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QFN HTQFP
1FEATURES APPLICATIONS
20-W/ch into an 8- Load From a 18-V Supply Televisions
10-W/ch into an 8- Load From a 12-V Supply
15-W/ch into an 4- Load From a 12-V Supply
DESCRIPTION
Operates from 10 V to 26 V The TPA3100D2 is a 20-W (per channel) efficient,
Class-D audio power amplifier for driving bridged-tied
92% Efficient Class-D Operation Eliminates stereo speakers. The TPA3100D2 can drive stereo
Need for Heat Sinks speakers as low as 4 . The high efficiency of the
Four Selectable, Fixed Gain Settings TPA3100D2, 92%, eliminates the need for an
Differential Inputs external heat sink when playing music.
Thermal and Short-Circuit Protection With The gain of the amplifier is controlled by two gain
Auto Recovery Feature select pins. The gain selections are 20, 26, 32,
36 dB.
Clock Output for Synchronization With
Multiple Class-D Devices The outputs are fully protected against shorts to
Surface Mount 7 mm 7 mm, 48-pin QFN GND, VCC, and output-to-output shorts with an auto
Package recovery feature and monitor output.
Surface Mount 9 mm 9 mm, 48-pin HTQFP
Package
MSTR/SLV BSLN
Sync Control 0.22 mF
SYNC LOUTN
LOUTP
Fault Flag FAULT
PVCCR BSLP
0.22 mF
10 V to 26 V PVCCL VCLAMPL
AVCC 1 mF
PGNDL
AGND
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Copyright 20052010, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
TPA3100D2
SLOS469F OCTOBER 2005 REVISED AUGUST 2010 www.ti.com
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
(1) Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operations of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating
conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) The TPA3100D2 incorporates an exposed thermal pad on the underside of the chip. This acts as a heatsink, and it must be connected
to a thermally dissipating plane for proper power dissipation. Failure to do so may result in the device going into thermal protection
shutdown. See TI Technical Briefs SCBA017D and SLUA271 for more information about using the QFN thermal pad. See TI Technical
Briefs SLMA002 for more information about using the HTQFP thermal pad.
(3) In accordance with JEDEC Standard 22, Test Method A114-B.
(4) In accordance with JEDEC Standard 22, Test Method A115-A
(5) In accordance with JEDEC Standard 22, Test Method C101-A
THERMAL INFORMATION
TPA3100D2
THERMAL METRIC (1) (2)
UNITS
RGZ (48 PINS) PHP (48 PINS)
qJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 25 28.7
qJCtop Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 16.5 19.2
qJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance 12.8 12.4
C/W
yJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter 0.2 0.2
yJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter 4.9 6.6
qJCbot Junction-to-case (bottom) thermal resistance 1.0 0.7
(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.
(2) For thermal estimates of this device based on PCB copper area, see the TI PCB Thermal Calculator.
DC CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25C, VCC = 24 V, RL = 8 (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
Class-D output offset voltage (measured
| VOS | VI = 0 V, Gain = 36 dB 5 50 mV
differentially)
Bypass reference for input amplifier VBYP, no load 1.1 1.25 1.45 V
4-V internal supply voltage VREG, no load, VCC = 10 V to 26 V 3.75 4 4.25 V
VCC = 12 V to 24 V, inputs ac coupled to AGND,
PSRR DC Power supply rejection ratio -70 dB
Gain = 36 dB
ICC Quiescent supply current SHUTDOWN = 2 V, MUTE = 0 V, no load, filter, 22 26.5 mA
or snubber
ICC(SD) Quiescent supply current in shutdown mode SHUTDOWN = 0.8 V, no load, filter, or snubber 180 250 A
ICC(MUTE) Quiescent supply current in mute mode MUTE = 2 V, no load, filter, or snubber 8 10 mA
High Side 200
VCC = 12 V, IO = 500 mA,
rDS(on) Drain-source on-state resistance Low side 200 m
TJ = 25C
Total 400 500
GAIN0 = 0.8 V 19 20 21
