1 [ K ] (1.10 .1)

2 h1 1 222 h1 2 12 2h 2 h2 2
a0 = 2 2
,a 1= 1 12 (1.10 .2)
2 1 1 22

h1, 1 , h2 2
The values of and of ordinary building are represented by Table 1.10.1 and the

values of
h1, 1 , h2 and 2 of base isolation building are also represented by Table 1.10.2.

17
 Ta
bl No. Notation Value e
1
h1 2 [%]

2
h2 2 [%]

3
1 4.017 [rad/sec]

4
2 11.111 [rad/sec]

1.10.1 The Value of

h1 , 1 , h2 , 2 of Ordinary Building

The values of damping factor take 2 % for ordinary building because the type of structure is steel
structure that has damping value equal 2 %.

Table 1.10.2 The Value of

h1 , 1 , h2 , 2 of Base Isolation Building

No. Notation Value

h1 The
1 2 [%]

2
h2 2 [%]

3
1 1.99 [rad/sec]

4
2 7.36 [rad/sec]
values of damping take 2 % for base isolation building because the dynamic calculation of structure use
billinear hysteresis therefore equivalent damping of base isolation is not necessary to consider.

The acceleration response spectrum for 2% and 5% damping of El Centro Ew, El Centro NS, Kobe EW
and Kobe NS can be seen by Figure 1.10.1 until 1.10.4.

18
 3000.00
2000.00
SA [cm/sec2] 1000.00
El Centro-EW [h=2%] El Centro-EW [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.10.1 Spectrum of Acceleration of El-Centro EW with 2%, 5% Damping

3000.00
2000.00
SA [cm/sec2] 1000.00
El Centro-NS [h=2%] El Centro-NS [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.10.2 Spectrum of Acceleration of El-Centro NS with 2%, 5% Damping

3000.00
2000.00
SA [cm/sec2] 1000.00
Kobe-NS [h=2%] Kobe-NS [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

19
 Fig. 1.10.3 Spectrum of Acceleration of Kobe NS with 2%, 5% Damping
3000.00
2000.00
SA [cm/sec2] 1000.00
Kobe-EW [h=2%] Kobe-EW [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.10.4 Spectrum of Acceleration of Kobe EW with 2%, 5% Damping

Illustrated in Figure 1.10.1 until 1.10.4 the spectrum acceleration of structure with 2% damping is bigger
than 5% damping.

The velocity of response spectrum for 2% and 5% damping of El Centro-Ew, El Centro-NS, Kobe EW
and Kobe NS can be seen by Figure 1.10.5 until 1.10.8.
600.00
400.00
SV [cm/sec] 200.00
El Centro-EW [h=2%] El Centro-EW [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.10.5 Spectrum of Velocity of El-Centro EW with 2%, 5% Damping

20
 600.00
400.00
SV [cm/sec] 200.00
El Centro-NS [h=2%] El Centro-NS [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.10.6 Spectrum of Velocity of El-Centro NS with 2%, 5% Damping

400.00

SV [cm/sec] 200.00
Kobe-NS [h=2%] Kobe-NS [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.10.7 Spectrum of Velocity of Kobe NS with 2%, 5% Damping

400.00

SV [cm/sec] 200.00
Kobe-EW [h=2%] Kobe-EW [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

21
 Fig. 1.10.8 Spectrum of Velocity of Kobe EW with 2%, 5% Damping

Illustrated in Figure 1.10.5 until 1.10.8 the spectrum velocity of structure with 2% damping is bigger than
5% damping.

The displacement response spectrum respsonse spectrum for 2% and 5% damping of El Centro Ew, El
Centro NS, Kobe EW and Kobe NS can be seen by Figure 1.10.9 until 1.10.12.
300.00
200.00
SD [cm] 100.00
El Centro-EW [h=2%] El Centro-EW [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.10.9 Spectrum of Displacement of El-Centro EW with 2%, 5% Damping

200.00

SD [cm] 100.00
El Centro-NS [h=2%] El Centro-NS [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

22
 Fig. 1.10.10 Spectrum of Displacement of El-Centro NS with 2%, 5% Damping
300.00
200.00
SD [cm] 100.00
Kobe-NS [h=2%] Kobe-NS [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.10.11 Spectrum of Displacement of Kobe NS with 2%, 5% Damping

300.00
200.00
SD [cm] 100.00
Kobe-EW [h=2%] Kobe-EW [h=5%]
0.00
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Time Period [sec]

Fig. 1.10.12 Spectrum of Displacement of Kobe EW with 2%, 5% Damping

Illustrated in Figure 1.10.9 until 1.10.12 the spectrum displacement of structure with 2% damping is
bigger than 5% damping.

