You are on page 1of 36
Chuong IV. GIO] HAN A. GIGI HAN CUA DAY SO §1. DAY CO GIGI HAN O 1. Dinh nghia day sé gidi han 0 Dinh nghia: Ta néi ring day s6 (u,) c6-gi6i han 1a 0 (hay c6 gidi han 0) néu moi s6 hang cia day déu c6 gid tri tuyét doi nhd hon mot sé dutong nhé tuy ¥ cho truée ké tir mot sé hang ndo dé tro di. Khi d6 ta viet lim (u,) = 0, viet tt 18 lim(u,) = 0 hoge limu, = 0 hoe u,->0 Nhdn xét: Day 86 (u,) 6 gi6i han 0 khi va chi khi day s6 (lu,!) 06 giéi han 0 2. Mot sé day sé c6 giéi han 0 thudng gap Sit dung dinh nghia, ngudi ta ching minh duge ring atim) =0;1im—L =0; tim. =o; a vo Va = 0 (Kk 18 sO nguyén duong cho truéc); ‘NGi rong hon lim Vn b. Day khong d6i (u,), véi u, = 0 c6 giéi han 0.5 ¢, Néi Iql < | thi img” = 0. C&c ban duge sit dung két qua nay khi lam bai ma khong phai chimg minh. Thi dy. alim + = tin() 3 3 ae b. tim 2 = tin(- 2) =0,c) tin 2 = nin(2) (-5)" 5) x T tu, Is, Dinh Ife Cho bai dy 96 (0) va (7). NEa 4" °"" thi lim, = 0. im, ‘Thi dy 2. Ching minh time Lai gidi ta o6, (Sin@2n+3) 5: freee ale “ = a ) vatin( 2) =0. Theo inh ly tren tae6 dpem. 153 §2. DAY CO GIGI HAN 1. Dinh nghia day s6 gidi han : Xét diy s6 (u,) voi u,=9 + —& ou,-92—-L, 1 Ta cé: lim(u,— 9) = lim—= =0 vn Ta n6i ring day s6 da cho cé giéi han 1A 9. Mot cach téng quat, ta 06: Dinh nghia: Ta néi rang day sé (u,) c6 gidi han 1a s6 thue L néu lim(u,- L) = 0 Khi dé ta viet lim (u,) = L, viét tat 1a lim(u,) = L hoge limu, = L hoge u,> L. ‘Thi du 3. Ching minh: a. jim 2220" =3; beim sinnn+4Vn n c. lim(u,) = c v6i u, = ¢ (c la hang s6). Lai gial a. Ta c6 lim| 22°40" xe _ -3} -um(-3) =0 eo tim22 =O" a b. Ta cé lim sm) ( Vn n n sin mn} 1 1 sinnan 7 lim Vn | Vn Vn 7 = in( sans oetimsnanesle = 4 (pee) 7 Tacé =0 -4 ¢. Ta cé lim(u,- ¢) = fin(c - c) = lim0 = 0 ¢> lim(u,) = ¢ (dpem). 2. Mot 86 dinh I Dinh ly 1: Gid sit lim u, = L. Khi d6 a. limlu,| = IL! valimau, = VL. b. Néu u,2 0 véi moi n thi L2 0 valim fu, = VL. Dinh ly 2: Gid sit lim u, = L, lim v, = M vac la hing s6. Khi d6 a. cdc day s6 (u, + V,)s (tty-V,)s (Uy-¥,)s (C-t,) 66 gidi han va lim(u, + v,) =L+M. © lim(u,-v,) = L-M lim(u,.v,) = L.M elim(c.u,) =c.L. : b. Néu MO thi day so (2) 6 gidi han va lim| (2) = Vn . gir 154 Dinh ly 3: (Dinh ly kep vé gidi han) Cho ba day s6 (v,), (U,), (W,) va 86 thue L. Vv, SU, SW, Néu véi moi n ta c6 thi (u,) ¢6 gidi han va limu, = L. limy, = limw, = Binh ly 4: (Vai-o-xto-rat-xo) . Day s6 ting va bi chan trén thi c6 giéi han. b. Day s6 gidm va bi chan dudi thi cé giéi han. 3. Két qua dang nho a. tin +2) =e. (e=2,71828 1828459...) n b. Téng ciia cfip sO nhan lai vo han (Iqi< 1) 1: S=u, +uq+ ug? ...= 4. Cae thi du Thi du 1. V6i k 18 s6 nguyén duong va c la hing s6, ta c6: lim = clim tl a ‘Thi dy 2. lim va tim(2--220¢ 20) 3. ni? 4 Thi du 3. Tim cde gidi han sau day: _ a ee a 9n* -3n* +n4+1 z n’4+4n* 41 Loi giai (Chia cho lus thita bée cao nhdt ca n trong mdu thite cita phan thie) a. Chia tir thifc va mu thiic cho n* ta cé: Tene eee 9n?—3n? +n41 I n b. Chia tir thie vi mu thic cho n? ta 66 : 3°32 W3n?