B Xy dng cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam

-------- c lp - T do - Hnh phc

S: 45 /2005/Q-BXD ----------
H ni, ngy 19 thng 12 nm 2005

Quyt nh
V vic ban hnh TCXDVN 359 : 2005
" Cc- Th nghim kim tra khuyt tt bng phng php ng bin dng nh"

b trng B Xy dng

- Cn c Ngh nh s 36 / 2003 / N-CP ngy 4 / 4 / 2003 ca Chnh ph quy nh

chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Xy dng;

- Xt ngh ca V trng V Khoa hc Cng ngh,

quyt nh

iu 1. Ban hnh km theo quyt nh ny 01 Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam :

TCXDVN 359 : 2005 " Cc - Th nghim kim tra khuyt tt bng phng php ng
bin dng nh"

iu 2. Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau 15 ngy, k t ngy ng cng bo

iu 3. Cc ng Chnh vn phng B, V trng V Khoa hc Cng ngh v Th
trng cc n v c lin quan chu trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny ./.

K/t B trng
th trng
Ni nhn:
- Nh iu 3
- VP Chnh Ph
- Cng bo V k
- B T php
- V Php ch
- Lu VP&V KHCN
Nguyn Vn Lin

1
TCXDVN 359: 2005

TCXDVN Tiu chun xy dng vit nam

TCXDVN 359: 2005

Cc - Th nghim kim tra khuyt tt

bng phng php ng bin dng nh

Foundation Piles - Method of detection of defects by dynamic low-strain testing

H Ni - 2005

2
 TCXDVN 359: 2005

Li ni u
TCXDVN 359:2005 Cc Th nghim kim tra khuyt tt bng phng php ng bin dng nh
do B Xy dng ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 45/2005/Q-BXD ngy 19/12/2005.

3
Tiu chun xy dng vit nam TCXDVN 359: 2005

Cc - Th nghim kim tra khuyt tt

bng phng php ng bin dng nh
Foundation Piles - Method of detection of defects by dynamic low-strain testing

1. Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny c p dng cho cc mng ca cng trnh xy dng.

1.2 Phng php ng bin dng nh c p dng pht hin khuyt tt trn cc n ch to
bng b tng ct thp hoc bng thp, h theo phng thng ng hoc xin.

1.3 Khng nn s dng phng php th nghim ny cho c vn thp v cho cc c trn 1 mi ni
v cc c ng knh tit din ln hn 1,5 m.

1.4 Khng s dng phng php th nghim ny nh gi sc chu ti ca cc.

Ghi ch:

1) su th nghim kim tra trong iu kin thng thng khong 30 ln ng knh cc.
Trong trng hp mt phn thn cc nm trong nc hoc trong t rt yu, c th kim tra
n su ln hn.

2) Khi c cn c, phng php ny c kh nng xc nh chiu di cc v cng b

tng thn cc.

2. Qui nh chung
2.1 cng th nghim phi c lp v c ph duyt trc khi bt u th nghim.

2.2 Ngi thc hin th nghim phi c chng ch xc nhn nng lc chuyn mn v th nghim ng
bin dng nh do c quan c thm quyn cp.

2.3 Thit b th nghim phi l loi chuyn dng cho cng tc kim tra cc bng phng php ng
bin dng nh. Thit b th nghim phi c chng ch hiu chun nh k 2 nm/ln (nu nh cung
cp thit b khng yu cu thi gian hiu chun ngn hn).

2.4 Cn kt hp th nghim bin dng nh vi mt s phng php th nghim khc khi kim tra
khuyt tt ca cc.

3. Tiu chun vin dn

TCXDVN 326 : 2004 "Cc khoan nhi - Tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu "

4. Thut ng
4.1 Khuyt tt ca cc (deffect): Bin ng ca kch thc hnh hc hoc ca mt vt liu cc.
4.2 Vn tc truyn sng c (wave speed): Vn tc sng ng sut lan truyn dc trc cc ph thuc
vo tnh cht ca vt liu cc, m / s .