1.11. Dynamic Eigen Value Analysis

The result of dynamic eigenvalue for nonlinear analysis of ordinary building can be seen in the Table
1.11.1 and also the result of dynamic eigenvalue of base isolation building can be seen in the Table

23
1.11.2. Where f is frequency, T is time period, h is damping, (X) is participation factor in the X direction,
(Y) is participation factor in the Y direction, (Z) is participation factor in the Z direction, (X) is
equivalent mass ratio in the X direction, (Y) is equivalent mass ratio in the Y direction and (Z) is
equivalent mass ratio in the Z direction.

Table 1.11.1 Result of Eigen Value of Ordinary Building

MODE f [Hz] T [sec] h (X) (Y) (Z) (X) (Y) (Z)
1.00 0.64 1.56 0.02 8.97 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.00 0.00
2.00 0.66 1.52 0.02 0.00 -8.98 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.00
3.00 1.77 0.57 0.02 3.48 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00
4.00 1.83 0.55 0.02 0.00 -3.47 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00
5.00 3.01 0.33 0.03 2.15 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00
6.00 3.11 0.32 0.03 0.00 -2.15 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00
7.00 4.35 0.23 0.04 -1.67 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00
8.00 4.48 0.22 0.04 0.00 1.66 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00
9.00 5.23 0.19 0.05 0.00 0.00 -7.78 0.00 0.00 0.58
10.00 5.62 0.18 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total 0.95 0.95 0.58

Table 1.11.2 Result of Eigen Value of Base Isolation Buiding

MODE f [Hz] T [sec] h (X) (Y) (Z) (X) (Y) (Z)
1 0.32 3.15 0.02 10.62 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00
2 0.66 1.52 0.02 0.00 8.98 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.00
3 1.17 0.85 0.02 -1.18 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00
4 1.83 0.55 0.03 0.00 -3.47 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00
5 2.25 0.44 0.03 -0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 3.11 0.32 0.04 0.00 -2.15 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00
7 3.45 0.29 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 4.48 0.22 0.06 0.00 1.66 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00
9 4.82 0.21 0.07 -0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10 5.23 0.19 0.07 0.00 0.00 -7.78 0.00 0.00 0.58
Total 1.00 0.95 0.58

The dynamic eigenvalue analysis for base isolation is assumed to be large ground motion occur in the
building, according to this assumption, the stiffness of base isolation building uses equivalent stiffness
{Keq}. The summation of equivalent mass ratio in the X direction of Table 1.11.1 eigen analysis is 0.95
and the summation of equivalent mass ratio in the X direction of Table 1.11.2 eigen analysis is 1.00
according to Indonesian code SNI 1726-2014 clause 7.9.1 the minimum summation equivalent mass ratio
is 0.90, its mean the result calculation of dynamic eigen value analysis is ok. Based on the participation
factor in the x direction of Table 1.10.1 and 1.10.2, the main of mode shape of ordinary building are mode
number [1], [3], [5] and [7] and mode shape of base isolation building are mode number [1] and [3].

1.12 Modal Analysis.

24
The values of the maximum acceleration and displacement in modal analysis can be calculated by below
i i S Ai
equations, where is participation factor, is mode shape, is spectrum of acceleration

and
S Di is spectrum of displacement.

i S Ai i
(1.12.1)

i S Di i
(1.12.2)

The parameter of modal analysis for ordinary building could be seen in the Table 1.12.1 and the
parameter modal analysis for base isolation building also could be seen in the Table 1.12.2

Table 1.12.1 Parameter of Modal Analysis for Ordinary Building

SA S D [cm] S A xi S D xi
T [sec] h
[cm/sec2] xi [cm/sec2] [cm]
1.56 0.020 1205.00 74.23 8.97 10810.06 665.92
0.57 0.020 1633.00 13.42 3.48 5677.94 46.66
0.33 0.028 1609.00 4.43 2.15 3460.96 9.52
0.23 0.038 1412.00 1.89 -1.67 -2355.22 -3.14

Table 1.12.2 Parameter of Modal Analysis For Base Isolation Building

SA S D [cm] S A xi S D xi
T [sec] h
[cm/sec2] xi [cm/sec2] [cm]
3.15 0.020 546.50 137.20 10.62 5803.83 1457.06
0.85 0.020 1918.00 35.07 -1.18 -2270.91 -41.52

The mains of mode shape of ordinary building and base isolation building could be seen in the Table
1.12.3.

