CHNG VI.

KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH V NHM

A MT S VN L THUYT CN NM VNG
1. Kim loi kim (IA): Li, Na, Rb, Cs, Fr
2. Kim loi kim th (IIA): Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
3. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca IA, IIA: ns1, ns2
4. Tnh kh: IA, IIA u c tnh kh (IIA kh yu hn IA), v tng theo chiu Z tng : M Mn+ + ne (n = 1, 2).
Tt c cc kim loi hai nhm ny u tc dng vi phi kim, H2O (tr Be), dung dch axit.
5. S oxi ho: trong cc hp cht IA, IIA c s oxi ho +1, +2.
6. iu ch IA, IIA: s dng phng php in phn nng chy
n
MX n
pnc
M + X2 (X = halogen).
2
4MOH pnc
4M + O2 + 2H2O
7. Tnh cht ca mt s hiroxit
- NaOH, Ca(OH)2 c y tnh cht ca mt dd baz nh lm qu tm ho xanh, tdng vi axit, oxit axit, mui.
- Khi cho CO2, SO2, P2O5 hay axit H2S, H3PO4 vo dd baz, xnh mui sinh ra, ta nn dng cthc pt ca cc
mui xc nh t l gia s mol nguyn t kim loi vi s mol nguyn t phi kim trong oxit axit (axit)
8. iu ch baz tan: s dng pphp phn ddch mui tng ng vi in cc tr, c mng ngn hai in cc.
2NaCl + 2H2O pdd 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2
(nu khng c mng ngn : 2NaOH + Cl2 NaCl + NaClO + H2O)
9. S lc v mui cacbonat v hirocacbonat
- NaHCO3, Ca(HCO3)2 lng tnh, km bn vi nhit
HCO3- + H+ H2O + CO2
HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O
0
Ca(HCO3)2 t CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
- Na2CO3 d tan trong nc, mang gn nh y tnh cht chung ca mui nh tc dng vi dung dch axit mnh,
baz mnh, hay dung dch mui khc.
- CaCO3 b nhit phn, tan trong axit mnh, v tan c trong nc c ho tan CO2
0
CaCO3 t CaO + CO2
CaCO3 + H2O + CO 2
Ca(HCO3)2
0 0
- KNO3, Ca(NO3)2 b phn hu t > 330 C thnh mui nitrit v oxi
0 1
KNO3 t KNO2 + O2
2
t0
Ca(NO3)2 Ca(NO2)2 + O2
10. Nc cng
- Nc cng l nc cha nhiu ion Ca2+, Mg2+. Nc cng tm thi cha mui Ca(HCO3)2 hay Mg(HCO3)2. Nc
cng vnh cu cha mui clorua hay sunfat ca Ca2+ hay Mg2+ (CaCl2, MgCl2, CaSO4, MgSO4).
- Nguyn tc lm mm nc cng l lm gim nng cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+ trong nc cng.
- Cch lm mm nc cng tm thi: un, dng baz tan, dd Na2CO3.
- Cch lm mm nc cng vnh cu dng Na2CO3 hoc Na3PO4.
11. Nhm
- V tr Al trong bng tun hon: 13, chu k 3, nhm IIIA.
- Nhm c tnh kh mnh (Al Al3+ + 3e) nhng km kim loi nhm IA, IIA.
- Vt bng nhm bn trong khng kh, H2O v trn b mt nhm c ph kn mt lp Al2O3 bo v.
- Nhm b ph hu trong kim, tham gia phn ng nhit nhm.
- Al2O3, Al(OH)3 lng tnh.
- in phn Al2O3 nng chy (khng th in phn nng chy AlCl3) iu ch Al kim loi.

B - MT S PHN NG HO HC THNG GP

Nguyn Vn Kha 1 THCS TT Yn M

 CHNG VI. KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH V NHM

1 0 24. 2Al2O3 pnc 4Al + 3O2

1. 2Na + O2 t Na2O pdd
2 25. 2NaCl + 2H2O coma
ng nga
n 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2
1 0
26. NaOH + CO2 NaHCO3
2. Mg + O2 t MgO
2 27. Ca(OH)2 + 2CO2 Ca(HCO3)2
3 28. 2NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 + H2O
O t0
3. 2Al + 2 Al2O3 29. Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O
2 30. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
1 t0
31. 2NaOH + CuSO4 Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2
4. K + Cl2 KCl
2 32. Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 2NaOH + CaCO3
0

5. Ca + Cl2
0 33. 2NaHCO3 t Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
t CaCl2
34. Ca(HCO3)2 t0 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
3 0
6. Al + Cl2 t AlCl3 0
2 35. Mg(HCO3)2 t MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O
1 36. NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O
7. Na + HCl NaCl + H2 37. NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
2
8. Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 38. Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
39. CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
3
9. Al + 3HCl AlCl3 + H2 40. CaCO3 + H2O + CO
2
Ca(HCO3)2
2
0
10. 4Mg + 10HNO3 long 4Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O 41. CaCO3 t CaO + CO2
0
11. Al + 4HNO3 c t Al(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O 42. 2KNO3
0
t 2KNO2 + O2
12. 4Mg + 5H2SO4 c 4MgSO4 + H2S + 4H2O t0
0 43. 2KNO3 + 3C + S N2 + 3CO2 + K2S
13. 2Al + 6H2SO4 c t Al2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O 0