GAIN1 = 0.8 V dB
GAIN0 = 2 V 25 26 27
G Gain
GAIN0 = 0.8 V 31 32 33
GAIN1 = 2 V dB
GAIN0 = 2 V 35 36 37
Gain matching Between channels 2%
tON Turn-on time C(VBYP) = 1 F, SHUTDOWN = 2 V 25 ms
tOFF Turn-off time C(VBYP) = 1 F, SHUTDOWN = 0.8 V 0.1 ms
DC CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25C, VCC = 12 V, RL = 8 (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
Class-D output offset voltage (measured
| VOS | VI = 0 V, Gain = 36 dB 5 50 mV
differentially)
Bypass reference for input amplifier VBYP, no load 1.1 1.25 1.45 V
4-V internal supply voltage VREG, no load 3.75 4 4.25 V
VCC = 12 V to 24 V, Inputs ac coupled to AGND,
PSRR DC Power supply rejection ratio -70 dB
Gain = 36 dB
ICC Quiescent supply current SHUTDOWN = 2 V, MUTE = 0 V, no load, filter, 18 22.5 mA
or snubber
ICC(SD) Quiescent supply current in shutdown mode SHUTDOWN = 0.8 V, no load, filter, or snubber 80 200 A
ICC(MUTE) Quiescent supply current in mute mode MUTE = 2 V, no load, filter, or snubber 7 9 mA
DC CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
TA = 25C, VCC = 12 V, RL = 8 (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
High Side 200
VCC = 12 V, IO = 500 mA,
rDS(on) Drain-source on-state resistance Low side 200 m
TJ = 25C
Total 400 500
GAIN0 = 0.8 V 19 20 21
GAIN1 = 0.8 V dB
GAIN0 = 2 V 25 26 27
G Gain
GAIN0 = 0.8 V 31 32 33
GAIN1 = 2 V dB
GAIN0 = 2 V 35 36 37
tON Turn-on time C(VBYP) = 1 F, SHUTDOWN = 2 V 25 ms
tOFF Turn-off time C(VBYP) = 1 F, SHUTDOWN = 0.8 V 0.1 ms
AC CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25C, VCC = 24 V, RL = 8 (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
200 mVPP ripple from 20 Hz1 kHz,
KSVR Supply ripple rejection 70 dB
Gain = 20 dB, Inputs ac-coupled to AGND
THD+N = 7%, f = 1 kHz, VCC = 18 V 20.6 W
PO Continuous output power
THD+N = 10%, f = 1 kHz, VCC = 18 V 21.8 W
THD+N Total harmonic distortion + noise VCC = 18 V, f = 1 kHz, PO = 10 W (half-power) 0.11%
100 V
Vn Output integrated noise 20 Hz to 22 kHz, A-weighted filter, Gain = 20 dB
80 dBV
Crosstalk VO = 1 Vrms, Gain = 20 dB, f = 1 kHz 92 dB
Maximum output at THD+N < 1%, f = 1 kHz,
SNR Signal-to-noise ratio 102 dB
Gain = 20 dB, A-weighted
Thermal trip point 150 C
Thermal hysteresis 30 C
AC CHARACTERISTICS
TA = 25C, VCC = 12 V, RL = 8 (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
200 mVPP ripple from 20 Hz1 kHz,
KSVR Supply ripple rejection 70 dB
Gain = 20 dB, Inputs ac-coupled to AGND
THD+N = 7%, f = 1 kHz 9.4
THD+N = 10%, f = 1 kHz 10
PO Continuous output power W
THD+N = 7%, f = 1 kHz, RL = 4 15.6
THD+N = 10%, f = 1 kHz, RL = 4 16.4
THD+N Total harmonic distortion + noise RL = 8 , f = 1 kHz, PO = 5 W (half-power) 0.11%
RL = 4 , f = 1 kHz, PO = 8 W (half-power) 0.15%
100 V
Vn Output integrated noise 20 Hz to 22 kHz, A-weighted filter, Gain = 20 dB
80 dBV
Crosstalk Po = 1 W, Gain = 20 dB, f = 1 kHz 94 dB
Maximum output at THD+N < 1%, f = 1 kHz,
SNR Signal-to-noise ratio 98 dB
Gain = 20 dB, A-weighted
Thermal trip point 150 C
Thermal hysteresis 30 C
SHUTDOWN
SHUTDOWN
ROUTN
ROUTN
ROUTP
ROUTP
ROUTN
ROUTN
ROUTP
ROUTP
FAULT
FAULT
MUTE
BSRN
BSRP
AVCC
AVCC
MUTE
BSRN
BSRP
AVCC
GND
NC
NC
48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37
NC 1 36 NC GND 1 36 GND
RINN 2 35 PVCCR RINN 2 35 PVCCR
RINP 3 34 PVCCR RINP 3 34 PVCCR
AGND 4 33 PGNDR AGND 4 33 PGNDR
LINP 5 32 PGNDR LINP 5 32 PGNDR
LINN 6 Exposed 31 VCLAMPR
Thermal Pad LINN 6 Exposed 31 VCLAMPR
NC 7 30 VCLAMPL Thermal Pad
GAIN0 7 30 VCLAMPL
GAIN0 8 29 PGNDL
GAIN0 8 29 PGNDL
GAIN1 9 28 PGNDL
GAIN1 9 28 PGNDL
MSTR/SLV 10 27 PVCCL
MSTR/SLV 10 27 PVCCL
SYNC 11 26 PVCCL
SYNC 11 26 PVCCL
NC 12 25 NC
GND 12 25 GND
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
LOUTN
LOUTN
BSLN
VREG
NC
ROSC
NC
AGND
VBYP
BSLP
LOUTP
LOUTP
LOUTN
LOUTN
LOUTP
LOUTP
GND
GND
BSLN
AGND
VREG
ROSC
VBYP
BSLP
TERMINAL FUNCTIONS
TERMINAL
QFN HTQFP I/O DESCRIPTION
NAME
NO. NO.