Table 1.12.3 The Mains of Mode Shape for Ordinary Building and Base Isolation Building
Ordinary Building Base Isolation Building
Story st
MODE 1 MODE 3rd MODE 5 th
MODE 1st MODE 3rd
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.00
1 0.05 0.14 0.24 0.72 -0.73
2 0.14 0.35 0.56 0.75 -0.73
3 0.23 0.54 0.75 0.78 -0.69
4 0.34 0.70 0.72 0.82 -0.63
5 0.44 0.76 0.44 0.85 -0.51

25
 6 0.54 0.73 -0.01 0.88 -0.36
7 0.64 0.58 -0.48 0.90 -0.19
8 0.73 0.33 -0.80 0.93 0.02
9 0.82 0.02 -0.78 0.95 0.24
10 0.90 -0.38 -0.32 0.97 0.46
11 0.96 -0.74 0.39 0.99 0.68
12 1.00 -1.00 1.00 1.00 0.87

The result of calculation of modal acceleration is showed by Table 1.12.4.

Table 1.12.4 Calculation Result of Modal Acceleration
i S Ai i

Ordinary Building Base Isolation Building

Story MODE 1st MODE 3rd MODE 5th MODE 1st MODE 3rd
[cm/sec2] [cm/sec2] [cm/sec2] 2
[cm/sec ] [cm/sec2]
0 - - - 4043.06 0.00
1 571.10 776.23 826.41 4159.37 1660.92
2 1516.43 1971.55 1941.56 4343.30 1648.21
3 2517.01 3048.26 2601.40 4528.03 1571.90
4 3681.47 3952.76 2500.02 4731.86 1421.36
5 4796.96 4337.66 1509.57 4917.53 1158.94
6 5848.02 4145.18 -19.97 5084.97 823.09
7 6903.41 3302.23 -1667.63 5246.37 431.43
8 7932.63 1877.70 -2771.47 5398.90 -34.77
9 8822.84 108.22 -2703.87 5527.28 -547.93
10 9676.95 -2131.33 -1094.74 5647.24 -1037.92
11 10362.84 -4226.72 1350.05 5742.19 -1550.71
12 10810.06 -5677.94 3460.96 5803.83 -1983.85

The result of calculation of modal displacement is showed by Table 1.12.5.

Table 1.12.5 Calculation Result of Modal Displacement
i S Di i

Ordinary Building Base Isolation Building

MODE 1st MODE 3rd MODE 5th MODE 1st MODE 3rd
Story [cm] [cm] [cm] [cm] [cm]
0 - - - 1015.02 0.00
1 35.18 6.38 2.27 1044.22 30.37
2 93.41 16.20 5.34 1090.39 30.14
3 155.05 25.05 7.16 1136.77 28.74
4 226.78 32.48 6.88 1187.94 25.99
5 295.50 35.65 4.15 1234.56 21.19
6 360.25 34.07 -0.05 1276.59 15.05
7 425.26 27.14 -4.59 1317.11 7.89
8 488.66 15.43 -7.63 1355.40 -0.64
9 543.50 0.89 -7.44 1387.63 -10.02
10 596.12 -17.52 -3.01 1417.75 -18.98
11 638.37 -34.74 3.72 1441.59 -28.35
12 665.92 -46.66 9.52 1457.06 -36.27

26
Figure 1.12.1 and 1.12.2 show result of modal acceleration of ordinary building and base isolation
building.

12.00
11.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
Story 6.00
5.00
MODE 3rd MODE 1ST MODE 5th
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
-10000.00 -5000.00 0.00 5000.00 10000.00 15000.00

Acceleration [cm/sec2]

Fig. 1.12.1 Result of Modal Acceleration of Ordinary Building

27
 12.00
11.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
Story 6.00
5.00
MODE 1ST MODE 3rd
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
-3000.00 -1500.00 0.00 1500.00 3000.00 4500.00 6000.00

Acceleration [cm/sec2]

Fig. 1.12.2 Result of Modal Acceleration of Base Isolation Building

Figure 1.12.3 and 1.12.4 show result of modal displacement of ordinary building and base isolation
building.