=3n+2 _ 0 at _ lim=2— n'+4n? +1 ae nel)? Thi dy 4. Tim lim (=) . a , 155 Loi Ta c6: (ey (ay = Cole : (H2-Af(iet])- 1 sim(1+24 =14+0+0=1. @ n smf(s}) -mfeetfbotfbet]]eaeve Tir (1), (2), 3) suyratim(224) =le=e. 1 tee Thi du 5. Tinh ting ‘S= 2444 : : a Tai giai RG rang S la t6ng cia cp s6 nhan lai vo han véi u i. ae ; nén 4p dung tacéS= OP = I-q 1-05 Ban biét them : Mot cach minh hoa hinh hgc téng tren. Xét tam gidc ABC 6 dign tich bing 1. Goi Ai,As, Asy. theo thi ty 1 trung diém AC, A,C, A,C... va By, Bs thit tla trung diém BC, B,C, B,C... tac6: cong thite S 1 J. theo ~ Dign tich tam giée ABB, bing ; — Dién tich tam gidc AB,A, bing 7 ~ Dien tich tam gide A,B,B; bing 3 — Din tich tam gide A,ByA, bing a — Dign tich tam giéc A2B:B, bing ea {Thi du 6. Ddi mdi s6 th4p phan v6 han tudn hoan sau thanh phan s6: | a.0,33333.... b. 7,28282828.... 156 3 a. Viet lai 0,3333.. —— 10° 10° => 0,3333... 1a téng cia cp so nhan lai vo'han véi u, = 2 .q= + nén 3 0,333... = 10_ = 1 3 b. Viet lai 7,28282828... = 7 + 0,28282828.... Ta cé: 0,28282828= 2% , 28 , 28, 28, 100 * 10? * i00* * 100 => 0,28282828.... 1d téng cia cdip s6 nhan lai vO han vor u, = 28. 100 7” 100 B rr -L 9 100 ve 28 _ 721 Tur d6 suy ra 7 + 0,28282828... = 7+ 55 = “Ge hay 7,28282828.. Thi du 7. Goi CIA dung tron dutmg kinh AB = 2a (a 18 s6 thuc duong cho truéc) CC, la dudng gém hai nia dudng tron duimg kinh x ; AB C, 1a dudng gém bén nita dudng trdn dudng kinh open , la dung gém 2" nita duimg tran dung kinh = Goi p, 1a do dai cia CG, va S, din tich hinh phing gidi han b&i C, va doan thing AB a. Tinh p, va C,. b. Tim gidi han cia cc day s6 (p,) va (S, Lai giai a. Méi dutng tron duémg kinh 2 6 bin kinh 1a 1, = 2 © Niza chu vi cia n6 1a mr, hay oa =P 2 2 © Dien tich cta n6 la nr? hay (2) > 5, = 24{ 3] b. Thay ring (p,) Ia day s6 khong déi va limp, = limna (bang nita dO dai dudng tron duéng kinh AB). 157 © Thay ring (S,) la cfip s6 nan lai v6 han c6 S, = oe cong béi 1a. q = $ Bai vay, theo din nghfa tng cia cp s6 nhan lai v6 han ta cé: 2 t = ma’, (bing dién tich duémg trdn duéng kinh AB). [Tides Cho iq < 1, 1Q)< 1. Bi rang: asltqetgst.. tq’ lt. b=1+QeQ se... tQure.. Tinh tong S=14+qQ+q7Q'+...+q'QV'+... Loi gia Thay ring: #2 1a téng cia mot céip sO nhan lai vo han véi u, = 1 va c6 cong bdi 1a # bla téng cia mot ctip sé nhan li v6 han véi u, = 1 va c6 cong bdi 1a Q 14 tng chia mot cdip s6 nhan lai vO han véi u, = 1 va oé cong Gi Li qQ Theo cong thite téng cita mot cap s6 nhan lai v6 han ta c6 () (2) fal @) Thay (1), (2) vao (3) c6: S= eS = sa oes al b §3. DAY DAN TOI VO CYC 1. Cae dink nghia Dinh nghia 1: Ta noi ring day s6 (u,) c6 gidi han 14 + © néu moi sO hang cia day s6 déu 1én hon mot s6 duong lon tuy ¥ cho trudc ké tir mot s6 hang nado dé tra di. Khi d6 ta viet: lim(u,) = +, viét tét 18 tim(u,) +0 hoc limu, = + © hoac u,—> +. Dinh nghia 2: Ta noi ring day s6 (u,) c6 gidi han Ta -20 néu moi s6 hang cia day s6 déu nhd hom mot s6 am bé tuy ¥ cho truée ké tir mot sO hang ndo 6 tré di Khi 46 ta viet: lim(u,,) = -20, viet tat LA tim(u,) = 00 hoa limu, = -<0 ho’e u, -> 2. 158 ‘Thi du 1. | | 7 | elimn= 40 limvn = #2 dim¥n = bers tim2 = br | # fim ~ 2ny= Chi y + Cie day $6 c6 gidi han 1a + 00 va -o2 duge goi chung Ia edie diy s6 c6 giéi han vo cuc hay din dén vo cuc. + Day s6 c6 gidi han Ia s6 thyc L duge goi 1A day s6'c6 giéi han hitu han. 2. Vai quy tac tim gidi han vo cuc Vi_+ 0 va ~c0 khong phai Ia céc s6 thuc nén khong Ap dung dugc céc dinh ly trong §2. Ta thita nh§n cdc quy tic sau: lim Von == 0s fis Quy tie T_limu, [| limv, | lim(uyy,) + +0 +0 Néu limu, = 200 va limy, = 200 thi = = = lim(u,v,) duge cho trong bang bén: = -« = 40 Quy tae2 Timu, | DauetiaL | lim(u,y,) +0 + +0 Néulimu, = +00 valimy,=L#0thi] - ae lim(u,y,) duge