REFERENCES TABLE 1 Parameter Values

1. J.S. Hong and M.J. Lancaster, Theory and experiment of novel micro- Values [mm]
strip slow-wave open-loop resonators lters, IEEE Trans Microwave
Theory Tech 45 (1997), 2358 2365. Elementary Dipole Dual-Band Tri-Band
2. J.J. Yu, S.T. Chew, M.S. Leong, and B.L. Ooi, New class of microstrip Antenna Antennas Antenna
miniaturized lter using triangular stub, Electron Lett 37 (2001), 1169 Parameters (A1) (A2) (A3) (A4)
1170.
3. L. Zhu and K. Wu, Accurate circuit model of interdigital capacitor and L 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8
its application to design of new quasi-lumped miniaturized lters with W 14.8 14.8 55 14.8
suppression of harmonic resonance, IEEE Trans Microwave Theory L1 23.1 23.1 26 33.4
Tech 48 (2000), 347356. W1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
4. C. Person, A. Sheta, J.Ph. Coupez, and S. Toutain, Design of high L2 11 20.2 21
performance bandpass lters by using multi-layer thick-lm technol- W2 1 3 3
ogy, Proc 24th Europ Microwave Conf (1994), 14031406. L3 12.1
5. H.C. Chang, C.C. Yeh, W.C. Ku, and K.C. Tao, A multilayer bandpass W3 1.4
lter integrated into RF module board, IEEE MTT-S Dig (1999), S1 0.5 0.6 1
1239 1242. S2 1
6. J.J. Yu, S.T. Chew, M.S. Leong, and B.L. Ooi, Miniaturized microstrip d 13.9 13.9 23.4 30.2
one-loop lters, Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35 (2002), 157159.
7. J.S. Hong and M.J. Lancaster, Aperture-coupled microstrip open-loop
resonators and their applications to the design of novel microstrip
bandpass lters, IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 47 (1999), 1848
1855.

2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DESIGN OF MULTIBAND PRINTED

DIPOLE ANTENNAS USING PARASITIC
ELEMENTS
Jean-Marie Floch and Hatem Rmili
IETR, UMR CNRS 6164
20 avenue Buttes des Coesmes
35043 Rennes, France

Received 25 January 2006

ABSTRACT: In this paper, multiband printed dipole antennas using

parasitic elements are proposed for multiple wireless services. First, an
elementary dipole antenna is studied and characterized at the operating
frequency of 2.9 GHz. Next, two compact dual-band planar-antenna
congurations are presented. The rst antenna is suitable for nautical Figure 1 Printed elementary-dipole antenna (A1)
RADAR detection in both the L- and X-bands, whereas the second is
suitable for Bluetooth and WiFi or WiMax applications. Finally, a tri-
ple-band printed dipole antenna with two parasitic elements is designed
to operate at triple-band for IMT-2000, 5-GHz WLAN, and X-band ISM,
respectively. Prototypes of the proposed antennas are constructed and
tested. All the antennas have a simple geometry and can be easily fed
using a 50 coaxial probe or directly integrated in the PC board with a
microstrip line. Details of the experimental and simulation results are
presented and discussed. 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt
Technol Lett 48: 1639 1645, 2006; Published online in Wiley Inter-
Science (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21714

Key words: dual-band; triple-band; printed dipole antenna; parasitic

element; antennas for detection and communication

1. INTRODUCTION
With the advance of wireless systems, the requirements of broad-
ening frequency bandwidth and sharing multifrequency bands
have increased more and more. To comply with this requirement,
compact and high-performance broadband/multiband planar anten-
nas with good radiation characteristics are needed. Recently, var-
ious types of printed dipole antennas (PDAs) have been studied, as Figure 2 Photograph of the proposed elementary-dipole antenna (A1).
they provide easy fabrication, a simple structure, and easy inte- [Color gure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at
gration of solid-state devices [13]. In particular, the double-sided www.interscience.wiley.com]

DOI 10.1002/mop MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 48, No. 8, August 2006 1639