4
 TCXDVN 359: 2005

AE
Z=
4.3 Khng tr ca cc Z (impedance): L i lng xc nh theo cng thc c , kN .s / m ,
trong :
2
E l m un n hi ca vt liu cc, kN / m ;
2
A l din tch tit din ngang ca cc, m ;

c l vn tc truyn sng ng sut dc trc cc, m / s .

4.4 Vn tc u cc (pile head velocity): Vn tc theo phng dc trc cc o c ti u cc khi
th nghim bin dng nh, trong phn tip theo ca tiu chun ny c gi tt l vn tc.
4.5 Phng php phn x xung (pulse echo method): Phng php phn tch trong s liu o
vn tc c phn tch di dng hm s ca thi gian.
4.6 Phng php ng x nhanh (transient response method): Phng php phn tch trong vn
tc v xung lc ca ba c phn tch di dng hm s ca tn s.

4.7 Phng php tn hiu ph hp (signal matching method): Phng php phn tch mc khuyt
tt ca cc trong chnh xc ca kt qu c nh gi theo s ph hp ca vn tc u cc
tnh ton vi vn tc o c ti hin trng.

5. Thit b th nghim
5.1 Thit b th nghim gm 3 b phn chnh:

a) Thit b to xung lc;

b) Cc u o vn tc v lc (nu c);

c) Thit b thu v hin th tn hiu.

Ghi ch:
Mt s thit b th nghim thng dng Vit Nam c gii thiu trong ph lc D.
5.2 Thit b to xung lc (va p): Xung lc c th c to bi cc dng c nh ba cm tay hoc
qu nng. Dng c phi to xung lc theo phng dc trc cc vi thi gian tc ng nh hn 1 ms
v khng gy h hng cc b trn u cc.
Ghi ch:
Nn s dng ba cm tay c phn u ba bng cht do vi trng lng ba khong 0,55
kg.
5.3 Cc u o: Gm 1 hoc nhiu u o vn tc v u o xung lc (khng bt buc). Trng hp
kim tra cc di i cc thi cng cn s dng t nht 2 u o vn tc.

5.3.1 u o vn tc : Vn tc c th c xc nh bng u o gia tc, u o vn tc hoc u

o chuyn v. Nu s dng u o gia tc th cn tch phn tn hiu xc nh vn tc. Nu s
dng u o chuyn v th vn tc c xc nh bng cch vi phn tn hiu o.
5.3.2 u o lc (khng bt buc): u o lc gn trn dng c to xung phi c kh nng o xung
lc thay i theo thi gian.
5.3.3 Tn hiu o vn tc v lc c chuyn v thit b thu v hin th tn hiu bng dy dn tn hiu
c kh nng chng nhiu.

5.4. Thit b thu v hin th tn hiu: L thit b nhn tn hiu t cc u o, thc hin mt s x l ban
u v hin th tn hiu trn mn hnh. Yu cu i vi thit b ny c trnh by t 5.4.1 n 5.4.5.

5
TCXDVN 359: 2005

5.4.1 Tn hiu tng t (analog signal) t cc u o c chuyn i sang tn hiu s. Tn s ly

mu khi chuyn i khng nh hn 30000 Hz. Tn hiu ng vi mi nht ba cn c lu gi cng
vi m s tn hiu, thng tin v cy cc, h s khuych i, thi gian th nghim.

5.4.2 Trng hp cc u o gia tc c s dng trong th nghim, tn hiu cn c hiu chun v

tch phn xc nh vn tc. B phn thu s liu cng phi c kh nng chnh cho vn tc v 0
trong khong thi gian gia cc nht ba.

5.4.3 Nu s dng u o xung lc, b phn thu s liu phi c kh nng cn bng v 0 trong
khong thi gian gia cc nht ba, hiu chun v khuych i s liu o lc.

5.4.4 B phn x l ban u phi thc hin chun ho tn hiu lc v vn tc theo cng ng cong
ng x tn s trnh s lch pha tng i v s chnh lch v bin .

