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B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC K THUT CNG NGH TP.HCM

N TT NGHIP

TNH TON, THT K H THNG X L


NC THI DT NHUM CNG TY NHT TN
CNG SUT 300M3/NGY.M

Ngnh: MI TRNG
Chuyn ngnh: K THUT MI TRNG

Ging vin hng dn : TS Nguyn Xun Trng


Sinh vin thc hin : L Hi Sn
MSSV: 09B1080098 Lp: 09HMT2

TP. H Ch Minh, nm2011


B GIO DC V O TO CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
I HC KTCN TP HCM C LP T DO HNH PHC

KHOA: MI TRNG V CNG NGH SINH HC NHIM V CA N TT NGHIP
B MN: K THUT MI TRNG

H V TN: L HI SN MSSV: 09B1080098


NGNH HC: K THUT MI TRNG LP : 09HMT2

1. u n tt nghip:
Tnh ton & thit k h thng x l nc thi dt nhum cng ty Nht Tn
cng sut 300 m3/ ngy.m.
2. Nhim v yu cu v ni dung:
- Kho st s cng ngh qu trnh dt nhum ca cng ty Nht Tn.
- Tnh ton & thit k h thng x l nc thi dt nhum cng ty Nht Tn
cng sut 300 m3/ ngy.m.
- Vit bo co.
- Th hin cc cng trnh n v trn bn v A3.
3. Ngy giao n tt nghip: 01/11/2011
4. Ngy hon thnh nhim v: 03/03/2011
5. H tn ngi hng dn: Phn hng dn
T.S Nguyn Xun Trng Ton b
Ni dung v yu cu ATN c thng qua b mn.
Ngythngnm 2011
Ch nhim b mn Ngi hng dn chnh

PHN DNH CHO KHOA, B MN


Ngi duyt ( chm s b) .......................................................................................
n v: .....................................................................................................................
Ngy bo v: ............................................................................................................
im tng kt: .........................................................................................................
Ni lu tr n tt nghip: ....................................................................................
LI CAM OAN
Ti xin cam oan ni dung bi lun vn tt nghip ny khng sao chp t
n hay lun vn tt nghip khc di bt k hnh thc no, cc s liu trch dn
trong lun vn tt nghip l trung thc. Ti hon toan chu trch nhim v li
cam oan ca mnh.
LI CM N

Li u tin, em xin c php by t lng bit n chn thnh


v su sc nht ca mnh n Thy Nguyn Xun Trng, ngi
hng dn trc tip cho em n tt nghip ny v l ngi nhit
tnh ch ging v hng dn trc tip cho em trong sut thi gian qua.
Cm n Qu Thy, C khoa Mi Trng v Cng ngh Sinh
hc lun quan tm, tn tnh hng dn cng nh gip em trong
sut thi gian hc tp v thc hin n Tt Nghip ny.
Em xin trn trng cm n Ban lnh o Cng ty Nht Tn c
ch, anh ch trong Phng iu hnh v phng k thut tn tnh gip
, cung cp cho em nhng ti liu cng nh kinh nghim thc tin
trong sut qu trnh lm n, to mi iu kin cho em c th hon
thnh tt bi bo co ny.
Cm n Gia nh, bn b lun ng vin gip em trong
qu trnh hc tp.
Mt ln na, em xin chn thnh cm n v knh gi n ton
th Ban lnh o, Qu Thy C trng i Hc K Thut Cng Ngh,
cc c ch, anh ch li chc sc khe v hnh phc.
NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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im s bng s im s bng ch

TP.HCM, ngy thng 03 nm 2011


DANH MC CH VIT TT

BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand Nhu cu oxy sinh ho


COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand Nhu cu oxy ho ho hc
pH : Ch tiu dng nh gi tnh axt hay baz
SS : Suspended Solid Hm lng cht rn l lng
TSS : Total Suspended Solid (tng cht rn l lng)
VSS : Volatile Suspended Solid (cht rn l lng bay hi)
MLSS : Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid - Cht rn lng trong bn lng
MLVSS : Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solid Cht rn l lng bay hi
trong bn lng
VS : Cht rn bay hi
TCXD : Tiu chun xy dng
TCVN : Tiu chun Vit Nam
XLNT : X l nc thi
BTCT : B tng ct thp
T.S : Tin s
Th.S : Thc s
UASB :Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
DANH MUC CC BN

Danh mc Trang
Bng1.1: Cc cht gy nhim v c tnh nc thi ngnh dt - nhum 11

Bng1.2: c tnh nc thi ca mt s x nghip Dt nhum Vit Na 12

Bng1.3: Nng ca mt s cht nhim trong nc thi Dt nhum. 12

Bng1.4: Tnh cht nc thi ca nh my Dt nhum Dng Tm 12

Bng1.5: QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi


cng nghip 13
Bng 2.1: Thnh phn tnh cht nc thi nhum c trnh by theo bn sau
23
Bng 5.1: chi ph u t................................................................................ 76

Bng 5.2: Chi ph u t thit b ................................................................... 77

Bng 5.3: Bng tnh ton in nng s dng vn hnh h thng.................... 84


DANH MC CC HNH

Danh mc Trang
Hnh 1.1: S nguyn l cng ngh dt nhum hng si bng & cc ngun
nc thi .......................................................................................... 7
Hnh 2.1: S qui trnh cng ngh tng qut x l nc thi nhum vi 22
Hnh 2.2: S cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum ang c p dng
23
Hnh 2.3: Cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum si bng H Lan 25
Hnh 2.4: Cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum Greven (CHLB c) .. 26
Hnh 3.1: Cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum cng ty Nht Tn .................. 28
Hnh 3.2: Cu to b lng. ............................................................................ 32
MC LC trang
Li m u .......................................................................................................1
A. Tnh cn thit ca ti ...............................................................................1
B. Mc tiu ca ti.......................................................................................2
C. Phng php nghin cu ti ....................................................................2
D. ngha thc tin ca ti .........................................................................2
E. Gii hn ti .............................................................................................3

CHNG 1 :TNG QUAN V NGNH DT NHUM V CC CHT


NHIM TRONG NC THI DT NHUM
1.1 TNG QUAN V NGNH DT NHUM ..............................................4
1.1.1 Cc qu trnh c bn trong cng ngh dt nhum ................................4
1.1.2 Cc loi thuc nhum thng dng trong ngnh dt nhum ...............8
1.1.3 Nhu cu v nc v nc thi trong x nghip dt nhum ...................9
1.2 CC CHT NHIM CHNH TRONG NC THI DT NHUM 10
1.3 NH HNG CA CC CHT GY NHIM TRNG NC THI
NGNH DT NHUM N NGUN TIP NHN ............................ 14
CHNG 2: MT S PHNG PHP X L NC THI DT
NHUM
2.1 X L NC THI BNG PHNG PHP C HC ....................... 16
2.1.1 Song chn rc ................................................................................... 17
2.1.2 Li chn rc ................................................................................... 17
2.1.3 B iu ha ...................................................................................... 17
2.2 X L NC THI BNG PHNG PHP HA HC .................... 17
2.2.1 Phng php trung ha .................................................................... 18
2.2.2 Phng php oxy ha kh ................................................................ 18
2.3 X L NC THI BNG PHNG PHP HA_L ...................... 19
2.3.1 Qu trnh keo t to bng ................................................................. 19
2.3.2 Phng php trch ly ........................................................................ 19
2.4 X L NC THI BNG PHNG PHP SINH HC ................... 20
2.5 MT S S CNG NGH X L NC THI DT NHUM ... 21
2.5.1 Cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum trong nc ............................ 21
2.5.1.1 Qui trnh cng ngh tng qut x l nc thi nhum vi ........ 22
2.5.1.2 S cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum ang c p
dng 24
2.5.2 Cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum trn th gii ......................... 25
2.5.2.1 Cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum si bng H Lan ....... 25
2.5.2.2 Cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum Greven (CHLB c) 25
CHNG 3: XUT PHNG N X L NC THI DT NHUM
V TNH TON THIT K H THNG X L CNG
SUT 300M3/NG. ................................................................ 27
3.1 C S LA CHN CNG NGH ......................................................... 27
3.1.1 Vic la chn s cng ngh da vo cc yu t c bn sau ....... 27
3.1.2 Yu cu x l ................................................................................. 27
3.2 XUT CNG NGH ........................................................................ 28
3.2.1. THUYT MINH QUI TRNH CNG NGH ................................ 29
CHNG 4: TNH TON CHI TIT CC CNG TRNH N V CA H
THNG X L NC THI ............................................. 34
4.1. Song chn rc .......................................................................................... 34
4.1.1.Nhim v ......................................................................................... 34
4.1.2.Tnh ton .......................................................................................... 34
4.2. B tip nhn ............................................................................................ 35
4.2.1. Nhim v ........................................................................................ 35
4.2.2. Tnh ton ......................................................................................... 36
4.3 B iu ha .............................................................................................. 36
4.3.1 Chc nng ........................................................................................ 37
4.3.2 Tnh ton .......................................................................................... 37
4.4 B phn ng ............................................................................................. 42
4.4.1 Chc nng ........................................................................................ 42
4.4.2 Tnh ton ......................................................................................... 42
4.5 B lng I ................................................................................................... 45
4.5.1 Chc nng ........................................................................................ 45
4.5.2 Tnh ton ......................................................................................... 45
4.6 B Aerotank ............................................................................................. 51
4.6.1 Chc nng ........................................................................................ 51
4.6.2 Tnh ton .......................................................................................... 52
4.7 B lng II ................................................................................................. 61
4.7.1 Cha nng ....................................................................................... 61
4.7.2 Tnh ton .......................................................................................... 61
4.8 B nn bn (kiu ng) ............................................................................ 66
4.8.1 Chc nng ........................................................................................ 66
4.8.2 Tnh ton:......................................................................................... 66
4.9 My nn bn............................................................................................. 68
4.9.1 Chc nng ........................................................................................ 68
4.9.2 Tnh ton .......................................................................................... 68
4.10 B Tip xc ............................................................................................ 68
4.10.1 Chc nng ...................................................................................... 68
4.10.2 Tnh ton ........................................................................................ 69
4.11 B trn ha cht...................................................................................... 71
4.12 TNH TON HA CHT S DNG ................................................... 73
4.12.1 B cha Ur (nng 10%) v van iu chnh dung dch Ur
(cho vo b Aerotank) ................................................................. 73
4.12.2 B cha axit photphoric (H3PO4) v van iu chnh chm H3PO4
(cho vo b Aerotank) ................................................................. 73
4.12.3 B cha dung dch axit H2SO4 v bm chm H2SO4 (cho vo b
iu ha) ....................................................................................... 74
4.12.4 Cht tr lng polymer dng bt s dng b lng I ................ 75

CHNG 5: D TON KINH PH D KIN THC HIN XY


DNG H THNG X L NC THI ........................ 76

5.1 Chi ph u t xy dng ........................................................................... 76

5.2 Chi ph u t thit b ............................................................................... 77

5.3 Chi ph vn hnh h thng x l .............................................................. 82

5.3.1 Nhn vin vn hnh .......................................................................... 82

5.3.2 Ha cht ........................................................................................... 82


5.3.3 in nng......................................................................................... 84

KT LUN ................................................................................................... 85

TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................ 86

PH LC ..................................................................................................... 87
N TT NGHIP

M U
1. Tnh cn thit ca ti
Dt nhum nc ta l ngnh cng nghip c mng li sn xut rng ln vi
nhiu mt hng, nhiu chng loi v gn y tc tng trng kinh t rt cao.
Trong chin lc pht trin kinh t ca ngnh dt nhum, mc tiu t ra n nm
2010 sn lng t trn 2 t mt vi, kim ngch xut khu t 3,5 4 t USD, to
ra khong 1 triu vic lm. Tuy nhin, y ch l iu kin cn cho s pht trin,
ngnh cng nghip dt nhum pht trin tht s th chng ta phi gii quyt vn
nc thi v kh thi mt cch trit . Cng ngh dt nhum s dng mt
lng nc kh ln phc v cho cc cng on sn xut ng thi x ra mt
lng nc thi bnh qun 12 300 m3/tn vi. Trong , ngun nhim chnh l
t nc thi cng on dt nhum v nu ty. Nc thi git c pH: 9 12, hm
lng cht hu c cao (c th ln n 3000 mg/l), mu trn di 1000 Pt Co,
hm lng SS c th bng 2000 mg/l.
Theo kt qu phn tch nc thi lng ngh dt nhum Vn Phc (H Ty)
th ch s BOD l 67 159mg/l; COD l 139 423mg/l; SS l 167 350mg/l, v
kim loi nng trong nc nh Fe l 7,68 mg/l; Pb l 2,5 mg/l; Cr 6+ l 0.08 mg/l
[Trung tm cng ngh x l mi trng, B t lnh ho hc, 2003]. Theo s liu
ca S Ti nguyn Mi trng Thi Bnh, hng nm lng ngh Nam Cao s dng
khong 60 tn ha cht cc loi nh xy gi, nht thy tinh, x phng, b tt,
Javen, thuc nhum nu ty v in nhum. Cc thng s nhim mi trng
Nam Cao cho thy hm lng cht rn l lng trong nc thi cao hn tiu chun
cho php 3,75 ln, hm lng BOD cao hn tiu chun cho php ti 4,24 ln, hm
lng COD cao hn tiu chun cho php 3 ln.
Thc cht, tiu chun Greentrade Barrier - tiu chun thng mi xanh, cng
chnh l mt ro cn thng mi xanh. Ro cn thng mi xanh c p dng
i vi hng may mc l i hi cc sn phm phi p ng c cc tiu chun
sinh thi quy nh, an ton v sc khe i vi ngi s dng, khng gy nhim

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N TT NGHIP

mi trng trong sn xut, bt buc cc nh xut khu phi tun th. Nh vy l,


trong cuc cnh tranh quyt lit sau khi hn ngch dt may c r b v mt s
tiu chun c cc th trng EU, M, Nht... p dng, th ro cn thng mi
xanh l mt thch thc, tr ngi ln i vi tt c cc nc xut khu hng dt
may.
Chnh v nhng yu cu ht sc cp thit nn trong chuyn ny nhm s
xut Tnh ton thit k h thng x l nc thi ngnh dt nhum cng sut
300m3/ngy m.
2. Mc tiu ca ti
Tnh ton thit k h thng x l nc thi dt nhum c cng sut
300m3/ngy m t tiu chun QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT Quy chun k thut
quc gia v nc thi cng nghip (ct B).
3. Phng php nghin cu ti
1. Bin hi v tng hp ti liu.
2. So snh i chiu v la chn cng ngh.
3. Trch dn mt s tiu chun trong QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT Quy chun
k thut quc gia v nc thi cng nghip.
4. Tnh ton v xut cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum.
4. ngha thc tin ca ti
Hin nay cc phng php x l nc thi dt nhum a s u s dng
phng php ha l, nh vy s tiu tn mt lng ha cht rt ln v khng p
ng c yu cu kinh t, lm cho gi thnh x l 1m3 nc thi s rt ln. Trong
chuyn ny s trnh by phng php x l nc thi dt nhum bng phng
php sinh hc kt hp vi ha l, nhm x l trit nc thi v mang li tnh
kinh t trong qu trnh x l. Tnh Long An hin nay c nhiu nh my dt nhum
nhng vn cha c h thng x l hot ng hiu qu, nhm chng ti hy vng
tp ti liu ny s c p dng x l nc thi ngnh dt nhum trn a bn
tnh.

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N TT NGHIP

5. Gii hn ca ti
Nghin cu phng php x l h thng x l nc thi ngnh cng nghip
dt nhum trong nc v p dng trn a bn tnh Long An.
ti ch trnh by quy trnh cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum t tiu
chun QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi cng
nghip ( Ct B). Vi cc thng s u vo nh sau:
pH = 8 - 10
BOD5 = 860 (mg/l)
COD = 1430 (mg/l)
SS = 560 (mg/l)
mu = 1000 (Pt Co)

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CHNG 1
TNG QUAN V NGNH DT NHUM V CC CHT
NHIM TRONG NC THI DT NHUM

1.1. TNG QUAN V NGNH DT NHUM


Nguyn liu ch yu ca cng nghip dt l x bng, x nhn to hoc tng
hp v len. Ngoi ra cn dng cc x ay gai, t tm.
1.1.1. Cc qu trnh c bn trong cng ngh dt nhum
Thng thng cng ngh dt - nhum gm ba qu trnh c bn: ko si, dt
vi v x l (nu ty), nhum v hon thin vi. Trong c chia thnh cc
cng on sau:
Lm sch nguyn liu: nguyn liu thng c ng di cc dng kin
bng th cha cc si bong c kch thc khc nhau cng vi cc tp cht t
nhin nh bi, t, ht, c rc Nguyn liu bng th c nh tung, lm sch
v trn u. Sau qu trnh l, sch, bng c thu di dng cc tm phng u.
Chi: cc si bng c chi song song v to thnh cc si th.
Ko si, nh ng, mc si: tip tc ko th ti cc my si con gim kch
thc si, tng bn v qun si vo cc ng si thch hp cho vic dt vi. Si
con trong cc ng nh c nh ng thnh cc qu to chun b dt vi. Tip
tc mc si l dn qua cc qu ng chun b cho cng on h si.
H si dc: h si bng h tinh bt v tinh bt bin tnh to mng h bao
quanh si, tng bn, trn v bng ca si c th tin hnh dt vi.
Ngoi ra cn dng cc loi h nhn to nh polyvinylalcol PVA, polyacrylat,
Dt vi: kt hp si ngang vi si dc mc thnh hnh tm vi mc.
Gi h: tch cc thnh phn ca h bm trn vi mc bng phng php
enzym (1% enzym, mui v cc cht ngm) hoc axit (dung dch axit sunfuric
0.5%). Vi sau khi gi h c gic bng nc, x phng, xt, cht ngm ri a
sang nu ty.