Shutdown signal for IC (LOW = disabled, HIGH = operational). TTL logic
SHUTDOWN 44 44 I
levels with compliance to AVCC.
RINN 2 2 I Negative audio input for right channel. Biased at VREG/2.
RINP 3 3 I Positive audio input for right channel. Biased at VREG/2.
LINN 6 6 I Negative audio input for left channel. Biased at VREG/2.
LINP 5 5 I Positive audio input for left channel. Biased at VREG/2.
GAIN0 8 7, 8 I Gain select least significant bit. TTL logic levels with compliance to VREG.
GAIN1 9 9 I Gain select most significant bit. TTL logic levels with compliance to VREG.
1, 12, 13,
GND 24, 25, 36, Connect to the thermal pad.
37
Mute signal for quick disable/enable of outputs (HIGH = outputs high-Z,
MUTE 45 45 I
LOW = outputs enabled). TTL logic levels with compliance to AVCC.
TTL compatible output. HIGH = short-circuit fault. LOW = no fault. Only
FAULT 46 46 O
reports short-circuit faults. Thermal faults are not reported on this terminal.
BSLP 18 18 I/O Bootstrap I/O for left channel, positive high-side FET.
Power supply for left channel H-bridge, not internally connected to PVCCR
PVCCL 26, 27 26, 27
or AVCC.
LOUTP 19, 20 19, 20 O Class-D 1/2-H-bridge positive output for left channel.
PGNDL 28, 29 28, 29 Power ground for left channel H-bridge.
LOUTN 21, 22 21, 22 O Class-D 1/2-H-bridge negative output for left channel.
BSLN 23 23 I/O Bootstrap I/O for left channel, negative high-side FET.
VCLAMPL 30 30 Internally generated voltage supply for left channel bootstrap capacitor.
VCLAMPR 31 31 Internally generated voltage supply for right channel bootstrap capacitor.
BSRN 38 38 I/O Bootstrap I/O for right channel, negative high-side FET.
ROUTN 39, 40 39, 40 O Class-D 1/2-H-bridge negative output for right channel.
PGNDR 32, 33 32, 33 Power ground for right channel H-bridge.
PVCCR
PVCCR
VCLAMPR
PVCCR
VBYP
BSRN
VBYP
AVCC
AVCC
Gain
Gate
Drive ROUTN
RINN VClamp
Gain PWM Gen
Control Logic PVCCR
RINP
VBYP
BSRP
Gate
To Gain Adj. Drive
GAIN0 Gain ROUTP
GAIN1 Control Blocks and
8 Startup Logic Gain
FAULT SC PGNDR
Detect
VREG 4V Reg
VCLAMPL
PVCCL
TLL Input
SHUTDOWN Buffer BSLN
(VCC Compliant)
TLL Input
MUTE Buffer Gate
Drive LOUTN
(VCC Compliant) Gain
VBYP VClamp
Gen PVCCL
LINN
Gain PWM BSLP
Control Logic
LINP
Gate
Drive LOUTP
Gain PGNDL
AGND
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
RL = 8 W, RL = 8 W,
Gain = 20 dB Gain = 20 dB
1 1
PO = 10 W
PO = 5 W
0.1 0.1
PO = 5 W
PO = 2.5 W
0.005 0.005
0.003 0.003
20 100 1k 10k 20k 20 100 1k 10k 20k
f - Frequency - Hz f - Frequency - Hz
Figure 1. Figure 2.
RL = 8 W, RL = 4 W,
Gain = 20 dB Gain = 20 dB
THD+N - Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise - %
1 1 PO = 5 W
PO = 10 W
PO = 10 W
0.1 0.1
PO = 1 W
PO = 5 W
PO = 1 W
0.01 0.01
0.005 0.005
0.003 0.003
20 100 1k 10k 20k 20 100 1k 10k 20k
f - Frequency - Hz f - Frequency - Hz
Figure 3. Figure 4.
RL = 8 W, RL = 8 W,
Gain = 32 dB Gain = 32 dB
1 1
10 kHz 10 kHz
0.1 0.1
0.01 0.01
10m 100m 200m 1 10 20 40 10m 100m 200m 1 10 20 40
PO - Output Power - W PO - Output Power - W
Figure 5. Figure 6.