14. 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 44. Ca(NO3)2 t Ca(NO2)2 + O2

15. Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2 45. 2Mg(NO3)2 t
0
2MgO + 4NO2 + O2
16. 2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2
46. Ca(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + 2H2O
17. 2Na + 2H2O + CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 + H2
47. Ca(HCO3)2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaHCO3
18. Mg + CuSO4 MgSO4 + Cu
0
48. Mg(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl MgCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
19. 2Al + Fe2O3 t Al2O3 + 2Fe 49. Mg2+ + HPO42- + NH3 MgNH4PO4
20. 2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2O 2Na[Al(OH)4] + 3H2 (mu trng)
21. 2NaCl pnc 2Na + Cl2 50. Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
51. Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O 2Na[Al(OH)4]
pnc
1 52. Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O
22. 2NaOH 2Na + O2 + H2O
2 53. Al(OH)3 + NaOH Na[Al(OH)4]
23. MgCl2 pnc Mg + Cl2 54. AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
0
55. 2Al(OH)3 t Al2O3 + 3H2O

C- BI TP TRC NGHIM
I- BI TP C BN
Cu 1 Cation M+ c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. M+ l cation:
A. Ag+.B.Cu+. C. Na+. D. K+.
Cu 2 Tnh cht khng phi ca kim loi kim l
A. C nhit nchy thp nht trong tt c kim loi. B. C s oxi ho +1 trong cc hp cht.
C. Kim loi kim c tnh kh mnh. D. cng cao.
Cu 3 Nng phn trm ca dung dch to thnh khi ho tan 7,8 gam kali kim loi vo 36,2 gam nc l
A. 25,57%. B. 12,79%. C. 25,45%. D. 12,72%.
Cu 4 in phn mui clorua kim loi kim nng chy thu c 0,04 mol kh anot v 3,12 gam kim loi catot.
Cng thc phn t ca mui kim loi kim l
A. KCl. B. NaCl. C. LiCl. D. RbCl.

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 CHNG VI. KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH V NHM

Cu 5 Cho 200g CaCO3 tc dng hon ton vi dung dch H2SO4 long ly kh CO2 sc vo dung dch cha 60g
NaOH. Khi lng mui natri thu c l
A. 126g. B. 12,6g. C. 168g. D. 16,8g.
Cu 6 Cho 197g BaCO3 tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl ly kh CO2 sc vo dung dch cha 84g KOH.
Khi lng mui thu c l
A.119g. B. 50g. C.69g. D. 11,9g.
Cu 7 Nung 100g hn hp gm Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 cho n khi khi lng ca hn hp khng i c 69g cht
rn. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Na2CO3 v NaHCO3 ln lt l
A. 84% ; 16%. B. 16% ; 84%. C. 32% ; 68%. D. 68% ; 32%.
Cu 8 Cho 3,1g hn hp 2 kim loi kim hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng tun hon tc dng ht vi nc thu
c 1,12 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch kim. Khi lng kim l
A. 48g. B. 4,8g. C. 24g. D. 2,4g.
Cu 9 Dung dch mui c pH > 7 l
A. KCl. B. NH4Cl. C. NaHSO4 . D. Na2CO3.
Cu 10 Cho a mol NO2 hp th hon ton vo dung dch cha a mol NaOH. Dung dch thu c c pH
A. pH > 7. B. pH < 7. C. pH = 7. D. pH = 5,25.
Cu11 Cho 2,8g CaO tc dng vi mt lng nc d thu c dung dch X. Sc 1,68 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo dung
dch X, khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 2,5g. B. 4,05g. C. 6,55g. D. 7,5g.
Cu 12 Ho tan hon ton 1,44g kim loi ho tr II trong 150ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M. trung ho axit d phi
dng ht 30ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Kim loi l
A. Ba. B. Mg. C. Ca. D. Be.
Cu 13 Khi ly 14,25g mui clorua ca mt kim loi ho tr II v mt lng mui nitrat ca kim loi c s mol
bng s mol mui clorua th thy khc nhau 7,95g. Kim loi l
A. Ba. B. Ca. C. Mg. D. Be.
Cu 14 Cho 4,0 gam kim loi nhm IIA tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl to ra 11,1 gam mui clorua. Kim loi l
A. Be. B. Mg. C. Ca . D. Ba.
Cu 15 Ho tan 8,2g Hhp CaCO3 v MgCO3 trog nc cn 2,016 l CO2 (ktc). S g CaCO3 v MgCO3 ln lt l
A. 4 v 4,2. B. 4,2 v 4. C. 3,36 v 4,48. D. 4,48 v 3,36.
Cu 16 Cho 2,84g hn hp CaCO3 v MgCO3 tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 0,03 mol kh CO2. Thnh
phn % theo khi lng ca CaCO3 v MgCO3 trong hn hp ln lt l
A. 70,4% v 29,6%. B. 29,6% v 70,4%. C. 59,15% v 40,85%. D. 40,85% v 59,15%.
Cu17 C 5 cht bt trng l: NaCl,Na2CO3 ,Na2SO4 , BaCO3 ,BaSO4 .Ch dg nc v kh CO2 pbit c s cht l
A. 2. B. 3 C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 6.18 Kim loi thuc nhm IIA khng tc dng vi nc ngay c nhit cao l
A. Be. B. Mg. C. Ca . D. Ba.
Cu 19 Trng hp ion canxi b kh thnh Ca l
A. in phn dd CaCl2 vi in cc tr, c mng ngn. B. in phn CaCl2 nng chy.
C. Cho dd CaCl2 tc dng vi dd AgNO3. D. Cho dd Ca(OH)2 tc dng vi dd HCl.
Cu 20 Phn bit dung dch Ca(HCO3)2 vi dung dch CaCl2 bng
A. Dd HCl. B. Dd Na2CO3. C. Dd Na3PO4. D. Dd NaCl.
o
Cu 21 Khi nung 40g qung lmit thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 (0 C; 0,8 atm). Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca
CaCO3.MgCO3 trong qung l
A. 92%. B. 50%. C. 40%. D. 100%.
Cu 22 Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO v CO2 trong CO2 chim 39,2% (theo th tch) i qua dung dch
cha 7,4g Ca(OH)2 . S g cht kt ta sau phn ng l
A. 4,05g. B. 14,65g. C. 2,5g. D. 12,25g.

