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ME 302 DYNAMICS OF

MACHINERY

FRICTION FORCE
Dr. Sadettin KAPUCU

1
Friction
When two bodies are in contact with each other, with or without relative
motion between, then fiction forces come into account. This forces result
in a loss of energy which is dissipated in the form of heat.

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Friction types
Dry friction :Dry friction is encountered when the unlubricated surface of two
solids are in contact under a condition of sliding or tendency to slide. This
type of friction is also called Coulombs friction.
mg

m P P
m
Ff
This frictionFforce
Ff Static
Kinetic
R willtan bef in a
always
N
friction
friction direction to Nappose
theN
F f ortan
motion
tendency toward
F fs s N F fd d N motion of the body
tan
s d on which it acts.

P
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Friction types
Fluid Friction: Fluid friction is developed when adjacent layers in a fluid are
moving at different velocities. It may be either viscous or turbulent.
lubrication Shaft surface
Shaft
Bearing
V

V=0

Bearing surface Fd V
Fd c V
Lubrication layers

Damping coefficient
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Example
The Withworth quick return mechanism is acted upon by a 10 Nm
external torque acting on crank BC in CW direction. Calculate the
amount of torque required on crank AB at the instant when crank AB
starts rotating CCW, If the coefficient of friction between the mating
surfaces of the prismatic joints is 0,3.
B
3
AB = AC = 10 cm.

4
2

T Text =10 N.m

A C

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Example
By definition friction force always opposes the motion, in order to put the
friction force in proper direction we need velocity analysis. The velocity of
the crank pin B as a point on AB link is easily found, so that B will be used as
a reference point for determining the relative velocity of link 3 and link 4.
The relative velocity equation may now be written;

B V3 V4 V3 / 4
3
is normal to AB link and direction,
V3 dictated by problem definition.

V4 is normal to BC link.

4 V3 / 4 is along BC link.
2

T Text =10 N.m


V3

A C V3/4

1 OV
V4
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3Example T
Text AB * N N ext
AB 0,1
10
100 N
V3/4
V3


F f * N 0,3 *100 30 N OV
FB 100 N V4
B
F ' B 30 N
B

T
Text =10 N.m

C
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T d1 * N d 2 * F f 0 ,049 * 100 0 ,086 * 30 7 ,48 N CCW
Example 2
An external torque of 100 N-m is acting on link 2 of the mechanism shown
in CCW direction. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the external
force required on link 4 at the instant when the link just starts moving
rightwards if the coefficient of friction at the sliding joint at B is 0.3.

3 4
F

AB = AC = 10 cm.
T
50
2

A
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Example 2

V4 V3
AB = AC = 10 cm.
3 4 C V2 V3 V2 / 3
F
V2 is normal to AB link.
B is along BC link. direction
V3
dictated by problem definition
T
50 V2 / 3 is along AB link.
2

Ov V3
A
1
V2 V2/3

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Ov V3
Example 2
V2 V2/3

3 4
N C
TC F

Ff B
FC

x
B N

Ff F x 0 ; FBx FAx 0 FBx FAx


100 N-m T 100
Text AB * N N ext 1730,1 N
AB 0,0578

2 F f * N 0,3 *1730,1 519.03 N

F x 0 ; F f * cos 60 N * cos 30 F 0
A
FA F 1757 ,83 N rightwards
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F'A

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