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Nu vi: Loi tr phn h cn li v cc tp cht thin nhin nh du m,


sp Sau khi nu vi c mao dn v kh nng thm nc cao, hp th ha
cht, thuc nhum cao hn, vi mm mi v p hn. Vi c nu trong dung
dch kim v cc cht ty git p sut cao (2 - 3 at) v nhit cao (120 -
130oC). Sau , vi c git nhiu ln.
Lm bng vi: mc ch lm cho si cotton trng n, lm tng kch thc cc
mao qun gia cc phn t lm cho x si tr nn xp hn, d thm nc hn,
bng hn, tng kh nng bt mu thuc nhum. Lm bng vi thng thng bng
dung dch kim dung dch NaOH c nng t 280 n 300g/l, nhit thp 10
- 20oC. sau vi c git nhiu ln. i vi vi nhn to khng cn lm bng.
Ty trng: mc ch ty mu t nhin ca vi, lm sch cc vt bn, lm cho
vi c trng ng yu cu cht lng. Cc cht ty thng dng l natri clorit
NaClO2, natri hypoclorit NaOCl hoc hyrdo peroxyte H2O2 cng vi cc cht ph
tr. Trong i vi vi bng c th dng cc loi cht ty H 2O2, NaOCl hay
NaClO2.
Nhum vi hon thin: mc ch to mu sc khc nhau ca vi. Thng s
dng cc loi thuc nhum tng hp cng vi cc hp cht tr nhum to s
gn mu ca vi. Phn thuc nhum d khng gn vo vi, i vo nc thi ph
thuc vo nhiu yu t nh cng ngh nhum, loi vi cn nhum, mu yu
cu,
Thuc nhum trong dch nhum c th dng tan hay dng phn tn. Qu
trnh nhum xy ra theo 4 bc:
- Di chuyn cc phn t thuc nhum n b mt si.
- Gn mu vo b mt si.
- Khuyt tn mu vo trong si, qu trnh xy ra chm hn qu trnh trn.
- C nh mu v si.
In hoa l to ra cc vn hoa c mt hoc nhiu mu trn nn vi trng hoc vi
mu, h in l mt hn hp gm cc loi thuc nhum dng ha tan hay pigment
dung mi. Cc lp thuc nhum cng cho in nh pigment, hot tnh, hon nguyn,
GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 5
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azo khng tan v indigozol. H in c nhiu loi nh h tinh bt, dextrin, h alginat
natri, h nh tng hay h nh ha tng hp.
Sau nhum v in, vi c git lnh nhiu ln. Phn thuc nhum khng gn
vo vi v cc ha cht s i vo nc thi. Vng kh, hon tt vi vi mc ch
n nh kch thc vi, chng nhu v n nh nhit, trong s dng mt s ha
cht chng mu, cht lm mm v ha cht nh metylic, axit axetic, formaldehit.

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S nguyn l cng ngh dt nhum hng si bng & cc ngun nc thi

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1.1.2. Cc loi thuc nhum thng dng trong ngnh dt nhum


Thuc nhum hot tnh
Cc loi thuc nhum thuc nhm ny c cng thc cu to tng qut l S-F-
T-X trong : S l nhm lm cho thuc nhum c tnh tan; F l phn mang mu,
thng l cc hp cht Azo (-N=N-), antraquinon, axit cha kim loi hoc
ftaloxiamin; T l gc mang nhm phn ng; X l nhm phn ng. Loi thuc
nhum ny khi thi vo mi trng c kh nng to thnh cc amin thm c
xem l tc nhn gy ung th.
Thuc nhum trc tip
y l thuc nhum bt mu trc tip vi x si khng qua giai on x l
trung gian, thng s dng nhum si 100% cotton, si protein (t tm) v si
poliamid, phn ln thuc nhum trc tip c cha azo (mn, di and poliazo) v
mt s l dn xut ca dioxazin. Ngoi ra, trong thuc nhum cn c cha cc
nhm lm tng bt mu nh triazin v salicylic axit c th to phc vi cc kim
loi tng bn mu.
Thuc nhum hon nguyn
Thuc nhum hon nguyn gm 2 nhm chnh: nhm a vng c cha nhn
antraquinon v nhm indigoit c cha nhn indigo. Cng thc tng qut l R=C-
O; trong R l hp cht hu c nhn thm, a vng. Cc nhn thm a vng
trong loi thuc nhum ny cng l tc nhn gy ung th, v vy khi khng c
x l, thi ra mi trng, c th nh hng n sc khe con ngi.
Thuc nhum phn tn
Nhm thuc nhum ny c cu to phn t t gc azo v antraquinon v nhm
amin (NH2, NHR, NR2, NR-OH), dng ch yu nhum cc loi si tng hp
(si axetat, si polieste) khng a nc.
Thuc nhum lu hunh
L nhm thuc nhum cha mch d hnh nh tiazol, tiazin, zin trong c
cu ni S-S- dng nhum cc loi si cotton v viscose.
Thuc nhum axit
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L cc mui sunfonat ca cc hp cht hu c khc nhau c cng thc l R-


SO3Na khi tan trong nc phn ly thnh nhm R-SO3 mang mu. Cc thuc
nhum ny thuc nhm mono, diazo v cc dn xut ca antraquinon, triaryl
metan
Thuc in, nhum pigmen
C cha nhm azo, hon nguyn a vng, ftaoxianin, dn sut ca
antraquinon
1.1.3. Nhu cu v nc v nc thi trong x nghip dt nhum
Cng ngh dt nhum s dng nc kh ln: t 12 n 65 lt nc cho 1 mt
vi v thi ra t 10 n 40 lt nc.
Nc dng trong nh my dt phn b nh sau:
Sn xut hi nc 5.3%
Lm mt thit b 6.4%
Phun m v kh bi trong cc phn xng 7.8%
Nc dng trong cc cng on cng ngh 72.3%
Nc v sinh v sinh hot 7.6%
Phng ha v cho cc vic khc 0.6%
Nc thi t cng nghip dt cng rt a dng v phc tp, nhu cu nc cho
cng nghip dt cng rt ln. T lng nc thi t nhng cng ngh ny cng
rt nhiu.
Hng len nhum, dt thoi l: 100 - 240 m3/tn
Hng vi bng, nhum, dt thoi: 50 - 240 m3/tn, bao gm:
H si: 0.02 m3
Nu, gi h ty: 30 - 120 m3
Nhum: 50 - 240 m3
Hng vi bng in hoa, dt thoi l 65 - 280 m3/tn, bao gm:
H si: 0.02 m3
Gi h, nu ty: 30-120 m3
In sy: 5-20 m3
GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 9
SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Git: 30-140 m3
Khn len mu t si polycrylonitrit l 40-140 m3/tn, bao gm:
Nhum si: 30-80 m3
Git sau dt: 10-70 m3
Vi trng t polyacrylonitrit l 20-60 m3 .
(Ngun: Nguyn c Lng, Cng ngh x l nc thi, NXB i Hc Quc
Gia TP.HCM, Nm 2003)
1.2. CC CHT GY NHIM CHNH TRONG NC THI
DT NHUM
Nc thi t cc x nghip dt nhum rt phc tp, n bao gm c cc cht
hu c, cc cht mu v cc cht c hi cho mi trng. Cc cht gy nhim
mi trng chnh c trong nc thi ca x nghip dt, nhum bao gm:
- Tp cht tch ra t x si, nh du m, cc hp cht cha nit, cc cht bn
dnh vo si (trung bnh l 6% khi lng x si).
- Cc ha cht dng trong qu trnh cng ngh: h tinh bt, tinh bt bin tnh,
dextrin, aginat, cc loi axit, xt, NaOCl, H2O2, soda, sunfit Cc loi thuc
nhum, cc cht ph tr, cht mu, cht cm mu, ha cht ty git. Lng ha
cht s dng i vi tng loi vi, tng loi mu l rt khc nhau v phn d tha
i vo nc thi tng ng.
- i vi mt hng len t lng cu, nguyn liu l len th mang rt nhiu tp
cht (250-600 kg/tn) c chia thnh:
+ 25-30% m (axt bo v sn phm ct m, lng cu)
+ 10-15% t v ct
+ 40-60% mi hu c v cc sn phm ct m, lng cu.
Mi cng on ca cng ngh c cc dng nc thi v c tnh ca chng.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 10


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Bng1.1: Cc cht gy nhim v c tnh nc thi ngnh dt - nhum


Cng on Cht nhim trong nc thi c tnh ca nc thi
H si, Tinh bt, glucozo, carboxy BOD cao (34-50% tng sn
gi h metyl xelulozo, polyvinyl alcol, lng BOD).
nha, cht bo v sp.
Nu, ty NaOH, cht sp v du m, tro, kim cao, mu ti, BOD cao
soda, silicat natri v xo si vn. (30% tng BOD).
Ty trng Hipoclorit, hp cht cha clo, kim cao, chim 5%BOD.
NaOH, AOX, axit
Lm bng NaOH, tp cht. kim cao, BOD thp (di
1% tng BOD).
Nhum Cc loi thuc nhum, mu rt cao, BOD kh cao
axitaxetic v cc mui kim loi. (6% tng BOD), TS cao.
In Cht mu, tinh bt, du, t st, mu cao, BOD cao v du
mui kim loi,axit m.
Hon thin Vt tinh bt, m ng vt, Kim nh, BOD thp, lng nh.
mui.
(Ngun: Nguyn c Lng, Cng ngh x l nc thi, NXB i Hc Quc
Gia TP.HCM, Nm 2003)

Bng1.2: c tnh nc thi ca mt s x nghip Dt nhum Vit Nam


Hng bng Hng pha
c tnh sn phm n v Dt len Si
dt thoi dt kim
Nc thi m3/tn vi 394 264 114 236
pH 8-11 9-10 9 9-11
TS mg/l 400-1000 950-1380 420 800-1300
BOD5 mg/l 70-135 90-220 120-130 90-130
COD mg/l 150-380 230-500 400-450 210-230

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 11


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

mu Pt-Co 350-600 250-500 260-300


(Ngun: Nguyn c Lng, Cng ngh x l nc thi, NXB i Hc Quc
Gia TP.HCM, Nm 2003)

Bng1.3: Nng ca mt s cht nhim trong nc thi Dt nhum.


Thnh phn n v Nng
pH 2-14
COD Mg/l 60-5000
BOD Mg/l 20-3000
PO43- Mg/l 10-1800
SO42- Mg/l <5
mu Pt-Co 40-5000
Q m3/tn sp 4-4000
(Ngun: Hong Hu, X l nc thi, NXB Xy Dng, Nm 1996.)

Bng1.4: Tnh cht nc thi ca nh my Dt nhum Dng Tm


Thnh phn n v Nng
pH 8-10
COD Mg/l 1430
BOD Mg/l 860
SS Mg/l 560
mu Pt-Co 1000
(Ngun: Ban qun tr nh my cung cp nm 2010.)

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 12


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Bng1.5: QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi


cng nghip
Gi tr C
TT Thng s n v
A B
0
1 Nhit C 40 40
2 pH - 6-9 5,5-9
3 Mi - Khng kh Khng kh
chu chu
4 mu (Co-Pt pH = 7) - 20 70
5 BOD5 (200C) mg/l 30 50
6 COD mg/l 50 100
7 Cht rn l lng mg/l 50 100
8 Asen mg/l 0,05 0,1
9 Thu ngn mg/l 0,005 0,01
10 Ch mg/l 0,1 0,5
11 Cadimi mg/l 0,005 0,01
12 Crom (VI) mg/l 0,05 0,1
13 Crom (III) mg/l 0,2 1
14 ng mg/l 2 2
15 Km mg/l 3 3
16 Niken mg/l 0,2 0,5
17 Mangan mg/l 0,5 1
18 St mg/l 1 5
19 Thic mg/l 0,2 1
20 Xianua mg/l 0,07 0,1
21 Phenol mg/l 0,1 0,5
22 Du m khong mg/l 5 5
23 Du ng thc vt mg/l 10 20

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 13


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

24 Clo d mg/l 1 2
25 PCB mg/l 0,003 0,01
26 Ho cht bo v thc vt ln hu mg/l 0,3 1
c
27 Ho cht bo v thc vt Clo mg/l 0,1 0,1
hu c
28 Sunfua mg/l 0,2 0,5
29 Florua mg/l 5 10
30 Clorua mg/l 500 600
31 Amoni (tnh theo Nit) mg/l 5 10
32 Tng Nit mg/l 15 30
33 Tng Phtpho mg/l 4 6
34 Coliform MPN/100ml 3000 5000
35 Tng hot phng x Bq/l 0,1 0,1
36 Tng hot phng x Bq/l 1,0 1,0
(Ngun: Thng t s 25/2009/TT-BTNMT ngy 16 thng 11 nm 2009 ca B
Ti nguyn v Mi trng.)

1.3. NH HNG CA CC CHT GY NHIM TRONG


NC THI NGNH DT NHUM N NGUN TIP
NHN
- kim cao lm tng pH ca nc. Nu pH > 9 s gy c hi i vi
thy tinh, gy n mn cc cng trnh thot nc v h thong x l nc
thi.
- Mui trung tnh lm tng hm lng tng rn. Lng thi ln gy tc hi
i vi i sng thy sinh do lm tng p sut thm thu, nh hng n
qu trnh trao i ca t bo.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 14


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

- H tinh bt bin tnh lm tng BOD, COD ca ngun nc, gy tc hi i


vi i sng thy sinh do lm gim oxy ha tan trong ngun nc.
- mu cao do lng thuc nhum d i vo nc thi gy mu cho dng
tip nhn, nh hng ti qu trnh quang hp ca cc loi thy sinh, nh
hng xu ti cnh quan.
- Hm lng nhim cc cht hu c cao s lm gim oxy ha tan trong
nc nh hng ti s sng ca cc loi thy sinh.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 15


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

CHNG 2
MT S PHNG PHP X L NC THI DT NHUM

Do c th ca cng ngh, nc thi dt nhum cha tng hm lng cht rn


TS, cht rn l lng, mu, BOD, COD cao nn chn phng php x l thch
hp phi da vo nhiu yu t nh lng nc thi, c tnh nc thi, tiu chun
thi, x l tp trung hay cc b. V nguyn l x l, nc thi dt nhum c th
p dng cc phng php sau:
- Phng php c hc.
- Phng php ha hc.
- Phng php ha l.
- Phng php sinh hc.
2.1 X L NC THI BNG PHNG PHP C HC
Thng c p dng giai on u ca quy trnh x l, qu trnh c xem
nh bc m loi b cc tp cht v c v hu c khng tan hin din trong
nc nhm m bo tnh an ton cho cc thit b v cc qu trnh x l tip theo.
Ty vo kch thc, tnh cht ha l, hm lng cn l lng, lu lng nc thi
v mc lm sch m ta s dng mt trong cc qu trnh sau: lc qua song chn
rc hoc li chn rc, lng di tc dng ca lc ly tm, trng trng, lc v
tuyn ni.
X l c hc nhm mc ch
Tch cc cht khng ha tan, nhng vt cht c kch thc ln nh
nhnh cy, g, nha, l cy, gi rch, du m... ra khi nc thi.
Loi b cn nng nh si, thy tinh, ct...
iu ha lu lng v nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi.
Nng cao cht lng v hiu qu ca cc bc x l tip theo.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 16


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

2.1.1 Song chn rc


Song chn rc gm cc thanh kim loi tit din ch nht hnh trn, hnh ch
nht hoc hnh bu dc. Song chn rc c chia lm 2 loi, loi di ng v loi
c nh. Song chn rc c t nghing mt gc 60 900 theo hng dng chy.
Song chn rc nhm chn gi cc cn bn c kch thc ln dng si: giy, rau
c, rc...
2.1.2 Li chn rc
kh cc cht l lng c kch thc nh hoc cc sn phm c gi tr,
thng s dng li lc c kch thc l t 0,5 1mm. Khi tang trng quay,
thng vi vn tc 0,1 n 0,5 m/s, nc thi thng lc qua b mt trong hay
ngoi, ty thuc vo s b tr ng ng dn nc vo. Cc vt thi c co ra
khi mt li bng h thng co.
2.1.3 B iu ha
Do c im ca cng ngh sn xut mt s ngnh cng nghip, lu lng v
nng nc thi thng khng u theo cc gi trong ngy. S dao ng ln v
lu lng ny s nh hng khng tt n nhng cng trnh x l pha sau.
duy tr dng thi v nng vo cng trnh x l n nh, khc phc c nhng
s c vn hnh do s dao ng v nng v lu lng ca nc thi v nng cao
hiu sut ca cc qu trnh x l sinh hc ngi ta s thit k b iu ha. Th tch
b phi tng ng 6 12h lu nc trong b vi lu lng x l trung bnh. B
iu ha c phn loi nh sau:
- B iu ha lu lng.
- B iu ha nng .
- B iu ha c lu lng v nng .
2.2 X L NC THI BNG PHNG PHP HA HC
Cc phng php ha hc x l nc thi gm c: trung ha, oxy ha v kh.
Tt c cc phng php ny u dng tc nhn ha hc nn tn nhiu tin. Ngi
ta s dng cc phng php ha hc kh cc cht ha tan v trong cc h thng

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 17


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

nc khp kn. i khi phng php ny c dng x l s b trc khi x l


sinh hc hay sau cng on ny nh l mt phng php x l nc thi ln cui
thi vo ngun.
2.2.1 Phng php trung ha
Trung ha nc thi c thc hin bng nhiu cch khc nhau
- Trn ln nc thi vi axit hoc kim.
- B sung cc tc nhn ha hc.
- Lc nc axit qua vt liu lc c tc dng trung ha.
- Hp th kh axit bng cht kim hoc hp th amonic bng nc axit.
Trong qu trnh trung ha mt lng bn cn c to thnh. Lng bn ny
ph thuc vo nng v thnh phn ca nc thi cng nh loi v lng cc tc
nhn x dng cho qu trnh.
2.2.2 Phng php oxy ha kh
lm sch nc thi c th dng cc cht oxy ha nh Clo dng kh v ha
lng, dioxyt clo, clorat canxi, hypoclorit canxi v natri, pemanganat kali, bicromat
kali, oxy khng kh, ozon...
Trong qu trnh oxy ha, cc cht c hi trong nc thi c chuyn thnh
cc cht t c hn v tch ra khi nc thi. Qu trnh ny tiu tn mt lng ln
tc nhn ha hc, do qu trnh oxy ha hc ch c dng trong nhng trng
hp khi cc tp cht gy nhim bn trong nc thi khng th tch bng nhng
phng php khc.
Oxy ha bng Clo
Clo v cc cht c cha clo hot tnh l cht oxy ha thng dng nht. Ngi
ta s dng chng tch H2S, hydrosunfit, cc hp cht cha metylsunfit, phenol,
xyanua ra khi nc thi.
Khi clo tc dng vi nc thi xy ra phn ng
Cl2 + H2O = HOCl + HCl
HOCl # H+ + OCl-

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 18


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Tng clo, HOCl v OCl- c gi l clo t do hay clo hot tnh.


