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TM HIU V CNG NGH SDN

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PHN 1 : GII THIU

Hin nay nhu cu v ng dng ca cc end-user ang ngy cng gia tng, ko
theo l nhu cu khc nhau ca ngi dng v mng kt ni. Mng cn phi p
ng vic thay i nhanh chng cc thng s v tr , bng thng, nh tuyn, bo
mt theo cc yu cu ca cc ng dng. Thm vo na l s pht trin ca IoT ,
nhu cu v tnh m rng, cng nh linh hot ca h thng mng kt ni cng ngy
cng quan trng. Trong khi kin trc mng truyn thng khng p ng c nhng
yu cu thay i .

T chc phi li nhun ONF (Open Networking Foundation ) , c thnh lp


bi cc cng ty cung cp dch v internet , h thng mng hng u trn th gii
nh ngha cng ngh SDN nh l gii php cung cp mt h thng mng p ng
nhng yu cu mi trn. SDN l mt kin trc linh hot, d qun l , hiu sut cao v
thnh nghi tt , khin cng ngh ny l tng cho cc ng dng i hi bng thng
cao v cn s linh hot .

tng chnh ca cng ngh ny xut pht t vic tch bit mt phng iu
khin (Control Plane) ra khi mt phng d liu (Data Plane) trong cc thit b chuyn
tip ca h thng mng truyn thng nh Router, Switch. T chuyn mt phng
iu khin ca cc thit b chuyn tip trong h thng mng v mt mt b iu khin
tp trung ring , gi l Controller. B iu khin ny c th nhn thy ton b mng
li , v do cho php cc nh qun tr h thng mng c th thc hin cc chnh
sch nh tuyn ti u h thng. Cc b iu khin tng tc vi cc thit b mng
thng qua mt giao thc chun c nh ngha ring. C th k n giao thc nh
OpenFlow, ONOS, ForCES, PCEP, NETCONF, SNMP. Trong th giao thc
OpenFlow c chun ha v s dng rng ri nht.

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Vi SDN, vic qun tr h thng mng c th c thc hin thng qua mt


giao din duy nht, tri ngc vi vic cu hnh mi thit b mng phn tn nh
trong kin trc mng truyn thng. Cng ngh mi ny ha hn mang li li ch to
ln, t vic gim chi ph cho vic trin khai v vn hnh mng li.

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PHN 2 : KIN TRC

Kin trc ca SDN gm ba lp ring bit : lp ng dng (Application Layer) ,


lp iu khin (Control Layer) v lp c s h tng (Infrastructure Layer) .

Hnh 1. Kin trc ca SDN

Lp ng dng : l cc ng dng kinh doanh c trin khai trn mng, c


kt ni ti lp iu khin thng qua cc API (Application Program Interface), cung
cp kh nng cho php lp ng dng lp trnh li (cu hnh li ) mng (iu chnh cc
tham s tr, bng thng , nh tuyn ) thng qua lp iu khin.

Lp iu khin : l ni tp trung cc b iu khin thc hin vic iu khin


cu hnh mng theo yu cu t lp ng dng v kh nng ca mng. Cc b iu
khin ny c th l cc phn mm c lp trnh. Ngoi ra truyn thng iu khin
lp c s h tng, lp iu khin s dng cc c ch nh OpenFlow, ONOS, ForCES,
PCEP, NETCONF, SNMP hoc thng qua cc c ch c bit. B iu khin SDN
c xy dng nh l mt loi h iu hnh (Operating System) cho mng.

Lp c s h tng : l cc thit b mng thc t (vt l hoc o ha ) thc hin


vic chuyn tip gi tin theo s iu khin ca lp iu khin. Mt thit b mng c
th hot ng theo s iu khin ca nhiu b iu khin khc nhau, iu ny gip
tng cng kh nng o ha ca mng.

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Vi kin trc nh trn, SDN cung cp cc kh nng :

- Lp iu khin c th c lp trnh trc tip.