Nguyn Vn Kha 3 THCS TT Yn M

 CHNG VI. KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH V NHM

Cu 23 Mt loi nc c cha nhiu mui Ca(HCO3)2 thuc loi

A. Nc cng vnh cu .B. Nc cng ton phn. C. Nc cng tm thi. D. Nc khong.
Cu 24 Dung dch lm mm nc cng tm thi v vnh cu l
A. Ca(OH)2. B. HCl. C. Na2CO3. D. NaNO3.
Cu 25 Trong mt bnh nc c cha 0,01 mol Na ; 0,02 mol Ca ; 0,01 mol Mg2+; 0,05 mol HCO3; 0,02 mol Cl .
+ 2+

Nc trong bnh c
A. Tnh cng tm thi. B. Tnh cng vnh cu. C. Tnh cng ton phn. D. Tnh mm.
Cu 26 un si nc cha 0,01 mol Na ; 0,02 mol Ca ; 0,01 mol Mg ; 0,05 mol HCO3 ; 0,02 mol Cl ta c nc cng
+ 2+ 2+

A. tm thi. B. vnh cu. C. ton phn. D. nc mm.

Cu 27 Mt phng trnh phn ng ho hc gii thch vic dng dd Na2CO3 lm mm nc cng vnh cu l
A. Na2CO3 + CaCl2 CaCO3 + 2NaCl. B. Na2CO3 + Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + 2NaHCO3.
C. Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2. D. Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + 2NaOH.
Cu 28 Trong phng php trao i ion lm mm nc cng ngi ta dng
A. Zeolt. B. Na2CO3. C. Na3PO4. D. Ca(OH)2.
3+
Cu 29 Ion Al b kh trong trng hp
A. phn dd AlCl3 vi in cc tr c mng ngn. B. in phn Al2O3 nng chy.
C. Dng H2 kh Al2O3 nhit cao. D. Th Na vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3.
Cu 30 Phng trnh phn ng ho hc chng minh Al(OH)3 c tnh axit l
A. Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O. B. 2Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3H2O.
3
C. Al(OH)3 + NaOH Na[Al(OH)4]. D. 2Al(OH)3 2Al + 3H2O + O2.
2
3+ 2 6
Cu 31 Cation M c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2s 2p . V tr M trong bng tun hon l
A. 13, chu k 3, nhm IIIA. B. 13, chu k 3, nhm IIIB.
C. 13, chu k 3, nhm IA. D. 13, chu k 3, nhm IB.
Cu 32 Chn cu khng ng
A. Nhm l kim loi nh, dn in, dn nhit tt.
B. Nhm c tnh kh mnh ch sau kim loi kim v kim th.
C. Nhm b ph hy trong mi trng kim.
D. Nhm l kim loi lng tnh.
Cu 33 Trong nhng cht sau, cht khng c tnh lng tnh l
A. Al(OH)3 . B. Al2O3. C. ZnSO4. D. NaHCO3.
Cu 34 Cho s :
Al
+ X Al2(SO4)3 + Y Al(OH)3 + Z Ba Al(OH) 4 2 Al(OH)3 Al2O3 Al. X, Y, Z, E (dung
dch) v (1), (2) ln lt l
A. H2SO4 ngui, NaOH, Ba(OH)2, HCl, t0, pnc. B. H2SO4 long, NaOH , Ba(OH)2, HCl, t0, pnc.
C. H2SO4 lo, NaOH d, Ba(OH)2, HCl, t0, pnc. D. H2SO4 nng, NaOH d, Ba(OH)2, HCl, t0, pnc.
Cu 35 lm kt ta hon ton Al(OH)3 ngi ta thc hin phn ng
A. AlCl3 + 3H2O + 3NH3 Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl. B. AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl.
C. NaAlO2 + H2O + HCl Al(OH)3 + NaCl. D. Al2O3 + 3H2O 2Al(OH)3.
Cu 36 Cho dn tng git dd NaOH (1), dd NH3 (2) ln lt n d vo ng ng dung dch AlCl3 thy
A. Lc u u c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan ra.
B. Lc u u c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta khng tan ra.
C. Lc u u c kt ta keo trng, (1) kt ta tan, (2) kt ta khng tan.
D. Lc u u c kt ta keo trng, (1) kt ta khng tan, (2) kt ta tan.
Cu 37 Cho dn tng git dung dch HCl (1) , CO2 (2) ln lt vo ng ng dung dch Na[Al(OH)4] thy
A. Lc u u c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan ra.
B. Lc u u c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta khng tan ra.