cho trong bang bén: oe + es wc - to ‘Quy tae 3 DauciaL | Dauctav, | limu,v,) Néu limu, = L #0, limy, = 0 va + + +2 - 0 v,# 0 thi lim“ duge cho trong . . es a . + bang ben: _ Chi §: «Neu lim v,=0 va v0 th lim: a. Va © Néu lim|u,l= +00 thi lim. Thi du 2. Tinh cde gidi han sau: 2 a tim3+2; b. tim 22243, 1-2n 5n* +3n+1 Tai giat Chia ca tir thie va méu thite cho luy thita bac cao nhft cia n trong méi phan thite ta 06: 0 (vi tin(2-+n) = +0, tin( 2-2} a a 159 Sn°+4n wi tim( 20 oe a 13-2n? 43? _ c. lim - eee n Nhdan xét: Bang cach chia tir va mau cho lily thira bac cao nhat ciia n trong mau thie nhu céch 1am trong thf du trén ta thu dugc két qua sau: a,n? +a,_.n” p 1 vnent a, V4n?-=n+7 ae = 0 (2) 4n? -n+7 =0=limy2.3" -n+5 = +0. Thi du 6. Téng cia mot cap s6 nhan lui vo han bing 6 va téng cla hai sO hang, Suy ra OS @ Lai cé lim Tir (1), (2) suy ra lim dau bing 2. Tim s6 hang dau va cong b9i cita efip s6 nhan dy. Lai gist Goi u,,q theo thi tu 18 s6 hang dau va cong b6i cia cap s6 nhan da cho. Téng cia cfp s6 nhan bing 6 nghialaS= —“ =6 > u,=6(1-q) (1) q Téng hai s6 hang déu bing ; nghia fu, + ug = 2 2u(l +o=3 Q Thay (1) vao (2) c6 6(1 - q)(1 +q)= ; el- eget detesqeat Ce i) 1 1 7 ousOl-5)=3 Thay vio (I): * Véiq *Voig=-5 c6u)=6(1 + 3)=9 Vay ta c€ hai cap s6 hang du va cong bOi cla cp s6 nhan thod man yéu cu bai Thi du 7. Cho day s6(u,) : 1 gas =P ~3,Kin 22 2 a. Ching minh day (v,) xe dinh boi I, +6 18 mot cap s6 nhan. b. Tim lim u,. 161 Loi gidi a, Tacé v,=u,+6 (v,) 1a cp s6 nhan Thay (2) vio (1) c6 v,,,- 6 = v6i cong boi q= — vav,=14+6=7. 2 Bai thé (v,) c6 s6 hang téng quat 1a v, Thay vao (2) tacé u, = = — 6, Dé 1a s6 hang téng quit ciia day s6 (u,). b.lim u, (4-6) =0-6=-6. Vay lim u, =-6. BAI TAP Bai 1. Tim céc gi6i han sau 2 a. tim Lt 820 Cl _ 2-n+n' l+n? 4n?+n43 Bal 2. Tim céc gidi han sau : O ineeeneeeenee bilim( Yn+sin2(n +h —yn—cos*(n +1) len Bai 3. Tim cdc gidi han sau : b.lim2 1, ¢. lim 3.4" —n +1. eres oot = +A hi 22 a. Goi (v,) [8 day xéc dinh bai v, = u, + a. Tim o: dé (v,) 14 mot ctip s6 nhan. b. Timlim u, Bai 5. Biéu thi m6i s6 thap phan vo han tudn hoan sau dudi dang phan s6 a. 2,22222 b. 5,123123123... Bai 6. Cho hinh vuong ABCD cé canh bing a. Hinh vudng A,B,C,D,cé dinh 1a trung diém cdc canh cia hinh vuéng ABCD, hinh vuong A;B,C;D, cé dinh 1a trung diém céc canh ciia hinh vudng A,B,C,D,,..., hinh vudng A,B,C,D, c6 dinh Ia trung diém céc canh cia hinh vung A,_,B,-:C,-:D,-1,-.--Goi p, se PaeeeVA S), So Syy--+ theo thit ty 1a chu vi va dién tich cdc hinh vuéng A,B,C,D,, A;B,C) Ae ByiCy-iDy-t a. Tim gidi han céc day s6 (p,) va ( b. Tim cdc téng p, + p: +... +p, + VAS, +S... 48,4. Bai 7. Cho ae; 7 ). Tinh téng | ~ tan?a + tanfa +... + (“Dana +... 162 oS | Bai 8. Cho Iqi<1. Tinh cdc téng sau: | al+2q43q?+...¢nq™'+... bi b+4q49q? t+... +n'q™' +... ce. 1+8q+27q7 +... +n'qh'+.. B. GIGI HAN CUA HAM SO. HAM SO LIEN 1UC §4. KIEN THUC CO BAN | 1. Cac dinh nghia | a. Gidi han tai mét diém | Gia str xq 14 mot diém thudc khoang (a; b), f(x) Ia mét ham s6 x4c dinh trén Khoang (a; b’ c6 thé khong xéc dinh tai x». Dinh nghia | (giéi han hitu han) Ta néi ring him s6 f cé giéi han Ia sé thye L kh x dn dén xy (hode tal diém Xe) nu véi moi day 56 (x,) trong tap hgp (a; b)\{ xp} (tite IA x,€(a; b) vA x, Xq) ma Tims, = x9 tavdéu e6 limf(x,) = L. Khi d6 ta viet: lim f(x (Theo dinh nghia dé : © Néu f(x) = c (hang 86) thi lim f(x) = lime =. ode f(x)->L khi x94. # Néu f(x) =x thi lim f(x) =limx = xp.) wok 7% Dinh nghia 2 (gidi han v6 cuc) Ta ndi ring ham s6 f c6 giéi han la vo cuc khi x dan dén x, (hoic tai diém x.) néu v6i moi day s6 (x,) trong tap hop (a; b\I xo} (tie 1a x,€(a; b) va x, # Xo) ma limx, = Xp ta déu c6 limf(x,) = Khi d6 ta viet lim (x)= 0 hode f(x)->20 khi x—>%o, b. Gidi han tai v6 cuc Dinh nghia 3 (tai vo cuc) «© Gid sit ham s6 f(x) xéc dinh trén khoding (a; +0) Ta néi ring ham s6 f c6 gidi han la s6 thyc L khi x dan dén + n€u véi moi day 86 (x,) trong khoang (a; +0) ({tic 1a x,> a v6i mgi n) ma limx, = +0 ta déu cb limf(x,) Khi 46 ta viét: lim f(x) = L hodc f(x)—->L khi x + 0. @ lim f(x) =L, lim f(x) = +0, lim f(x) = -« duge dinh nghia wong ty. c. Gidi han mot bén _ Dinh nghta 4 (giéi han phai) Gia sir f(x) 1& mt ham s6 xéc dinh trén khong (xo; b) (xoe R ). Ta néi ring him s6'f c6 gidi han phai IA sO thuc L khi x dn dén x5 (hod tai diém Xq) néu v6i moi day s6 (x,) trong Khosing (xg; b) ma limx, = xp ta déu c6 limf(x,) = L. 163 Khi dé ta viét: lim, f(x) = L hode f(x)>L khi xx 5. Dinh nghia 5 (gi6i han tr4i) Gia sir f(x) 18 mot ham s6 xéc dinh trén khoang ( a; 5) (XR). Ta néi rang ham s6 f c6 gidi han trai la s6 thyc L khi x dan dén xp (hoac tai diém Xo) nu v6i moi day s6 (x,) trong khoang (a; x.) ma limx, = Xo ta déu c6 limf(x,) = L. Khi dé ta viet lim f(x) = L hod f(x)->L khi xx, . 8 Nhdn xét: Ham s6 f c6 lim f(x) = L khi va chi khi né c6 lim f(x) = lim f@) = L IL. Dinh ly 1: Gia sit fim f(x) = L va lim g(x) =M (L, MeR). Khi d6 a. lim [f(x) +800] =L+M; : b. ‘im [F109 -e0] =L-M; ©. Jim [Fo800)] = LM, Die bier, nue Ia hing 86th lim [e./(2)] = eL. 4.N&uM 40th tim £20k vote B(x) M. (Giéi han cita téng, hiéu, tich, thuong cia hai ham s6 tai mot diém bang téng, hiéu, tich, thuong cdc gidi han cia ching tai diém d6.(trong truéng hgp thuong, gidi han cud mau phai khéc khéng)). Nhdn xét: NEu k 18 s6 nguyén duong va a Ia hang s6 thi véi moi xoeR, ta cé: lim ax* = ax’ Dinh ly 2: Gia sit lim f(x) = L. Khi 46 a. lim HfGol = IL; b. lim YF) = AL; c. N&u f(x) = 0 véi moi x # x thi L> Ova lim JfG = VL Dinh ly 3: (kep) Gia sit f,h va g 18 ba him s6 xéc dinh trén khoang (a; b) chia diém xp (c6 thé khOng xc dinh tai x0). Néu f(x) < h(x) < g(x) vi moi xe (a; b)\{xXo} va lim f(x)= lim g(x) =L(LeR) eerste thi lim h(x) = L. Chi §: Ba dinh If vita néu tren day diing cd Khi thay x-9xp bai x—> + 00 hodie x—> -20, Ba dinh ly vita néu trén day khong 4p dung dugc cho gidi han vd cuc. | Dinh ty 4: lim! x0 2. Gigi han vo cue Khi gap giéi han vO cuc, ban cé thé ap dung cdc quy téc sau : x ‘Quy tac limu, limy, Tim(u,v,) | . +00 400 + Néu lim f(x) = 40 valim g@)=L#0 | ae us thi lim [f(x)g()] duge cho trong bing bén:| +0 -2 st ~o ~2 +0 Quy tac 2 limu, Dau cia L | lim(u,y,) N&u lim f(x) =L #0, lim g(x) = 0 va g(x #0 +00 + +20 oy ra ny in thi fim £69. duge cho trong bang ben: 0 2 0 x%0 B(x), 2 = +2 Chi ¥ 1: #Néu lim g(x) = Ova g(x) #0 thi lim = to Brey # NEw fim HO) =A60 th Tim = — Tit Chi 9 2: Mat 86 két qua thutng sit dung * lim ae lim ug =0 neex rex @ tim -L = tim + =0, v6i moi s6 nguyen duong k cho truée Cet ee © lim xt = +00; lim(x')= een oe toe [Heo khi ke §5. CAC KY THUAT TIM GIO! HAN I. Ky thuat tim gidi han dang xéc dinh Ki thuat 1. Ap dung truc tiép dinh ly va qui tdc Thi dy 1. Tim cdc gidi han sau a.lim Gx?