Introduction

Current limiting fuses are protection elements which melt by the thermal energy produced by fault currents and therby
break the high short circuit currents in the faulty circuit and at the same time isolates the circuit and prevents restriking.
Fuses safely protect the medium voltage switchgears from dynamic and thermal effects due to short circuit currents
which are bigger than the minimum breaking current of the fuse.
Protection of medium voltage switchgear against short circuit and fault currents by fuses is an excellent solution due
to their low cost and null maintenance requirements.
This type of protection can be made more effective by coordination with low voltage or overcurrent protection systems.
Fuses are defined as general purpose, back-up and full range fuses according to the range in which they can be used:
General Purpose Fuse: A current-limiting fuse capable of breaking, under specified conditions of use and behaviour,
all currents from the rated maximum breaking current down to the current that causes melting of the fuse element in
1 h or more
Back-up Fuse: A current-limiting fuse capable of breaking, under specified conditions of use and behaviour, all currents
from the rated maximum breaking current down to the rated minimum breaking current.
Full Range Fuse: A current-limiting fuse capable of breaking, under specified conditions of use and behaviour, all
currents that cause melting of the fuse-element(s) up to its rated maximum breaking current.

Fuses with Load Breaking Disconnector in a Indoor type Load Isolating Switch with Fuses
Transformer Cubicle

Construction and Features

ELMSAN fuses all are back-up type and have a wide and comprehensive range of high breaking capacity. Due to their
construction these fuses are suitable for indoor and outdoor use. Cross-section of a fuse is shown below.
6 3 4 5 1 2

1. Envelope tube
2. Contact caps
3. Core
4. Melting element
5. Arc extinguishing sand
6. Striker

2
1 Envelope Tube
Isolated tube which form the main body is made of an alumina porcelain material resistant to mechanical and thermal
stresses and is non-inflamable. The outer surface is glazed and smooth and does not hold dust and dirt and
is not effected by atmospheric conditions, is non - hydroscopic and resistant to salts, acids and vapour.
2 Contact Caps
Contact caps at each end of the envelope tube are made of copper and are of suitable cross section. Contact caps,
are designed to withstand mechanical forces and leakage due to the high over pressure and are nickel or silver plated.
3 Core
The core is made of ceramic material, the melting element is wound on the outside and the control wire of the indicator
is placed inside. During short circuit conditions the tube is protected from mechanical stresses resulting from the
control wire by the damping effect of the inner carrier .
4 Melting Element
The main element of the fuse is made of pure silver wire of different cross section sized according to the rated current
of the fuse.
5 Arc Extinguishing Sand
60
Extinguishing sand used is of ~99.8 % purity and is free of metal particals and humidity. The

Force F (N)
40
sand is filled on special machines free of air bubbles to inclose the current path completely. 20
This is the mechanical device which indicates the correct 0
Travel (mm)
actuation of the fuse it also provides the necessary energy
to trip an associated cut-out mechanism. The striker is
released when the silver wire melts.
The energy rating of the striker element used in the ELMSAN
fuses is medium type in accordance with IEC 60282-1.
Force/travel characteristics are shown graphically for the
36
striker above.
58

Quality Assurance System and Standards

ELMSAN fuses are produced within the scope of ISO 9000 Quality Assurance System Certificate to comply with
TS 1259 EN 60282-I, IEC 60282-I and DIN 43625 standards .
Type tests for our fuses are
performed at independent
international labaratories
such as CESI, IPH and
routine tests within the
scope of the applicable
standard , at our own
labaratories.
In addition to process
control during production,
final control of the fuses
comprises measurement of
cold resistance, power
dissipation, temperature rise
and in addition current-time
characteristics are verified
and watertightness tests are
performed on the fuses.

3
Short time for melting and arcing, local arcing at various points, limited heat generation and dissepation of this heat
along the length of the fuse are factors which increase the breaking capacity of the fuse.

Inside of an ELMSAN fuse is shown above and oscillogram samples are shown below after a performed test at IPH
Labaratories.

200
500
100
ik/i3IAI

ik/i3IAI
0 0
-100
-500
-100

1000 1050 1100 1150 1050 1100 1150 1200

100,0
40,0
50,0
20

ik/i3IAI
0 0
-20
-50,0
-40
-60
1000 1050 1100 1150
zeit (ms) 1050 1100 1150 1200
zeit (ms)

General Definitions
Rated Voltage (Un):
It is the highest duty voltage between phases of the network where fuse is installed.
Voltage rating; 3,6 - 7,2 - 12 - 17,5 - 24 and 36 kV
Rated Voltage 3,6 7,2 12 17,5 24 36
kV
e
(mm) 192 192 292 367 442 537
33 33
25
8
45

Rated Current (In) : operating pin

It is the current which the fuse can withstand continuously.