- Mng c iu chnh, thay i mt cch nhanh chng thng qua vic thay i
trn lp iu khin.
- Mng c iu chnh , thay i mt cch nhanh chng thng qua vic thay i
trn lp iu khin.
- Mng c qun l tp trung do phn iu khin c tp trung trn lp iu
khin.
- Cu hnh lp c s h tng c th c lp trnh trn lp ng dng v truyn
t xung cc lp di.

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PHN 3 : U IM NHC IM.

Vi nhng tnh nng mi, SDN em li cc li ch sau :

- Gim CapEx (Capital expenditure chi phi vn): SDN gip gim thiu cc yu
cu mua phn cng theo mc ch xy dng cc dch v, phn cng mng trn
c s ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit), v h tr m hnh pay-
as-you-grow (tr nhng g bn dng) loi b lng ph cho vic d phng.
- Gim OpEx (operating expense chi ph vn hnh) : thng qua cc phn t
mng c gia tng kh nng lp trnh, SDN gip d dng thit k, trin
khai , qun l v m rng mng. Kh nng phi hp v d phng t ng
khng nhng gim thi gian qun l tng th, m cn gim xc sut li do con
ngi ti vic ti u kh nng v tin cy ca dch v.
- Truyn ti nhanh chng v linh hot : gip cc t chc trin khai nhanh hn cc
ng dng , cc dch v v c s h tng nhanh chng t c cc mc tiu
kinh doanh.
- Cho php thay i : cho php cc t chc to mi cc kiu ng dng , dch v
v m hnh kinh doanh , c th to ra cc lung doanh thu mi v nhiu gi
tr hn t mng.
- M ra c hi cho cc nh cung cp lp t thit b trung gian khi phn iu
khin c tch ri khi phn cng.

Tuy nhin , i km vi l nhng hn ch :

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- Do l kin trc mi, vi quan im tch bit hon ton so vi cc kin trc
mng truyn thng hin c, nn vic p dng, trin khai vo thc t cn mt
khong cch nht nh.
- Vic tng thch gia cc mng vi kin trc SDN v mng kin trc truyn
thng trong qu trnh trin khai cc m hnh ng dng mi.
- Do iu khin tp trung nn s gp phi cc vn v an ninh , bo mt cng
nh vn hnh khai thc, m vi cc kin trc mng truyn thng khng gp
phi.

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PHN 4 : NG DNG V CC M HNH TRIN KHAI.

ng dng ca SDN

Vi nhng li ch m mnh m li, SDN c th trin khai trong phm vi cc doanh


nghip , hoc trong c cc nh cung cp h tng v dch v vin thng gii quyt
cc yu cu ca cc nh cung cp ti mi phn khc th trng.

1. Phm vi doanh nghip :


a. p dng trong mng doanh nghip :

M hnh tp trung, iu khin v d phng t ng ca SDN h tr vic hi t d


liu , voice , video, cng nh l vic truy cp ti bt k thi im no, bt k u.
iu ny c thc hin thng qua vic cho php nhn vin IT thc thi chnh sch
nht qun trn c c s h tng khng dy v c dy. Hn na, SDN h tr vic
qun l v gim st t ng ti nguyn mng, xc nh bng cc h s c nhn v
cc yu cu ca ng dng, m bo ti u tri nghim ngi dng vi kh nng
ca mng.

b. p dng trong Data Center :

Vic o ha cc thc th mng ca kin trc SDN cho php m rng trong DC, di
c t ng cc my o, tch hp cht ch hn vi kho lu tr , s dng server tt
hn, s dng nng lng thp hn, v ti u bng thng.

c. p dng i vi dch v Cloud :

Khi c s dng h tr mt mi trng m my ring hoc tch hp, SDN


cho php cc ti nguyn mng c cp pht theo phng thc linh hot cao , cho
php d phng nhanh cc dch v m may v hand-off linh hot hn vi cc nh
cung cp m my bn ngoi. Vi cc cng c qun l an ton cc mng o ca
mnh, cc doanh nghip v cc n v kinh doanh s tin vo cc dch v m my
hn.