-x +5), b. lim ; ce liny(x—V5x2 +4) a rl xt a Lai gid 165 - V5.1+4 =1-3=2. c. lim(x ~V5x? +4) ‘Thi du 2. Tim cdc gidi han sau: ~~ 2x? ~5x+2 x? 42x-8 a. lim ——** ; b. tim ~#72—* wet 12x me ax Lai giai a. lim tim 2E=DO=2) lim(2—x) = sh wt 1 wt 2 2 2 b. i ee ee wot x? 44x 4 x(x+4) wt Xx 2 Lai binh 1: Gidi han cia ham s6 tai diém x = a khong phy thud him s6 tai diém y. Trong thi dy vita néu, him s6 6 gidi han mac dau tai d6 ham s6 khong t6n tai. Thi du 3. Tim cdc gidi han sau: _ b. lim —2L__ “x1 7x? 4 5x2" 2 3x ae +5 Lai gia lim (4x-9) =-13 <0 _ a.Tacd ye, = lim? fim (7x? + 5x =2)=0 917K? + 5-2 lim(x = 1) =1>0 \ b.Tacé 4 La lim@x ~ avx? +5)= o "3 3x- 3x-2v2 45 +5 Thi du 4”. Tim cdc giéi han sau: x-3,khix <1 13khix=1 0; a, lim (x) véi foo) = 1-V7x? +2, khix>1 ‘3x-2 b. lim g(x) véi gO = x41 om x+10,khix 2-2 a gia fim f(x) = lim(x ~3) = a. Tacé lite +2)=-2 Vay lim f(x) = lim f(x) =-2 = lim fe) 2 khix< 2 166 i _ 3x lim g(x) = lim == b. Tacé {a2 we? xe] = lim g(x) =8. f(x)= lim (x+10)=8 7? Loi binh 2: Gidi han cia ham sé va gié tri clia ham s6 tai diém lay gidi han c6 thé bing nhau, 6 thé khdc nhau (46 cing 1a 1é ty nhién). Trong thi dy trén: lim f(x) # £(1) = ~13;, lim g(x) = g(-2) = 8. Thi du 5”. 3x2 thin <0 a. Tim céc gidi han cla ham s6 g(x) = | x+1" taix=0. x+10,khix 20 Mel hin ent b. Tim m dé ham s6h(x)= 4x41" 6 gidi han tai x mx? —x+m?,khix 2-1 Lai gidt lim g(x) = lim 2872 =-2 a. Tacé: {x90 x0 X+1 lim g(x) = lim (x +10)=10. 0" mo Thay ring lim g(x) # lim g(x) nén ham 86 khong cé giéi han tai x = 0. oO mo 34 lim h(x) = tim b.Tacé: das! so xe lim, h(x) = lim (mx? -x +m?) =m?+m41 er cad lim (x? -x +1) =3 el Ham s6'e6 gidi han tai x =I khi va chi khi lim h(x) = lim h(x) rae wr 3=m'+m+1]om'+m-2=00 (m= ;m=~2) Loi binh 3, Mac dau ham s6 xéc dinh tai diém x = a, nhung giéi han clia him sO tai diém Ay chira chdc da tén tai. Cau a) trong thi du trén mun néi v6i ban diéu 46. Thi du 6”, Tim cdc giéi han sau: | 2x? =x+1 (X= 5x43 . S+x a. lim S—"; ib. lim ~** elim ——*_, sore x? + 2x43 ay 3x? 44x -1 1944 5x—2x? Lai gia a. Chia cé tir thite va mdu thite cho x’, ta c6: ti 2x? -x+l lim —**— = 2-040 _ 2 we Tx IKE 3 74040 7 rhe! 167 b. Chia ca tir thtte va mau thtte cho x’, ta c6: wo 44 5x —2x* Nhde lai: Dé tinh giéi han tai v6 cuc, ban cé thé chia cho lug thira bac cao nhit cia x ¢6 trong mau thifc, Thi dy 7. Tim cic gidi han sau: Tuong ty lim wee x4] Thay ring: lim 2% = tim +0 wee x? +] - 3 7 b.Ta06 tim LESS jim 2 = tim (-2x) =~ He 32K? ie Aus 7 3 Tuong tr lim 1298+ Ox = wre 3-2x: gag jim Lo 9x4 4x? Thay rang lim ———— ¢ lim ———.— rene pete 32x? te 32x? 7 3 => tim 128+ 45" hong t6n ta. vee 3-2x Thi dy 8. (kep) Tim gigi han K = lim a | sve 2x? 42x41 168 Lai giai Véi moi xER c60.< 25in3x+3e082xI - " 3+2 __S 2x? 42x41 Qxt txt] 2x? 4x41 Tacé lim —->—. = 0= tim !28in3x+3e082x! _ 9, K-09, sve 2x? ext] soe 2x? 42x41 IL, Ki thuat tim gidi han dang vo dinh im g(x) = 0, hode xd lim f(x) = +00 tim £2 trong a6 lim f(x ( x98 B(x) a lim g(x) = 4% t 2. Dang 0.00: lim {f(x)gQx)], trong dé lim f(x) = 0, Jim, g(x) = tx. lim F(x) = lim g(x) = +20 mo bog lim f(x) = lim g(x) = 3. Dang 2-2: lim [f(x)-g(3)], trong 46 | Be ey (lim duge hiéu A thay cho mot trong caic kf tu Xo, X49, X5, +20, -20) x8 Dé tim giéi han céc dang trén, ban phai khit dang vo dinh, Cac ban theo doi mot s6 ky thuat thug ding dé khir dang vo dinh trong mdi thi du dudi day. Ki thudt 2. Khit nhn tit chung a 0 tx? Thi du 9. (dang a Tim