Rated Maximum Breaking Capacity (I1):
Maximum fault current the fuse is able to break. ELMSAN fuses can break upto 25 kA.
Critical Currents (Currents which can result in maximum arc energy conditions) (I2):
Critical current for a fuse is a value between 20-100 In depending on the construction of the fuse. If the fuse is able
to break a current of this value it will safely interrupt any currents in the range between I3 and I1.
Rated Minimum Breaking Current (I3):
This is the minimum value of current which causes melting and breaking of the fuse under foresighted conditions of
use and behaviour at a certain voltage. Thus, between In and I3 interruption is uncertain.
Fuse Operating Zones

0 In I3 I2 I1
Continuous Area where breaking Area where current
operating area is uncertain breaking is safe
4
 Time Current Curves / Current Limitation Curves
These designated characteristic curves for current This diagram shows the relation between the expected short
rating of each fuse has a dispersion within circuit current and peak value of cut off current.
% 20 tolerance as indicated in IEC standards. Provided fuse selection is correct, the short circuit current
will not be able to reach peak value. In high voltage
networks an important result of limiting the fault current is
a reduction of the mechanical and thermal stresses.
Time / Current Characteristics
tv
4
(kA) Peak value of limited cut-off current
2
100
1000s 25 40 63 100
2 4 6 10 16 20 30 50 80 125
600s
4 70
2

Ik
seconds

40

2
100s

Ik
2
6
4 20
2
10s 10
6
4 7
40 A
2 4 30 A
1s 25 A
16 A
6
2 10 A
4
6A
2
Mili seconds

100ms 1
6 0.7
4
2 0.4
10ms
6
0.2
4
2
1 0.1
456 10 2 4 6 100 2 4 6 1000 2 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 1 2 4 7 10 20 40 63 Ik(kA)
In (rms)Value of assumed cut-off current

Fuse Selection
Following criteria are important in the selection of fuses:
The voltage rating of the fuse must be equal or higher than the network voltage.
If;
The operating voltage is higher than the rated voltage of the fuse:
- Inflammation during melting increases
- Thermal stresses on the fuse increases
- Value of the minimum interrupting current of the fuse decreases
If;
The operating voltage is lower than the rated voltage of the fuse:
- Value of the minimum interrupting current of the fuse increases
- Stresses during melting increases
The three phase short circuit current at the point where the fuse is installed in the system should be between the
minimum interrupting current and the rated current of the fuse.
The current rating of the fuse should be higher than the permitted maximum load current of the circuit or equipment
protected by the fuse but lower than the continuous current allowed by the thermal criteria for the protected circuit.
Phase to earth fault current possible in the medium voltage network should be higher than the minimum interrupting
current of the fuse.
5
 Transformer Protection
Following conditions must be fulfilled for protection of transformers:
The fuse must be able to withstand the inrush magnetizing current of the transformer. It is calculated that the melting
current of the fuse at 0.1 second must be higher than 10-12 times the rated current of the transformer.
If (0.1 sec.) > (10-12) x In Transformer
The fuse must be capable of interrupting the fault current at the secondary terminals of the transformer.
The fuse protecting the transformer must open before the foresighted short circuit current damages the transformer.
Icc > If (2 sec.)
The fuse must be able to withstand the continious service current as well as the eventual overloads.
In order to get this, the rated current of the fuse must be higher than 1.4 times the rated current of the transformer.
1.4 In trf < In Fuse
An additional criteria for selection of fuses for the protection of distribution transformers is as follows. When a short
circuit occurs at the low voltage side of the transformer the associated short circuit current should be interrupted by
protection equipment at the low voltage side of the transformer, if this is not possible the high voltage fuse at the primary
side should melt. To fulfill this condition, the system should be designed such that in case of a short circuit at the low
voltage side the short circuit current at the primary side of the transformer should be able to melt the fuse. In this case
the current-time characteristics of the high voltage fuse should be considered. The current-time characteristics of the
high voltage fuse should be higher than the current-time characteristics of the protection equipment at the low voltage
side and the two protection systems should be coordinated. Furthermore, an investigation should be made to verify
that, the starting current of the motors supplied by the same system and start at the same time and also the no-load
inrush current of the transformer should not melt the high voltage fuses. The starting current of motors can be several
times the rated current of the motor and can last about 10 seconds, however starting currents are rarely more than 5
times the rated current of the motor. In order for the high voltage fuse not to melt, the interrupting time associated with
the no-load current of the transformer or the normal load current plus the total of the starting current of motors which
start at the same time should be bigger than the total time of the transient conditions. If this condition cannot be met
than special motor protection fuses are recommended.
Data Required for the Design of a Protection System for a Transformer of a Certain Rating :
1- Transformer characteristics
Power VA
Short circuit voltage (Uk %)
Rated Current
In Transf / Uk % > 13
2- Fuse Characteristics
Time-Current Characteristics (If 0.1 sec. and If 2 sec.)
Rated minimum breaking current I3
3- System and Operating Conditions
Open air or air insulated cubicles or SF6 gas insulated cubicles etc...
Continuous or not continuous overloads