28
 12.00
11.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00

Story 6.00
5.00
MODE 3rd MODE 1ST MODE 5th
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
-100.00 0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00

Displacement [cm]

Fig. 1.12.3 Result of Modal Displacement of Ordinary Building

29
 12.00
11.00
10.00
9.00
8.00
7.00
Story 6.00
5.00
MODE 1ST MODE 3rd
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
-200.00 0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 1000.00 1200.00 1400.00 1600.00

Displacement [cm]

Fig. 1.12.4 Result of Modal Displacement of Base Isolation Building

1.13. Distribution of The Maximum Response Displacement of Ordinary and Base Isolation
Building

30
 12
11
10
9
8
7
6
Story 5
4
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUIILDING
3
2
1
0
10.000 30.000 50.000 70.000 90.000 110.000
0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Max. Displacement [cm]

Figure
1.13.1 represent distribution of the maximum response displacement of ordinary and base isolation
building subjected to El Centro EW ground motion in the X direction

Fig. 1.13.1 Distribution the Maximum Response Displacement of Ordinary

and Base Isolation Building Subjected to El Centro EW

Figure 1.13.2 represent distribution of the maximum response displacement of ordinary and base isolation
building subjected to El Centro NS ground motion in the X direction

31
 12
11
10
9
8
7
6
Story
5
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUIILDING
4
3
2
1
0
0.000 10.000 20.000 30.000 40.000 50.000 60.000 70.000 80.000

Max. Displacement [cm]

Fig. 1.13.2 Distribution Maximum Response Displacement of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolation Building Subjected to El Centro NS

Figure 1.13.3 represent distribution of the maximum response displacement of ordinary and base isolation
building subjected to Kobe EW ground motion in the X direction

32
 12
11
10
9
8
7
6
Story
5
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUIILDING
4
3
2
1
0
0.000 10.000 20.000 30.000 40.000 50.000 60.000 70.000
Max. Displacement [cm]

Fig. 1.13.3 Distribution Maximum Response Displacement of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolation Building Subjected to Kobe EW

Figure 1.13.4 represent distribution of the maximum response displacement of ordinary and base isolation
building subjected to Kobe NS ground motion in the X direction

33
 12
11
10
9
8
7
6
Story 5
4
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUIILDING
3
2
1
0
10.000 30.000 50.000 70.000 90.000
0.000 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
Max. Displacement [cm]

Fig. 1.13.4 Distribution Maximum Response Displacement Of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolation Building Subjected to Kobe NS

Figure 1.13.1 until 1.13.4 show that the biggest displacement at top floor is base isolation building,
displacement of all figures of base isolation system for each floor is bigger than ordinary building.

The values maximum response displacement of the ordinary building and base isolation building of all
Figure 1.13.1 until 1.13.4 showed by Table 1.13.1.

Table 1.13.1 Maximum Response Displacement Nonlinear Ordinary And Base Isolation Building
El Centro NS [cm] El Centro EW [cm] Kobe NS [cm] Kobe EW [cm]
Level Ordinar Base Ordinar Base Base Base
Ordinary Ordinary
y Isolation y Isolation Isolation Isolation
0 - 51.200 - 64.960 - 63.470 0.000 38.090

34
 1 3.318 52.950 3.482 67.240 3.786 65.840 3.241 39.580
2 9.961 56.010 11.410 71.300 12.050 70.140 10.000 42.130
3 17.820 59.210 22.450 75.620 22.780 74.610 17.990 44.920
4 25.680 62.270 35.330 79.900 34.980 78.640 26.130 48.030
5 31.730 64.640 47.070 83.440 46.820 81.630 32.900 50.870
6 36.100 66.500 56.070 86.480 56.460 84.080 38.020 53.450
7 39.680 68.180 63.020 89.510 63.970 86.250 42.310 56.100
8 42.980 69.700 68.770 92.560 69.700 88.170 46.170 58.750
9 45.860 70.930 73.390 95.270 73.660 89.770 49.280 60.990
10 48.720 72.100 77.320 97.970 76.710 91.210 51.680 63.140
11 51.440 73.130 80.230 100.200 78.990 92.310 53.310 64.920
12 53.350 73.870 81.860 101.700 80.330 93.050 54.250 66.120

According to the Table 1.13.1 the value of response displacement at the top floor of nonlinear ordinary
building is smaller than response displacement of isolation building. The biggest of displacement of
ordinary building in the top story is El Centro EW and The biggest of displacement in the top story of
base isolation building is El Centro EW.

The deformation of base isolation system according to the figure 1.13.1 until 1.13.4 are shown by Table
1.13.2.

Table 1.13.2 Maximum Response Deformation of Base Isolation System

Condition El Centro NS El Centro EW Kobe NS Kobe EW
Deformation { } [cm]
51.200 64.960 63.470 38.090

Shear Strain { } 2.065 2.619 2.559 1.536

Max Shear Strain { Max } 2.700 2.700 2.700 2.700

According to the Table 1.13.2, the biggest of maximum response deformation of base isolation system is
2.619. It can be concluded the value of response deformation of base isolation system is smaller than
upper limit shear strain { Max }.