lim Tai gia (exdexex?) Lextx? im CEMUERERE) jig LE Rt? eda) Tox Thi du 10. (dang 2) Tim tim 28 *5%=2 On A 42 Lai giai - (x +2)(3x 192 (K+ 2) =D? Thi du 11. (dang 0.0) Tim lim(I-x), 2 rol? x? 42x Loi gidi V6i mgix> 1 ta06 (I-xy 29 — =f 25 x? 4+2x-3 (- Dx +3) (RDP +S) [= DK+S) ~V &=-D(«K+3) x+3 169 Néen tinny] eS =n [(x=DR+5) _ ot a dxl3 NY xd Ki thudt 3. Nhdn biéu thite lién hop F Hang dang thc Lién hop voi a-b_|_Lién hop veia+b a a— bya +b) arb a —b'=(a— by(a’ + ab +b) a [ami du 12", (dang Tim lin ee Nhan ca tir thite va mu thie v6i 2x — V3x? +1 (biéw thiic Lién hgp cia mu thie) (x? ® =1)2x- vx" oe (2x + y3x? 3x? + 12x — 3x? =D) tacd a x-1 S fim (2x ~ V3x? +1 =-4. 2x-Svx-1 Thi du 13”. (danj 9) Tim tim | : Z Savas Lai gid Tacé: tim VRRP RVR=T pq (2-1 v= Dl2x=1 + Vk + Ve) CB gerd ES Gover ayGedxr4xct+ da) aciever ( or) lim(S—x) =0 1-¥i2x41 4x = lim a5 Thi du 14”, (dang oy Tim tim Lai gil vo oa Tac: im PIM I2R AN ogg 2H) _ 290 ax(-4 Yio +1 + Y(l2x +7] = lim -3 aoe BT VinaleVanep | Isl 170 SOReERA UT x45 1-x),| 24> = Gow x°+2x-3 Ki thuét 3. Nkan biéu thite lién hop Hing ding thc Lién hgp voi a-b_| Liénhgp veia+b (a — ba +b) a+b a-b a—b)a’+ab+b*)| a’-ab+b? =ab+ a +b)(a’— ab +b?) [A lién hop vdi B thi Blign hgp vai A Thi du 12”. (dang ~ 2 Tim lim 12x ¢V3x7 +1 Lai giai Nhan cA tir thite va mAu thie véi 2x ~ V3x? +1 (biéu thitc lién hgp cita mAu thi) os (x? = 1)(2x -V3x? +1) (x? EA DOx—vx" +) vx? +) Qx+V3x'+DQx-V3x'4 4x = Gx? +) Oe aE Se Suy ra tim lim (2x - 3x? #1) = ~4 lace 2x-5Vx=1 Thi dy 13®. (dang —) Tim lim SA (dang 2) 3odeed Lai giai Tacé: Vx vx- (2x Ax—1)(V2x-1 4+ Vx-1)34+Vx+4) lim = es 3 ee oT Gada de va eaixci+dx-1) 2x34 Ve=1) (* ae mare im ————————- = +0 | vi 4**" =x lim(5 x) =0 1-Vi2x+1 ax Thi du 14”. (dang 2) Tim tim 0 a} Lai gi V 3 eee ies eee | “Maat Miner tae -3 1 Test 170 Ki thudt 4. Déi bién han K = lim (Vx? + 3x? — Vx? -2x) Lai giat Viét lai K = inh { id (-2)] ox} sae x x x Khix->0 <>y 0, tacé: Thi dy 18”, (Dang <0 - 20) Tim gi Ke tig 39 Vy ER ~ if Pt fs) L+te2 Tom lai: K = 2. ¥Y2x-1+¥x-2 Tai gia Dat x=t+ 1, x—> | khi va chi khit > 0, ta cd Thi du 19, (Dang ST lim x 4 ‘Tom Iai lim = xo Thi dy 20.(Dang 0.2) Tim lim (5 ~ xan . Lai giai Datx=5-t. Khix +5 & t0.Tacd: mt tim ttan=™O=9 = tim ttan{ 2-2) = tim —— = him = 124 0 10 0 (210) 0 mt eso mt I 10 Tom lai: lim (5-x)tan™ = 12 1S 10 n Lai binh: Véi moi a # 0, bing cach dat x =a~ t, ban c6 két qua: 2a | m lim (a — tan Oo Il. Phuong phap goi s6 hang vang Ban chit khit dang khong xac dinh 9, nhan tit chung dé: * Hodge 1a khir nhan tir chung dura vé dang xc dinh. ‘ba bai todn tim gidi han 1a lam xudt hign 172 ——————— * Hodc 1a dua vé dang “co ban”, quen thude da biét rd két qua hodc céch gidi. Trong céc bai tp khé, cdc hang tir cu thanh nhan tir chung thudng thiéu ving, Dé gidi quyét bai todn, diém mu chot 1 khoi phuc céc hang tir thiéu vng d6. Vigc khdi phuc, goi lai céc hang tir dé nhu thé nao, bing cach nao, sé duge trinh bay trong ba phuong phdp du6i day. Ki thuét 5. Goi s6'hang vdng bang hé sé bat dink eaziea | 1 Thi dy 21". Tim tim ene 2 z Ta 06: lim 22% = S* + wat a re x1 eee ee rr T HO? —IYYS— 1? +2) Genes) a Qe DQ? +7)? +2Vx? oe Im nnn = = QB) “ie +7 42Vx2+744 12 3-1 4 Thay (2), (3) vao (1 A=-~-—~=—. ay (2), (3) vo (1) e6: au Li binh 1: Trong 1di gidi trén ta da thém bét 2 vao tir thie ciia f(x). Ba cau hdi dat ra: (1). Tai sao phi c6 s6 2? (2). Tai