Selection of Fuses for Transformer Protection

Transformer Power ( kVA)
Rated
Voltage 25 50 100 160 250 400 630 1000 1250 1600
( kV) Rated Currents of Fuses (A)
12 6 10 16 20 25 40 63 80 125 160
17.5 4 6 10 20 25 40 50 63 80 125
24 4 6 10 16 20 30 40 63 80 125
36 2 4 4-6 6 10 16 20-25 25 30-40 40-63

6
 Reference Table for ELMSAN High Voltage Fuses
Rated Voltage Rated Current Dimensions Cold Resistance Power Dissipation Weight
Un In Reference No e d R P
kV A mm mm (mOhm) W Kg
2 ES 6507 002 555 4
4 ES 6507 004 331 8
6 ES 6507 006 199 11
10 ES 6507 010 67 10
16 ES 6507 016 53 51 21 1,1
20 ES 6507 020 34 22
7,2 25 ES 6507 025 192 21 24
30 ES 6507 030 16 26
40 ES 6507 040 13 34
*50 11 44
45
ES 6507 050
*63 ES 6507 063 8 51
75 1,9
*80 ES 6507 080 6 61
*100 ES 6507 100 4 64
2 ES 6509 002 925 6
4 ES 6509 004 551 14
6 ES 6509 006 332 19
10 ES 6509 010 112 18
16 ES 6509 016 53 86 35 1,7
20 ES 6509 020 57 36
12 25 ES 6509 025 292 35 38
30 ES 6509 030 26 41
40 ES 6509 040 22 56
*50 ES 6509 050 19 74
*63 ES 6509 063 14 89
ES 6509 080 75 3,1
*80 11 108
*100 ES 6509 100 7 112
2 ES 6511 002 1370 9
4 ES 6511 004 860 21
6 ES 6511 006 610 30

e
10 ES 6511 010 158 25
16 ES 6511 016 53 133 54 1,9 p
20 ES 6511 020 89 57
17,5 25 ES 6511 025 367 56 62
30 ES 6511 030 47 68
40 ES 6511 040 35 90
*50 ES 6511 050 29 116
*63 ES 6511 063 25 159
75 3,6
*80 ES 6511 080 17 174
*100 ES 6511 100 12 192
2 ES 6513 002 1850 12
4 ES 6513 004 1102 28
6 ES 6513 006 664 38
10 ES 6513 010 224 36
16 ES 6513 016 53 171 70 2,4
20 ES 6513 020 114 73
24 25 ES 6513 025 442 69 78
30 83
33

ES 6513 030 52
40 ES 6513 040 44 113
*50 ES 6513 050 37 148
25

*63 ES 6513 063 28 178

*80 ES 6513 080 75 21 215 4,6
8
*100 ES 6513 100 14 224
2 ES 6515 002 2800 15
4 ES 6515 004 1850 44
6 ES 6515 006 980 54
10 ES 6515 010 330 48
16 ES 6515 016 53 250 94 2,75
36 537
20 ES 6515 020 170 110
25 ES 6515 025 101 118
30 ES 6515 030 75 135
40 ES 6515 040 61 198
*50 ES 6515 050 55 237
75 5,1
*63 ES 6515 063 39 268
The cold resistances values (at 20 C) have a tolerance of a 10 %
7
MANUFACTURER
DOAN
Elektroteknik Sanayi ve Ticaret A..
Elimsan Group
zmit-Adapazar E-5 Karayolu 17. km Uzuntarla- zmit / TURKEY
Telephone: 90 (262) 375 28 15 - 375 28 16 - 375 34 68-69
Faks: 90 (262) 375 28 14
http: //www.doganelk.com.tr
e-mail: info@doganelk.com.tr

DOAN A.. is a member of ELMSAN GROUP

DISTRIBUTED BY
ELMSAN
Snai Mamlleri Pazarlama Ticaret. A.
Uzuntarla - zmit / TURKEY
Telephone: 90 (262) 375 23 60 (4 Line) Faks: 90 (262) 375 23 22
http: //www.elimsan.com.tr
e-mail: elimsanpazarlama@elimsangroup.com