Figure 3 Measured return loss of the elementary-dipole antenna (A1).
[Color gure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at
www.interscience.wiley.com]
printed dipole-antenna is one of the techniques concerning the
enhancement of the impedance bandwidth, and the antenna-size
reduction in case of multiband operation [4 6]. Whereas the use
of printed dipole antennas with parasitic elements is one of the
known techniques used for multiband planar-antennas design.
These two techniques were combined for the design of novel
broad- and multiband antennas.
In this paper, different double-sided PDAs using parasitic ele-
ments have been designed to achieve operation at multiservice
bands for IMT-2000 (international mobile communication-2000;
1920 2170 MHz), RADAR detection in the L- and X-bands,
Bluetooth, Wi/WLAN, and Wimax applications. The antenna
consists of two double-sided printed strip dipoles with a total
length of g / 2 ( g is the wavelength in the propagating medium)
connected through a bilar printed line. The shorter arm of this
bilar line, of length around g /4 in order to permit the impedance
Figure 4 Radiation pattern of the elementary-dipole antenna (A1) in the E-plane ( xy plane) at 2.9 GHz. [Color gure can be viewed in the online issue,
which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com]
1640 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 48, No. 8, August 2006
Figure 5 Printed dual-band dipole antenna
transformation and the balanced feeding of the printed dipoles, is
connected to a rectangular ground plane, whereas the longer arm is
soldered to the central axis of a 50 SMA coaxial connector.
Parasitic element(s) with the length of g / 2 is (are) used in close
proximity to the dipole for multifrequency resonance. The double-
sided PDA using parasitic elements, when compared to the con-
ventional conguration of the microstrip patch antenna, has the
advantages of bandwidth enhancement, multifrequency resonance,
as well as occupying less area in the substrate (which is important
for compact and array antennas). A rst study was made in
partnership with the Martec SerpeIESM company for nautical
RADAR detection application.
2. ANTENNAS DESIGN
Prototypes of the optimized printed dipole antennas were fabri-
cated on CuClad substrates of relative permittivity r 2.17 and
thickness h 0.8 mm, based on the dimensions specied in Table
1. All the electrical properties and performances were measured
using an HP-8720 C and Wiltron 360 B vector analysers. Mea-
surements on the radiation patterns were performed in a near-eld
anechoic chamber developed by SATIMO Company and in using
our far-eld antenna measurement facilities.
DOI 10.1002/mop
Figure 6 Measured return-loss characteristics of the dual-band antenna
(A2)

2.1. Elementary-Dipole Antenna

Figure 1 shows the elementary printed dipole antenna (A1). An
L-inverted strip dipole of length 2L 1 (L 1 g /4) with arms
printed on both sides of the substrate resonates and radiates as a
half-wavelength dipole. The width of the microstrip feed line is
xed at W 1 1.4 mm to achieve 50 impedance. This structure
is the basic one used for the design of multiband antennas. By
adjusting the length L 1 of the dipole arms, we can x the operating
frequency, whereas the distance d between the arms and the
ground plane inuences on the impedance matching of the an-
tenna. This distance is choosen to be around g /4 at low fre-
quency.
A photograph of the elementary-dipole antenna (A1) with SMA
connector is presented in Figure 2. Figure 3 shows measured
results for the input return loss of the elementary-dipole antenna.
The operating frequency is 2.9 GHz, and the measured VSWR
2 bandwidth is around 17%.
The radiation pattern, at the frequency 2.9 GHz, in the E-plane
is given in Figure 4.

2.2. Dual-Band Dipole Antennas

The addition of one parasitic element close to the elementary
printed dipole creates a second resonance frequency which is
Figure 8 Measured (a) H-plane ( yz plane) (b) E-plane ( xz plane) and
radiation patterns with co-polarization and cross-polarization at 3 GHz of
the dual-band antenna (A2)

determined by the length L 2 (L 2 g / 2) of this element. Figure

5 shows the dual-band PDA using a parasitic element. The values
of the different parameters design are listed in Table 1. Two
dual-band printed dipole antennas (A2 and A3), with parasitic
element added close to the driving dipole were realized for differ-
ent applications. The performance of A2 is shown in Figure 6 and
photographs in Figure 7.

2.2.1. Antenna for Nautical Radar Detection

For antenna (A2), the lower resonant frequency appears at 3 GHz
Figure 7 Photograph of the proposed dual-band dipole antenna (A2): top and the upper resonant frequency at 9.4 GHz. The bandwidth is
view on the left; bottom view on the right. [Color gure can be viewed in about 440 MHz (2.833.27 GHz) or about 14.2% for the centre
the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com] frequency of 3.08 GHz and about 1480 MHz (8.359.85) or about

DOI 10.1002/mop MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 48, No. 8, August 2006 1641
 radiation characteristics in the two desired bands. The antenna
offers gains around 5 and 7 dBi in the L- and X-bands, respec-
tively.