sao lai 1a s6 2? (3). Tim s6 2 nhu thé nao? Tra ld ba ctu hdi dé ta c6 phuong phap gidi loai todn nay. * Tra Ii cfu hdi 1: S62 1a hang tir da bi xod. Mun gidi, ta phai khOi phuc n6. * Trd Idi cau hdi 3: Céch tim s6 2, thuc hién theo cc buée sau day: ¥s-0 - foe eae xe Buéc]: V6i moic € R , ludn 6: f(x) = ( Buéc 2: Trong chic s6 c dé, ta tim s6 c sao cho x-1 chng c6 nhan tit chung v6i V5=x? - c va f(x) = Vx? +7- c. Didu d6 xy ra khi va chi khi c 1 cia tuyén: _— } 3a)=0 e=2 {runn0 2 ‘ V6 c=2. (C1 c=2 {ten =0 D6 ciing 1a cau tra ldi tai sao lai 1A s6 2. (lua neg ta se too: © Thudt todn 1: Gia sit F(x) = 1 6 gisi han dang? 7 (x) Buée 1: Phan tich f(x) = swore f u@ec B(x) B(x) Buéu: 2 (Tim c): Goi a, (= 1; 2;...) Bu nghigm cita g(x) = fi =0 Khi dc Hi nghiem cia hed *°=9 Gigs 2.y f,(a,)-c=0 Véi ¢ tim duge thi tim BOE va tim BO=E se hode 1a dang xée dinh, oa B(x) sa g(x) hogc 1A dang quen thude. Sau khi tim duge c, vigc trinh bay 1di giai nhu da lim. Thi dy 22. Tim lim 2yx+1-V8—x Lai giai x at Buéc 1: (Phan tich) WeeR, luon c6: f(x) = Wasim _ x Buée 2: (Tim c). Nghi¢m cita mu thite 1a x = 0. VOr1-c=0 Suy rac fa nghigm cia he | f perl May . 2vx+1 a Tex 8 jm SX“ PT NETS = 2} tim **— — tim + 8 — | = i -(i-t)-8 x90 Dey) Lai binh 2: O phuong phép 1, nhan tir.chung duge khit dé dura giéi han vé dang xc dinh, hogc dang auen thugc, hoe dang “co ban”. mlx xl 2 Thi dy 23°, Thm K = lim oem 0 J+ xsin3x — Jeos2x 174 ee Loi giai Goi A= Viexsin3x —VJeos2x = (V1+xsin3x ~1) + (1-Yeos2x) _ Witxsin3x — (ltt xsin3x +1) (—Voos2x)(1+ Voos2x) Vir xsin3x +1 1+ cos2x xsin3x os2x _ xsin3x 2sin? x © Virxsin3x+1) Jeos2x +1 14Vi+xsin3x 1+ Veos2x = tin = a asa ee sin } 590K? 9214 Vb + xsin3x) x7(1+¥cos2x) = in 2. 3 ) af 2 } 03x La vitxcos3x) 9% x? 14+ Veos2x ore ie 2 2 2 ling paanceee pee = tin x0 Jt xsin3x—Veos2x 09? A Thi du 24. (Chiing ta trd lai bai nay trong phuong phap hai bang thi dy 28). _ Vi+2x -Vi+3x Tim tim Loi giai en Mtoe -VIVSe yf Viv ax-1_ Viv3x-1)] Tacé: lin = lim [ee Tat) if 2 3 & im | =| ~poeedne — ~ penne nnn esl! ein sata = lim 7 (f+ 3x)? + Ve ax + 31 +2x + 0] x. (fie 2x +14 3x)? + V4 3x +1) Va+30* pg Mi3e 1 vie2x -1 = lim x x $90 te 2x + GU +3x)? + V4 3x +1) alte an + EES +N nee sip a aa j = (V1+2x + Al + 3x)? +9143x +1) 204 DA+2IN-31 Las tai ti Vi 2x -Vi+3x 5 r6m lai tim > (+ D044) 0 Ki thudt 6. Goi so hang vdng bang tach b6 phan kép YF) -fe00 (xa) Ap dung cho dang lim {n, m, k a cdc 86 ty nhién, 1 $k < min(n, m) } Vax? +x? +6x+9-VOx? +27x +27 eee eee eeee Lai giai Goi A= $x? + x7 + 6x +9 = 8x +(x +3) > AK +3) Goi B= 9x? + 27x + 27 = x*{x +3) => (x+3)-B=x? Thi du 25. Tim K =lim- 8x? Vigt lai: K = lim (Ae 8) a x x x : VA-(x+3) A=(x+3)? &? Goi K, = lim -—————. = lim —=——— = lim ——=-— Ne MOA sK+3) OVA +43) 8 84 = lim————__ = —— => Q) 0(JA+x+3) V943 3 : ee VB (x+3)"-B = lim = tim ——* fad 9143)? +0 +3)VB + VB" ” = lim —___* _____ 901K +3) ae BENET) —— ei » @ 3? 43927 +927 39999 7 . 4,1 _37 Tw (1), @), @) suy ra: K=Ky +K, = 5 + 55 = 5. Tom bai K= 55 Qua thi du trén ta rét ra thuat tofn nhu sau: : vin Br © Thudt todn 2: Bé Gm K = lim ot BO) o6 dang { n,m, k a cdc 6 tu nhién, re sks ots m)} Ta bién d6i: FG) —afe@) _ Vier+[hooP” -neo , ho-4 fe,(x) +[hooy” (x-a)* (x-a)¥ (x-a)* 7 £,(%) B(x) =e Sma ey ER COraY (x-a)FQ (x) (=a) Q,(*) 176 (Qdx), Qu(x) theo thif ty 1a bidu thie lién hop cita F(x) — h(x), h(x) - Vex) ) Suy ra K = lim BO. tim 810 __ x8 (K—a)Quix) | (xa) QQOR) ea Thi dy 26". Tim giéi han K = ee Lai giai Goi A =cos2x ~ 2x = 1 — 2x +x? x? (1 — cos2x) = (I — x)*— x?