1.14. Maximum Response Acceleration of Ordinary Building and Base Isolation Building
Figure 1.14.1 until 1.14.4 represent maximum response acceleration of nonlinear ordinary and base
isolation building which are subjected to El Centro EW, El Centro NS, Kobe EW and Kobe NS ground
motion in the X direction.

35
 Story 12
10
8
6
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING
4
2
0

400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00 900.00 1000.00 1100.00

ABS. Acceleration [cm/sec2]

Fig. 1.14.1 Distribution Maximum Response Acceleration of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolation Building Subjected to El Centro EW
12
10
8

Story
6

NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING

4
2
0

400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00 900.00 1000.00

ABS. Acceleration [cm/sec2]

36
 Fig. 1.14.2 Distribution Maximum Response Acceleration of Ordinary Building
12
10
8
6

Story
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING
4
2
0

400.00 450.00 500.00 550.00 600.00 650.00 700.00 750.00 800.00 850.00
ABS. Acceleration [cm/sec2]

and Base
Isolation Building Subjected to El Centro NS

Fig. 1.14.3 Distribution Maximum Response Acceleration of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolation Building Subjected to Kobe EW

37
 12
10
8
6

Story
ACC OF NON LINEAR OF ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING
4
2
0

400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00 900.00 1000.00

ABS. Acceleration [cm/sec2]

Fig. 1.14.4 Distribution Maximum Response Acceleration of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolation Building Subjected to Kobe NS

Figure 1.14.1 until 1.14.4 show the biggest of acceleration occur in the top floor building and the
acceleration of base isolation each story is smaller than acceleration of ordinary building.

The values maximum response acceleration of nonlinear ordinary building and base isolation building of
all Figure 1.14.1 until 1.143.4 are shown by Table 1.14.1.

Table 1.14.1 Maximum Response Acceleration Nonlinear Ordinary And Base Isolation Building
El Centro NS El Centro EW Kobe NS Kobe EW
[cm/sec2] [cm/sec2] [cm/sec2] [cm/sec2]
Level
Base Base Base Base
Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary
Isolation Isolation Isolation Isolation
0 - 512.200 - 603.300 - 579.600 - 553.200
1 532.300 517.400 634.500 576.700 596.300 575.900 692.400 518.000
2 632.300 554.700 718.700 510.100 600.000 539.600 646.700 448.700
3 663.600 571.600 744.700 477.700 675.500 456.400 688.300 438.100
4 647.400 536.900 720.000 445.300 751.200 473.800 727.500 436.400
5 609.900 531.500 690.200 486.900 821.900 500.100 802.100 424.000

38
 6 685.600 480.100 849.600 514.600 829.500 512.900 881.700 440.800
7 608.500 517.500 819.000 453.900 789.600 494.000 900.800 482.000
8 601.600 504.100 715.600 476.700 697.700 498.800 856.800 515.300
9 714.700 433.800 702.500 546.800 676.000 517.900 760.600 491.700
10 764.500 475.200 819.500 611.300 824.900 466.500 751.200 475.400
11 839.200 652.300 917.300 721.200 955.200 647.300 1004.000 630.800
12 1365.000 892.300 1438.000 994.200 1372.000 960.800 1574.000 806.400

According to the Table 1.14.1, The maximum response of acceleration in the top floor of ordinary
building is Kobe EW and the maximum response acceleration of base isolation building is Elcentro EW.

1.15 Maximum Response Story Drift of Ordinary Building and Base Isolation Building
The Figure 1.15.1 until 1.15.4 represents response story drift of ordinary building and base isolation
building which are subjected to El Centro EW, El Centro NS, Kobe EW and Kobe NS ground motion in
the X direction.
12

NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING

10
8

BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING

6

Story
4

UPPER LIMIT MAX DRIFT OF ORDINARY BUILDING

2
0

1.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 13.00

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00
UPPER LIMIT MAX DRIFT OF BASE ISOLATION BUILDING 12.00 14.00
Max. Drift [cm]

Fig. 1.15.1 Distribution Maximum Response Story Drift of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolation Building Subjected to El Centro EW

39
 12
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING

9
6
Story BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING
3

UPPER LIMIT MAX DRIFT OF ORDINARY BUILDING

0

1.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 13.00

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00
UPPER LIMIT MAX DRIFT OF BASE ISOLATION BUILDING
Max. Drift [cm]

Fig. 1.15.2 Distribution Maximum Response Story Drift of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolation Building Subjected to El Centro NS
12

NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING

10
8

BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING

6

Story
4

UPPER LIMIT MAX DRIFT OF ORDINARY BUILDING

2
0

1.00 3.00 5.00 7.00 9.00 11.00 13.00

0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00
UPPER LIMIT MAX DRIFT OF BASE ISOLATION BUILDING 12.00 14.00
Max. Drift [cm]