2.2.2. Antenna for WLAN Applications

Simulation results. The dual-band antenna (A3) has been anal-
ysed using the HFSS simulation package for the impedance band-
width and radiation patterns. Figure 10 shows simulated results for
the input return loss of antenna (A3).
In the simulations, as the return loss is smaller than 10 dB,
the frequency response can cover two bands. The rst band is from
2.40 to 2.51 GHz, and the second band is from 5.76 to 5.84 GHz,
which can meet the bandwidth requirements for the IEEE 802.11b
and IEEE 802.11a, respectively.
For the eld analysis, Figure 11 shows simulated results of the
E-plane ( xz) and H-plane ( yz) patterns with resonance frequen-
cies at 2.45 and 5.89 GHz. It can be seen that radiation patterns are
omnidirectional in the H-plane at both frequencies. Radiation
patterns are symmetric in both the H-plane and E-plane, at the
lower frequency of 2.45 GHz, whereas only the radiation pattern in
H-plane is symmetric at the upper frequency.
Measurement results. For antenna (A3), two resonant bands
are observed at frequencies 2.47 and 5.89 GHz with VSWR 2
bandwidths of 12.9% and 7.6%, respectively. The two resonant
bands with 320 MHz (2340 2660-MHz) and 450 MHz (5650
6100-MHz) bandwidths cover the 2.4- and 5.8-GHz WLAN bands,
respectively (Fig. 12).
Figure 13 shows the measured results of the normalized E-
plane and H-plane radiation patterns with resonance frequencies at
2.44 and 5.89 GHz, respectively.
The radiation patterns in the H-plane are nearly omnidirec-
tional at both operating frequencies. Moreover, the radiation
patterns have symmetric characteristics with respect to the
y-axis because the antenna structure is symmetrical. However, a
great part of radiation is directed towards the negative-axis (that
is, towards the feed). This effect is mainly caused by the
radiated elds of the feeding line, which acts as an active part
of the dipole radiator in its near vicinity and due also the
measurement system.

Figure 9 Measured (a) H-plane ( yz plane) (b) E-plane ( xz plane) and

radiation patterns with co-polarization and cross-polarization at 9.4 GHz of
the dual-band antenna (A2)

15.7% for the center frequency of 9.47 GHz. The main application
of this antenna, which is developed for Martec SERPE-IESM
company, is nautical RADAR-detection in both the L-band (2.9
3.1 GHz) and the X-band (9.39.5 GHz).
Figures 8 and 9 show the measured far-eld radiation patterns
of co- and cross-polarization for the E- and H-planes at the
resonance frequencies 3 and 9.4 GHz, respectively.
At these frequencies, the patterns are observed to be nearly
omnidirectional in the H-plane, with a cross-polar level better
than 15 dB in the boresight direction. Whereas the E-plane
radiation patterns exhibit the typical nulls on the dipole axis
(x-axis), at angles 0 and 180. The antenna exhibits similar Figure 10 Simulated return loss of the dual-band antenna (A3)

1642 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 48, No. 8, August 2006 DOI 10.1002/mop
 2.3. Tri-Band Dipole Antenna
The tri-band antenna (A4) has been obtained by adding a second
parasitic element in close proximity to the existing element [6].
Figure 14 shows the geometry of the proposed antenna. All opti-
mized parameters design are shown in Table 1. A photo of the
realized antenna is given in Figure 15.
The measured return loss characteristic of the tri-band antenna
is shown in Figure 16. Three resonant bands are observed at
frequencies 2.02, 5.37, and 9.64 GHz with VSWR 2 bandwidths
of 16.3%, 7.8%, and 4%, respectively. The lower resonant band
with 330 MHz (1870 2200 MHz) bandwidth is wide enough to
cover the IMT-2000 band. The two higher resonant bands with 420
MHz (5220 5640 MHz) and 390-MHz (9430 9820 MHz) band-
widths are suitable to cover the 5.4-GHz WLAN and ISM X-
bands, respectively. The measured radiation patterns at 2.02, 5.37,
and 9.64 GHz, are presented in Figure 17.

3. CONCLUSION
Different printed dipole antennas (PDAs) have been designed
for multiple wireless services (IMT-2000, 2.4/5.4/5.8-GHz
WLAN, and RADAR detection). Two techniques were associ-
ated with the design of both broadband and multiband antennas.
Structures of double-sided printed strip dipoles connected
through balanced striplines have been designed to increase
impedance bandwidths around the designed frequencies. In
addition, parasitic elements were printed close to the dipole
antenna for multiband operation. As a result, it has been dem-
onstrated that bandwidths of 14.2% (for VWSR 2) and 15.7%
can be achieved with the dual-band antenna designed for nau-
tical radar detection in both the L- and X-bands. Whereas,
12.9% and 7.6% are obtained with the dual-band antenna de-
signed for 2.4/5.8-GHz WLAN applications. For the tri-band
antenna conguration, 16.3%, 7.8%, and 4% impedance band-
widths are obtained for IMT-2000, 5.4-GHz WLAN, and X-
band, respectively. These structures could be useful as radiating
elements for communication systems and detection applica-
tions.