5.4.5 Cc tn hiu o vn tc v lc (nu c) c hin th di dng biu vn tc - thi gian v

lc - thi gian. Cn m bo l thit b c kh nng hin th tn hiu ng vi nht ba c la chn
trong thi gian khng t hn hn 30 giy.

6. Xc nh s lng v v tr cc th nghim
6.1 S lng cc c kim tra bng phng php ng bin dng nh c xc nh theo yu cu
ca TCXDVN 326:2004. Trng hp pht hin t l cc c khuyt tt vt qu 30% s cc kim
tra th tng thm 50% s cc th nghim v nu t l cc c khuyt tt vn vt qu 30% s cc
th tin hnh kim tra ton b cc cc ca cng trnh.
6.2 Tt c cc cc thuc mng c 1 cc phi c kim tra bng phng php ng bin dng nh
nu cha c kim tra bng phng php khc. i vi mng c t 2 n 3 cc, nu th nghim
pht hin mt cc c khuyt tt th kim tra cc cc cn li.

6.3 i vi cc mng c nhiu cc, v tr cc c th nghim nn c xc nh theo tm quan trng

ca cy cc, tnh hnh thc t thi cng cc hoc la chn mt cch ngu nhin.

7. Th nghim hin trng

7.1 Chun b th nghim

7.1.1 i vi cc nhi hoc cc ng c b tng lp lng cc th thi gian bt u cng tc th

nghim ly bng gi tr ln hn ca:

a) 7 ngy, k t khi kt thc b tng;

b) Thi gian cng b tng t 75% gi tr thit k.

7.1.2 u cc phi d tip cn, khng c ngp nc, phn b tng cht lng thp trn u cc
phi c loi b cho ti lp b tng tt, t v cc ph thi xy dng trn b mt u cc phi c
ty sch.

7.1.3 S lng ti thiu cc im th nghim trn b mt u cc l:

a) 1 im i vi cc D 0,60 m

b) 3 im i vi cc D > 0,60 m (hnh 1)

7.1.4 Trn b mt u cc cn mi phng cc v tr d kin t u o vn tc v cc v tr to xung

lc (g ba).

Ghi ch: Nn dng dng c cm tay mi phng cc v tr o, phm vi mi phng quanh mi

v tr o c ng knh khong 10 n 15 cm.
6
 TCXDVN 359: 2005

Hnh 1 - S b tr cc im o

7.2. Lp t thit b o

7.2.1 Vic lp t u o vn tc trn u cc phi m bo cho trc ca u o song song vi trc

ca cc. Nn s dng vt liu m nh sp, va-d-lin, v.v., m bo s tip xc gia u o v
b mt u cc. B dy ca lp vt liu m cng mng cng tt.

7.2.2 Sau khi ni cc u o vo b phn ghi tn hiu cn kim tra hot ng ca thit b. Nu pht
hin thit b hot ng khng bnh thng th phi dng th nghim.

7.3 o sng

7.3.1 Xc nh cc tham s lm vic cho thit b trn c s cc c tnh ca cy cc th nghim. C

th o th mt vi nht ba iu chnh cc tham s.

7.3.2 Ln lt tin hnh g v o sng ti cc im nh trn b mt u cc. Ba phi c g

to ra xung lc theo phng dc trc cc. Ti mi im cn thc hin php o cho t nht 3 nht
ba.

7.3.3 Trc khi th nghim mi cy cc nn s b kim tra cht lng tn hiu. Biu vn tc thu
c ti mi im trn b mt u cc phi c dng tng t. Nhng bin i bt thng ca dng
biu tn hiu c th do hot ng khng bnh thng ca thit b o, h hng cc b gn b mt
cy cc hoc sai st trong thao tc ca ngi th nghim.

7.3.4 Cng vi vic o sng cn thu thp cc s liu hin trng c lin quan n cc th nghim, c
th l:
a) S hiu cy cc th nghim;
b) ng knh v chiu di ca cc theo thit k v hon cng;
c) iu kin t nn;
d) ng knh v chiu di ng chng (casing), ng chng tm hay li vnh vin;
e) Ngy b tng, biu khi lng b tng theo su, phng php b tng;
f) V tr to xung v v tr t u o vn tc;
g) Cao u cc ti thi im th nghim;
h) Cc bin bn hin trng theo di qu trnh thi cng cc.