40
 Fig. 1.15.3 Distribution Maximum Response Story Drift of Ordinary Building
and Base Isolation Building Subjected to Kobe EW
12

NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING

10
8

BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING

Story
6
4

UPPER LIMIT MAX DRIFT OF ORDINARY BUILDING

2
0

0.00 1.00
UPPER2.00 3.00
LIMIT MAX DRIFT 4.00
OF BASE5.00 6.00
ISOLATION 7.00
BUILDING 8.00 9.00
Max. Drift [cm]

Fig. 1.15.4 Distribution Maximum Response Story Drift of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolation Building Subjected to Kobe NS

The values of story drift ordinary building and base isolation building of Figure 1.15.1 until 1.15.4 are
shown by Table 1.15.1

Table 1.15.1 The Value Of Story Drift Non Linear Ordinary Building And Base Isolation Building
Level El Centro NS El Centro EW Kobe NS Kobe EW UPPER LIMIT
[cm] [cm] [cm] [cm] STORY DRIFT [cm]

41
 Base Base Base Base Base
Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary
Isolation Isolation Isolation Isolation Isolation
1 2.766 1.790 3.319 1.830 3.290 2.240 2.776 1.420 8.08 8.40
2 6.246 3.100 7.971 3.960 7.810 4.190 5.924 2.370 8.08 8.40
3 7.908 3.310 11.090 4.960 10.820 4.480 7.590 2.540 8.08 8.40
4 8.290 3.430 12.930 5.390 12.780 4.180 8.410 2.940 8.08 8.40
5 6.490 2.800 11.740 4.480 12.070 3.200 7.290 2.850 8.08 8.40
6 4.330 2.240 8.980 3.560 9.690 2.630 5.520 2.790 8.08 8.40
7 3.440 1.970 6.940 3.380 7.510 2.340 4.480 3.060 8.08 8.40
8 3.330 1.680 5.750 3.280 5.720 2.070 3.960 3.200 8.08 8.40
9 2.960 1.190 4.590 2.760 3.940 1.680 3.150 2.830 8.08 8.40
10 2.570 0.870 3.790 2.600 2.980 1.480 2.330 2.800 8.08 8.40
11 1.760 0.540 2.650 2.080 2.100 1.110 1.350 2.310 8.08 8.40
12 1.060 0.290 1.450 1.370 1.200 0.740 0.620 1.520 8.08 8.40

According to the Table 1.15.1, The biggest story drift occurs in the 4th story. The biggest story drift of
nonlinear ordinary building is El Centro EW with story drift value 12.93 cm while the biggest story drift
of base isolation building is El Centro EW with story drift equal 5.39 cm. It can be concluded that story
drift of ordinary building is bigger than the upper limit of story drift and the story drift of base isolation
building is smaller than the upper limit of story drift.

1.16 Relationship Story Drift Angle of Ordinary Building and Base Isolation Building
12
10
8
6

Story
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING
4
2
0

0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Drift Angle [rad]

The
relationship between drift angle and story of ordinary building and base isolation building which are
subjected to El Centro EW, El Centro NS, Kobe EW and Kobe NS ground motion are illustrated by
Figure 1.16.1 until 1.16.4

42
 Fig. 1.16.1 Relationship Story Drift Angle of Ordinary Building
and Base Isolation Building Subjected to El Centro EW
12
10
8
6

Story
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING
4
2
0

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Drift Angle [rad]

Fig. 1.16.2 Relationship Story Drift Angle Story of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolation Building Subjected to El Centro NS

43
Story 12
10
8
6
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING
4
2
0

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Drift Angle [rad]

Fig. 1.16.3 Relationship Story Drift Angle of Ordinary Building

and Base Isolation Building Subjected to Kobe EW
12
10
8
6

Story
NON LINEAR ORDINARY BUILDING BASE ISOLATOR BUILDING
4
2
0

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

Drift Angle [rad]

44
 Fig. 1.16.4 Relationship Story Drift Angle of Ordinary Building
and Base Isolation Building Subjected to Kobe NS

1.17 Maximum Layers Shear Force Each Story of Ordinary Building and Base Isolation Building
12
9

Story
6

ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING

3
0

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

MAX. Shear Force [kN]

The
maximum layers shear force of each story of ordinary building and base isolation building which are
subjected to El Centro EW, El Centro NS, Kobe EW and Kobe NS ground motion are illustrated by
Figure 1.17.1 until 1.17.4.