Cc ngun cung cp clo hot tnh cn c clorat canxi (CaOCl2), hypoclorit,
clorat, dioxyt clo, clorat canxi c nhn theo phn ng
Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 = CaOCl2 + H2O
Lng clo hot tnh cn thit cho mt n v th tch nc thi l: 10 g/m3 i
vi nc thi sau x l c hc, 5 g/m3 sau x l sinh hc hon ton.
Phng php Ozon ha
Ozo tc ng mnh m vi cc cht khong v cht hu c, oxy ha bng ozo
cho php ng thi kh mu, kh mi, tit trng ca nc. Sau qu trnh ozo ha
s lng vi khun b tiu dit n hn 99%, ozo cn oxy ha cc hp cht Nito,
Photpho...
2.3 X L NC THI BNG PHNG PHP HA - L
C ch ca phng php ha l l a vo nc thi cht phn ng no ,
cht ny phn ng vi cc tp cht bn trong nc thi v c kh nng loi chng
ra khi nc thi di dng cn lng hoc dng ha tan khng c hi.
Cc phng php ha l thng s dng kh nc thi l qu trnh keo t,
hp ph, trch ly, tuyn ni...
2.3.1 Qu trnh keo t to bng
Qu trnh ny thng c p dng kh mu, gim c, cn l lng v
vi sinh vt. Khi cho cht keo t vo nc th cha cn lng chm (hoc khng
lng c), cc ht mn kt hp li vi nhau thnh cc bng cn ln hn v nng,
cc bng cn ny c th t tch ra khi nc bng lng trng lc.
Hu ht cht keo t dng Fe(III), Al(III); Al2(SO4)3.14H2O, FeCl3. Tuy nhin
trong thc t ngi ta thng s dng phn st hn do chng c u im nhiu
hn phn nhm. Trong qu trnh keo t ngi ta cn s dng cht tr keo t
tng tnh cht lng nhanh v c chc do s hnh thnh bng lng nhanh v c
chc nh st, silicat hot tnh v polymer.
2.3.2 Phng php trch ly

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 19


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Trch ly pha lng c ng dng lm sch nc thi cha phenol, du, axit
hu c, cc ion kim loi... Phng php ny c ng dng khi nng cht thi
ln hn 3 4g/l, v khi gi tr cht thu hi mi b p chi ph cho qu trnh
trch ly.
Lm sch nc bng trch ly gm 3 giai on
- Trn mnh nc thi vi cht trch ly (dung mi hu c) trong iu
kim b mt tip xc pht trin gia cc cht lng hnh thnh 2 pha
lng, mt pha l cht trch ly vi cht c trch ly, mt pha l nc
thi vi cht trch ly.
- Phn ring hai pha lng ni trn.
- Ti sinh cht trch ly.
gim nng cht tan thp hn gii hn cho php cn phi chn ng cht
trch ly v vn tc ca n khi cho vo nc thi.

2.4 X L NC THI BNG PHNG PHP SINH HC


Phng php ny da trn c s hot ng phn hy cht hu c c trong
nc thi ca cc vi sinh vt. Cc vi sinh vt s dng cht hu c v mt s cht
khong lm ngun dinh dng v to nng lng. Trong qu trnh pht trin,
chng nhn cc cht dinh dng xy dng t bo, sinh trng v sinh sn.
Phng php ny c s dng x l hon ton cc cht hu c c kh nng
phn hy sinh hc trong nc thi. Cng trnh x l sinh hc thng c t sau
khi nc thi qua x l s b qua cc cng trnh x l c hc, ha hc, ha l.
Qu trnh sinh hc gm cc bc
- Chuyn cc hp cht c ngun gc cacbon dng keo v dng ha tan
thnh th kh v cc v t bo vi sinh.
- To ra cc bng cn sinh hc gm cc t bo vi sinh vt v cc cht keo
v c trong nc thi.
- Loi cc bng cn ra khi nc thi bng qu trnh lng.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 20


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Cht nhim bn trong nc thi dt nhum phn ln l nhng cht c kh nng


phn hy sinh hc. Thng nc thi dt nhum thiu ngun N v P dinh dng.
Khi x l hiu kh cn cn bng dinh dng theo t l BOD:N:P = 100:5:1 hoc
trn nc thi dt nhum vi nc thi sinh hot cc cht dinh dng trong
hn hp cn i hn. Cc cng trnh sinh hc nh: lc sinh hc, bn hot tnh, h
sinh hc hay kt hp x l sinh hc nhiu bc...

2.5 MT S S CNG NGH X L NC THI DT


NHUM
2.5.1 Cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum trong nc
2.5.1.1 Qui trnh cng ngh tng qut x l nc thi nhum vi
Trong ngnh cng nghip dt nhum, nc thi nhum gm ba loi chnh:
Nc thi phm nhum hot tnh.
Nc thi phm nhum sunfua.
Nc thi ty.
Thnh phn tnh cht nc thi nhum c trnh by theo bn sau:

n Kt qu
Ch tiu
v Nc thi hot tnh Nc thi sunfua Nc thi ty

pH 10-11 >11 >12


COD mg/l 450-1.500 10.000-40.000 9.000-30.000
BOD5 mg/l 200-800 2.000-10.000 4.000-17.000
N tng mg/l 5-15 100-1.000 200-1.000
P tng mg/l 0.7-3 7-30 10-30
SS mg/l - - -
Mu Pt-Co 7.000-50.000 10.000-50.000 500-2.000
c FAU 140-1.500 8.000-200.000 1.000-5.000

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 21


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Do mi loi nc thi c thnh phn v tnh cht c trng ring nn cng


ngh x l tng ng cng khc nhau. Trc tin, ta phi tch ring v x l s
b loi tr cc tc nhn gy hi i vi vi sinh vt ri nhp chung x l bng sinh
hc. Nc thi nhum vi c nng cht hu c cao, thnh phn phc tp v
cha nhiu hp cht vng kh phn hy sinh hc ng thi cc ha cht ph tr
trong qu trnh nhum c kh nng gy c ch vi sinh vt. Hn na nhit nc
thi rt cao, khng thch hp a trc tip vo h thng x l sinh hc. V vy, ta
phi tin hnh x l ha l trc khi a vo cc cng trnh sinh hc nhm loi tr
cc yu t gy hi v tng kh nng x l ca vi sinh.

S qui trnh cng ngh tng qut x l nc thi nhum vi

Trong cng ngh ny, nc thi nhum cc cng on s c thu gom v


x l s b ring:

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 22


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

- Nc thi hot tnh c tin hnh keo t bng phn st vi pH l 10-


10.5, hiu qu kh COD l 60-85%.
- Nc thi sunfua keo t pH khong 3, hiu qu kh COD khong
70%.
- Nc thi ty c tin hnh trung ha nhm a pH v 6.5. Khi
H2O2 s b phn hy thnh O2 bay ln gy ra bt ng thi h s c
tch ra khi nc.
Sau , nc ty s c a vo b trn cng vi nc sau lng ca nc thi
hot tnh v nc thi sunfua. B trn ng vai tr iu ha cht lng nc thi,
va l ni hiu chnh pH cho qu trnh lc sinh hc k kh tip theo. b lc k
kh, cht hu c mt phn s b phn hy thnh kh biogas hoc chuyn ha thnh
nhng hp cht d phn hy hn v s c tip tc oxy ha sinh hc trong b
aerotank. Nc thi sau x l sinh hc vn cha t tiu chun nn phi tin hnh
x l bc cao bng phng php keo t. Phn bn thi ra t cc b lng c a
vo my p bn, nc tch t bn c a tr li b trn, bn sau p c a i
chn lp.

2.5.1.2 S cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum ang c p


dng: Ha cht
Song B iu B tuyn
Nc thi
chn rc ha ni

Ngun B lc
tip nhn B cha B lc sinh hc
p lc

M t tm tt cng ngh thit b

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 23


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Nc thi trc tin theo cng thu gom, qua song chn rc chy vo b iu
ha. Sau khi tp trung ti b iu ha, nc thi c bm ln b tuyn ni. Trn
ng dn vo b tuyn ni c 03 ng ha cht chm vo l dung dch trung ha,
dung dch phn ng v dung dch tr lng. Qu trnh x l trong b tuyn ni c
thc hin bng cch ha tan trong nc nhng bt kh nh, cc bt kh ny bm
vo cc ht cn lm cho t trng t hp cn kh gim, lc y ni xut hin. Khi
lc y ni ln, hn hp cn - kh ni ln mt nc v c gt ra ngoi bng
tm gt cao su gn pha trn b. Bn cnh b tuyn ni cn thc hin chc nng
lng. Do nc thi vo b c ha trn vi cc cht to pH, cht keo t nn
trong b tuyn ni cn xy ra qu trnh keo t. Trn b tuyn ni c s dng mt
mt khuy vi tc thch hp kch thch qu trnh to bng. Cc ht bn keo
t to ra c t trng ln lng xung y b s c ly ra ngoi nh van x y.
Nc thi t mng thu nc b tuyn ni trn vo b lc sinh hc t di ln
trn qua lp vt liu ni l cc ht polystyren. Cc vi khun hin din trong nc
thi dnh bm ln lp sinh khi ni l nhng ht polystyrene hay cn gi l
Biostyrene v chng c loi b bng cch khng ch mi trng hot ng. Xc
vi sinh vt v cht rn l lng trong nc thi c loi b bng qu trnh ra
ngc. y l cng ngh lc sinh hc mi c p dng ti Vit Nam, c hiu qu
s dng rt cao, chim mt bng t, gi thnh thp.
Nc thi tip tc t chy n b cha t c th bm n thit b lc p lc
B lc p lc l cng trnh x l cui cng trong h thng x l nc thi. Sau
khi qua b lc p lc, nc thi c th c x ra cng.
Cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut khc
- Nc thi sau x l t tiu chun Vit Nam (QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT
Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi cng nghip ngun x loi B).
- Gi thnh x l 1m3 nc thi: 1500 - 2000/m3
u im ca CN/TB
- Cc thit b c ch to bng thp nn c th tho rp d dng khi cn di di
- Mt trong thit b c ph epoxy chng n mn, tng thi gian s dng
GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 24
SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

- H thng c iu khin t ng, trnh cho cng nhn c th tip xc trc


tip vi nc thi c hi
- Din tch chim dng mt bng gim 50% so vi b xy bng xi mng
- Thi gian thi cng ngn

2.5.2 Cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum trn th gii


2.5.2.1 Cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum si bng H Lan
Trong h thng c cng on x l ha l trc cng on x l sinh hc. Vi
cc thng s nh:
Nc thi c lu lng 3.000 - 4.000 m3/h; COD = 400 - 1.000 mg/l; BOD5 =
200 - 400 mg/l.
Nc sau x l BOD5 < 50 mg/l, COD < 100 mg/l.

Hnh 2.1: S nguyn l h thng x l nc thi ca cng ty Stork Aqua (H Lan)


1. Sng chn rc; 2. B iu ha; 3. B keo t; 4. thit b lng bn; 5. B sinh hc;
6. Thit b x l bn
2.5.2.2 Cng ngh x l nc thi dt nhum Greven (CHLB
c)
Nc thi y c cha 15-20% nc thi dt nhum. Cng sut ca 6h thng
l 6.000 - 7.000 m3/ngy, trong c 1100 - 1300m3/ngy nc thi dt nhum.

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S ny theo nguyn l kt hp x l ha l v sinh hc nhiu bc, sau lng


2 l mt h nhn to (c th l mt h cha ln). Phn bn ly ra t cc b lng
khng a tun hon s dng li m a vo x l k kh, ri lc p v a i
chn lp.
Nc thi sau b iu ha cn iu chnh v pH ti 9.5 bng vi sa. Phn st
c a vo lm keo t l 170 g/m3.

Ca(OH)2
Nc thi 1
B iu ha
Nc thi 2

Phn st Keo t

Lng

X l sinh hc nhiu bc

Lng X l bn ym kh

H nhn to Lc p

Bn
Ngun tip nhn

Hnh 3.2:S h thng x l nc thi sinh hot ln nc


thi dt nhum
(nc thi dt nhum chim 15 n 20%) Greven CHLB
c ).
u im:
Lng bn to ra nh (1m3 nc thi to ra 0.6 kg bn kh tuyt i).
Kt hp va x l nc thi sinh hot va x l nc thi dt nhum.

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CHNG 3
XUT PHNG N X L NC THI DT NHUM
V TNH TON THIT K H THNG X L
CNG SUT 300M3/NG.
3.1 C S LA CHN CNG NGH
3.1.1 Vic la chn s cng ngh da vo cc yu t c bn sau:
Cng sut trm x l.
Thnh phn v c tnh ca nc thi.
Tiu chun x nc thi vo cc ngun tip nhn tng ng.
Phng php s dng cn.
Kh nng tn dng cc cng trnh c sn.
iu kin mt nng v c im a cht thy vn khu vc xy dng.
Kh nng p ng thit b cho h thng x l.
Chi ph u t xy dng, qun l, vn hnh v bo tr.
3.1.2 Yu cu x l
Nc thi trc x l:
pH = 8 - 10
BOD5 = 860 (mg/l)
COD = 1430 (mg/l)
SS = 560 (mg/l)
mu = 1000 (Pt Co)
Tng N : 3,78 mg/l
Tng P : 1,54 mg/l
Nc thi sau x l: t tiu chun QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT Ct B
pH = 5,5 - 9
BOD5 < 50 (mg/l)
COD < 100 (mg/l)
Ngun tip nhn l h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca KCN

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3.2 XUT CNG NGH

NC THI DT NHUM

B THU GOM

MY TCH RC T NG THNG CHA


RC

THP GII NHIT

My thi kh
B IU HA

Ha cht
B KEO T, TO BNG

B LNG I

My thi kh B SINH HC HIU KH B NN BN


( AEROTANK)

MY P BN
B LNG II

Ha cht BN KH
B KH TRNG

NGUN TIP NHN


QCVN 24:2009, CT B

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3.2.1 THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG NGH


A. B thu gom
Nc thi t qu trnh sn xut ca nh my c dn v b thu gom. B thu gom
l cng trnh chuyn tip gia im pht sinh nc thi v trm x l. B thu gom
c nhim v tip nhn, trung chuyn v tn dng c cao trnh ca cc cng trnh
n v pha sau. Nc thi t b thu gom c bm nc thi bm ln my tch
rc t ng trc khi n thit b gii nhit nc thi.
B. My tch rc t ng
My tch rc c cu to gm mt hoc nhiu lc co rc ng thi c hai m cao
su lm kn mng dn nc thi. iu ny cho php ton b dng nc thi chy
vo my tch rc v my c th hot ng trong iu kin mc nc ca dng
chy thay i. Lc co rc hot ng ln xung lin tc cho php trnh c hin
tng tc nghn ca dng chy. My tch rc c thit k, ch to ng b v kt
cu gn nh, cho php lp t nhanh chng v c th hot ng c lp vi cc
hng mc khc ca h thng x l nc thi. Hu ht cc chi tit cu to ca my
tch rc bng thp khng r, cho php hot ng n nh lu di trong nhng mi
trng khc nghit cng nh hot ng lin tc theo thi gian.
C. Thit b gii nhit nc thi
Nc thi ca ngnh dt nhum c tnh cht c trng l nhit rt cao. nhit
pht sinh trong qu trnh hp vi trc khi nhum. Thit b gii nhit c t
ngay trc cng trnh x l nhm gim nhit ca nc thi n ngng cho
php. To iu kin cho cc qu trnh pha sau nht l cng on x l bng sinh
hc hot ng c hiu qu cao nht. Hin nay , trn th trng cung cp rt nhiu
cc thit b gii nhit bao gm c hng Vit Nam ln ngoi nhp.
D. B iu ho
B iu ha l ni tp trung cc ngun nc thi thnh mt ngun duy nht v
ng thi cha cho h thng hot ng lin tc.

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Do tnh cht ca nc thi dao ng theo thi gian trong ngy, (ph thuc nhiu
vo cc yu t nh: ngun thi v thi gian thi nc). V vy, b iu ha l cng
trnh n v khng th thiu trong bt k mt trm x l nc thi no.
B iu ha c nhim v iu ha lu lng v nng nc thi, to ch lm
vic n nh v lin tc cho cc cng trnh x l, trnh hin tng h thng x l
b qu ti. ng thi khng kh cng c sc lin tc vo b qua h thng ng
c l phn phi kh nhm trnh qu trnh ym kh xy ra di y b iu ha.
Nc thi sau b iu ha c bm ln b keo t, chnh pH (ng thi ha cht
keo t v ha cht chnh pH c bm nh lng bm vo).
E. B keo t, to bng
S dng ha trn cc cht vi nc thi nhm iu chnh kim ca nc
thi, to ra bng cn ln c trng lng ng k v d dng lng li khi qua b
lng I. y s dng phn nhm to ra cc bng cn v phn nhm ha tan
trong nc tt, chi ph thp.
Nh cnh khuy khuy trn chm ha cht to bng vi dng nc thi. Moteur
cnh khuy gip cho trnh ha trn gia ha cht vi nc thi c hon ton
nhng khng ph v s kt dnh gia cc bng cn. Nh c cht tr keo t bng
m cc bng cn hnh thnh kt dnh vi nhau to thnh nhng bng cn ln hn
c t trng ln hn t trng ca nc nhiu ln nn rt d lng xung y b v
tch ra khi dng nc thi. Nc thi t b keo t bng tip tc t chy qua b
lng I.
F. B lng 1
Nc thi t b to bng c dn vo ng phn phi nhm phn phi u trn
ton b mt din tch ngang y b. ng phn phi c thit k sao cho nc
khi ra khi ng v i ln vi vn tc chm nht (trong trng thi tnh), khi cc
bng cn hnh thnh c t trng ln thng c vn tc ca dng nc thi i
ln s lng xung y b lng. Hm lng cn (SS) trong nc thi ra khi thit b
lng gim 85 - 95%. Cn lng y b lng c dn qua b tch bn ri c
bm nh k n b nn bn.
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Mt s bng cn v bt kh nc khng lng xung y b m s ni ln trn mt


nc. Nh c h thng p thu nc v chn bt m cc bng cn v bt kh
khng theo nc ra ngoi c. Cc bng cn v bt kh c gi mt nc v
c x ngoi qua qua h thng phu thu bt n b tch bn.