7
TCXDVN 359: 2005

8. Phn tch tn hiu

8.1 Mc ch ca phn tch tn hiu l pht hin du hiu ca khuyt tt, xc nh v tr v d bo
mc ca khuyt tt. Vic phn tch c th c thc hin theo phng php phn x xung,
phng php ng x nhanh hoc phng php "tn hiu ph hp".

8.2 Phn tch theo phng php phn x xung: Phng php ny xc nh su c thay i khng
tr trn c s s liu o vn tc u cc. Thng thng trong th nghim xung bin dng nh ch
cn phn tch theo phng php ny l . Vic phn tch c thc hin theo cc bc t 8.2.1 n
8.2.3.

8.2.1 Biu din s liu o

S liu o c biu din di dng biu vn tc - thi gian (hnh 2), trong trc tung ca biu
l bin sng v trc honh l trc ca thi gian hoc su. Khuych i tn hiu sao cho
bin sng phn x t mi cc c hin th vi bin tng ng bin sng ban u. Nn
p dng h s khuych i dng hm s m vi tr tng theo thi gian.

Hnh 2 - Biu vn tc

8.2.2 Xc nh biu sng c trng

Biu sng c trng c xc nh t kt qu th nghim cc cc c cng ng knh, chiu di,

vt liu v c h trong cng iu kin t nn. Xc nh biu sng c trng theo trnh t sau:

a) Quan st tt c cc biu th nghim ca cc cy cc th nghim, s b nhn dng cc

c tnh chung ca biu sng. Tham kho kt qu kho st a cht cng trnh nh gi
nh hng ca iu kin t nn i vi ng x ca cc cc th nghim;

b) Loi b cc cy cc c dng sng t bin;

c) Ly gi tr trung bnh ca s liu o ca cc cy cc c biu sng tng t. Biu sng

trung bnh c ly lm biu c trng ca cc cy cc th nghim.

8.2.3 Phn tch s liu o

Vic phn tch s liu o c thc hin cho tng cy cc th nghim theo trnh t sau:

8
 TCXDVN 359: 2005

a) So snh dng ca biu sng vn tc ca mi cy cc vi biu sng c trng, t xc

nh cc cy cc nghi ng c khuyt tt th hin bi sng phn x cng hng vi sng ban
u trong khong su t u cc ti mi cc;

b) Xc nh du hiu ca phn x t mi cc;

c) C th nh gi cc khng c khuyt tt khi p ng cc iu kin:

- Khng xy ra thay i t ngt ca bin sng cng hng vi sng ban u t cc

su nh hn su mi cc;

- Sng phn x t mi cc c quan st r.

d) Trng hp quan st thy sng phn x t cc su nh hn chiu di cc theo cng hng

vi sng ban u v phn x t mi cc khng quan st c th cy cc c kh nng c
khuyt tt su:

ct
x=
2 (1)

trong :

x l khong cch t u cc n su pht sinh phn x cng hng vi sng vn tc

ban u, m;

t l khong thi gian k t khi xung tc ng vo u cc n khi sng phn x tr li u

cc, s;

c l vn tc truyn sng trong cc, m/s, xc nh theo phng php trnh by trong ph lc B.
8.3 Phn tch theo phng php ng x nhanh: Phng php ny phn tch s liu o vn tc v
xung lc theo tn s (xem ph lc A). Vic phn tch c thc hin theo cc bc t 8.3.1 v 8.3.2.

8.3.1 Biu din s liu o

Kt qu o c th hin di dng biu quan h gia dn np, M , v tn s dao ng,

f (Hnh 3).