2. Phm vi cc nh cung cp h tng v dch v vin thng :

SDN cung cp cho cc nh mng , cc nh cung cp m my cng cng , v cc


nh cung cp dch v , s m rng v t ng cn thit trin khai mt m hnh
tnh ton c ch cho ITaaS (IT-as-a-Service). iu ny c thc hin thng qua
vic n gin ha trin khai cc dch v ty chn v theo yu cu , cng vi vic
chuyn di sang m hnh selfservice . M hnh tp trung , d phng v iu khin
t ng ca SDN d dng h tr cho thu linh hot ti nguyn, m bo ti nguyn
mng c trin khai ti u, gim CapEx v OpEx, tng gi tr v tc dch v.

Cc m hnh trin khai

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i vi vic trin khai thc t ca SDN, ba m hnh khc nhau c th c tip


cn : switch-based, overlay v hybird .

Vi m hnh switch-based : th mng SDN s c xy dng trn cc phn t


mng c h tr giao thc v kin trc SDN. Vic ny ng ngha vi vic l cc
Vendor phi sn xut cc thit b c h tr cc giao thc mi theo kin trc SDN v
xy dng mt h thng mng mi, hot ng c lp, song song vi mng c. i theo
xu hng ny, c th k n cc d n ca HP, Cisco

Vi m hnh Overlay network : mng che ph

Mt mng che ph c nh ngha l mt my tnh hoc mt mng lu tr


c xy dng trn mt mng khc v c kt ni bng cc kt ni o hoc kt ni
tht. Trong nh ngha ca SDN, th mt overlay network s dng cc lin kt o
(virtual link) kt ni vi mng vt l bn di. (v d nh cc thit b ethernet
switch, hay router) . Vi vic trin khai SDN, mng SDN c th c xy dng nh
mt mng logic (vd vi mt my ch), hoc thng dng hn nh mt lp ph trn cc
mng ethernet vt l hin c bao gm cc thit b chuyn mch v nh tuyn. Cc
mng vt l th rt hiu qu trong vic chuyn mch tc cao. Tuy nhin , thch
thc ln nht m SDN ang c gng mang li l lm cho mng tr nn linh hot hn
n c th p ng nhanh chng vi nhng thay i v yu cu ca mng li. C
th ban u , a s vic trin khai SDN l ci thin s linh hot ca mt mng vt
l hin ti, iu ny s lm cho n thnh mt mng ph SDN. Sau ny, khi cng ngh
pht trin , c th trin khai cc giao thc thun SDN ca chnh mng .

Link tham kho (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlay_network)

Vi m hnh hybrid SDN : mng lai SDN

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Mng lai SDN c hiu nh l mt mng mang c kin trc truyn thng v
cc giao thc SDN cng hot ng trn mt mi trng chung. Mt mng SDN
Hybrid c th gip cc k s mng gii thiu cc cng ngh SDN mi nh OpenFlow
ti cc mi trng k tha m khng cn phi ci t hon chnh kin trc mng hin
c. Trong mt mng hybrid SDN , cc k s c th chy cc cng ngh SDN v cc
giao thc chuyn i tiu chun ng thi trn phn cng vt l. Ngi qun l mng
c th nh cu hnh mt phng iu khin SDN pht hin v kim sot lu lng
truy cp nht nh trong khi cc giao thc mng truyn thng, phn tn tip tc ch
o phn cn li ca lu lng truy cp trn mng.

Chun OpenFlow v1.3 bao gm cc k thut cho cc tng tc gia OpenFlow


v non OpenFlow cho php sm chuyn i SDN. N ch nh hai loi switch ph
hp OpenFlow: OpenFlow thun v hybrid. Thit b chuyn mch OpenFlow Hybrid
h tr cng ngh chuyn mch Ethernet truyn thng v OpenFlow. Nhiu nh cung
cp phn cng mng b sung h tr phn cng cho thit b chuyn mch v b nh
tuyn ca h cung cp kh nng chy chng trong ch lai.

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