Hnh: 2.2 Cu to b lng.


Nc thi sau khi lng cc bng cn s qua mng thu nc v c dn qua b
sinh hc hiu kh Aerotank.
G. B sinh hc hiu kh Aerotank
B x l sinh hc hiu kh bng bn hot tnh l lng l cng trnh n v quyt
nh hiu qu x l ca h thng v phn ln nhng cht gy nhim trong nc
thi.
Trong b Aerotank lng kh Oxy c cung cp lin tc trong ngy, chng c
thi gian nui dng cc chng vi sinh vt trong nc tn ti v tng trng.
Oxy cn c tc dng xo trn nc thi lin tc, lm tng thi gian tip xc gia
kh v nc thi. Qu trnh trn din ra lin tc s to iu kin thch nghi nhanh
ca vi sinh vt c trng trong x l nc thi dt nhum. Cc cht hu c
nhim sinh hc c chng sinh vt c trng dn thch nghi, chuyn ha bng c
ch hp th, hp ph b mt v bt u phn hy to ra CO2, H2O, H2S, CH4
cng t bo vi sinh vt mi. Vic thi kh lin tc nhm to iu kin cho vi sinh
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vt s dng Oxy pht trin v x l cc hp cht hu c c kh nng phn hy


sinh hc nhanh hn.

Nc sau khi ra khi cng trnh n v ny, hm lng COD v BOD gim 80-
95%.
H. B lng II
Nhim v: lng cc bng bn vi sinh t qu trnh sinh hc v tch cc bng bn
ny ra khi nc thi.
Nc thi t b lc sinh hc c dn vo ng phn phi nhm phn phi u trn
ton b mt din tch ngang y thit b. ng phn phi c thit k sao cho
nc khi ra khi ng v i ln vi vn tc chm nht (trong trng thi tnh), khi
cc bng cn hnh thnh c t trng ln thng c vn tc ca dng nc thi
i ln s lng xung y thit b lng. Nc thi ra khi thit b lng c nng
COD, BOD gim 80-90% (hiu qu lng t 75-90%). Bn d lng y b lng
c tp trung v gia y b v c dn qua b tch bn ri c bm nh k
n b nn bn.
Nc thi sau khi lng cc bng bn s qua mng thu nc v c dn qua b
kh trng.
I. B kh trng
Nc thi sau khi x l bng phng php sinh hc cn cha khong 10 5 106 vi
khun trong 100ml, hu ht cc loi vi khun ny tn ti trong nc thi khng
phi l vi trng gy bnh, nhng cng khng loi tr mt s loi vi khun c kh
nng gy bnh.
Khi cho Chlorine vo nc, di tc dng chy ri do cu to vch ngn ca b v
ha cht Chlorine c tnh oxi ha mnh s khuch tn xuyn qua v t bo vi sinh
vt v gy phn ng vi men bn trong ca t bo vi sinh vt lm ph hoi qu
trnh trao i cht dn n vi sinh vt b tiu dit.
Nc thi sau khi qua h thng x l t tiu chun ngun x: Ct B, QCVN
24:2009.
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J. B nn bn
Do hm lng nc cha trong bn ti b lng 1 v b lng 2 rt cao, do bn
cn phi a v b nn bn trc khi qua my p bn v thi b. Phn nc d
sau b nn bn c cht lng nc thp nn c a tr li b thu gom tip
tc x l.
K. My p bn
My p bn c s dng p ro bn trc khi c n v thu gom n thu
gom thi b ng theo quy nh.

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CHNG IV
TNH TON CHI TIT CC CNG TRNH N V CA H
THNG X L NC THI
4.1. Song chn rc
4.1.1.Nhim v
t trc h thu gom nc thi t cc ng ng nhm loi b cc loi rc th:
cnh cy, l cy, giy, ra c, ...
4.1.2.Tnh ton
SCR c th t vung gc so vi phng nm ngang hoc nghing 45 o 60o so
vi phng thng ng. Thng c cu to bng thp. Khe h 5 10 mm.
- Kch thc mng t song chn rc
Vn tc nc trong mng : chn v = 0,5 m/s
Chn kch thc mng B x H = 0,5m x 0,5m
Chiu cao lp nc trong mng

Qhmax 12,5
,
h 0,0139 m
3600 v B 3600 0,5 0,5

-Kch thc song chn rc


Kch thc thanh: rng x dy = b x d = 0,010m x 0,05m
Kch thc khe h gia cc thanh: w = 0,05 m
Gi s song chn rc c n khe h, m = n-1 thanh
B n w (n 1) b

500 n 50 (n 1) 15

n=7,9
Chn s thanh m=8 S khe h n=9
Khong cch gia cc khe c th iu chnh
500 (10 w) (8 10)

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w=42 mm
Tng tit din cc khe
A (B b.m).h

=( 600 10 x 8) x 14
= 5,9mm2
= 0,0059m2
Vn tc dng chy qua song chn
q 12, 360
V 0,5
, m s
A 0,002
Tn tht p lc qua song chn
1 V 2 v2 1 0,65 2 0,5 2
hl 0,0126m
0,7 2g 0,7 2 9,81

V: Vn tc dng chy qua song chn


v:vn tc nc thi trong mng
Tng lng SS khi khi qua song chn rc gim 10%
SScn li = 560*(1-0.1) = 504(mg/l)

STT Tn thng
STTs n v S liu thit k
1 B rng khe mm 36,5
2 S khe h khe 8
3 Chiu rng mng t song chn rc m 0,5
4 Chiu rng song chn m 0.5

4.2. B tip nhn


4.2.1.Nhim v
Nc thi t nh my c thu qua h thng cng thot nc.Sau khi qua song
chn rc nc thi chy vo b thu gom. Ty theo lu lng nc thi h thu gom
c chiu su t 5 10m, thi gian lu nc t 15 60 pht. H thu gom sau 1
nh k nht nh c v sinh.

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4.2.2.Tnh ton
Chn thi gian lu nc HRT=30 pht
30
Vb Qhmax HRT ,
12,5 6,25 m 3
60
Chn chiu su hu ch h= 2,5m, chiu cao an ton hs = 0,5m
Kch thc b L x B = 2,5m x 1m
Tng chiu cao hm tip nhn H = 3 m
t hai bm nhng chm (1 bm hot ng, 1 bm d phng)
c tnh bm: Q = 12,5m3/h, H = 10m
Lp 2 cng tc phao ni.
Cng sut my bm :
Qbm g H
N
1000

: hiu sut my bm ; chn = 0,85

12, 100 9,8 1


N 1 0 0,4 kW
5100 00,8 360
3/ Hp
4
0 5 0 p Hp
Cng sut thc ca my bm N = 1,2N = 1,2 x 3/4 =0,9
Chn bm c cng sut: 1Hp

STT Tn thng s n v S liu thit k


1 Chiu rng hm tip nhn m 1
2 Chiu di hm tip nhn m 2,5
3 Chiu su hm tip nhn m 3
4 Cng sut bm Hp 1s

4.3 B iu ha
4.3.1 Chc nng
Lu lng v cht lng nc thi t h thng thu gom chy v nh my x l
thng xuyn dao ng theo gi v theo ngy, do b iu ha c tc dng duy

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tr dng chy gn nh khng i, khc phc nhng vn vn hnh do d dao


ng lu lng nc thi gy ra v nng cao hiu sut ca cc qu trnh cui
dy chuyn x l.
Thu gom v iu ha lu lng v thnh phn cc cht nhim nh: BOD 5,
COD, SS, pH ng thi my nn kh cung cp Oxy vo nc thi nhm trnh
sinh mi thi ti y v lm gim khong 20 30% hm lng COD, BOD c
trong nc thi.
4.3.2 Tnh ton
Kch thc b
Th tch b iu ha
V = Qtbh*t = 12,5* 6 = 75 (m3)
Vi t l thi gian lu nc trong b iu ha, chn t = 6h
Th tch thc t b iu ha = K* B iu ha tnh ton
Vi K l h s an ton = 1,2
Vtt = 75 * 1,2 = 90(m3)
Chn Vtt = 90 m3
Chn chiu cao hu ch ca b hc = 3m
Din tch b
V tt 90
F 30 (m 2)
hc 3
Chn F = 30 m2
Kch thc b L*B = 7,5*4(m).
Chn mc nc thp nht ca b iu ha cho bm hot ng l 0,5m.
Th tch nc b phi cha l
V = 0,5*50 + 75 = 100 (m3)
Mc nc cao nht ca b l
100
H max
V tt 3, 3, m
F 5
5
Chn chiu cao an ton l 0,5 m

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Chiu cao ca b l
H = 3,5 + 0,5 = 4 (m)
Chn H = 4 m
Th tch xy dng b iu ha
Vxd = H * F = 4 * 30 = 120 (m3)
ng knh ng dn nc vo b
ngd
4*Q
D tb

24*3600* *v 0

Trong
v0 : Vn tc nc chy trong ng do chnh lch cao , v0 = 0,3 0,9
m/s, chn v0 = 0,7 m/s
ngd
4*Q tb 4*300
D 24*3600 * *0,7 79,6 (mm )
24 *3600 * *v0
Chn ng nha PVC dn nc vo b iu ha 90 mm
Cng sut bm nc thi
Cng sut bm
*Q* g * H 1000*0,00347 *9,81*10
N 0,43 KW
1000* 1000*0,8
Trong
Q : Lu lng nc thi trung bnh Q = Qtbs = 3,47*10-3 m3/s
H : Chiu cao ct p H = 10m
: Hiu sut my bm = 80%
Cng sut thc my bm ly bng 120% cng sut tnh ton
Nthc = 1,2*N = 1,2 * 0,43 = 0,516KW = 3/4 Hp
Cn 2 bm c cng sut 1 Hp hot ng thay phin nhau bm nc thi
sang thp gii nhit.
Tnh ton h thng cp kh cho b iu ha
Lng kh cn cung cp cho b iu ha
Qkk = q * V * 60
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Trong
q : Lng kh cn cung cp cho 1 m3 dung tch v trong 1 pht, q = 1-
0,015 m3kh/ m3b.pht, chn q = 0,01 m3kh/ m3b.pht (Ngun: Trnh
Xun Lai, Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi, nm 2004).
V : Th tch thc t ca b iu ha
Qkk = 0,01*90*60 = 54 (m3/h) = 0,015 (m3/s)
Thit b phn phi kh trong b iu ha l cc ng ngang c l, bao gm 4
ng ng vi chiu di mi ng ng l 4m, t dc theo chiu di b, ng
ng t cch tng 1 m, cc ng t cch nhau 1m.
ng knh ng phn phi kh chnh
4*Q
D kk

3600* *v k

Trong
Vk : Vn tc kh trong ng dn chnh, vk = 10 m/s
4*Q kk 4*54
D
3600* *v k 3600* *10
42 (mm)

Chn ng dn kh 60 mm vo b iu ha l ng thp.
Lng kh qua mi ng nhnh
Q kk 54
q kh 13,5 (m 3 / h)
4 4
ng knh ng nhnh dn kh
4*q
d kh

3600* *v kh

Trong
vkh : Vn tc kh trong ng nhnh, vkh = 10 15 m/s, chn vkh = 12 m/s
4*13,5
d
3600 * *12
20 (mm )

Chn ng nhnh bng thp, c ng knh 27mm

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Cng sc kh trn 1m chiu di ng



Q kk 54
q 1,7 (m 3 / h.mdi )
4* L 4*8
Lu lng kh qua 1 l

q v *
* d l 2

t
l
4
Trong
vl : Vn tc kh qua l, vl = 5 20 m/s (TCXD 51 84), chn vl =
15m/s.
dl : ng knh l, dl = 2 5 mm, chn dl = 4 mm

* 0,004 1,88*10
2

q 15 *
4
m / s 0,678
3
(m3 / h)
l
4
S l trn 1 ng
q 13,5
N 19,9 (l)
kh

q l 0,678

Chn N = 20 l/ng
Khi c phn phi n cc ng nhnh thng qua ng dn kh chnh lm bng
st trng km, t trn thnh b dc theo chiu rng b iu ha. ng dn kh
c t trn gi cao 8cm so vi y.
Tnh ton my thi kh
p lc cn thit ca h thng phn phi kh
Hk = hd + hc + hf + H
Trong
hd : Tn tht p lc do ma st dc theo chiu di ng dn, hd # 0,4 m, chn
hd = 0,3 m.
hc : Tn tht cc b, hc # 0,4 m, chn hc = 0,2 m.
hf : Tn tht qua thit b phn phi kh, hf # 0,5 m, chn hf = 0,5 m.
H : Chiu su hu ch ca b iu ha, H = 3,5m.
Hk = hd + hc + hf + H = 0,3 + 0,2 + 0,5 + 3,5 = 4,5 m.
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p lc my thi kh tnh theo Atmosphere


10,33 H k m 010,33 4,5
Pm 1,44 (atm)
10,33 10,33
Nng sut yu cu
Qkk = 54 (m3/h) = 0,015 (m3/s)
Cng sut my thi kh

N 34400P 1Q 344001,44 10,0150,71Kw 0,75 Kw


0,29 0, 29
k

102 n 102 0,85


Trong
Qk: lu lng khng kh.
P: p lc my thi kh.
n: Hiu sut my thi kh. chn n=0,8.
Ti b iu ha t 2 my thi kh 1 Hp hot ng lun phin nhau.
Hiu qu x l nc thi qua b iu ha
Nng cn l lng gim 4%, cn li
504 (504*4%) = 483,84 (mg/l)
Nng BOD5 gim 5%, cn li
860 (860*5%) = 814 (mg/l)
Nng COD gim 5%, cn li
1430 (1430*5%) = 1357 (mg/l)
Kt qu tnh ton
STT Tn thng s n v S liu
1 Chiu di (L) m 7,5
2 Chiu rng (B) m 4
3 Chiu cao tng cng (H) m 4
4 Lu lng khng kh sc vo b (Qkk) m3/h 54
5 Cng sc kh (q) m3/h.mdi 1,7
6 ng knh ng sc kh chnh (D) mm 60

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STT Tn thng s n v S liu


7 ng knh ng sc kh nhnh (d) Mm 27
8 ng knh l sc kh (d) mm 4
9 Mc nc cao nht (h) m 3,5
10 Mc nc thp nht (hmin) m 0,5
11 Khong cch gia cc l mm 473

4.4 B phn ng
4.4.1 Chc nng
L ni din ra qu trnh keo t, to iu kin thun li cc cht keo t tip
xc vi cn bn lm tng khi lng ring cc ht cn bn, ng thi trong b c
thit b khuy trn nhm tng cng hiu qu ca qu trnh. B c tc dng b tr
tt hn cho cc cng trnh x l tip theo c bit l b lng 1 v b Aerotank.
4.4.2 Tnh ton
Th tch b

V Q *t 300 *30 6,25 (m 3)


24*60

Chn thi gian lu t 30 60 pht, chn t = 30 pht


qu trnh to bng xy ra c tt v gradient gim t u b n cui b.
Chia lm 3 b mi b c th tch V1 = V/3 = 2,08 m3
Chn b hnh vung B*L*H = 1,4m*1,4m*1,2m
Chn loi cnh khuy l cnh gung gm 1 trc quay v 4 bn cch t i
xng nhau.
Cnh gung cch 2 mp tng mt khong = (1,2 0,8)/2 = 0,20 (m)
ng knh cnh gung D = Chiu rng b - 0,20*2 = 1,4 0.4 = 1,0 m
ng knh cnh cch mt nc v y 0,3 m.
Chiu di cnh gung d = H 0,2 = 1,2 0,2 = 1,0 m
Kch thc bn cnh

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 42


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Chn chiu rng bn 0,1 m


Chn chiu di bn 0,8 m
Din tch bn cnh khuy f = 0,8*0,1 = 0,08 m2
Tng din tch 4 bn Fc = 4*f = 4*0,08 = 0,32 m2
Tit din ngang ca b phn ng Fu = 1,6*1,4 = 2,24 m2

T l din tch cnh khuy: F c 0,32


2,24 100% 14,2% 15%
*
F u

Bn knh bn cnh khuy: R1 = D/2 = 1,1/2 = 0,55 m


R2 = 0,55 0,25 = 0,3 m
Bung phn ng 1
Chn s vng quay cnh n = 8v/ph
Nng lng cn thit cho b
N = 51 * C * f * v3
Trong
f : Tng din tch ca bn cnh khuy (m2)
v : Tc chuyn ng tng i ca cnh khuy so vi mt nc (m/s)
C : H s sc cn ca nc, ph thuc vo t l chiu di l v chiu rng b ca
bn cnh qut:
Khi l/b = 5 , C = 1,2
Khi l/b = 20 , C = 1,5
Khi l/b = 21 , C = 1,9
T s chiu di v chiu rng = 0,8/0,1 = 8 # C = 1,3
Din tch bn cnh khuy i xng f = 2*0,08 = 0,16 m2
Vn tc tng i ca cnh khuy so vi nc
v = 0,75 * (2 * * R * n/60)
Do c 2 bn cnh khuy ng vi 2 bn knh R1 v R2, nn
v1 = 0,75 * (2**0,50*8/60) = 0,314 m/s
v2 = 0,75 * (2**0,2*8/60) = 0,125 m/s
Nng lng cn thit cho b
GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 43
SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