Hnh 3 - Biu dn np ca cc

9
TCXDVN 359: 2005

8.3.2 Phn tch s liu o

Vic phn tch s liu o c thc hin cho tng cy cc th nghim theo trnh t sau:

a) Quan st biu dn np ca cc, xc nh cc tn s tri cch u;

b) Xc nh cc tn s ng vi cc cc tr nu trn v ;

e) Tnh ton su pht sinh sng phn x theo cng thc:

c
x=
2f (2)

trong :

f l chnh lch v tn s gia 2 tn s tri lin tip, Hz;

c v x c ngha nh trong cng thc (1).

8.4 Phn tch theo phng php "tn hiu ph hp": S liu o c th c phn tch bng phn
mm theo thut ton tn hiu ph hp nh lng mc khuyt tt ca cc (xem ph lc A).
Cn kt hp kt qu phn tch bng phng php ny vi cc thng tin v thit k v thi cng cc v
iu kin t nn nh gi mc nguyn vn ca cc.

9. Bo co kt qu th nghim
9.1 Bo co kt qu th nghim cn cung cp thng tin lin quan n cng trnh xy dng, phng
php th nghim, cc c im ca cc th nghim, s liu o, nh gi nguyn vn ca cc v
cc kin ngh (nu c).

9.2 Cc thng tin vn tt v cng trnh xy dng, bao gm tn ca cng trnh, a im xy dng, qui
m cng trnh, gii php nn mng, iu kin a cht cng trnh, v.v.

9.3 Cc thng tin vn tt v th nghim ng bin dng nh, bao gm nguyn l ca phng php,
thit b th nghim, qui trnh th nghim v phng php nh gi s liu.

9.4. Cc thng tin v cc th nghim gm:

a) S hiu cc th nghim v v tr cc trn mt bng cng trnh;

b) ng knh tit din v chiu di cc th nghim, cu to cc, v tr cc mi ni trong trng

hp th nghim cc ch to sn;

c) Cng ngh thi cng cc;

d) Thi gian thi cng cc: Ngy b tng (i vi cc nhi), ngy h cc (i vi cc ch to

sn);

e) Qu trnh thi cng cc, cc du hiu bt thng pht hin c trong qu trnh thi cng cc;

f) Thi gian th nghim kim tra cc bng phng php ng bin dng nh;

g) Kt qu th nghim kim tra cc bng cc phng php khc (nu c).

9.5 S liu o cn c th hin di dng biu vn tc ti u cc v biu xung lc (nu c).

10
 TCXDVN 359: 2005

9.6 Kt qu phn tch nn c th hin di dng biu . Nu phn tch theo tn s nn th hin
biu dn np cn khi phn tch theo phng php tn hiu ph hp nn trnh by biu ca
khng tr ca cc.

9.7 Kt lun v tnh trng khuyt tt ca cc th nghim cn nu r su nghi ng c khuyt tt,

nhn xt v mc khuyt tt v cc kin ngh (nu c).

11
TCXDVN 359: 2005

Ph lc A
(Tham kho)

Gii thiu nguyn l ca phng php ng bin dng nh

A.1 Nguyn l ca phng php

Khi th nghim ng bin dng nh, xung lc do ba p ln u cc to ra sng ng sut lan
truyn theo thn cc xung pha mi cc vi vn tc truyn sng c, trong c2 = E/ l hm s ca
m-un n hi cc, E, v t trng ca vt liu cc, . Trong qu trnh lan truyn xung pha mi
cc, s thay i ca khng tr trn thn cc l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh lm sng ng
sut phn x tr li u cc. V s bin ng ca khng tr l do nhng bin ng ca din tch tit
din hoc bin ng ca tnh cht vt liu cc gy ra nn sng phn hi ghi nhn c trong qu
trnh th nghim bin dng nh mang thng tin v nhng bin ng nu trn. Nh vy nguyn l ca
phng php th nghim ng bin dng nh l s dng l thuyt truyn sng ng sut phn tch
sng phn x o c khi th nghim, qua xc nh su v d bo mc khuyt tt ca cc.