Fig. 1.17.1 Maximum Layer Shear Force Each Story of Ordinary Building
and Base Isolation Building Subjected to El Centro EW

45
 12
9
Story
6
3
0 ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

MAX. Shear Force [kN]

Fig. 1.17.2 Maximum Layer Shear Force Each Level of Ordinary Building
and Base Isolation Building Subjected to El Centro NS
12
9

Story
6

ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING

3
0

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

MAX. Shear Force [kN]

46
 Fig. 1.17.3 Maximum Layer Shear Force Each Level of Ordinary Building
and Base Isolation Building Subjected to Kobe EW
12
9

Story
6

ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING

3
0

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000

MAX. Shear Force [kN]

Fig. 1.17.4 Maximum Layer Shear Force Each Level of Ordinary Building
and Base Isolation Building Subjected to Kobe NS

According to the figure 1.17.1 until 1.17.4 the values of the maximum layer shear force for each story are
shown by the table 1.17.1.
Table 1.17.1 Distribution Maximum Layer Shear Force of Ordinary And Base Isolation Building
El Centro NS [kN] El Centro EW [kN] Kobe NS [kN] Kobe EW [kN]
Story Base Base Base Base
Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary
Isolation Isolation Isolation Isolation
0 - 31730 - 36990 - 36420 - 26720
1 37720 30850 36910 34330 35820 34250 34200 26300
2 35080 29400 33410 31340 32280 31660 32730 25780
3 31370 27290 31000 29130 30390 28610 29970 24980
4 29240 25150 30950 27620 29760 25770 28830 23930
5 27680 22980 28130 26200 28670 23480 27260 22750
6 25980 20530 26080 24600 26350 21240 26530 21540
7 24810 18330 25070 23140 24740 19780 25570 20340

47
 8 23200 17890 23490 21810 23380 18870 24690 18770
9 20770 17040 21920 19500 22320 17260 21410 16550
10 17920 15140 19190 16800 19620 14990 19540 14240
11 15150 11450 15820 12810 14910 11560 17370 10140
12 8936 5791 9324 6505 8902 6266 10260 5272
Table 1.17.1 shows that the maximum layer shear force of each story of base isolation building is smaller
than ordinary building.

1.18 Distribution of Story Shear Coeffcient of Ordinary Building and Base Isolation Building
12
9

Story
6

ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING

3
0

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4

Shear Coefficient [kN]

The
distribution of story shear coeffcient of ordinary building and base isolation building which are subjected
to El Centro EW, El Centro NS, Kobe EW and Kobe NS ground motion are illustrated by Figure 1.18.1
until 1.18.4.

Fig. 1.18.1 Distribution Story Shear Coeffcient of Ordinary Building and

Base Isolation Building Subjected to El Centro EW

48
 12
9
6
Story
ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING
3
0

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4

Shear Coefficient [kN]

Fig. 1.18.2 Distribution Story Shear Coeffcient of Ordinary Building and

129
6

Story
ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING
3
0

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4

Shear Coefficient [kN]

Base
Isolation Building Subjected to El Centro NS

49
 Fig. 1.18.3 Distribution Story Shear Coeffcient of Ordinary Building and
Base Isolation Building Subjected to Kobe EW
12
10
8

Story
6

ISOLATOR BUILDING ORDINARY BUILDING

4
2
0

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4

Shear Coefficient [kN]

Fig. 1.18.4 Distribution Story Shear Coeffcient of Ordinary Building and

Base Isolation Building Subjected to Kobe NS

According to the figure 1.18.1 until 1.18.4 the values of the story shear coefficient for each story are
shown by the Table 1.18.1.

Table 1.18.1 The Values of Story Shear Coefficient For Each Story of Ordinary And Base Isolation Building
El Centro NS El Centro EW Kobe NS Kobe EW
Level Base Base Base Base
Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary Ordinary
Isolation Isolation Isolation Isolation
0 0.000 0.283 0.000 0.330 0.000 0.325 0.000 0.239
1 0.365 0.275 0.358 0.306 0.347 0.306 0.331 0.235
2 0.340 0.262 0.324 0.280 0.313 0.283 0.317 0.230
3 0.304 0.244 0.300 0.260 0.294 0.255 0.290 0.223
4 0.283 0.225 0.300 0.247 0.288 0.230 0.279 0.214
5 0.268 0.205 0.273 0.234 0.278 0.210 0.264 0.203
6 0.252 0.183 0.253 0.220 0.255 0.190 0.257 0.192
7 0.240 0.164 0.243 0.207 0.240 0.177 0.248 0.182

50
 8 0.225 0.160 0.228 0.195 0.227 0.168 0.239 0.168
9 0.201 0.152 0.212 0.174 0.216 0.154 0.207 0.148
10 0.174 0.135 0.186 0.150 0.190 0.134 0.189 0.127
11 0.147 0.102 0.153 0.114 0.144 0.103 0.168 0.091
12 0.087 0.052 0.090 0.058 0.086 0.056 0.099 0.047

Table 1.18.1 shows the maximum shear force coefficient of each story of base isolataion building is
smaller than ordinary building, the biggest value of shear force coeffcient of base isolation building in the
1st floor is 0.306 and the biggest value of shear force coefficient of ordinary building is 0.365.