N = 51 * C * f * v3 # N = 51*C*f*(v13 + v23)
N = 51 * 1,3 * 0,16 * (0,3143 + 0,1253) = 0,35 W
Nng lng tiu hao cho vic khuy trn 1m3 nc
W = N/V = 0,35/2 = 0,175 W
Gradien vn tc: 0,175
G 10 * W 10 * 44,4 ( s 1)
0,0089
: nht ng lc ca nc 250C, = 0,0089 kgm3/s
Bung phn ng 2
Chn s vng quay cnh khuy n = 6 v/ph
Vn tc tng i ca cnh khuy so vi nc
v = 0,75 * (2* * R* n/60)
Do c 2 bn cnh khuy ng vi 2 bn knh R1 v R2, nn
v1 = 0,75* (2* * 0,50* 6/60) = 0,2355 m/s
v2 = 0,75* (2* * 0,2* 6/60) = 0,0942 m/s
Nng lng cn thit cho b
N = 51* C* f* (v13 + v23)
N = 51* 1,3* 0,16* (0,23553 + 0,09423) = 0,15 W
Nng lng tiu hao cho vic khuy trn 1 m3 nc
W = N/V = 0,15/2 = 0,075 W
Gradien vn tc: 0,075
G 10 * W 10 * 28 ( s 1)
0,0089
Bung phn ng 3
Chn s vng quay cnh khuy n = 5 v/ph
Vn tc tng i ca cnh khuy so vi nc
v = 0,75 * (2* * R* n/60)
Do c 2 bn cnh khuy ng vi 2 bn knh R1 v R2, nn
v1 = 0,75* (2* * 0,50* 5/60) = 0,1963 m/s
v2 = 0,75* (2* * 0,2* 5/60) = 0,0785 m/s

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 44


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Nng lng cn thit cho b


N = 51* C* f* (v13 + v23)
N = 51* 1,3* 0,16* (0,19633 + 0,07853) = 0,085 W
Nng lng tiu hao cho vic khuy trn 1 m3 nc
W = N/V = 0,085/2 = 0,043 W
Gradien vn tc: 0,043
G 10 * W 10 * 20,86 ( s 1)
0,0089
Nc t b phn ng t chy qua b lng I do chnh lch mc nc.
Kt qu kim ton
STT Thng s n v S liu
1 Chiu di (L) m 1,4
2 Chiu rng (B) m 1,4
3 Chiu cao (H) m 1,2
4 S b - 3
5 ng knh cnh gung (D) m 1
6 Bn knh cnh gung R1 m 0,5
7 Bn knh cnh gung R2 m 0,2

4.5 B lng I
4.5.1 Chc nng
Khi nc thi chy lin tc vo b lng 1 th di tc dng ca trng lc cc
ht phn tn nh, cc cht l lng s b lng xung y b v c tho ra ngoi.
4.5.2 Tnh ton
Chn b lng t 1 c dng trn, nc thi vo t tm v thu nc theo chu vi
(b lng ly rm).

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 45


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Bng 1.4: Cc thng s thit k c trng cho b lng ly tm


Gi tr
Thng s
Trong khong c trng
1. Thi gian lu nc (h) 1,5 2,5 2
2. Ti trng b mt (m3/m2.ngy) 32 48 40
Lu lng trung bnh 32 48
Lu lng cao im 80 120
3. ng trung tm:
ng knh (15 20%)D
Chiu cao (55 65%)H
4. Chiu su H ca b lng (m) 3 4,6
5. ng knh D ca b lng (m) 3 60 3,7
6. dc y (mm/m) 62 167 12 - 45
7. Tc thanh gt bn (v/ph) 0,02 0,05 83
0,03
Ngun: Lm Minh Trit, X l nc thi th v cng nghip tnh ton thit
k cng trnh, trang 482, Nm 2004.
Din tch b mt lng
tb
Q
A
ng

L A

LA : Ti trng b mt (m3/m2.ngy)
Chn : LA = 40 (m3/m2.ngy)
tb
Qng 300
A
L A 40
7,5 m 2
ng knh b lng: 4* 7,5
D 4* A 3,14 3,09(m)

Chn D = 3,5 m
ng knh ng trung tm: d = 20%D = 0,7 (m)
Chiu cao tng cng ca b lng t I
GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 46
SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Htc = H + hn + hth + h` = 3 + 1,55 + 0,15 + 0,5 = 5,2 (m)


Ly Htc= 5,3m
Chiu cao phn hnh nn

D d n * tg

hn 2

Chn = 450
3,5 0,4
hn D d n *tg
0

*tg 45 1,55m
2 2

Chn: Chiu cao b lng : H = 3 m


Chiu cao phn hnh nn : hn = 1,55 m
Chiu cao lp trung ha : hth = 0,15 m
Chiu cao bo v : hbv = 0,5 m
Chiu cao ng trung tm
Htt = 60%H = 0,6* 3 = 1,8 (m)
ng knh phn loe ng trung tm
Dloe = 1,35* d = 1,35* 0,7 = 0,945 (m)
ng knh tm ngn: dh = 1,3* Dloe = 1,3* 0,945 = 1,23 (m)
Khong cch t mp ngoi ca ming loe n mp ngoi cng ca b mt
tm ngn theo mt phng qua trc.


4*Q
L
v * * D d
k n

Trong
vk = 0,02 m/s: Tc dng nc chy qua khe h gia ming loe ng
trung tm v b mt tm ht.
dn : ng knh y nh ca hnh chp ct, chn dn = 0,4 m

4*300 m
0,02* * 3,5 0,4* 24 3600
L 0,057

Kim tra li thi gian lu nc trong b lng

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 47


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Th tchphnlng
W
4
* D 2

d
2
* H 3 ,14
4
*
3,5 0 , 7 *
2 2
3 27,7 m
3

Thi gian lu nc
W 27,7
t tb 5 2,2 (h) 1,5 (h)
Q h 12,
Ti trng mng trn
tb
Q ng 300
LS 3,14*4 39,8 m / m.ng 500 m / m.ng
3 3

*D
Th tch tng cng ca b
2

* Db * 3,14*3,5*5,5 42,9
2
3
V b H tc ( m)
4 4

Chn Vb = 43 (m3)

Tnh ton mng thu nc


Chn
B rng mng: bm = 0,25 m
Chiu su: hm = 0,3 m
ng knh trong mng thu
Dmt = D - 2*0,25 = 3(m)
ng knh ngoi mng rng ca
Dm = Dmt 2*br = 3 -2* 0,1 = 2,8(m)
Chiu di mng thu t theo chu vi b
Lm = *Dmt = 3,14* 3,5 = 10,99 (m)
Ti trng thu nc trn b mt mng
tb
Q ng 300
Um 27,3 m / m.ng
3

L m 12,56
Tnh mng rng ca
Drc = D = 3,5 (m)
GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 48
SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Chiu di mng rng ca


lm = * Dmt = 3,14* 2,8 = 8,79 (m)
Chn
S khe: 4 khe/1m di, khe to gc 900
B rng rng ca: brng = 100 mm
B rng khe: bk = 150 mm
Chiu su khe: hk = bk/2 = 150/2 = 75 (mm)
Chiu cao tng cng ca mng rng ca: htc = 200 mm
Tng s khe: n = 4lm = 4* 8,79 = 35,1(khe) = Chn n = 36 khe
Lu lng nc chy qua mt khe
tb
Q
q k nng 300
36 8,33 m3 / khe.ng

Ti trng thu nc trn 1 mng trn


tb
Q ng 300
Lm 34,1 m / m.ng
3

l m 8,79
Chiu su ngp nc ca khe
5

8*C * 2 g * tg * h
2

2
d ng

q
k
15
Trong
Cd : H s chy trn, Chn Cd = 0,6
: Gc rng ca ( = 900)
2
5

qk
h ng

8 * C d * 2 * g * tg
15 2

2
5

8,33
0 ,022 ( m ) 0 ,75 ( m )
8
* 0 ,6 * 2 * 9,81 * tg 45 0 *3600 * 24
15

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 49


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

ng knh ng dn nc t b lng ra ngoi


Chn vn tc nc trong ng dn v = 0,8 m/s (Theo iu 2.6.2 TCVN-51-84).
ng knh ng dn nc
tb
4*Qng
D *v 3,14*04,8**300
3600*24 73 (mm)
Vy chn ng PVC c 90 mm
Tnh ton h thng thu x cn
Th tch phn lng

* 3,5 0 , 7 * 3 27,7

* D d * H m
3 ,14 2 2

2 2 3
W
4 4
Lng cn cn x l 60% trong thi gian 30 pht
Vy lng cn cn x = 27,7 * 0,6/(60*30) = 0,0092 (m3/s).
Chn vn tc x cn l v = 1 m/s.
ng knh ng x cn l

Dcan 4**Wv 43*,14


0,0092108,4 (mm)
*1

Chn ng knh ng dn bn = 120 mm


Hiu qu x l cn 80% v ti trng 40m3/m2.ngy.
Lng bn ti sinh ra mi ngy
Mti = 483,84gSS/m3* 300m3/ngy* (0,8)/1000g/kg = 116,1 kgSS/ngy
Lng bn ti c kh nng phn hy sinh hc
Mti (VSS) = 116,1 kg/ngy* 0,75 = 87,1 kg/ngy
Trong : t s VSS/SS = 0,75
Qu trnh nn bn trng lc xy ran gay ti phn y ca b lng I. Bn d
t b lng I c a vo b nn bn.
Xc nh hiu qu x l BOD5, COD v SS
b lng I hiu qu lng cn SS t 70 90%, vi hiu qu x l 80% v
BOD5 t 25 50% vi hiu qu x l 30%, hiu qu kh mu t 92%.
Cn l lng SS sau b lng I
GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 50
SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

SS = 483,84* (1 0,8) = 96,77 (mg/l)


BOD5 cn li sau b lng I
BOD5 = 814* (1 0,3) = 570 (mg/l)
COD cn li sau b lng I
COD = 1357* (1 0,3) = 950 (mg/l)
mu ca nc thi sau b lng I
mu = 1000* (1 0,92) = 80 (Pt Co).
Kt qu tnh ton
STT Thng s n v S liu
1 ng knh m 3,5
2 Chiu cao ct nc m 4,8
3 Chiu cao tng m 5,3
4 Chiu cao phn chp y 45% m 1,55
5 Th tch thc ca b m3 43
6 Thi gian lu nc (t) h 2,2
7 ng knh trong mng thu nc (Dmng) m 3
8 ng knh ngoi mng rng ca (Drng ca) m 2,8
9 ng knh ng dn nc ra b (Ddn nc) mm 90
10 ng knh ng dn bn ra b (Dbn) mm 120

4.6 B Aerotank
4.6.1 Chc nng
L thit b ch yu x l COD, BOD trong dng thi bng hot ng ca
cc vi sinh vt hiu kh. Ngoi ra, n cn c tc dng gim mt s tc nhn
nhim khc trong dng thi nh TS, cc mui SO42-, NO3-... B Aeroten c qu
trnh cp kh nhm cung cp lng oxy cn thit cho qu trnh hot ng ca cc
vi sinh vt, ng thi ngn nga vic lng bn trong b - trnh xy ra s phn hy

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 51


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

ym kh gy nh hng n qu trnh. Sn phm phn hy sinh hc l kh CO 2,


H2O v bn hot ha (sinh khi).
4.6.2 Tnh ton
S liu tnh ton
Hm lng BOD5 ca nc thi dn vo Aerotank, S0 = 570 mg/l.
T l BOD5/COD = 570/950=0,6
Hm lng cht l lng trong nc thi dn vo Aerotank SS = 96,77
mg/l
Hm lng BOD5 trong nc thi cn t sau x l S = 50 mg/l
Lu lng trung bnh ca nc thi trong 1 ngy m Qtbng = 500
m3/ngd
Hm lng cht l lng cn t sau x l 50 mg/l, trong l cht rn
d phn hy sinh hc.
Nhit nc thi, t = 250C
Cht l lng trong cht thi u ra l cht rn sinh hc cha 80% cht
d bay hi (Z = 20%)
% cn hu c l a = 75% (cht c kh nng phn hy sinh hc).
Thng s la chn (Trnh Xun Lai, Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l
nc thi, Bng 6-1, Trang 91, Nm 2000)
Thi gian lu bn, c = 3 15 ngy
T s F/M = 0,2 0,6 kgBOD5/kgVSS.ngy
T s BOD5/BODl = 0,68
Ti trng th tch, Ls = 0,32 0,64 kgBOD/m3.ngy
Nng bn sau khi ha trn X = 2500 4000 mg/l
H s h hp ni bo, Kd = 0,06 0,15 ngy-1
T s tun hon bn hot tnh, Qth/Q = 0,25 1
T s BOD5/COD, F = 0,6
H s sn lng bn, Y = 0,4 0,8 mgVSS/mgBOD5

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 52


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Xc nh hm lng BOD5 ha tan trong nc thi u ra


Tng BOD5 ra = BOD5 ha tan + BOD5 ca cn l lng
Nng BOD5 ca nc thi u ra: BOD5ra # 50 mg/k
Hm lng cht l lng c kh nng phn hy sinh hc u ra
B = 50* 0,75 = 37,5 mg/l
COD ca cht l lng c kh nng phn hy sinh hc u ra
c = 37,5 mg/l* 1,42 (mgO2 tiu th/mg t bo oxy ha)* (1 0,2) = 42,6
mg/l
BOD5 ca cht l lng u ra
d = 42,6* 0,68 = 29,97(mg/l)
BOD5 ha tan trong nc thi u ra
e = BOD5 cho php d = 50 - 28,97 = 21,03 (mg/l)
Hiu qu x l
Hiu qu x l tnh theo BOD5
S0 S 57050 *
E 1
*100% 100% 91,2%
S 05 570
Tnh ton kch thc b Aerotank
Th tch b Aerotank
Q*Y * S S
C 0
V
X * 1 K *
d C

Trong
Q : Lu lng trung bnh ngy.
Y : H s sn lng bn, chn Y = 0,6 mgVSS/mgBOD5
c : Thi gian lu bn, Chn c = 3 ngy
X : Nng cht l lng d bay hi trong bn hot tnh, chn X = 2500
mg/l
Xb : Nng bn hot tnh tun hon, chn Xb = 8000 mg/l
Kd : H s phn hy ni bo, Kd = 0,06 ngy-1
S0 : Nng BOD5 ca nc thi dn vo b aerotank, S0 = 570 mg/l
GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 53
SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

S : Nng BOD5 ha tan ca nc thi ra b aerotank, S = 21,03 mg/l


300 * 0,6 *3* 570 21,03
V 104 ,49 m
3

2500 * 1 0,06 *3
Chn V = 105 m3
Trong chn
Chiu cao hu ch ca b Aerotank, H = 4 m
Chiu cao bo v b Aerotank, hbv = 0,5 m
Chiu cao xy dng ca b Aerotank
Hxd = H + hbv = 4 + 0,5 = 4,5 (m)
Din tch mt bng ca b Aerotank

26 m 2

V
105
S
H 4
Chn Aerotank gm 1 n nguyn vi kch thc L* B* H = 7* 4 * 4,5
(m)
Thi gian lu nc trong b Aerotank

8,4 h
V 105
tb
Q h 12,5
Tnh ton lng bn tun hon
Thng thng ngi vn hnh h thng tun hon bn s ly khong 40 70%
tng lng bn hot tnh sinh ra, ngoi ra chng ta cng c th tnh theo cng
thc:


C C 240096,77
*100% *100% 67,7%
hh ll
P
C Cth 5800 2400
hh

Ly =68%
Chh : Nng bn hot tnh trong hn hp nc bn chy t aerotank
n b lng II, Chh = 2000 3000 mg/l, ly Chh = 2400 mg/l.
Cll : Nng cht l lng trong nc thi chy vo aerotank, Cll = 96,77
mg/l.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 54


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Cth : Nng bn hot tnh tun hon, Cth = 5000 6000 mg/l, ly Cth =
5800 mg/l.
Lu lng trung bnh ca hn hp bn hot tnh tun hon:
P*Q tb.h 68*12,5 3 3
Q th 8,5m / h 204 m / ng
100 100
Vy, ta c
Q 204
th 0,68
Q 300
Tnh ton lng bn sinh ra
Tc tng trng ca bn tnh theo cng thc:
Y 0.6
Yb 0.375
1 c * kd 1 10 * 0.06

Lng bn hot tnh sinh ra trong 1 ngy


Px Yb * Q * ( S 0 S ) 0.375 * 300 * (570 21,03) 61760 ( g ) 61,76 (kg / ngy )
Tng cn l lng sinh ra theo tro ca cn Z = 0.3
Px 61,76
Pxl 88 kg / ngy
1 Z 0.7

Lng cn d hng ngy phi x i


Px Pxl Q * 50 *10 3 88 300 * 50 *10 3 73 (kg / ngy )
Tnh lu lng x bn Qx theo cng thc:
V*X

Qx * X T Qr * X r

(Gio trnh tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi Trnh Xun Lai)
Suy ra:
V * X Qr * X x * x 168 * 2500 300 * 26,25 *10
Qx 3,28(m 3 / ngy )
X T * c 5600 *10

Trong :
V: th tch = 168 (m3)
Qr = Qv = 300 (m3/ngy)

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 55


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

X = 2500 (mg/l)
XT = 0.7 *8000 = 5600 (mg/l)
Xr = 37.5 * 0.7 = 26,25 (0.7 l t l lng cn bay hi trong tng s cn hu c,
cn khng tro)
Thi gian tch ly cn (tun hon ton b) khng x cn ban u
V * X 100 * 8000
T 13,6 (ngy )
Px 61,76

Thc t s di hn 3 4 ln v nng bn cha trong hiu qu x l thi


gian u s thp v lng bn sinh ra t hn Px
Sau khi h thng hot ng n nh th lng bn hu c x ra hng ngy
B = Qx * 8000 g/m3 = 5,16 * 8000 = 26,25 = 26,25 (kg/ngy)
Trong cn bay hi
B = 0.7 * 26,25 = 18,375 (kg/ngy)
Lng cn bay hi trong nc x l ra khi b Qr * Xr
B = 300 * 26,25 * 10-3 = 7,875 (kg/ngy)
Tng cn hu c sinh ra
B + B = 18,375 + 8,875 = 26,25 (kg/ngy) = Px

Tnh ton ng ng dn nc
T b lng t I, nc thi t chy sang b Aerotank. Sau qu trnh x l sinh
hc nc thi tip tc chy sang b lng t II.
ng knh ng dn nc ra khi b Aerotank
4*Q
D
n
24*3600* *v n

Trong
vn : Vn tc nc t chy trong ng dn do chnh lch cao
vn = 0,3 0,9 m/s; chn vn = 0,7 m/s
4*Q 4*300
Dn 79 (mm)
24*3600* *vn 24*3600* *0,7
GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 56
SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Chn ng nhc PVC dn nc ra khi b Aerotank c # 90 mm


ng knh ng dn bn tun hon
4*Q
D th
b
24*3600* *v n

Trong
Qth : Lu lng bn tun hon, Qth = 204 m3/ngy.
vb : Vn tc bn chy trong ng trong iu kin bm, vb = 1 2 m/s,
chn vb = 1,5m/s.
4*204,00
Dn 45 (mm)
24*3600 * *1,5
Chn ng dn bn l ng nha PVC, ng knh # 60 mm
Tnh bm bn tun hon
Cng sut bm
*Qt * g * H 1000 *0,00236 *9,81*8
N 0,232 ( KW )
1000 * 1000 *0,8
Qt : Lu lng bn tun hon, Qt = 204 m3/ngy = 2,36* 10-3 m3/s.
H : Chiu cao ct p, H = 8 m
: Hiu sut my bm, chn = 0,8
Cng sut thc ca bm ly bng 120% Cng sut tnh ton
Nthc = 1,2* N = 1,2* 0,232 = 0,278 KW = 0,37 Hp
Chn cng sut bm thc 0,5 Hp
Xc nh lng khng kh cn thit cung cp cho b Aerotank
Lng khng kh i qua 1m3 nc thi cn x l (lu lng ring ca
khng kh).