A.2 Xc nh su v d bo mc khuyt tt
A.2.1 Ni dung ca phng php phn tch phn hi xung
Hnh A.1 m t qu trnh truyn sng trong cy cc c khuyt tt. Khong thi gian k t khi ba p
vo u cc ti khi sng phn x tr li u cc ph thuc vo tc truyn sng, c, v su gp
2x
t=
bin ng ca khng tr, x, xc nh theo quan h c .

Hnh A.1 - Qu trnh truyn sng trong cc

Trn biu vn tc ti u cc c th xc nh c thi gian, t, trong khi vn tc truyn sng

trong cc, c, c th xc nh theo phng php ca ph lc B. T c th xc nh su gp
khuyt tt ca cc theo cng thc:

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 TCXDVN 359: 2005

ct
x=
2 (A.1)
Trong phng php phn hi xung, mc khuyt tt ca cc ch c th c nh gi nh tnh
trn c s quan st bin sng phn x. C th tham kho cc biu th hin dng c trng
ca vn tc ti u cc tng ng vi mt s iu kin khc nhau ca t nn v cy cc nhn
dng khuyt tt (xem ph lc C).
A.2.2 Ni dung ca phng php phn tch ng x nhanh
thc hin phn tch theo phng php ng x nhanh cn ng thi o xung lc v vn tc ti
u cc. dn np M ( f ) xc nh bng t s gia bin vn tc v lc theo tn s.

i vi cc cy cc c khuyt tt, trn biu dn np quan st c cc cc tr cch u.

su gp khuyt tt xc nh theo iu 8.3 ca tiu chun.

Phng php phn tch ng x nhanh khng cho php d bo nh lng mc khuyt tt ca
cc.
A.2.3 Ni dung ca phng php tn hiu ph hp
Vic nh lng mc khuyt tt ca cc c th c thc hin theo phng php "tn hiu
ph hp". y l phng php s, trong ban u lc tc dng ln u cc cng vi mt tp hp
ca thng s v nn t c s dng tnh ton biu vn tc ti u cc. Sau khi so snh biu
vn tc tnh ton vi biu vn tc o c ti u cc, c th xc nh nhng iu chnh cn
thit i vi m hnh cc v nn gi nh ban u p dng trong ln tnh ton tip theo. Qu
trnh iu chnh m hnh v tnh ton c lp li cho ti khi biu vn tc tnh ton ph hp vi
biu vn tc o c. nh gi mc khuyt tt c thc hin trn c s m hnh cc v nn
to ra biu vn tc tnh ton tho mn iu kin nu trn. Vic tnh ton c thc hin bng mt
s phn mm nh PIWAP, TNOWAVE, PITBP, v.v. Kt qu phn tch c th biu din di dng t
Z2
=
s Z 1 , trong Z 1 v Z 2 ln lt l khng tr ca tit din cc bnh thng v ca tit din c
khuyt tt. C th tham kho ch tiu phn loi mc h hng ca cc trnh by trong bng A.1.

Bng A.1 - nh gi mc h hng ca cc theo h s

Mc khuyt tt
H s

1,0 Cc nguyn vn

0,81,0 H hng nh

0,60,8 H hng

<0,6 t gy

Khi s dng phng php "tn hiu ph hp" d bo mc khuyt tt cn lu l tin cy

ca kt qu phn tch cn thp do phng php ny cn nhiu hn ch v thit b th nghim,
phng php o v thut ton. Ch nn coi d bo mc khuyt tt nh mt trong nhng thng tin
tham kho khi xem xt nh gi mc khuyt tt ca cc. i vi trng hp cc c ng knh
tit din ln cn lu b tr u o nh yu cu trong iu 7.1.4 ca tiu chun ny m bo
tin cy ca kt qu tnh ton.

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TCXDVN 359: 2005

Ph lc B
(Tham kho)

Xc nh vn tc truyn sng
B.1 Vn tc truyn sng dc trc cc ph thuc v tnh cht c hc ca vt liu cc. C th xc nh
vn tc truyn sng t thc nghim hoc theo l thuyt.