1.19 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Base Isolation Building (Base Floor)
Figure 1.19.1 until 1.19.4 represent maximum response story drift of base isolation building which are
subjected to El Centro-EW, El Centro NS, Kobe EW and Kobe NS ground motion at the base floor in the
X direction.
50000.00
Max capacity of base
40000.00isolation is 37602.792 kN

30000.00

20000.00

Shear Force [kN] 10000.00

0.00
-60.00 -40.00 -20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00
-70.00 -50.00 -30.00 -10000.00
-10.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00

-20000.00
Upper
Limit
-30000.00 Base Isolation is 66.7 [cm]
Drift [cm]

51
 Fig. 1.19.1 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Base Isolation Building
(Base Floor) Subjected to Elcentro-EW

Figure 1.19.1 shows the maximum story drift of base floor is 64.96 cm and the maximum of the shear
force is 36990 kN.

30000.00
Upper
Limit 20000.00
Base Isolation is 66.7 [cm]
10000.00

0.00
Shear Force [kN] -60.00 -40.00 -20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00
-70.00 -50.00 -30.00-10000.00
-10.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00

-20000.00

-30000.00

-40000.00

Drift [cm]

Max capacity of base

isolation is 37602.792 kN

Fig. 1.18.2 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Base Isolation Building
(Base Floor) Subjected to El Centro NS

Figure 1.19.2 shows the maximum story drift of base floor is 51.20 cm and the maximum of the shear
force is 31730 kN.

52
 40000.00
Upper
30000.00 Limit
Base Isolation is 66.7 [cm]
20000.00

10000.00

Shear Force [kN] 0.00

-60.00 -40.00 -20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00
-70.00 -50.00 -30.00 -10000.00
-10.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00

-20000.00

-30000.00

-40000.00

Drift [cm]

Max capacity of base

isolation is 37602.792 kN

Fig. 1.19.3 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Base Isolation Building
(Base Floor) Subjected to Kobe EW

Figure 1.19.3 shows the maximum story drift of base floor is 38.09 cm and the maximum of the shear
force is 26720 Kn.

53
 40000.00

30000.00

20000.00

10000.00
Shear Force [kN]
0.00
-60.00 -40.00 -20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00
-70.00 -50.00 -30.00 -10.00 10.00 30.00 50.00 70.00
-10000.00

-20000.00

-30000.00

Drift [cm]

Max capacity of base

isolation is 37602.792 kN

Upper
Limit
Base Isolation is 66.7 [cm]
Fig. 1.19.4 Relationship Max. Story Drift and Story Shear Force of Base Isolation Building
(Base Floor) Subjected to Kobe NS

Figure 1.19.4 shows the maximum story drift of base floor is 63.47 cm and the maximum of the shear
force is 36420 kN.

According to the Figure 1.18.1 until 1.18.4, all of the story drift of base isolation smaller than upper limit
drift of base isolation and the capacity of base isolation is bigger than shear force of base isolation.

Conclusion
The use of base isolation system on the building with the category of high seismic intensity area is
very effective to reduce the danger of earthquake risk. It can be proved by the analysis that has
been performed on the seismic performance analysis of the base isolation system building and
ordinary building. The result shows that the building using base isolation system can extend the

54
time period of the building which has an effect on reducing the acceleration values in the buildings
and also reducing the shear force of the earthquake.

The use of base isolations in the buildings can minimize displacement large and story drift of the
structure. It can be seen from the studies that have been done by a very noticeable difference from
the value of story drift in the building base isolation system and ordinary building where the value
of the maximum story drift of the building with base isolation system is 5.39 cm and the value of the
maximum story drift of ordinary building is 12.93 cm. According to Indonesia code, the upper limit
of the story drift in this study for ordinary buildings is 8.08 cm and the upper limit of the story drift
base isolation building is 8,40 cm. It can be concluded that the story drift of ordinary building is
bigger than the upper limit story drift of ordinary building and the story drift of base isolation
building is smaller than the upper limit of the story drift of base isolation system.

55