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 CHNG VI. KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH V NHM

C. Lc u u c kt ta keo trng, (1) kt ta tan, (2) kt ta khng tan.

D. Lc u u c kt ta keo trng, (1) kt ta khng tan, (2) kt ta tan.
Cu 38 Phn chua c cng thc l
A. K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. B. MgSO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. C. Al2O3.nH2O. D. Na3AlF6.
+ 3+ 2+
Cu 39 Cho t t n d dd NaOH ln lt vo cc dd ng Na (1), Al (2), Mg (3) ta quan st thy
A. (1) khng hin tng, (2) xut hin kt ta trng ri tan, (3) xut hin kt ta trng khng tan.
B. (1) khng hin tng, (2) v (3) xut hin kt ta trng ri tan.
C. (1) khng hin tng, (2) xut hin kt ta trng, khng tan.
D. (1) khng hin tng, (3) xut hin kt ta trng, khng tan.
Cu 40 C 2 l khng ghi nhn ng dung dch AlCl3 (1) v dung dch NaOH (2). Khng dng thm cht khc,
ngi ta phn bit chng bng cch
A. Cho t t tng git dd (1) vo dd (2) thy (2) c kt ta ri tan ra, nhn ra (1) l AlCl3 , (2) l NaOH.
B. Cho t t tng git dd (1) vo dd (2) thy (2) c kta, ri kta ko tan, nhn ra (1) l AlCl3 , (2) l NaOH.
C. Cho t t tng git dd (2) vo dd (1) thy (1) c kta trng, kta trng tng dn ri tan, nhn ra (1) l
AlCl3 , (2) l NaOH.
D. Cho t t tng git dd (2) vo dd(1) thy (1) c kta trng, k ta trng tng dn, ri khng tan, nhn ra (1)
l AlCl3 , (2) l NaOH.
Cu 41 C 4 mu bt kim loi l Na, Al, Mg, Fe. Ch dg thm nc lm thuc th th s kloi c th pbit c l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 42 Cho 100ml dung dch AlCl3 1M tc dng vi 200ml dung dch NaOH. Kt ta to thnh c lm kh v
nung n khi khi lng khng i cn nng 2,55g. Nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH ban u l
A. 2,75M v 0,75M. B. 2,75M v 0,35M. C. 0,75M v 0,35M. D. 0,35M v 0,75M.
Cu 43 Ho tan 5,4g bt Al vo 150ml dung dch hn hp cha Fe(NO3)3 1M v Cu(NO3)2 1M. Kt thc phn ng
thu c s gam cht rn l
A. 13,2. B. 13,8. C. 10,95. D. 15,2.
Cu 44 in phn Al2O3 nng chy vi dng in cng 9,65A trong thi gian 3000 giy thu c 2,16g Al.
Hiu sut in phn l
A. 60%. B. 70%. C. 80%. D. 90%.
Cu 45 Mt thuc th phn bit 3 cht rn Mg, Al, Al2O3 ng trong cc l ring bit l dung dch
A. H2SO4 c ngui.B. NaOH C. HCl c. D. amoniac.
Cu 46 Ch dng cc cht ban u l NaCl, H2O, Al (iu kin phn ng coi nh c ) c th iu ch c
A. Al(OH)3. B. AlCl3 , Al2O3 , Al(OH)3. C. Al2O3 D. AlCl3.
Cu 47 Mt ho cht phn bit Al, Mg, Ca, Na, l
A. Dung dch Na2CO3. B. H2O. C. Dung dch HCl. D. Dung dch NaOH.
Cu 48 Mt ho cht phn bit cc dung dch ring bit NaCl, CaCl2 , AlCl3 l
A. Dung dch Na2CO3. B. dung dch HCl. C. dung dch NaOH. D. H2O.
Cu 49 Ho tan ht 10g hn hp mui cacbonat ca kim loi IA v IIA bng dung dch HCl d, thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc).
Sau c cn dung dch thu c x gam mui khan. x c gi tr l
A. 12,00g. B. 11,10g. C. 11,80g. D. 14,20g.
Cu 50 Ho tan ht 3,5g hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al v Fe bng dung dch HCl, thu c 3,136 lt kh (ktc) v m g mui
clorua. m nhn gi tr bng
A. 13,44g. B.15,2g. C. 9,6g. D. 12,34g.
Cu 51 Cho 2,22g hn hp kim loi gm K, Na v Ba vo nc c 500ml dung dch X c pH = 13. C cn dung dch X
c m g cht rn. m c gi tr l
A. 4,02g. B. 3,45g. C. 3,07g. D. 3,05g.
Cu 52 Cho 3,06g oxit ca kloi M (c htr n) tan trong HNO3 d th thu c 5,22g mui khan. Cthc ca oxit l
A. CuO. B. BaO. C. MgO. D. ZnO.