B.2 Trng hp bit chiu di cc v xc nh c sng phn x t mi cc, vn tc truyn sng

xc nh theo cng thc:

2L p
c=
t p (B.1)

trong :

L p l chiu di cc, m;

t p l khong thi gian k t khi xung tc ng vo u cc n khi sng phn x t

mi tr li u cc, s;

Ghi ch:

i vi on cc ch to sn vi chiu di L p , c th xc nh vn tc truyn sng trc khi

h cc bng cch to xung lc dc trc xc nh thi gian t p , t tnh ton c theo cng thc
B.1.

B.3 Nu xc nh c m un n hi, E , v dung trng, , ca vt liu cc th c th tnh ton

E
c=
theo cng thc ;
B.4 Nu khng iu kin xc nh vn tc truyn sng theo phng php trnh by B.2 v B.3,
c th ly gn ng c (3800 4000) m / s i vi cc b tng ct thp v c 5000 m / s i vi
cc thp.

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 TCXDVN 359: 2005

Ph lc C
(Tham kho)
Mt s dng in hnh biu vn tc

Dng ca biu vn tc ph thuc vo sc khng ca t nn v s thay i ca khng tr

dc theo thn cc. Trong ph lc ny trnh by mt s dng biu vn tc tiu biu ng vi cc
trng hp cy cc nh sau:

1. Cc khng c khuyt tt (hnh C.1);

2. Cc c khng tr t ngt gim gn u cc (hnh C.2);

3. Cc c khng tr t ngt gim di su (hnh C.3);

4. Cc c khng tr t ngt tng di su (hnh C.4).

Trong mi trng hp ca cc, mc bin ng ca khng tr cng nh sc khng ca t

nn c tng dn t mc thp n mc cao. nh hng ca mc bin ng khng tr v
sc khng ca t nn i vi biu vn tc nh sau:
1. Trong cng iu kin v t nn, mc bin ng ca khng tr trong cc cng cao
th bin ca sng phn x cng ln;

2. Trong cng iu kin v mc bin ng ca khng tr, sc khng ca t nn cng

cao th bin ca sng phn x cng nh.

15
 Mi cc
Sc khng ca t nn T do Ngm

Cao

Thp

Hnh C.1 - Biu vn tc ca cc khng c khuyt tt

16
 TCXDVN 359: 2005

Mc thay i khng tr
Sc khng
ca t nn Thp Trung bnh Cao

Cao

Thp

Hnh C.2 - Biu vn tc ca cc c khng tr gim t ngt gn u cc

17
TCXDVN 359: 2005

Mc thay i khng tr
Sc khng ca t
nn Thp Trung bnh Cao

Cao

Th
p

Hnh C.3 - Biu vn tc ca cc c khng tr gim t ngt di su

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 TCXDVN 359: 2005

Mc thay i khng tr
Sc khng
ca t nn Thp Trung bnh Cao

Cao

Thp

Hnh C.4 - Biu vn tc ca cc c khng tr tng t ngt di su

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 Ph lc D
(Tham kho)
Mt s thit b th nghim ng bin dng nh
hin nay ang s dng Vit Nam

Tnh nng ca mt s thit b chuyn dng cho th nghim kim tra khuyt tt ca cc bng
phng php ng bin dng nh hin nay ang c s dng Vit Nam c tm tt trong
bng D.1.

Bng D.1 Mt s thit b th nghim chuyn dng hin ang c s dng Vit Nam

TT Tn thit b Xut x Tnh nng k thut chnh

1 IFCO IT-System IFCO, - S dng 2 u o gia tc Bruel & Kjaer
H Lan - C kh nng lu gi s liu o 10000 cc
- C th th nghim cc di cng trnh thi cng
2 PDI PIT Collector PDI, M - S dng 1 u o gia tc
- Ba c hoc khng gn u o lc (tu chn)
3 SE/IR-1 OLSON, - S dng 1 u o gia tc hoc 1 u o vn tc
M
- Ba c gn u o lc
4 MIM P15 Php - S dng 1 u o vn tc
- Ba c gn u o lc

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