2*S 0
2*570 20,36m / m
3 3
D nuoc thai
K *H 14*4
Trong
S0 : Nng d BOD5 u vo, S0 = 570 mg/l
K : H s s dng khng kh, chn K = 14 g/m3.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 57


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

H : Chiu cao hu ch ca b Aerotank, H = 4 m.


Thi gian cn thit thi khng kh vo b Aerotank

2*S0
2*570 12,15 (h)
t 14*6,7
K *I
I : Cng thi kh, I ph thuc vo hm lng BOD20 ca nc thi
dn vo b Aerotank v BOD20 sau x l, chn I = 6,7 m3/m2.h
Lng khng kh cn thit thi vo b Aerotank trong ngy
V = D* Qngtb = 20,36* 300 = 6,108 (m3/ngy).
V = 0,07 m3/s.
Lng khng kh cn thit chn my thi kh l
q = 0,12* 2 = 0,24 (m3/s). H s an ton khi s dng my nn l 2.
Chn thit b khuch tn kh dng a, ng knh d = 270 mm, chiu cao h
= 100 mm, lu lng kh qua mi phn phi, q = 200 l/pht.a
S lng a thi kh cn lp t trong b Aerotank
3

N q 6.106 m3 /3ngay 23 (ia )


q1 200 l / phut .dia *10 m / l * 24*60 ph / ng

Vy s a thi kh cn lp t trong b Aerotank l 23 ci.


p lc v cng sut ca my thi kh
p lc cn thit cho h thng kh nn xc nh nh sau
Hct = hd + hc + hf + H
hd : Tn tht p lc do ma st dc theo chiu di ng dn, chn hd =
0,2 (m).
hc : Tn tht cc b, chn hc = 0,2 (m).
hf : Tn tht qua thit b phn phi, chn hf = 0,5 (m).
H : Chiu su hu ch ca b, H = 4m.
Hct = 0,2 + 0,2 + 0,5 + 4 = 4,9 (m).
p lc khng kh s l
10,33 H 10,33 4,9
P ct
1,474 (at )
10,33 10,33

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 58


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Cng sut my thi kh


N 34400 P 1 0,14 34400 1,47 1 0,14 4,5Kw
0, 29 0, 29

102 n 102 0,8

Trong :
qk: lu lng khng kh.
n: hiu sut my thi kh chn = 0,8.
Ti b Aerotank t 2 my thi kh 6 Hp hot ng lun phin nhau.
Cch phn phi a thi kh trong b.
Kh t ng dn chnh phn phi ra 4 ng ng ph (t dc theo chiu
rng b) cung cp cho b Aerotank.
Trn mi ng ng dn kh ph lp t 6 u ng thi kh dng a.
Khong cch gia hai ng ng dn kh ph t gn nhau l 1 m.
Khong cch gia hai ng ng ngoi cng n thnh b l 0,5 m v
0,64m.
Khong cch gia hai u thi kh gn nhau l 1 m.
Kch thc tr l: L* B* H = 0,2 m* 0,2 m* 0,2 m
Tnh ton ng ng dn kh
Lng kh qua mi ng nhnh
Chn s lng ng nhnh phn phi kh l 6 ng
q k q6
'
0,614 0,024m3/s

ng knh ng dn kh chnh
4*q
D
k
*v
Trong
vk : Vn tc kh trong ng dn chnh, vk = 15 m/s
4* q 4*0,14
D k *v
3,14 *15 109 (mm )

Chn ng dn kh chnh l ng thp, ng knh # 114 mm


GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 59
SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

ng knh ng nhnh dn kh
'
4*q
d k
k
*v
Trong
v : Vn tc kh trong ng nhnh, v = 15 m/s

4*0,024
d k
3,14*15 45 (mm)
Chn loi ng dn kh nhnh l ng thp, ng knh # 49 mm
Kim tra li vn tc
Vn tc kh trong ng chnh
4*q 4*0,14
V kh
2 13,7 (m / s)
* D 3,14*0,114
2

Vn tc kh trong ng nhnh
'
4*q k 4*0,024
vkh
2 12,7 (m / s)
*d 3,14*0,049
2

Kt qu tnh ton
STT Thng s n v S liu
1 Chiu di (L) m 7
2 Chiu rng (B) m 4
3 Chiu cao tng cng (H) m 4,5
4 Lu lng khng kh sc vo b Aerotank (OK) m3/s 0,14
5 Lu lng kh qua mi ng nhnh (qk) m3/s 0,024
6 ng knh ng dn nc ra khi b Aerotank (Dn) mm 114
7 ng knh ng dn bn tun hon (Db) mm 60
8 ng knh ng dn kh chnh (Dk) mm 114
9 ng knh ng dn kh nhnh (dk) mm 49
10 S lng a phn phi trong b Aerotank ci 24
11 S lng ng nhnh phn phi kh ng 6

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 60


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

STT Thng s n v S liu


12 Thi gian tch ly cn thc t Ngy 30
13 Thi gian lu nc trong b Aerotank h 8,4
Hiu qu kh mu ca b Aerotank l 50%
mu cn li sau x l sinh hc
mu = 80* (1 0,5) = 40 (Pt Co).
4.7 B lng II
4.7.1 Chc nng
Sau khi qua b Aerotank, hu ht cc cht hu c trong nc thi b loi hon
ton. Tuy nhin, lng bn hot tnh trong nc thi l rt ln, b lng II c nhim
v tch lng bn sinh hc sinh ra trong b Aerotank ra khi dng thi, mt phn
dng bn lng c tun hon tr li b Aerotank duy tr lng bn sinh hc
trong b, phn cn li c bm vo b cha bn.
4.7.2 Tnh ton
Din tch b tnh ton
Q*(1 )*C
S lang
0

C *V
t L

Trong
Q : Lu lng nc x l Q = 300 m3/ngy = 12,5 m3/h
C0 : Nng bn duy tr trong b Aerotank (tnh theo cht rn l lng)
C0 = * X = 2500/0,8 = 3125 mg/l = 3125 g/m3
: H s tun, vi = 0,68
(kt qu tnh ton b Aerotank)
Ct : Nng bn trong dng tun hon Ct = 8000 mg/l = 8000 g/m3
VL : Vn tc lng ca b mt phn chia ng vi C L, xc nh bng thc
nghim. Tuy nhin, do khng c iu kin th nghim ta c th ly gi tr
6

VL theo cng thc sau: V L V max * eKCt*10

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 61


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Trong
CL : Nng cn ti mt ct L (b mt phn chia)

C 1 *C 1 *8000 4000 (mg / l ) 4000 g / m


3
L t
2 2
Vmax = 7 m/h
K = 600 (cn c ch s th tch 50 < SVI < 150)
6

V L
7*e600*4000*10 0,635 (m / h)
Vy din tch b tnh ton
Q *(1 )*C 0 12 ,5*(1 0,68)*3125
S lang
8000 *0,635
13 (m 2)
C t *V L
: H s tun hon, = 0,25 0,75 chn = 0,68
Din tch ca b nu b thm bung phn phi trung tm
S = 1,1* 13 = 14 (m2)
Kch thc b lng
ng knh b
2 '
'
* D 2 * S 2 *
14
S
4
D 3,14 4,22 (m)
Chn D = 4,5 m
Xc nh chiu cao b
Chn chiu cao b H = 4 m, chiu cao d tr trn mt thong h1 = 0,3.
Chiu cao ct nc trong b 3,7 m bao gm.
Chiu cao phn nc trong h2 = 1,5 m.
Chiu cao phn chp y b c dc 2% v tm
h3 = 0,02* (D/2) = 0,02* (4,5/2) = 0,045 (m)
Chiu cao cha bn phn hnh tr
h4 = 3,7 h2 h3 = 3,7 1,5 0,045 = 2,155 (m)
Th tch phn cha bn trong b
Vb = S* h4 = 14* 2,155 = 30,17 (m3)

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 62


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

ng trung tm
ng knh bung phn phi trung tm:
dtt = 0,20* D = 0,20* 4,5 = 0,9 (m)
ng knh ng loe
d = 1,35* dtt = 1,35* 0,9 = 1,215 (m)
Chn =1,3m
Chiu cao ng loe (h = 0,2 0,5 m), chn h = 0,3 m
ng knh tm chn
d = 1,3* d = 1,3* 1,3 = 1,69 (m)
Chn = 1,7m
Chiu cao t ng loe n tm chn (h = 0,2 0,5 m), chn h = 0,3 m.
Din tch bung phn phi trung tm
F = *d2/4 = 3,14* (0,9)2/4 = 0,64 (m2)
Din tch vng lng ca b
SL = 14 0,64 = 13,36 (m2)
Ti trng thy lc
Q 300
a 22,46 (m 3 / m 2 ngy )
S 22,95
Vn tc i ln ca dng nc trong b

a
22,46
v 0,94 (m / h )
24 24
Thi gian lu nc trong b lng
Dung tch b lng
V = 3,7* S = 3,7* 14 = 51,8 (m3)
Lng nc i vo b lng
QL = (1 + )* Q = (1 + 0,68)* 300 = 504 (m3/ngy)
Thi gian lng


V * 51,8 * 24 2,47
t 24 ( h)
QL 504
GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 63
SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Mng thu nc
Ta chn
B rng mng: bm = 0,25 m
Chiu su: hm = 0,3 m
B rng rng ca br = 0,1m
ng knh trong mng thu
Dmt = D - 2* bm = 4,5 - 2* 0,5 = 4 (m)
ng knh ngoi mng thu
Dmn = Dmt 2* br = 4 2*0,1 = 3,8 (m)
Chiu di mng thu t theo chu vi b
Lm = * Dmt = 3,14* 4,5 = 14,56 (m)
Ti trng thu nc trn b mt mng
tb
Q ng 300
lm 23,88 m / m.ngy
3

L m 14,56

Mng rng ca
ng knh mng rng ca
dm = Dmng = 3,8 m
Chiu di mng rng ca
lm = * dm = 3,14* 3,8 = 11,93 (m)
Chn
S khe: 4 khe/1m di, khe to gc 900
B rng rng ca: brng = 100 mm
B rng khe: bkhe = 150 mm
Chiu su khe: hk = bk/2 = 150/2 = 75 (mm).
Chiu cao tng cng ca mng rng ca: htc = 200 mm.
Tng s khe: n = 4*lm = 4* 11,93 = 47,7 (khe) Chn n = 48 khe
Lu lng nc chy qua mt khe
tb
Q 300
q k ng 7,94 ( m 3 / khe.ng )
GVHD: NGUYN
n XUN TRNG
48 64
SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Ti trng thu nc trn mt mng trn


tb
Q ng 300
Lm 25,15 (m 3 / m.ng )
l m 11,93
Chiu su ngp nc ca khe

5/ 2
8*C d
* 2* g * tg ( ) *h
ng

q 2
k
15
Trong
Cd : H s chy trn (chn Cd = 0,6)
: Gc rng ca ( = 900)
2
5

qk
h


ng


8 *C d * 2* g *tg
15 2

2
5

6,25

8
*0,6 * 2*9,81 *tg 450*3600 *24
15

= 0,02 (m) < 0,75 (m)


Tnh ton ng dn nc thi ra khi b
Chn vn tc nc chy trong ng v = 0,7 m/s
Lu lng nc thi ra Q = 300 m3/ngd
ng knh ng

4*Qb 4*300

3,14*0,7*3600 *24 79
D *v*3600 *24 (mm)

Chn ng nha PVC c ng knh = 90 mm.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 65


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Kt qu tnh ton
STT Thng s n v S liu
1 ng knh m 4,5
2 Chiu cao ct nc m 3,7
3 Chiu cao tng m 4
4 Chiu cao phn chp y 2% m 0,05
5 Th tch thc ca b m3 56,7
6 Thi gian lu nc (t) h 2,47
7 ng knh mng thu nc (Dmng) m 4
8 ng knh mng rng ca (Drng ca) m 3,8
9 ng knh ng dn nc ra b (Ddn nc) mm 90
10 ng knh ng dn bn ra b (Dbn) mm 90

4.8 B nn bn (kiu ng)


4.8.1 Chc nng
Bn hot tnh d ngn lng c m cao (99.4%) cn thc hin qu trnh
nn bn t m thch hp (96-97%) cho qu trnh nn cn my p bn.
Nhim v ca b nn bn l lm gim m ca bn hot tnh d.
4.8.2 Tnh ton
Lng can t be sinh hoc: 73 kg/ngay.em.
Lng can l lng au vao trong 1 ngay 0.56 (kg/m3) *
300(m3/ngay.em) = 168 (kg/ngay.em).
Lng phen dung trong 1 ngay la 20 (kg/ngay.em).
Vay tong lng can la: 73 + 168 + 20 = 261 (kg/ngay.em).
Tai trong be mat: LSS = 30 kg/m2.ngay.
Tai trong thuy lc = 15 m3/m2.ngay.
Dien tch be mat:

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 66


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

8.7m 2
M 261
F
LSS 30
ng knh be nen bun:

3,.3m
4* F 4 * 8.7
D
3.14
Nong do bun sau nen = 2%.
The tch bun sau khi nen:

V 261 13.1m 3 / ngay


20
ng knh ong phan phoi trung tam:
d = 20% * D = 0.2 *3.3 = 0.66 (m) lay = 0.7 m
ng knh ong loe cua ong phan phoi trung tam:
dL = 1.35 * d = 1.35 * 0.7 = 0,945(m)
ng knh tam chan:
dc = 1.3 * dL = 1.3 * 0,945 = 1.23 (m) lay = 1.3 m
Chieu cao phan lang cua be nen:
h1 = V1 * t * 3600 = 0.0001 * 8 * 3600 = 2.9 (m)
Chieu cao phan non vi goc nghieng 45 0, ng knh be
la 3.3m va ng knh ay la 0.4m th h2 = 1.4 m.
Chieu cao lp bun a nen:
Hb = hTH h2 h3
Trong o:
h2: khoang cach t ay ong loe en tam chan 0.25 0.3 m.
Chon 0.3 m.
hTH: chieu cao lp nc trung hoa = 2.3m
Vay: Hb = 2.3 0.3 0.3 = 1.7 (m)
Chieu cao be nen bun:
Hxd = h1 + h2 +0.3 = 2.9 + 1.4 + 0.3 = 4,6 (m)
4.9 My nn bn

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 67


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

4.9.1 Chc nng


My lm kh cn bng lc p bng ti, thc hin qu trnh lm ro phn ln
nc trong bn sau khi qua b thu bn. Nng cn sau khi lm kh trn
my t t 15% 25%.
4.9.2 Tnh ton
My nn lm vic 6 gi mt ngy, 1 tun lm vic 2 ngy.