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 CHNG VI. KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH V NHM

Cu 53 Hn hp X gm K v Al. m g X tc dng vi nc d c 5,6 lt kh. Mt khc, m g X tc dng vi dd

Ba(OH)2 d thu c 8,96 lt kh. (Cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton, cc th tch kh o ktc). m c gi tr l
A.10,95g. B. 18g. C. 16g. D. 12,8g.
Cu 54 Ho tan 4,32 gam nhm kim loi bng dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c V lt kh NO (ktc) v dung dch
X. C cn dung dch X thu c 35,52 gam mui. Gi tr ca V l
A. 5,6000 lt. B. 4,4800 lt. C. 3,4048 lt. D. 2,5088 lt.
Cu 55 Khi lng K2O cn ly ho tan vo 70,6g nc thu c dung dch c nng 14% l
A. 8,4g. B. 4,8g. C. 4,9g. D. 9,4g.
Cu 56 Cho hn hp 0,1 mol Ba v 0,2 mol Al vo nc d th th tch kh thot ra (ktc) l
A. 2,24 lt. B. 4,48 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 8,96 lt.
Cu 57 Cho 9g hp kim Al tc dng vi dd NaOH c, nng, d thu c 10,08 lt H2 (ktc). % Al trong hp kim l
A. 90%. B. 9%. C. 7.3%. D. 73%.
Cu 58 Hp kim Al-Mg tc dng va vi dung dch HCl thu c 8,96 lt H2 (ktc). Cng lng hp kim trn
tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH thu c 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). % Al tnh theo khi lng l
A. 6,92%. B. 69,2%. C. 3,46%. D. 34,6%.
Cu 59 Klng Al2O3 v klg cacbon b tiu hao cn sn xut c 0,54 tn Al bng pphp phn nchy Al2O3 vi
anot bng cacbon (coi nh hsut phn bng 100%, v kh thot ra anot ch l CO2) c gi tr ln lt bng
A.102kg, 180kg B. 102kg; 18kg C.1020kg; 180kg D. 10200kg ;1800kg
Cu 60 31,2g hn hp Al v Al2O3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 16,8 lt H2 (00C; 0,8atm). Bit dng
d 10ml th th tch dung dch NaOH 4M ly ban u l
A. 200ml. B. 20ml. C. 21ml. D. 210ml.
Cu 61 Hn hp Al v Fe3O4 em nung khng c khng kh. Hn hp sau phn ng nhit nhm nu em tc dng
vi NaOH d thu c 6,72 lt H2(ktc); nu em tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 26,88 lt H2(ktc). Khi
lng Al trong hn hp ban u l
A. 27g. B. 2,7g. C. 54g. D. 5,4g.
Cu 62 3,04g hn hp Fe v Cu tc dng vi dd HNO3 long thu c 0,896 lt NO (ktc). % Fe theo klng l
A. 36,8%. B. 3,68%. C. 63,2%. D. 6,32%.
Cu 63 2,52g mt kim loi tan ht trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 6,84g mui sunfat. Kim loi l
A. K. B. Ca. C. Al. D. Fe.
Cu 64 Cho a g hn hp gm Al v Fe tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 1 th tch H2 bng th tch ca
9,6g O2 (ktc). Nu cho a g hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th c 8,96 lt H2 (ktc). a c gi tr l
A. 11g. B. 5,5g. C. 16,5g. D.22g.
Cu 65 Cho Fe tdng vi dd H2SO4 long, dd thu c cho bay hi H2O c 55,6 g FeSO4.7H2O. Th tch H2 (ktc) l
A. 3,36 lt. B. 4,48 lt. C. 6,72 lt. D. 8,96 lt.
Cu 66 Cho a g FeSO4.7H2O tc dng vi H2O thu c 300ml dung dch. Thm H2SO4 vo 20ml dung dch trn
thy lm mt mu 30ml dung dch KMnO4 0,1M. Gi tr a l
A. 6,255g. B. 0,6255g. C. 62,55g. D. 625,5g.
Cu 67 Khi kh hon ton a g hn hp gm Fe v Fe2O3 nhit cao thu c 11,2g Fe. Cn nu cho a g hn
hp trn tc dng vi dd CuSO4 d th c cht rn c khi lng tng thm 0,8g so vi ban u. Gi tr a l
A. 0,0136g. B. 0,136g. C. 1,36g. D. 13,6g.
Cu 68 Cho dd cha 16,8g NaOH tc dng vi dd cha 8g Fe2(SO4)3, tip tc thm vo dung dch sau phn ng
13,68g Al2(SO4)3 na th thu c kt ta X. Nhit phn hon ton X, thu c cht rn Y. Khi lng cht rn Y l
A. 2,12g. B. 21,2g. C. 42,2g. D. 4,22g.
Cu 69 50g mt l kim loi tan ht trong dung dch HCl thu c 336ml H2(ktc) v thy khi lng l kim loi
gim 1,68%. Tn l kim loi l
A. Al B. Fe C. Mg D. Na
II- BI TP NNG CAO
Cu 70 Sut in ng chun E0 (pin) tnh bng
A. E0 (pin) = E0 (catot) E0 (anot). B. E0 (pin) = E0 (catot) + E0 (anot).