VCC = 24 V,
THD+N - Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise - %
RL = 8 W, RL = 4 W,
Gain = 32 dB Gain = 32 dB
1 1
10 kHz
10 kHz
0.1 0.1
0.01 0.01
10m 100m 200m 1 10 20 40 10m 100m 200m 1 10 20 40
PO - Output Power - W PO - Output Power - W
Figure 7. Figure 8.
30 100 30 100
25 50 25 50
Gain dB
Gain dB
Phase
Phase
Phase Phase
20 0 20 0
15 VCC = 12 V 50 15 VCC = 24 V 50
RL = 8 W RL = 8 W
10 100 10 100
VI = 0.1 Vrms VI = 0.1 Vrms
CI = 10 mF CI = 10 mF
5 150 5 150
Gain = 32 dB Gain = 32 dB
RC Filter = 100 W, 10 nF RC Filter = 100 W, 10 nF
0 200 0 200
10 100 1k 10k 100k 10 100 1k 10k 100k
f Frequency Hz f Frequency Hz
Figure 9. Figure 10.
PO Output Power W
35 25
THD+N = 10%
30
20
25
THD+N = 10%
15
20
THD+N = 1%
THD+N = 1%
15 10
10 Power Represented by
Power Represented by 5 Dash Lines May Require
5 Dash Lines May Require More Heatsinking.
More Heatsinking.
0 0
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
VCC - Supply Voltage - V VCC Supply Voltage V
Figure 11. Figure 12.
EFFICIENCY EFFICIENCY
vs vs
OUTPUT POWER OUTPUT POWER
100 100
VCC = 12 V
90 90 VCC = 12 V
80 80
VCC = 18 V
70 70
Efficiency %
Efficiency %
60 60
VCC = 24 V
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
RL = 8 W RL = 4
10 Gain = 32 dB 10 Gain = 32 dB
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 15
PO Output Power (Per Channel) W PO Output Power (Per Channel) W
Figure 13. Figure 14.
2.5
VCC = 12 V VCC = 12 V
1.5
2
VCC = 24 V 1.5
1
1
0.5
Power Represented by Power Represented by
0.5 Dash Lines May Require
Dash Lines May Require
More Heatsinking. More Heatsinking.
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 0 10 20 30 40
PO Total Output Power W PO Total Output Power W
Figure 15. Figure 16.
CROSSTALK CROSSTALK
vs vs
FREQUENCY FREQUENCY
-40 -40
VCC = 12 V VCC = 24 V
RL = 8 RL = 8
Gain = 20 dB Gain = 20 dB
60 60
VO = 1 Vrms VO = 1 Vrms
L to R L to R
Crosstalk dB
Crosstalk dB
80 80
R to L R to L
100 100
120 120
140 140
20 100 1k 10k 20k 20 100 1k 10k 20k
f Frequency Hz f Frequency Hz
Figure 17. Figure 18.
10 RL = 8 10 RL = 8
Gain = 20 dB Gain = 20 dB
20 20
V(RIPPLE) = 200 mVPP V(RIPPLE) = 200 mVPP
30 30
40 40
50 50
60 60
70 70
80 80
90 90
100 100
20 100 1k 10k 20k 20 100 1k 10k 20k
f Frequency Hz f Frequency Hz
Figure 19. Figure 20.
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Shutdown
Fault Output
and Mute
Control
1 nF 33 mH
1 mF
20 W 8W
1 nF 1 mF
33 mH
20 W
10 V - 26 V
220nF 220nF
10 mF
1 mF
SHUTDOWN
FAULT
ROUTN
ROUTN
BSRN
MUTE
ROUTP
ROUTP
AVCC
BSRP
NC
NC
10 V - 26 V
NC NC
1 mF
RINN PVCCR
1 mF
220 mF
RINP PVCCR
Differential 1 mF
Analog AGND PGNDR
Inputs 1 mF
LINP PGNDR
1 mF
VCLAMPR
LINN
1 mF TPA3100D2 1 mF
NC VCLAMPL
GAIN0 PGNDL
4-Step
Gain Control
GAIN1 PGNDL
220 mF
MSTR/SLV PVCCL
Synchronize Multiple
Class-D Devices SYNC PVCCL
LOUTN
LOUTN
LOUTP
LOUTP
1 mF
AGND
ROSC
VREG
VBYP
BSLN
BSLP
NC NC
NC
NC 10 V - 26 V
1 nF
10 nF
20 W
1 mF
1 nF 33 mH 1 mF
20 W 8W
1 mF
33 mH
Shutdown
Fault Output