Lng cn a vo my trong mt tun


Qt = 7* Q = 7* 24* 0,3 = 50,4 (m3)
Vi Q l lng bn thi mi ngy.
Lng cn a vo my 1 gi
Q 50,4 3
q t
4,2 (m / h)
2*6 12
Lng cn a vo my trong 1 gi tnh bng kg/h
q = q* S* P = 4,2* 1,02* 0,05 = 0,2142 (tn/h) = 214,2 (kg/h)
Trong :
S : T trng dung dch bn, S = 1,02 (tn/m3)
P : Nng bn vo, P = 5%.
Chiu rng bng ti nu chn nng sut 200 kg/m chiu rng.h
'
q 214,2
b 1,07 (m )
200 200
Chn my c chiu rng bng 1,0 m; nng sut 250 kg cn/m.h
4.10 B tip xc
4.10.1 Chc nng
Nc thi sau khi x l bng phng php sinh hc cn cha khong 105 106
vi khun trong 1 ml. B tip xc c chc nng tiu dit cc loi vi khun ny trc
khi thi ra mi trng.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 68


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Ngi ta thng s dng Clo hi, dng hypoclorit canxi dng bt


(Ca(ClO)2), hypoclorit natri, nc zavel (NaClO),...
4.10.2 Tnh ton
Lng Clo cn s dng
Lng Coliform cn li sau b lc sinh hc
E
*
1 100
N
0 Ni

Trong
Ni : S Coliform nc thi vo, Ni = 108 (S coliform/100 ml nc).
E : Hiu qu kh trng ca qu trnh x l sinh hc (%), E = 90%.
E 90
1 * 1 * 8 7
N 0 N i 10 10 MPN / 100ml
100 100

Liu lng Clo cho vo


1
N 1 0,23C t*t 3

1 * N t 3
t
C t 0,23
*
t
N 0
N0
Trong
Nt : S Coliform cn li sau thi gian tip xc t, chn Nt = 200MPN/100ml
Ct : Lng Clo yu cu, mg/l.
t : Thi gian tip xc, pht.
1 1
N t 3 1 * 200 3

C *t
t
1 *
1 0,23 7 1 155,83
0,23 N0 10

Chn thi gian tip xc t = 30 pht # Ct = 5,2 (mg/l).


Chn lng Clo cn dng l 6 mg/l
Lng Clo chm vo b tip xc
a*Q 4*300 1,2(kg/ ngy ) 0,05
Y a 1000 1000 (kg / h)

Q : Lu lng tnh ton ca nc thi, Q = 300 m3/ngd.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 69


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

a : Liu lng Clo hot tnh, a = 4 g/m3


Clo s c cho lin tc vo b tip xc bng thit b nh lng Clo bo
m lng Clo mi gi l 0,083 kg = 83g.
Cc thng s thit k b tip xc Clo
Thng s Gi tr
Tc dng chy (m/ph) 2 4,5
Thi gian tip xc (ph) 15 30
T s Di/rng 10/1
S b tip xc (1 hot ng, 1 d 2
phng)
Ngun: Lm Minh Trit, X l nc thi th v Cng nghip, Bng 10-15,
Trang 473, Nm 2004.
Tnh th tch b
V = Qngtb* t
t : Thi gian tip xc, t = 30 pht.
Q : Lu lng tnh ton ca nc thi, Q = 300 m3/ngy.

V Q * t 300*30
tb 3
6,25 (m )
ng
24*60
Chn vn tc dng chy trong b tip xc v = 2,5 (m/ph).
Tit din ngang b tip xc 6,25
V
2
F 6,25(m )
h 1

Chn din tch b F = 7 m2
Gi s chiu cao hu ch ca b tip xc H = 1 m.
Chiu cao bo v hbv = 0,3 m.
Chiu cao b tip xc l: Hb = H + hbv = 1 + 0,3 = 1,3 (m).
Chiu rng b: Chn B = 0,6 m.
Chiu di tng cng ca b

L F 7 11 (m)
B 0,6
GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 70
SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Kim tra li t s L/B


L 7 1110(m)
B 0,6
Vy kch thc b t yu cu
gim chiu di xy dng ta chia b ra lm 2 ngn chy ziczac. Chiu
rng mi ngn B =0,6 m.
Tnh ton ng ng dn nc
Vn tc nc trong ng dn ra b tip xc: v = 0,8 m/s.
ng knh ng dn nc ra
tb
4*Qng 4*300
Dr *v

3,14*0,8*3600*24
74,36 (mm)

Vy chn ng PVC c = 90 mm.


Kt qu tnh ton
STT Thng s n v S liu
1 Chiu di (L) m 11
2 Chiu rng (B) m 0,6
3 Chiu cao (H) m 1,3
4 S - 2
5 Thi gian tip xc Pht 30
6 ng knh ng dn nc mm 90

4.11 B trn ha cht


Ta c th chn phn nhm hay phn st nhng t hiu sut cao ta nn s
dng hn hp phn nhm v phn st theo t l 1:1. Chn lng phn nhm cn
s dng l 60mg/l. Lng phn nhm dng trong mt ngy l
M = 60* 300* 103/10-6 = 18 (kg/ngy).
Lng phn st cn dng l 18 (kg/ng).
Lng dung dch phn nhm 10% cn dng l

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 71


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Mdd10% = M/C% = 18/10% =180 (kg/ ngy).


C: nng dung dch phn (c= 10 15 %)
Lng phn nhm dng trong mt ngy
Qphn = Mdd10%/ =180/1000 = 0,18 (m3/ngy) = 7,5 (l/gi).
Lu lng phn st cn thit l 7,5 l/ gi
Lng nc cn thit pha phn
(180 - 18)*2/1000 = 0,324 m3/ng
Dng bm nh lng mt hot ng, mt d phng lu lng l 7,5*2
=15(l/h).
Th tch b trn phn:
V = Q.T = 0,324*24/24 = 0,324 (m3).
T: thi gian lu 24h
Chn chiu cao b trn phn gp 1,5 ln ng knh
ng knh b:
4 * V 3 4 * 0,1
D =3 = = 0,3 (m).
1,5 * 1.5 *

o H = 1.5 D = 0,5 (m).


Dng my khuy trn c kh ha tan lng phn trn
ng knh cnh khuy d = D/2 = 0.15m
Nng lng cho cnh khuy hot ng:
p G 2 * *V =2002* 0.001* 0,1= 4 (W).

G l gradiant vn tc (chn G =200 S-1)


: nht ca nc 200 c
V: th tch b
o Chn my khuy tuabin cnh nghing 450, ng knh cnh khuy 0,15
m. t my khuy sao cho khong cch t cnh khuy n y l 0.55
m.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 72


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

P
Cng sut my khuy N = = 4/0.8 = 5 (W).

: cng sut hu ch ca my (chn 80 %).
4.12 TNH TON HA CHT S DNG
4.12.1 B cha Ur (nng 10%) v van iu chnh dung dch Ur
(cho vo b Aerotank)
Trong x l sinh hc bng bn hot tnh, t l BOD:N = 100:5, do vi
BOD5 vo l 570 mg/l.
Lng N cn thit s l:
5*570
N 28,5 (mg / l )
100
Phn t lng ca Ur (H2N-CO-NH2) = 60
Khi lng phn t: N2 = 2* 14 = 28

T l khi lng: N 28
Ure 60
Lng Ur cn thit = 60*28,5 61,07 (mg / l )
28
Lu lng nc thi trung bnh cn x l : Q = 300 m3/ng.
Lng Ur tiu th cho i vi lu lng 300 m3/ng
61,07*300 18,321 (kg / ngy )
= 1000
Nng dung dch Ur cung cp mi ngy = 10% (hay 100 kg/m3) tnh
theo khi lng.
Lu lng dung dch Ur cung cp:

18 ,321 3
q 0,18 (m / ngy )
100
Thi gian lu dung dch = 15 ngy
Th tch b yu cu
Vb = q* t = 0,18* 15 = 2,7 (m3)
Chn 2 bm (1 vn hnh, 1 d phng)
c tnh bm nh lng Q = 0,18 (m3/ngy) = 7,5 (l/h), p luc75 1,5bar.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 73


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

4.12.2 B cha axit photphoric (H3PO4) v van iu chnh chm


H3PO4 (cho vo b Aerotank)
T l BOD:P = 100:1 do vy vy BOD5 vo l 570 mg/l th
Lng P cn thit l:
1*570
P 5,7 (mg / l )
100
S dng axit phophoric lm tc nhn cung cp P

T l khi lng: P 31
H PO 98
3 4

Lng H3PO4 cn thit = 98*5,7 18,02 (mg / l )


31
Lu lng nc thi trung bnh cn x l : Q = 300 m3/ng.
Lng tiu th
18,02*300 5,40 ( kg / ngy )
= 1000
Nng H3PO4 s dng = 10% = 10 kg/m3.
Dung dch H3PO4 cung cp :
q 5,40 0,06 (m 3 / ngy )
100
Thi gian lu = 7 ngy.
Th tch b yu cu: Vb = q* t = 0,06* 7 = 0,42 (m3).
c tnh bm nh lng Q = 0,06 (m3/ng) = 2,5 (l/h), p lc 1,5bar.
4.12.3 B cha dung dch axit H2SO4 v bm chm H2SO4 (cho vo
b iu ha)
Lu lng thit k: Q = 12,5 m3/h
pHvo max = 10
pHtrung ha = 7
K = 0,000005 mol/l
Nng dung dch H2SO4 = 10%
Trng lng ring dung dch = 5
1,84
0,5*10 * 12,5*1000
Liu lng chm vo = 0,34 (l / h)
10*1,84*10

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 74


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Thi gian lu = 7 ngy


Th tch cn thit b cha = 0,34* 24* 7 = 57,12 (l/7ngay)
Chn 2 bm chm axit H2SO4: 1 vn hnh, 1 d phng.
4.12.4 Cht tr lng polymer dng bt s dng b lng I
Lng bn kh
SS I *Q 483,84*300
= kg/ng= 145
1000 1000
Thi gian vn hnh = 24 h/ng
Lng bn th trong 1 gi = 145/24 = 6,04kg/h
Liu lng polymer = 5 kg/tn bn
Liu lng polymer tiu th = (5*6,04)/1000 = 0,03 (kg/h)
Hm lng polymer s dng = 0,2%
Lng dung dch chm vo = 0,03/2 = 0,015 m3/h
Chn mt h thng chm polymer Cng sut 0,015 m3/h
Tt c cc b pha ch v cha ha cht phc v cho h thng x l nc thi
c t chung trong mt b ln c nhiu ngn ring bit, gi l b ha cht v
thng xuyn c kim tra gim st.
CHNG V
D TON KINH PH D KIN THC HIN XY DNG H
THNG X L NC THI.
5.1 Chi ph au t xay dng
Bang 5.1: Chi ph au t xay dng
S Thnh tin
Stt Cng trnh n gi
lng (VN)
- Hm tip nhn
1 - L * B * H = 2.5m * 1.0m * 3.0m 01 b 16,500,000 16,500,000
- Vt liu: BTCT

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 75


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

- B iu ha
2 - L * B * H = 7,5m * 4,0m * 3.5m 01 b 185,500,000 185,500,000
- Vt liu: BTCT
- B trn
3 - L * B * H = 1.4m * 1.4m * 1.2m 03 b 5,528,000 16,584,000
- Vt liu: BTCT
- B lng 1
5 - D * H = 4.0m * 5.3m 01 b 92,620,000 92,620,000
- Vt liu: BTCT
- B Aerotank
6 - L * B * H = 7.0m * 4.0m * 4.5m 01 b 236,500,000 236,500,000
- Vt liu: BTCT
- B lng 2
7 - D * H = 4.5m * 4.0m 01 b 121,500,000 121,500,000
- Vt liu: BTCT
- B kh trng
8 - L * B * H = 5.85m * 1,2m * 1.3m 01 b 23,400,000 23,400,000
- Vt liu: BTCT
- B nn bn
9 - D * H = 3.3m * 4,6m 01 b 89,000,000 89,000,000
- Vt liu: BTCT
- Nh iu hnh
- L * B * H = 6.0m * 4.0m * 4.4m
11 01 nh 53,000,000 53,000,000
- Vt liu: Tr, king
BTCT; tng gch, mi tole
- Cu thang, lan can & hnh lan
13 thao tc B 75,000,000 75,000,000
- Vt liu: BTCT + thp CT3

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 76


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

TNG CNG 909,604,000

5.2 Chi ph thit b


BNG 5.2: Chi ph thit b
S Thnh tin
Stt Thit b n gi
lng (VN)
- Song chn rc
1 01 ci 2,000,000 2,000,000
Vt liu: Inox 304 khe, l 4 6mm
- Bm nc thi (dng bm th
chm)
- Cho b tip nhn
3 - Q = 100 600 lt/h, N=1.1kW, 02 ci 16,800,000 33,600,000
H=2.1-10.2m, 3pha, 380V
- Xut x: Ebara - , tnh trng:
mi 100%
- Bm nc thi (dng bm th
chm)
- Cho b iu ha
4 - Q = 100 600 lt/h, N=1.1kW, 02 ci 16,800,000 33,600,000
H=2.1-10.2m, 3pha, 380V
- Xut x: Ebara - , tnh trng:
mi 100%

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 77


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

- Bm nc thi (dng bm trc


ngang)
- Cho b lng 1, b lng 2, b nn
bn
5 06 ci 14,700,000 88,200,000
- Q = 100 500 lt/h, N=0.74 kW,
H=1.9-7.9m, 3pha, 380V
- Xut x: Ebara - , tnh trng:
mi 100%
- Moteur khuy trn b khuy trn
- Moteur gim tc, N=1.0HP, 3pha,
380v
6 - Xut x: Nord c, tnh trng: 03 ci 15,000,000 45,000,000
mi 100%
- Trc & cnh khuy thp khng g
- Ch to mi
- Thit b chnh pH t ng
Chnh pH t 1-14
8 01 bo 10,000,000 10,000,000
- Xut x: Seko - Italia, tnh trng:
mi 100%
- Mng thu nc v chn bt
9 - Cho b lng 1 01b 15,000,000 15,000,000
- Vt liu: Inox 304 1.5mm
- Mng thu nc v chn bt
10 - Cho b lng 2 01b 20,000,000 20,000,000
- Vat lieu: Inox 304 1.5mm
- Mng thu nc v chn bt
11 - Cho b nn bn 01 b 15,000,000 15,000,000
- Vt liu: Inox 304 1.5mm

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 78


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

-ng phn phi trung tm


12 - Cho b lng 1 01 b 15,000,000 15,000,000
- Vt liu : Inox 304 2mm
-ng phn phi trung tm
13 - Cho b lng 2 01 b 20,000,000 20,000,000
- Vt liu : Inox 304 2mm
- ng phn phi trung tm
14 - Cho b nn bn 01 b 10,000,000 10,000,000
- Vt liu : Inox 304 2mm
- H thng co gt bn
- Cho b lng 2
- Moteur khuy n=3-20v/h,
N=2.0HP, 3pha, 380V
16 01 b 175,000,000 175,000,000
- Xut x: Nord c, tnh trng:
mi 100%
- Trc & cnh khuy thp khng g
ch to mi
My thi kh cho b iu ha
- Q = 0,9-1,5m/pht, N=0,75kW,
H=5mmAq, 3pha, 380V
18 02 b 18,000,000 36,000,000
- Van 1 chiu, b phn gim m
- Xut x: Hey well - Taiwan, tnh
trng: mi 100%

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 79


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

My thi kh b Aerotank
- Q = 8,5m/pht, N=4,5kW,
H=3.5mmAq, 3pha, 380V
19 02 b 42,800,000 85,600,000
- Van 1 chiu, b phn gim m
- Xut x: Hey well - Taiwan, tnh
trng: mi 100%
- a phn phi kh
- Cho b sinh hc
20 - Vt liu: cao su tng hp EPMD 24 ci 350,000 8,400,000
- Xut x: USA, tnh trng: mi
100%
- My p bn
- Cng sut: 2-4m/h, chiu rng
bng ti 1000mm,
- Bao gm: my chnh, t iu
khin, tank khuy trn bn, khay
21 01b 350,000,000 350,000,000
ng nc, motor truyn ng,
motor khuy trn, my nn kh, bn
ha cht, bm bn, bm ra....
- Xut x: Chishun - Taiwan, tnh
trng: mi 100%
- H thng ng ng cng ngh
- Ton b ng ng cng ngh
22 01 b 200,000,000 200,000,000
(ng, van, co.),
- Vt liu: PVC, STK..
- H thng in, t in iu khin,
23 in chiu sang, n cao p 01 b 450,000,000 450,000,000
- iu khin PLC

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 80


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

- Ch phm vi sinh hiu kh


24 01 b 20,000,000 20,000,000
- Cng tc nui cy

25 - Ha cht vn hnh 01 b 10,000,000 10,000,000

Tng cng 1,642,500,000

Tong chi ph au t = Chi ph xay dng + Chi ph thiet b =


909,604,000 + 1,642,500,000 = 2,552,104,000 VN.
5.3 Chi ph van hanh he thong x ly
5.3.1 Nhan vien van hanh
Ky s: 1 ngi _ Lng 5,000,000 VN/thang.
Cong nhan : 2 ngi_ Lng 3,000,000 VN/thang.
Chi ph : (1 x 5,000,000) + (2 x 3,000,000) = 11,000,000 ong/
thang.
5.3.2 Hoa chat
Phen
Lng phen dung trong 1 ngay:
Phen nhom: 18kg
Phen sat: 18 kg
Chi ph : (18 x 7,000 + 18 x 8,500 ) x 30 = 7,740,000 VN/thang.
H2SO4 (10%)
24
The tch H2SO4 (10%)s dung trong 1 thang: 0,554L/h x x
1000
30 ngay = 0,4 m3/thang.
n gia: 4,500 VN/l.
Chi ph : 4,500 x 0.4 x 1000 = 1,800,000 VN/thang.
NaOH (20%)

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 81


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

24
The tch NaOH (20%)s dung trong 1 thang: 0,11L/h x x 30
1000
ngay = 0,08 m3/thang.
n gia: 4,500 VN/l.
Chi ph : 4,500 x 0.08 x 1000 = 360,000 VN/thang.
NaOCl (10%)
The tch NaOCl (10%) s dung trong 1 thang:
3kg/ ngay x 30 = 90 ( kg/ thang)
n gia: 6,000 VN/kg
Chi ph : 6,000 x 90 = 540,000 VN/thang.
Polymer
Lng polymer s dung trong 1 thang: 0.05 kg/h x 24h x 30
ngay = 36 kg/thang.
n gia: 85,000VN/kg.
Chi ph : 85,000 x 36 = 3,060,000 VN/thang.
Tong chi ph hoa chat = 7,740,000 + 1,800,000 + 360,000 +
540,000
+ 3,060,000 = 13,500,000 VN/thang.
5.3.3 ien nang
So Cong So ien
ln suat gi nang
Stt Thiet b g thiet b hoat tieu thu
(kW) ong (kW/ngay)
(h)
Bm nc thai be thu
1 02 1.1 12 13.2
gom
Bm nc thai be
3 02 1.1 24 26.4
ieu hoa

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 82


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

May thoi kh b iu
4 02 0.75 24 18
ha
4 May thoi kh 02 4.5 24 108
Bm nh lng hoa
5 06 0.37 24 53.28
chat
6 Bm bun thai 06 2.0 2.0 24

7 Moteur khuay tron 04 1.0 24 96

8 Moteur gat bun 02 2.0 24 72


Moteur khuay hoa
9 06 1.0 3 18
chat
10 May ep bun 01 20 5.5 110
Tong cong 488
Tam tnh gia ien la: 1,500 ong/kW.
Chi ph ien nang trong 1 ngay: 488 * 1,500 = 732,000
ong/ngay.
Chi ph ien nang cho 1 thang: 732,000 * 30 = 21,960,000
VN/thang.
Tong chi ph van hanh = Chi ph nhan cong + Chi ph hoa
chat + Chi ph ien nang = 19,000,000 + 13,500,000 + 31,960,000 =
54,460,000 VN/thang

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 83


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

KT LUN

Tm li, nhng ni dung m n thc hin gm:


- Thu thp c cc s liu v thnh phn v tnh cht c trng
ca nc thi dt nhum.
- T cc thng s nhim trong nc thi sinh dt nhum, n
a ra c cc s cng ngh la chn phng n x
l, sau phn tch u nhc im chn phng n ti u
nht.
- Sau khi la chn s cng ngh, tin hnh tnh ton thitt k
chi tit cc cng trnh n v, trin khai bn v chi tit cho ton
b h thng x l nc thi.
- Lp d ton kinh ph xy dng, vn hnh cho ton b h thng
x l nc thi.
Sau khi tm hiu tnh hnh mi trng ti khu vc, em c mt s kin ngh
nh sau:
- Xy dng h thng x l nc thi cng sm cng tt khng
lm nh hng hot ng x l nc thi ca KCN cng nh
mi trng xung quanh (trong v ngoi KCN).
- o to cn b chuyn trch mi trng, cn b k thut
vn hnh h thng x l ti cng ty Nht Tn KCN Xuyn ,
c Ha, Long An .