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 CHNG VI. KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH V NHM

C. E0 (pin) = E0 (anot) + E0 (catot). D. E0 (pin) = E0 (anot) E0 (catot).

Cu 71 Trong pin in ho, anot l ni xy ra
A. s oxi ho cht kh B. s kh cht oxi ho. C. s in li dd mui. D. s phn dd mui.
Cu 72 Trong pin in ho, catot l ni xy ra
A.s oxi ho cht kh. B. s kh cht oxi ho. C. s in li dd mui. D. s phn dd mui.
Cu 73 Trong cu mui ca pin in ho Zn Cu xy ra s di chuyn cc
A. ion. B. electron. C. nguyn t Cu. D. nguyn t Zn.
Cu 74 Phn ng xy ra trong pin in ho c cu to bi cp oxi ho- kh Ag+/Ag v Fe2+/Fe l
A. 2Ag+ + Fe Fe2+ + 2Ag B. Fe2+ + 2Ag 2Ag+ + Fe
C. Fe + 3Ag3+ Fe3+ + 3Ag D. Fe3+ + 3Ag Fe + 3Ag3+
Cu 75 Sut in ng chun ca pin in ho Sn Ag l
A. 0,66V. B. 0,79V. C. 0,94V. D. 1,09V.
Cu 76 Bit E0 pin (Zn Cu) = 1,10V v E0(Cu2+/Cu) = +0,34V, th in cc chun (E0) ca cp oxi ho kh
Zn2+/Zn l
A. 0,76V. B. + 0,76V. C. 1,44V. D. + 1,44V.
Cu 77 Ho tan 2,5g mui Na2CO3.xH2O trong 250cm nc ct. Bit 25cm3 dung dch ny tc dng va vi
3