and Mute
Control
1 nF 33 mH
1 mF
20 W 8W
1 nF 1 mF
33 mH
20 W
10 V - 26 V
220nF 220nF
10 mF
1 mF
SHUTDOWN
FAULT
ROUTN
ROUTN
BSRN
MUTE
ROUTP
ROUTP
AVCC
BSRP
NC
NC
10 V - 26 V
NC NC
1 mF
RINN PVCCR
1 mF
220 mF
RINP PVCCR
Single-Ended 1 mF
Analog AGND PGNDR
Inputs 1 mF
LINP PGNDR
1 mF
VCLAMPR
LINN
1 mF TPA3100D2 1 mF
NC VCLAMPL
GAIN0 PGNDL
4-Step
Gain Control
GAIN1 PGNDL
220 mF
MSTR/SLV PVCCL
Synchronize Multiple
Class-D Devices SYNC PVCCL
LOUTN
LOUTN
LOUTP
LOUTP
1 mF
AGND
ROSC
VREG
VBYP
BSLN
BSLP
NC NC
NC
NC
10 V - 26 V
100 kW
220nF 220nF
10 nF 1 nF
20 W
1 mF
1 nF 33 mH 1 mF
20 W 8W
1 mF
33 mH
Shutdown
Fault Output
and Mute
Control
1 nF 33 mH
1 mF
20 W 8W
1 nF 1 mF
33 mH
20 W
10 V - 26 V
220nF 220nF
10 mF
1 mF
SHUTDOWN
FAULT
ROUTN
ROUTN
GND
BSRN
MUTE
ROUTP
ROUTP
AVCC
AVCC
BSRP
10 V - 26 V
GND GND
1 mF
RINN PVCCR
1 mF
220 mF
RINP PVCCR
Differential 1 mF
Analog AGND PGNDR
Inputs 1 mF
LINP PGNDR
1 mF
LINN
TPA3100D2 VCLAMPR
1 mF 1 mF
GAIN0 VCLAMPL
GAIN0 PGNDL
4-Step
Gain Control
GAIN1 PGNDL
220 mF
MSTR/SLV PVCCL
Synchronize Multiple
Class-D Devices SYNC
LOUTN
PVCCL
LOUTN
LOUTP
LOUTP
1 mF
AGND
ROSC
VREG
VBYP
BSLN
BSLP
GND
GND
GND GND
10 V - 26 V
100 kW
220nF 220nF
10 nF 1 nF
20 W
1 mF
1 nF 33 mH 1 mF
20 W 8W
1 mF
33 mH
Shutdown
Fault Output
and Mute
Control
1 nF 33 mH
1 mF
20 W 8W
1 nF 1 mF
33 mH
20 W
10 V - 26 V
220nF 220nF
10 mF
1 mF
SHUTDOWN
FAULT
ROUTN
ROUTN
GND
BSRN
MUTE
ROUTP
ROUTP
AVCC
AVCC
BSRP
10 V - 26 V
GND GND
1 mF
RINN PVCCR
1 mF
220 mF
RINP PVCCR
Single-Ended 1 mF
Analog AGND PGNDR
Inputs 1 mF
LINP PGNDR
1 mF
LINN
TPA3100D2 VCLAMPR
1 mF 1 mF
GAIN0 VCLAMPL
GAIN0 PGNDL
4-Step
Gain Control
GAIN1 PGNDL
220 mF
MSTR/SLV PVCCL
Synchronize Multiple
Class-D Devices SYNC
LOUTN
PVCCL
LOUTN
LOUTP
LOUTP
1 mF
AGND
ROSC
VREG
VBYP
BSLN
BSLP
GND
GND
GND GND
10 V - 26 V
100 kW
220nF 220nF
10 nF 1 nF
20 W
1 mF
1 nF 33 mH 1 mF
20 W 8W
1 mF
33 mH
CLASS-D OPERATION
This section focuses on the class-D operation of the TPA3100D2.
OUTP
OUTN
+12 V
Differential Voltage
0V
Across Load
-12 V
Current
Figure 25. Traditional Class-D Modulation Scheme's Output Voltage and Current Waveforms into an
Inductive Load With No Input
OUTP
OUTN
Output = 0 V
Differential +12 V
Voltage
0V
Across
Load -12 V
Current
OUTP
Differential +12 V
Voltage
0V
Across
-12 V
Load
Current
Figure 26. The TPA3100D2 Output Voltage and Current Waveforms Into an Inductive Load
Most applications require a ferrite bead filter. The ferrite filter reduces EMI around 1 MHz and higher (FCC and
CE only test radiated emissions greater than 30 MHz). When selecting a ferrite bead, choose one with high
impedance at high frequencies, but low impedance at low frequencies.
Use an LC output filter if there are low frequency (<1 MHz) EMI-sensitive circuits and/or there are long wires
from the amplifier to the speaker.
When both an LC filter and a ferrite bead filter are used, the LC filter should be placed as close as possible to
the IC followed by the ferrite bead filter.
