HYDRAULIC JACK

AIM:-
To Prove Pascal Law

Apparatus:-
1. Rectangular Wooden Plank.
2. 4 Long wooden columns.
3. C.D.
4. Glue.
5. Syringe (1 big and 2 small )
6. Copper wire.
7. Ball bearing.
8. Refill.
9. Plastic Pipe.
10. Mug of Water.

Theory:-
Pascal's law or the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure (also
Pascal's Principle) is a principle in fluid mechanics that states that a pressure
change occurring anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted
throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs everywhere. The law
was established by French mathematician Blaise Pascal.
 Pascal's principle is defined as:-

A change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest is transmitted

undiminished to all points in the fluid.

In 1859, inventor Richard Dudgeon was granted a patent for a "portable

hydraulic press" - the hydraulic jack, a jack which proved to be vastly superior
to the screw jacks in use at the time.

Hydraulic jacks are typically used for shop work, rather than as an emergency
jack to be carried with the vehicle. Use of jacks not designed for a specific
vehicle requires more than the usual care in selecting ground conditions, the
jacking point on a vehicle, and to ensure stability when the jack is extended.
Hydraulic jacks are often used to lift elevators in low and medium rise
buildings.

A hydraulic jack uses a liquid, which is incompressible, that is forced into a

cylinder by a pump plunger. Oil is used since it is self lubricating and stable.
When the plunger pulls back, it draws oil out of the reservoir through a
 suction check valve into the pump chamber. When the plunger moves
forward, it pushes the oil through a discharge check valve into the cylinder.
The suction valve ball is within the chamber and opens with each draw of the
plunger. The discharge valve ball is outside the chamber and opens when the
oil is pushed into the cylinder. At this point the suction ball within the
chamber is forced shut and oil pressure builds in the cylinder.

In a floor jack (aka 'trolley jack') a horizontal piston pushes on the short end
of a bellcrank, with the long arm providing the vertical motion to a lifting pad,
kept horizontal with a horizontal linkage. Floor jacks usually include castors
and wheels, allowing compensation for the arc taken by the lifting pad. This
mechanism provides a low profile when collapsed, for easy maneuvering
underneath the vehicle, while allowing considerable extension.

Figure:-
PROCEDURE:-
1. Stick 2 columns on top of the base at the edge by applying strong adhesive
these should act as pillar for big syringe ensure that gap between them is
wide enough for the syringe.

2. Now place the other two planks on the other side of the column.

3. Now take 2 small syringes and insert ball bearing in them and make 1/5cm
Hole near its mouth of 1 syringe and make cm hole near mouth of another
syringe.
4. Now comes the assembly take the syringe with smaller hole and insert 2 inch
refill to it now take 2nd syringe and insert a 6 inch plastic tube into its hole
now 6 inch tube is attached to the mouth of 1st syringe.
 5. Now we will be inserting an 8 inch plastic tube to these refill later on in this
assembly now insert a two inch refill to hole of first syringe insert a 6 inch
tube to hole of the 2nd syringe attach these 6 inch tube to mouth of 1st
syringe .

6. Now take the 2nd syringe with its mouth open and attach a foot long plastic
tube into its mouth this syringe is a pump and this too will be inserted in a
mug of water later place that arrangement on the columns and tie this small
syringes with copper wire to both columns.

7. Now take second syringe as we can see we have attached long pipe to refill
insert this long pipe between the two spokes and tie syringe with another
copper wire.

8. Now attach long pipe of small syringe to the mouth of big syringe once this is
finished attach a C.D on the upper part of big syringe our hydraulic jack will
be ready to lift heavy objects.

Application:-
Hydraulic jack and cylinders are the most commonly used in heavy
industry and power equipment that require tremendous power to
operate.
You can find these hydraulic jacks in all types of heavy machinery and
vehicles such as excavators, forklifts, elevators and excavators etc.
These hydraulic cylinders are also found in household appliances and
door frames, cars, motorcycles, etc. and other it became clear that these
hydraulic jack provide a lot more functionality in terms of comfort and
ease.
In the operation of a hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic jack design has an
important role.
 If you have a business which involves loading and unloading heavy
parts, one can understand the importance of these hydraulic cylinders
with ease.
A simple example is the car of the hydraulic jack that uses a hydraulic
manipulation of the back door of his car.

Conclusion:-

Hence by constructing hydraulic jack we can easily understand the concept of

Pascals law and its application easily.

Reference:-
1. http://quality-castings.blogspot.in/2011/06/various-applications-of-
hydraulic-jack.

2. http://www.slideshare.net/ROHITKUMARRANA1/project-ppt-on-
hydraulic-jack?qid=0380cc29-5fed-40cc-9dae-
b53bc0e032d1&v=&b=&from_search=1

3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdBbU6u0Sl8.