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 84


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. B xy dng, Tiu chun xy dng, TCXD 51 84 Thot nc mng


li bn ngoi v cng trnh. TP.HCM, 2003.
2. Lm Minh trit, Nguyn Thanh Hng, Nguyn Phc Dn, X l nc thi
th v cng nghip, CEFINEA - Vin mi trng v ti nguyn, 2010
3. Hong Hu, X l nc thi, NXB Xy Dng, H Ni, 2005.
4. Hong Hu, Cp thot nc, NXB Xy Dng, H Ni, 1994.
5. Hong Vn Hu, Cng ngh mi trng Tp 1: X l nc thi, NXB Xy
Dng, H Ni, 1994.
6. Trn Hiu Nhu, Thot nc v x l nc thi cng nghip, NXB Khoa hc
k thut, H Ni, 2001.
7. Trnh xun lai, Tnh ton v thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi, Cng ty
t vn thot nc s 2, NXB Xy Dng, H Ni, 2000.
8. Trn c H, X l nc thi sinh hot quy m va v nh, NXB Khoa hc
k thut, H Ni, 2002.
9. Trn Vn Nhn Ng Th Nga, Gio trnh, Cng ngh x l nc thi, NXB
Khoa hc k thut, H Ni, 2005.
10. Lng c Phm, Cng ngh x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc,
NXB Khoa hc k thut, H Ni, 2002.
11. Trung tm o to ngnh nc v mi trng, S tay x l nc, Tp 1, 2,
NXB Xy Dng, H Ni, 1999.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 85


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 86


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

PH LC

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 87


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA


V NC THI CNG NGHIP
Natio nal Tec hnic al Reg ulatio n o n Industria l Waste water

H NI - 2009

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 88


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

Li ni u

QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT do Ban son tho quy chun k


thut quc gia v cht lng nc bin son, Tng cc Mi
trng v V Php ch trnh duyt v c ban hnh theo
Thng t s 25/2009/TT-BTNMT ngy 16 thng 11 nm 2009
ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 89


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA


V NC THI CNG NGHIP
Na tiona l T echnical Regulation on Indu strial Wastewater

1. QUY NH CHUNG
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh
Quy chun ny quy nh gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim
trong nc thi cng nghip khi x vo ngun tip nhn.

1.2. i tng p dng

1.2.1. Quy chun ny p dng i vi t chc, c nhn lin quan n


hot ng x nc thi cng nghip vo ngun tip nhn.

1.2.2. Nc thi ca mt s ngnh cng nghip v lnh vc hot ng c th


c quy nh ring.

1.3. Gii thch thut ng


Trong Quy chun ny, cc thut ng di y c hiu nh sau:

1.3.1. Nc thi cng nghip l dung dch thi ra t cc c s sn xut, ch


bin, kinh doanh, dch v cng nghip vo ngun tip nhn nc thi.

1.3.2. Kq l h s lu lng/dung tch ngun tip nhn nc thi ng vi


lu lng dng chy ca sng, sui, knh, mng, khe, rch hoc dung tch ca
cc h, ao, m nc.

1.3.3. Kf l h s lu lng ngun thi ng vi tng lu lng nc thi


ca cc c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh, dch v cng nghip khi x vo cc
ngun tip nhn nc thi.

1.3.4. Ngun tip nhn nc thi l ngun nc mt hoc vng nc bin


ven b, c mc ch s dng xc nh, ni m nc thi cng nghip c x vo.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 90


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

1. QUY NH K THUT
2.1. Gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim trong nc thi cng
nghip c tnh ton nh sau:

Cmax = C x Kq x Kf

Trong :
- Cmax l gi tr ti a cho php ca thng s nhim trong nc thi cng
nghip khi x vo ngun tip nhn nc thi, tnh bng miligam trn lt (mg/l);

- C l gi tr ca thng s nhim trong nc thi cng nghip quy nh ti


mc 2.3;

- Kq l h s lu lng/dung tch ngun tip nhn nc thi quy nh ti mc 2.4;

Kf l h s lu lng ngun thi quy nh ti mc 2.5.

2.2. p dng gi tr ti a cho php Cmax = C (khng p dng h s Kq v


Kf) i vi cc thng s: nhit , pH, mi, mu sc, coliform, tng hot phng
x , tng hot phng x .

2.3. Gi tr C ca cc thng s nhim trong nc thi cng nghip


c quy nh ti Bng 1 di y:

Bng 1: Gi tr C ca cc thng s nhim trong nc thi cng nghip


Gi tr C
TT Thng s n v
A B
0
1 Nhit C 40 40
2 pH - 6-9 5,5-9
3 Mi - Khng kh Khng kh
chu chu
4 mu (Co-Pt pH = 7) - 20 70
5 BOD5 (200C) mg/l 30 50
6 COD mg/l 50 100
7 Cht rn l lng mg/l 50 100
GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 91
SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

8 Asen mg/l 0,05 0,1


9 Thu ngn mg/l 0,005 0,01
10 Ch mg/l 0,1 0,5
11 Cadimi mg/l 0,005 0,01
12 Crom (VI) mg/l 0,05 0,1
13 Crom (III) mg/l 0,2 1
14 ng mg/l 2 2
15 Km mg/l 3 3
16 Niken mg/l 0,2 0,5
17 Mangan mg/l 0,5 1
18 St mg/l 1 5
19 Thic mg/l 0,2 1
20 Xianua mg/l 0,07 0,1
21 Phenol mg/l 0,1 0,5
22 Du m khong mg/l 5 5
23 Du ng thc vt mg/l 10 20
24 Clo d mg/l 1 2
25 PCB mg/l 0,003 0,01
26 Ho cht bo v thc vt ln hu mg/l 0,3 1
c
27 Ho cht bo v thc vt Clo mg/l 0,1 0,1
hu c
28 Sunfua mg/l 0,2 0,5
29 Florua mg/l 5 10
30 Clorua mg/l 500 600
31 Amoni (tnh theo Nit) mg/l 5 10
32 Tng Nit mg/l 15 30
33 Tng Phtpho mg/l 4 6
34 Coliform MPN/100ml 3000 5000
35 Tng hot phng x Bq/l 0,1 0,1

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 92


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

36 Tng hot phng x Bq/l 1,0 1,0

Trong :

- Ct A quy nh gi tr C ca cc thng s nhim trong nc thi


cng nghip khi x vo cc ngun tip nhn l cc ngun nc c dng cho
mc ch cp nc sinh hot;

- Ct B quy nh gi tr C ca cc thng s nhim trong nc thi


cng nghip khi x vo cc ngun tip nhn l cc ngun nc khng dng cho
mc ch cp nc sinh hot;
- Thng s clorua khng p dng i vi ngun tip nhn l nc mn v
nc l.

2.4. H s lu lng/dung tch ngun tip nhn nc thi Kq c quy


nh nh sau:

2.4.1. H s Kq ng vi lu lng dng chy ca ngun tip nhn nc


thi l sng, sui, knh, mng, khe, rch c quy nh ti Bng 2 di y:

Bng 2: H s Kq ca ngun tip nhn nc thi l sng, sui, knh, mng,


khe, rch

Lu lng dng chy ca ngun tip nhn nc thi (Q)


3 H s Kq
n v tnh: mt khi/giy (m /s)

Q 50 0,9
50 < Q 200 1
200 < Q 1000 1,1
Q > 1000 1,2

Q c tnh theo gi tr trung bnh lu lng dng chy ca sng, sui,


knh, mng, khe, rch tip nhn nc thi vo 03 thng kh kit nht trong 03
nm lin tip (s liu ca c quan Kh tng Thu vn). Trng hp cc sng,
sui, knh, mng, khe, rch khng c s liu v lu lng dng chy th p dng
gi tr Kq = 0,9 hoc S Ti nguyn v Mi trng ni c ngun thi ch nh n

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 93


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

v c chc nng ph hp xc nh lu lng trung bnh ca 03 thng kh kit


nht trong nm lm c s chn h s Kq.

2.4.2. H s Kq ng vi dung tch ca ngun tip nhn nc thi l h, ao,


m c quy nh ti Bng 3 di y:

Bng 3: H s Kq ca h, ao, m

Dung tch ngun tip nhn nc thi (V)


H s Kq
n v tnh: mt khi (m3)

V 10 x 106 0,6

10 x 106 < V 100 x 106 0,8

V > 100 x 106 1,0

V c tnh theo gi tr trung bnh dung tch ca h, ao, m tip nhn nc


thi 03 thng kh kit nht trong 03 nm lin tip (s liu ca c quan Kh
tng Thu vn). Trng hp h, ao, m khng c s liu v dung tch th p
dng gi tr Kq = 0,6 hoc S Ti nguyn v Mi trng ni c ngun thi ch
nh n v c chc nng ph hp xc nh dung tch trung bnh 03 thng
kh kit nht trong nm lm c s xc nh h s Kq.

2.4.3. i vi ngun tip nhn nc thi l vng nc bin ven b khng dng
cho mc ch bo v thu sinh, th thao hoc gii tr di nc th ly h s
Kq = 1,3. i vi ngun tip nhn nc thi l vng nc bin ven b dng
cho mc ch bo v thu sinh, th thao v gii tr di nc th ly h s Kq =
1.

2.5. H s lu lng ngun thi Kf c quy nh ti Bng 4 di y:

Bng 4: H s lu lng ngun thi Kf


Lu lng ngun thi (F)
H s Kf
n v tnh: mt khi/ngy m (m3/24h)
F 50 1,2
50 < F 500 1,1

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 94


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

500 < F 5.000 1,0


F > 5.000 0,9

2.6. Trng hp nc thi c gom cha trong h nc thi thuc khun


vin ca c s pht sinh nc thi dng cho mc ch ti tiu th nc trong h
phi tun th Tiu chun quc gia TCVN 6773:2000 v Cht lng nc Cht
lng nc dng cho thu li.

3. PHNG PHP XC NH
3.1. Phng php xc nh gi tr cc thng s nhim trong nc thi
cng nghip thc hin theo cc tiu chun quc gia sau y:

- TCVN 4557:1988 - Cht lng nc - Phng php xc nh nhit ;

- TCVN 6492:1999 (ISO 10523:1994) Cht lng nc - Xc nh pH;

- TCVN 6185:2008 Cht lng nc Kim tra v xc nh mu;

- TCVN 6001-1: 2008 Cht lng nc - Xc nh nhu cu oxy ho sau n


ngy (BODn) Phn 1: Phng php pha long v cy c b sung allylthiourea;

- TCVN 6491:1999 (ISO 6060:1989) Cht lng nc - Xc nh nhu cu


oxy ho hc (COD);

- TCVN 6625:2000 (ISO 11923:1997) Cht lng nc - Xc nh cht rn


l lng bng cch lc qua ci lc si thu tinh;

- TCVN 6626:2000 Cht lng nc - Xc nh Asen - Phng php o


ph hp th nguyn t (k thut hydrro);

- TCVN 7877:2008 (ISO 5666 -1999) Cht lng nc - Xc nh thu


ngn;
- TCVN 6193:1996 Cht lng nc - Xc nh coban, niken, ng, km,
cadimi v ch. Phng php trc ph hp th nguyn t ngn la;

- TCVN 6002:1995 (ISO 6333-1986) Cht lng nc - Xc nh mangan -


Phng php trc quang dng fomaldoxim;

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 95


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

- TCVN 6222:2008 Cht lng nc - Xc nh crom tng - Phng php


o ph hp th nguyn t;

- TCVN 6177:1996 (ISO 6332-1988) Cht lng nc - Xc nh st bng


phng php trc ph dng thuc th 1,10-phenantrolin;

- TCVN 6181:1996 (ISO 6703-1-1984) Cht lng nc - Xc nh Xianua


tng;

- TCVN 6216:1996 (ISO 6439-1990) Cht lng nc - Xc nh ch s


phenol - Phng php trc ph dng 4-aminoantipyrin sau khi chng ct;

- TCVN 5070:1995 Cht lng nc - Phng php khi lng xc nh


du m v sn phm du m;

- Phng php xc nh tng du m thc vt thc hin theo US EPA


Method 1664 Extraction and gravimetry (Oil and grease and total petroleum
hydrocarbons);

- TCVN 6225-3:1996 Cht lng nc - Xc nh clo t do v clo tng s.


Phn 3 Phng php chun iot xc nh clo tng s;

- TCVN 4567:1988 Cht lng nc Phng php xc nh hm lng


sunfua v sunphat;

- TCVN 6494:1999 Cht lng nc - Xc nh cc ion florua, clorua,


nitrit, orthophotphat, bromua, nitrit v sunfat ha tan bng sc k lng ion.
Phng php dnh cho nc bn t;

- TCVN 5988:1995 (ISO 5664-1984) Cht lng nc - Xc nh amoni -


Phng php chng ct v chun ;

- TCVN 6638:2000 Cht lng nc - Xc nh nit - V c ha xc tc


sau khi kh bng hp kim Devarda;

- TCVN 6187-1:2009 (ISO 9308-1: 2000/Cor 1: 2007) Cht lng nc -


Pht hin v m vi khun coliform, vi khun coliform chu nhit v escherichia
coli gi nh - Phn 1 - Phng php mng lc;

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 96


SVTH: L HI SN
N TT NGHIP

- TCVN 6053:1995 Cht lng nc - o tng hot phng x anpha


trong nc khng mn. Phng php ngun dy;

- TCVN 6219:1995 Cht lng nc - o tng hot phng x beta trong


nc khng mn;

- TCVN 6658:2000 Cht lng nc Xc nh crom ha tr su Phng


php trc quang dng 1,5 Diphenylcacbazid.

3.2. Khi cha c cc tiu chun quc gia xc nh gi tr ca cc thng


s nhim trong nc thi cng nghip quy nh trong quy chun ny th p dng
tiu chun quc t c chnh xc tng ng hoc cao hn.

4. T CHC THC HIN


4.1. Quy chun ny thay th vic p dng i vi Tiu chun Vit Nam
TCVN 5945:2005 v Nc thi cng nghip - Tiu chun thi km theo Quyt
nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18 thng 12 nm 2006 ca B trng B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng cc tiu chun Vit Nam v mi
trng.

4.2. C quan qun l nh nc v mi trng c trch nhim hng dn, kim


tra, gim st vic thc hin Quy chun ny.

4.3. Trng hp cc tiu chun quc gia v phng php xc nh vin dn


trong mc 3.1 ca Quy chun ny sa i, b sung hoc thay th th p dng theo
tiu chun mi.

GVHD: NGUYN XUN TRNG 97


SVTH: L HI SN
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. B xy dng, Tiu chun xy dng, TCXD 51 84 Thot nc mng li bn


ngoi v cng trnh. TP.HCM, 2003.
2. Lm Minh trit, Nguyn Thanh Hng, Nguyn Phc Dn, X l nc thi th
v cng nghip, CEFINEA - Vin mi trng v ti nguyn, 2010
3. Hong Hu, X l nc thi, NXB Xy Dng, H Ni, 2005.
4. Hong Hu, Cp thot nc, NXB Xy Dng, H Ni, 1994.
5. Hong Vn Hu, Cng ngh mi trng Tp 1: X l nc thi, NXB Xy
Dng, H Ni, 1994.
6. Trn Hiu Nhu, Thot nc v x l nc thi cng nghip, NXB Khoa hc k
thut, H Ni, 2001.
7. Trnh xun lai, Tnh ton v thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi, Cng ty t
vn thot nc s 2, NXB Xy Dng, H Ni, 2000.
8. Trn c H, X l nc thi sinh hot quy m va v nh, NXB Khoa hc k
thut, H Ni, 2002.
9. Trn Vn Nhn Ng Th Nga, Gio trnh, Cng ngh x l nc thi, NXB
Khoa hc k thut, H Ni, 2005.
10. Lng c Phm, Cng ngh x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc, NXB
Khoa hc k thut, H Ni, 2002.
11. Trung tm o to ngnh nc v mi trng, S tay x l nc, Tp 1, 2, NXB
Xy Dng, H Ni, 1999.

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