33 mH
OUTP
C2
L1
1 mF
33 mH
OUTN
C3
L2
1 mF
Figure 27. Typical LC Output Filter, Cutoff Frequency of 28 kHz, Speaker Impedance = 8
15 mH
OUTP
L1 C2
2.2 mF
15 mH
OUTN
L2 C3
2.2 mF
Figure 28. Typical LC Output Filter, Cutoff Frequency of 28 kHz, Speaker Impedance = 4
Ferrite
Chip Bead
OUTP
1 nF
Ferrite
Chip Bead
OUTN
1 nF
Figure 29. Typical Ferrite Chip Bead Filter (Chip Bead Example: Fair-Rite 2512067007Y3)
Using the LC filter in Figure 27, the TPA3100D2 EMI EVM passed the FCC Part 15 Class B radiated emissions
with 21-inch speaker wires. Quasi-peak measurements were taken for the 4 standard test configurations, and the
TPA3100D2 EVM passed with at least 17-dB margin. A plot of the peak measurement for the horizontal rear
configuration is shown in Figure 30.
National Technical Systems, Plano TX
Radiated Emissions 30 MHz - 1000 MHz
FCC B
70
60
FCC B Limit
Limit Level - dB(mV/m)
50
40
30
Peak dB
20
20
0
30 M 230 M 430 M 630 M 830 M
f - Frequency - Hz
Inductors used in LC filters must be chosen carefully. A significant change in inductance at the peak output
current of the TPA3100D2 will cause increased distortion. The change of inductance at currents up to the peak
output current must be less than 0.1 mH per amp to avoid this distortion. Also note that smaller inductors than 33
mH may cause an increase in distortion above what is shown in the preceding graphs of THD versus frequency
and output power.
Capacitors used in LC filters must also be chosen carefully. A significant change in capacitance at the peak
output voltage of the TPA3100D2 will cause increased distortion. LC filter capacitors should have DC voltage
ratings at least twice the peak application voltage (the power supply voltage) and should be made of X5R or
better material. In all cases avoid using capacitors with loose temperature ratings, like Y5V.
TPA3100D2 TPA3100D2
V - Voltage = 10 V/div
V - Voltage = 1 V/div
Closest Competitor Closest Competitor
Figure 31. 1-kHz Sine Output at 10% THD+N Figure 32. 8-kHz Sine Output at 10% THD+N
The Texas Instruments patent-pending adaptive dynamic range control (ADRC) technology removes the notch
inherent in class-D audio power amplifiers when they come out of clipping. This effect is more severe at higher
frequencies as shown in Figure 32.
INPUT RESISTANCE
Changing the gain setting can vary the input resistance of the amplifier from its smallest value, 16 k 20%, to
the largest value, 32 k 20%. As a result, if a single capacitor is used in the input high-pass filter, the -3 dB or
cutoff frequency may change when changing gain steps.
Zf
Ci
Zi
Input IN
Signal
The -3-dB frequency can be calculated using Equation 1. Use the ZI values given in Table 2.
1
f =
2p Zi Ci (1)
INPUT CAPACITOR, CI
In the typical application, an input capacitor (CI) is required to allow the amplifier to bias the input signal to the
proper dc level for optimum operation. In this case, CI and the input impedance of the amplifier (ZI) form a
high-pass filter with the corner frequency determined in Equation 2.
-3 dB
1
fc =
2p Zi Ci
fc (2)
The value of CI is important, as it directly affects the bass (low-frequency) performance of the circuit. Consider
the example where ZI is 20 k and the specification calls for a flat bass response down to 20 Hz. Equation 2 is
reconfigured as Equation 3.
1
Ci =
2p Zi fc (3)
In this example, CI is 0.4 F; so, one would likely choose a value of 0.47 mF as this value is commonly used. If
the gain is known and is constant, use ZI from Table 2 to calculate CI. A further consideration for this capacitor is
the leakage path from the input source through the input network (CI) and the feedback network to the load. This
leakage current creates a dc offset voltage at the input to the amplifier that reduces useful headroom, especially
in high gain applications. For this reason, a low-leakage tantalum or ceramic capacitor is the best choice. When
polarized capacitors are used, the positive side of the capacitor should face the amplifier input in most
applications as the dc level there is held at 2 V, which is likely higher than the source dc level. Note that it is
important to confirm the capacitor polarity in the application. Additionally, lead-free solder can create dc offset
voltages and it is important to ensure that boards are cleaned properly.
IC Output Snubbers
1-nF capacitors in series with 20- resistors from the outputs of the TPA3100D2 IC to ground are switching
snubbers. These are illustrated in Figure 33. They linearize switching transitions and reduce overshoot and
ringing. By doing so they improve THD+N, reducing it by a factor near 3 at 1kHz, 1W; and they improve EMC by
2 to 6 dB at middle frequencies. They increase quiescent current by 5 to 15 mA depending on power supply
voltage.