Figure 11 Simulated E-plane ( xz plane) and H-plane ( yz plane)

radiation patterns of the dual-band antenna (A3): (a) F 2.47 GHz; (b)
F 5.89 GHz

In the E-plane, the radiation patterns are asymmetric. This

effect mainly arises from the fact that double sided printed dipoles
are inherently asymmetric structures, having one arm directly
connected to the ground plane of the balun, while the other is
connected to the feeding strip.
The maximum gains observed in the 2.4-GHz WLAN and
5.8-GHz WLAN bands are also around 5 and 7 dBi, respec-
tively. Figure 12 Measured return loss of the dual-band antenna (A3).

DOI 10.1002/mop MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 48, No. 8, August 2006 1643
 Figure 14 Geometry of the tri-band printed dipole antenna (A4)

Figure 15 Photograph of the proposed tri-band antenna (A4): bottom

view. [Color gure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at
www.interscience.wiley.com]

Figure 13 Measured E-plane ( xz plane) and H-plane ( yz plane)

radiation patterns of the dual-band antenna (A3): (a) F 2.47 GHz; (b)
F 5.89 GHz

Figure 16 Measured return loss of the tri-band antenna (A4)

1644 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 48, No. 8, August 2006 DOI 10.1002/mop

Figure 17 Measured E-plane ( xz plane) and H-plane ( yz plane)
radiation patterns of the tri-band antenna (A4): (a) F 2.02 GHz; (b) F
5.37 GHz; (c) F 9.64 GHz. [Color gure can be viewed in the online
issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com]
DOI 10.1002/mop MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 48, No. 8, August 2006
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to acknowledge the helpful of Dr. Laurent LE
Coq during the radiation pattern measurements.
REFERENCES
1. G.Y. Chen and J.S. Sun, A printed dipole antenna with microstrip
tapered balun, Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40 (2004), 344 346.
2. T. Vasiliadis, E. Vaitsopoulos, and G. Sergiadis, A wideband printed
bipole antenna with optimized tapered feeding balun for ISM, and FW
bands, Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43 (2004), 437 441.
3. K. Chang, H. Kim, and Y. Yoon, A triple-band printed dipole antenna
using parasitic elements, Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47 (2005), 221
223.
4. F. Teku and C. Grimes, Design of broad-band and dual-band antennas
comprised of series-fed printed-strip dipole pairs, IEEE Trans Antennas
Propagat AP-48 (2000), 895900.
5. J.M. Floch and P. Renaudin, Design of dual frequency printed dipole,
Proc International ITG Conf Antennas, 2002, Berlin, Germany, pp.
265267.
6. J.M. Floch, Design of tri-band printed dipole, Proc 11th Antenna Technol
Appl Electromagn Conf, 2005, Saint-Malo, France, pp. 250 255.
2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HIGH-POWER BIPOLAR PICOSECOND
PULSE GENERATION USING
OPTICALLY ACTIVATED TRAVELING
WAVE GENERATOR
B. Vergne,1 V. Couderc,1 A. Barthelemy,1 M. Lalande,2
V. Bertrand,2 and D. Gontier3
1
Xlim
123 Avenue Albert Thomas
87060 Limoges, France
2
IUT GEII/Xlim
7 Rue Jules Valle`s
19100 Brive, France
3
CEA
Bruye`res-le-Chatel, France
Received 25 January 2006
ABSTRACT: We demonstrate the generation of multikilovolt bipolar
picosecond pulses using an optically activated travelling wave gener-
ator into 50 load. The spectral content of the output electrical
pulse can be modied to favour or reduce low-frequency components.
Bipolar pulses of 450 ps of duration with more than 3 kV of peak voltage
are produced. 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett
48: 16451648, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.
interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21713
Key words: bipolar pulses; picosecond duration; switching process;
wide band spectra; kilovolt pulses
1. INTRODUCTION
Bipolar pulses are interesting for many applications from the
biomedical domain to the military domain. In the framework of
ultra-wideband (UWB) characterization of a target, bipolar pulses
allow us to avoid the presence of low-frequency components,
compared to unipolar pulses [15]. Moreover, this kind of pulses
drastically increases the radiation efciency of UWB antennas.
The sensitivity and the performances of any radar system are then
signicantly improved by using this kind of signal with nonaver-
age power [6 10]. Short bipolar pulses can also be used for the
studies of biological cell response and can be advantageously used
1645