17,5cm3 dung dch HCl 0,1M. Cng thc ho hc ca mui ngm nc l

A. Na2CO3.10H2O. B. Na2CO3.7H2O. C. Na2CO3.5H2O. D. Na2CO3.H2O.
Cu 78 Cho cthc ho hc ca mui cacnalt l xKCl.yMgCl2.zH2O. Bit khi nung nng 11,1g cacnalt th k lng
gim 4,32g. Mt khc khi cho 5,55g cacnalt tc dng vi dd KOH d, lc ly kt ta em nung n khi lng
khng i th c cht rn c klng gim 0,36g so vi trc khi nung. Cng thc ho hc ca cacnalit l
A. KCl.MgCl2.6H2O. B. KCl.2MgCl2.6H2O. C.2KCl.MgCl2.6H2O. D. 2KCl.2MgCl2.6H2O.
Cu 79 Cho 3,42g Al2(SO4)3 tdng vi 250ml ddNaOH aM, thu c 0,78g cht kta. Nng mol/lt ca dd NaOH
dng l
A.1,2M hoc 2,8M. B. 0,12M hoc 0,28M. C.0,04M hoc 0,08M. D. 0,24M hoc 0,56M.
Cu 80 in phn dung dch NaOH vi cng khng i l 10A trong 268 gi. Sau in phn cn li 100g dung
dch 24%. Nng % ca dung dch NaOH trc in phn l
A. 2,4%. B. 24%. C. 1,26%. D. 12,6%.
Cu 81 Cho 5g Na c ln Na2O v tp cht tr tc dng vi H2O thu c dung dch X v 1,875 lt kh Y (ktc).
Dung dch X trung ho va 200ml dung dch HCl 1M. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca tp cht tr l
A. 77%. B. 20,2%. C. 2,8%. D. 7,7%.
Cu 82 Cho 5,8g mui cacbonat ca mt kim loi ho tr II ho tan trong dd H2SO4 long va , thu c mt
cht kh v dd X. C cn X thu c 7,6g mui sunfat trung ho khan. Cng thc ho hc ca mui cacbonat l
A. FeCO3. B. ZnCO3. C. CaCO3. D. MgCO3.
Cu 83 Nung 6,58g Cu(NO3)2 trong bnh kn, sau mt thi gian thu c 4,96g cht rn v hn hp kh X. Hp th
hon ton X vo nc c 300ml dung dch Y. pH ca dung dch Y l
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 84 Cho 21g hn hp 2 kim loi K v Al ho tan hon ton trong nc c dd X. Thm t t dd HCl 1M vo
X, lc u khng thy kt ta, n khi kt ta hon ton th cn 400ml dung dch HCl. S gam K l
A. 15,6. B. 5,4. C. 7,8. D. 10,8.
Cu 85 Cho 23,4g X gm Al, Fe, Cu tc dng vi dd H2SO4 c, nng, d thu c 0,675 mol SO2. Nu cho 23,4g
X tc dng vi dd H2SO4 long d thu c kh Y. Dn t t ton b Y vo ng cha bt CuO d, nung nng thy
khi lng cht rn trong ng gim 7,2g so vi ban u. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Al trong X l
A. 23,08%. B. 35,89%. C. 58,97%. D. 41,03%.
Cu 86 Hn hp X gm a mol Al v 0,3 mol Mg phn ng ht vi hn hp Y (va ) gm b mol Cl2 v 0,4 mol O2
thu c 64,6g hn hp cht rn. Gi tr ca a l
A. 0,6 B. 0,4 C. 0,3 D. 0,2
Cu 87 Khuy u mt lng bt Fe v Fe3O4 vo dung dch HNO3 long. Chm dt phn ng thu c dung
dch X, NO v cn d Fe. Dung dch X cha cht tan

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 CHNG VI. KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH V NHM

A.Fe(NO3)2. B. Fe(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)3 C.Fe(NO3)3 v HNO3 D. Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, HNO3

Cu 88 Cho dung dch X cha cc ion Mg2+, SO42-, NH4+, Cl-.
- Th nghim 1: X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng thu c 1,16g kt ta v 0,06 mol kh.
- Th nghim 2: X tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 d thu c 9,32g kt ta.
Tng khi lng cc ion trong dung dch X l
A.12,22g. B. 6,11g. C.4,32g. D. 5,4g.
Cu 89 Cho 5,15g hn hp X gm Zn v Cu vo 140ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Sau khi phn ng xong c 15,76g
hn hp 2 kim loi v dung dch Y. Khi lng Zn trong hn hp l
A. 1,6g. B. 1,95g. C. 3,2g. D. 2,56g.
Cu 90 Nguyn t R c tng s ht (p, n, e) l 40. R c ho tr II, cu hnh electron ca R l
A.1s22s22p63s23p1. B. 1s22s22p63s2. C.1s22s22p63s23p2. D. 1s22s22p63s23p3.
Cu 91 Nguyn t ca ng t X c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7; nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c tng s
ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in ca X l 8. Cthc ho hc ca hp cht to bi X v Y l
A. AlCl3. B. FeCl3. C. MgCl2. D. NaCl.
Cu 92 Cation X2+ v anion Y2- u c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. X v Y ln lt l
A. Ca, O. B. Ba, O. C. Mg, O. D. Be, O.
Cu 93 Ho tan hon ton 1,62g Al trong 280ml dd HNO3 1M thu c dung dch X v kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht). Mt khc cho 7,35g hai kim loi kim thuc 2 chu k lin tip vo 500ml dung dch HCl c dung dch Y v
2,8 lt kh H2 (ktc). Khi trn dung dch X vo d d Y to thnh 1,56g cht kt ta. Nng mol/l ca dd HCl l
A. 0,3M B. 0,15M C. 1,5M D. 3M
-
Cu 94 Cho ion HXO3 . Tng cc ht trong ion l 123, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in l 43 ht. Bit H (A = 1; Z = 1), O (A = 16; Z = 8). Vy X c cu hnh electron l
A. 1s22s22p2. B. 1s22s22p63s23p3. C. 1s22s22p63s23p4. D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2.
Cu 95 Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong 2 nguyn t kim loi X v Y l 142,trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn
tng s ht khng mang in l 42 ht. S ht mang in ca nguyn t Y nhiu hn X l 12 ht. X v Y ln lt l
A. Ca v Fe. B. Fe v Cu. C. Mg v Fe. D. Al v Fe.
Cu 96 Cho x mol CO2 hp th hon ton vo 200ml dung dch hn hp gm KOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,75M thu c
23,64g kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 0,12 hoc 0,38. B. 0,12 C. 0,88 D. 0,12 hoc 0,90.
Cu 97 Th t pH theo chiu tng dn cc dung dch c cng nng mol ca NH3, NaOH, Ba(OH)2 l
A. NH3, NaOH, Ba(OH)2. B. Ba(OH)2, NaOH, NH3. C. NH3, Ba(OH)2, NaOH. D. NaOH, Ba(OH)2, NH3.
Cu 98 Sau mt thi gian phn 200ml dd CuSO4 vi in cc tr, khi lng dd gim 8g. kt ta ht ion Cu2+
cn li trong dd sau phn, cn dng 100ml dd H2S 0,5M. Nng mol/l ca dd CuSO4 trc in phn l
A. 0,275M. B. 0,75M. C. 3,52M. D. 0,35M.
Cu 99 phn 200ml dd c cha 2 mui l Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 vi cg dg in l 0,804A n khi bt kh bt
u thot ra cc m th mt 2 gi, khi klng cc m tng thm 3,44g. Ng mol/l ca dd CuSO4 ban u l
A. 1M. B. 0,1M. C. 0,02M. D. 0,2M.
Cu 100 in phn 100ml mt dd c ho tan 13,5g CuCl2 v 14,9g KCl c mng ngn v n cc tr mt 2 gi,
cng dng in l 5,1A. Nng mol cc cht c trong dd sau in phn c pha long cho 200ml l
A.[KCld] = 0,1M; [ KOH] = 0,9M. B.[ KOH] = 0,9M.
C.[KCld] = 0,9M; [ KOH] = 0,9M. D.[ KOH] = 0,18M.
Cu 101 M l kim loi ho tr II. Ly 2 l kim loi M c khi lng bng nhau. Nhng l (1) vo dung dch CuCl2,
l (2) vo dung dch CdCl2 n khi thy s mol CuCl2 v CdCl2 trong hai dung dch gim nh nhau th nhc ra. Kt
qu v khi lng: l (1) tng 1,2%; l (2) tng 8,4% so vi ban u. M l
A. Fe. B. Mg. C. Zn. D. Cu.
Cu 102 M l kim loi ho tr II. Ly 2 l kim loi M c khi lng bng nhau. Nhng l (1) vo dung dch
Pb(NO3)2, l (2) vo dd Cu(NO3)2 n khi thy s mol Pb(NO3)2 v Cu(NO3)2 trong hai d d gim nh nhau th nhc
ra. Kt qu v khi lng : l (1) tng 19%; l (2) gim 9,6% so vi ban u. M l
A. Cd. B. Mg. C. Zn D. Cu.