OUTP
OUTN
1 nF 1 nF
20 W 20 W
VCLAMP Capacitors
To ensure that the maximum gate-to-source voltage for the NMOS output transistors is not exceeded, two
internal regulators clamp the gate voltage. Two 1-mF capacitors must be connected from VCLAMPL (pin 30) and
VCLAMPR (pin 31) to ground and must be rated for at least 16 V. The voltages at the VCLAMP terminals may
vary with VCC and may not be used for powering any other circuitry.
A secondary function of the VBYP capacitor is to filter high-frequency noise on the internal 1.25-V bias generator.
A value of at least 0.47F is recommended for the VBYP capacitor. For the best power-up and shutdown pop
performance, the VBYP capacitor should be greater than or equal to the input capacitors.
Differential Input
The differential input stage of the amplifier cancels any noise that appears on both input lines of the channel. To
use the TPA3100D2 with a differential source, connect the positive lead of the audio source to the INP input and
the negative lead from the audio source to the INN input. To use the TPA3100D2 with a single-ended source, ac
ground the INP or INN input through a capacitor equal in value to the input capacitor on INN or INP and apply
the audio source to either input. In a single-ended input application, the unused input should be ac grounded at
the audio source instead of at the device input for best noise performance.
SHUTDOWN OPERATION
The TPA3100D2 employs a shutdown mode of operation designed to reduce supply current (ICC) to the absolute
minimum level during periods of nonuse for power conservation. The SHUTDOWN input terminal should be held
high (see specification table for trip point) during normal operation when the amplifier is in use. Pulling
SHUTDOWN low causes the outputs to mute and the amplifier to enter a low-current state. Never leave
SHUTDOWN unconnected, because amplifier operation would be unpredictable.
For the best power-off pop performance, place the amplifier in the shutdown or mute mode prior to removing the
power supply voltage.
MUTE Operation
The MUTE pin is an input for controlling the output state of the TPA3100D2. A logic high on this terminal
disables the outputs. A logic low on this pin enables the outputs. This terminal may be used as a quick
disable/enable of outputs when changing channels on a television or transitioning between different audio
sources.
The MUTE terminal should never be left floating. For power conservation, the SHUTDOWN terminal should be
used to reduce the quiescent current to the absolute minimum level.
The MUTE terminal can also be used with the FAULT output to automatically recover from a short-circuit event.
When a short-circuit event occurs, the FAULT terminal transitions high indicating a short-circuit has been
detected. When directly connected to MUTE, the MUTE terminal transitions high, and clears the internal fault
flag. This causes the FAULT terminal to cycle low, and normal device operation resumes if the short-circuit is
removed from the output. If a short remains at the output, the cycle continues until the short is removed.
If external MUTE control is desired, and automatic recovery from a short-circuit event is also desired, an OR gate
can be used to combine the functionality of the FAULT output and external MUTE control, see Figure 34.
TPA3100D2
External GPIO
Control
MUTE
FAULT
THERMAL PROTECTION
Thermal protection on the TPA3100D2 prevents damage to the device when the internal die temperature
exceeds 150C. There is a 15C tolerance on this trip point from device to device. Once the die temperature
exceeds the thermal set point, the device enters into the shutdown state and the outputs are disabled. This is not
a latched fault. The thermal fault is cleared once the temperature of the die is reduced by 30C. The device
begins normal operation at this point with no external system interaction.
The generator output and amplifier input must be ac-coupled. However, the EVMs already have the ac-coupling
capacitors, (CIN), so no additional coupling is required. The generator output impedance should be low to avoid
attenuating the test signal, and is important because the input resistance of APAs is not high. Conversely, the
analyzer-input impedance should be high. The output resistance, ROUT, of the APA is normally in the hundreds of
milliohms and can be ignored for all but the power-related calculations.
Figure 35(a) shows a class-AB amplifier system. It takes an analog signal input and produces an analog signal
output. This amplifier circuit can be directly connected to the AP-II or other analyzer input.
This is not true of the class-D amplifier system shown in Figure 35(b), which requires low-pass filters in most
cases in order to measure the audio output waveforms. This is because it takes an analog input signal and
converts it into a pulse-width modulated (PWM) output signal that is not accurately processed by some
analyzers.
Power Supply
Power Supply
Low-Pass RC
Filter
Signal Class-D APA RL Analyzer
Generator (See note A) 20 Hz - 20 kHz
Low-Pass RC
Filter
The TPA3100D2 uses a modulation scheme that does not require an output filter for operation, but they do
sometimes require an RC low-pass filter when making measurements. This is because some analyzer inputs
cannot accurately process the rapidly changing square-wave output and therefore record an extremely high level
of distortion. The RC low-pass measurement filter is used to remove the modulated waveforms so the analyzer
can measure the output sine wave.