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 CHNG VI. KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH V NHM

Cu 103 Cho mt cy inh thp nng 1,14g vo dung dch H2SO4 long d, thu c cht rn v dung dch X. Nh
t t dung dch KMnO4 0,1M vo X n khi dung dch X bt u c mu hng, thy dng ht 40ml dung dch
KMnO4. %Fe trong inh thp l
A. 98,2 %. B. 49,1%. C. 88%. D. 90%.
Cu 104 Kh 4,8g mt oxit ca kim loi trong dy in ho nhit cao, cn 2,016 lt kh H2 (ktc). Kim loi
thu c em ho tan trong dung dch HCl thu c 1,344 lt H2 (ktc). Cng thc ho hc ca oxit kim loi l
A. Fe2O3 . B. Fe3O4. C. CuO. D. ZnO.
Cu 105 4,72g hn hp bt cc cht Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 tc dng vi CO d nhit cao thu c 3,92g Fe. Cng
lng hn hp trn ngm trong dd CuSO4 d th khi lng cht rn thu c l 4,96g. K lng Fe trong hn hp l
A. 1,68g. B. 16,8g. C. 1,6g. D. 1,44g.

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 CHNG VI. KIM LOI KIM, KIM LOI KIM TH V NHM

P N V HNG DN GII CHNG VI

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10
D D A A A A B B D A
6.11 6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20
A B C C A A D A B A
6.21 6.22 6.23 6.24 6.25 6.26 6.27 6.28 6.29 6.30
A C C C C B A A B C
6.31 6.32 6.33 6.34 6.35 6.36 6.37 6.38 6.39 6.40
A D C B A C C A A C
6.41 6.42 6.43 6.44 6.45 6.46 6.47 6.48 6.49 6.50
D A B C B B A A B A
6.51 6.52 6.53 6.54 6.55 6.56 6.57 6.58 6.59 6.60
C B A D D D A B C D
6.61 6.62 6.63 6.64 6.65 6.66 6.67 6.68 6.69 6.70
A A D A B C D D B A
6.71 6.72 6.73 6.74 6.75 6.76 6.77 6.78 6.79 6.80
A B A A C A A A B A
6.81 6.82 6.83 6.84 6.85 6.86 6.87 6.88 6.89 6.90
C A A A A A A B B B
6.91 6.92 6.93 6.94 6.95 6.96 6.97 6.98 6.99 6.100
A C A C A A A B B A
6.101 6.102 6.103 6.104 6.105
A A A A A

Nguyn Vn Kha 10 THCS TT Yn M