Evaluation Module
Audio Power
Generator Analyzer
Amplifier
CIN Low-Pass
RC Filter
RGEN RIN ROUT RANA CANA
VGEN RL
CIN
Low-Pass
RGEN RIN ROUT RC Filter RANA CANA
The generator should have balanced outputs, and the signal should be balanced for best results. An unbalanced
output can be used, but it may create a ground loop that affects the measurement accuracy. The analyzer must
also have balanced inputs for the system to be fully balanced, thereby cancelling out any common-mode noise in
the circuit and providing the most accurate measurement.
The following general rules should be followed when connecting to APAs with differential inputs and BTL outputs:
Use a balanced source to supply the input signal.
Use an analyzer with balanced inputs.
Use twisted-pair wire for all connections.
Use shielding when the system environment is noisy.
Ensure that the cables from the power supply to the APA, and from the APA to the load, can handle the large
currents (see Table 3).
Table 3 shows the recommended wire size for the power supply and load cables of the APA system. The real
concern is the dc or ac power loss that occurs as the current flows through the cable. These recommendations
are based on 12-inch long wire with a 20-kHz sine-wave signal at 25C.
RL VL= VIN
VOUT
RFILT
To APA
GND
The transfer function for this circuit is shown in Equation 5 where wO = REQCEQ, REQ = RFILT || RANA and
CEQ = (CFILT + CANA). The filter frequency should be set above fMAX, the highest frequency of the measurement
bandwidth, to avoid attenuating the audio signal. Equation 6 provides this cutoff frequency, fC. The value of RFILT
must be chosen large enough to minimize current that is shunted from the load, yet small enough to minimize the
attenuation of the analyzer-input voltage through the voltage divider formed by RFILT and RANA. A general rule is
that RFILT should be small (~100 ) for most measurements. This reduces the measurement error to less than
1% for RANA 10 k.
( RANA
)
( )
VOUT
VIN
=
RANA + RFILT
1 + j ( )w
wO
(5)
fc = 2 x fmax (6)
An exception occurs with the efficiency measurements, where RFILT must be increased by a factor of ten to
reduce the current shunted through the filter. CFILT must be decreased by a factor of ten to maintain the same
cutoff frequency. See Table 4 for the recommended filter component values.
Once fC is determined and RFILT is selected, the filter capacitance is calculated using Equation 7. When the
calculated value is not available, it is better to choose a smaller capacitance value to keep fC above the minimum
desired value calculated in Equation 7.
1
CFILT =
2p x fc x RFILT (7)
Table 4 shows recommended values of RFILT and CFILT based on common component values. The value of fC
was originally calculated to be 28 kHz for an fMAX of 20 kHz. CFILT, however, was calculated to be 57,000 pF, but
the nearest values of 56,000 pF and 51,000 pF were not available. A 47,000-pF capacitor was used instead, and
fC is 34 kHz, which is above the desired value of 28 kHz.
spacer
REVISION HISTORY
Replaced the TYPICAL DISSIPATION RATINGS table with the Thermal Inforamtion table ............................................... 2
www.ti.com 11-Apr-2013
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device Status Package Type Package Pins Package Eco Plan Lead/Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (C) Top-Side Markings Samples
(1) Drawing Qty (2) (3) (4)
TPA3100D2PHP ACTIVE HTQFP PHP 48 250 Green (RoHS CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 TPA3100D2
& no Sb/Br)
TPA3100D2PHPG4 ACTIVE HTQFP PHP 48 250 Green (RoHS CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 TPA3100D2
& no Sb/Br)
TPA3100D2PHPR ACTIVE HTQFP PHP 48 1000 Green (RoHS CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 TPA3100D2
& no Sb/Br)
TPA3100D2PHPRG4 ACTIVE HTQFP PHP 48 1000 Green (RoHS CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 TPA3100D2
& no Sb/Br)
TPA3100D2RGZR ACTIVE VQFN RGZ 48 2500 Green (RoHS CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 TPA
& no Sb/Br) 3100D2
TPA3100D2RGZRG4 ACTIVE VQFN RGZ 48 2500 Green (RoHS CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 TPA
& no Sb/Br) 3100D2
TPA3100D2RGZT ACTIVE VQFN RGZ 48 250 Green (RoHS CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 TPA
& no Sb/Br) 3100D2
TPA3100D2RGZTG4 ACTIVE VQFN RGZ 48 250 Green (RoHS CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168 HR -40 to 85 TPA
& no Sb/Br) 3100D2
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3)
MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 11-Apr-2013
(4)
Multiple Top-Side Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Top-Side Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a
continuation of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Top-Side Marking for that device.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
Automotive: TPA3100D2-Q1
Automotive - Q100 devices qualified for high-reliability automotive applications targeting zero defects
Addendum-Page 2
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 30-May-2013
Pack Materials-Page 1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 30-May-2013
Pack Materials-Page 2
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