~ 2sin’x @A-(1-x)? 2sin*x Goi B=s/14 2x? — 4x = 1 - 4x + 6x2= 42 + xt— x8 4 4x3 6x2= 1 + VE Ox? = (1+ x)= x4 4x3— 62-1 + V1+2x. <> (14 x)'- Bax! 4x + 6x? + 1-14 2x7 Vigtlai K = inl “Atm a0 18 2) a) x z VA ~(1-x) Ax(1=x)? =x? ~2sin?x Goi K, = lim =I = lim vee oo Cr 2 = lim ———— _ = = a LUr—e (-x)-4B x (2) ye 7 lim—————__@ 2») =B “e[d-x +d IB +d -vB + PB") . = 4x3 46x? +1-V1+ 2x? = lim ——% +68 HIN x “82/0! +008 +d-aB + | vi+2x? -1 xe Goi K,= tim YS" me 24x +6— = lim mela x) MO Aw] = 0046-1 _ 5 Gy T+hl+hl+bi 4 5.321) tomtaike-1. Dead 4 Tu (1), 2), @)suyra K=K, + = 7 Thi du 27", Tim K = lim 290 J+ Ox +x?) — (U4 3x)(1 + 3x? ) 177 Lai gidi (1+ 2x) +x?) —Y(+ 3x) + 3x?) in rere Tacé: xa) a Goi A= (1 + 2x)(1 +x) = 2x7 ++ DP => AO + DP = 2x, limA = 1 Goi B= (1 + 3x)(1 + 3x?) = 8x" + (x4! => (K+ NB= ~8x'limB = 1 3 Viet tgs Lo tim (YAR +0 , Oo DVB Q K, (x x VA~(x+1) A-( +1)? 2x? Goi = tim2AT AAD = jim ATO = jig 28 ue ey? JA 4x41 hl 2 = limn————_- = 1 (2) x90 (JA +x+1) ® 3 Goi = im St D=¥B lim ——_@+)-B nes 01x +1)? +(x+ DVB + YB?) 8x? = tim——_—8=_ 299 30x 41)? +(x + DVB +B] -8 8 = lim———* ______ 3) Biase NTR Tir (1), (2), (3) suy ra: + = 14) Chit §: 1. Biéu thite h(x) duge noi suy trong f(x), g(x). Vige phan tach bo phan kép h(x) chi lam trén nhdp, khong cén trinh bay trén bai Lim. (Cac ban theo dai thi du 28) 2. Céc hang tir cia h(x) chita s6 mii tir 0 dén k-1 c6 mat vita van trong céc biéu thite cia f(x), g(x). Dé 1a tin hiéu dé goi h(a). Céin biét rang mot vai s6 hang c6 thé 4n (bi trung hoa bdi céc s6 hang) trong f(x), g(x) [thi du (4), (6)]. Thi du 28. (Tra lai Thi du 24). | vi+2x -V143x Tim gigi han K = lim “$2 ay | 4 x Lai gia a (+x) | (4x)= gene Viét lai K = li = im x2(x+3) ot) Viste +14x x oar eee sala? | : wn VEX yy lg Vee (28) ord og AEE (RY oe 178 =. tat oe Gi) le & rot Bet Aad Po (ry be MP eM = tim | = eee (ge (1+ x)? + (+ x14 3x +14 3x)? 8 a = 2 14141 2 Ki thudt 7. Coi sé hang vang bang tdi hién hé thite co ban . Tém tai K= 2 _ li Vit+ax-1l_a im +S x0 x n 6) [am dy 29°, Tim K = lim 2+ 1998V1— 2x — 1998 : x90 x Lai giai Bign d6i: (x? +1998)V1—2x = 1998 _(x? +1998)V1— 2x —(x? +1998) +(x? +1998) — 1998 x x Vite = (2+ 1998) =, x V1-2) x| = tim (x? + 1998) 2=2%=1 4 tim a x a Vi-2x -1 x =>K= in +1998) 2298 | T6m ti 7 2 = 1998-2) +0 Lai binh 3: Trong thi du trén, diém mau chét 1a bét — thém (x? + 1998) vao tir V1-2x -1 thie lam xudt hign nhan tir ~~—=*—" dan dén su thanh cong cia Idi gidi. x Qua thf du trén, ta néu én thuat todn nhu sau : Woe © Thudt todn 3: Gid sit F(x) = PORE + QO) ng try lim F(x), ta bign dBi: : f fe P(x)V1+ ax — P(x) : POX) +QX) P(X) Vi+ax -1 + Fx) x x x (v6i F,(x) = PO*QM) x Suy ra: lim F(X) = 5 lim P(x) + lim F(x). Hang tir ving & day i P(x), di "xung danh”trong biéu thite gidi han. Lai binh 4: Khdc véi phuong phap 1, nhan tir chung trong phucmg phép “Tai hign h@ thie co ban” khong gidn uéc. Khi tim gidi han, lim P(x) 18 mgt s6 xéc dinh. Lai binh 5: Thong thutng an x & mu thi trong hé thife co ban bi triét tiéu khi F(x) 06 dang thyong cdc can thi. (xem Thi dy 230) Sale 7 ‘ny Sa aoa Apne a = om (1) a er Vivxyi+ Xie % -¥imx Thi du 30. Tim gidi han A = lim —;—t 23 “ ja Bx -41-x Loi giai Goi tir thife 14 T, mau thitc 1a M, ta c6: T= Visnyis Pls 3 Vinx xf, x xf x xf, x eo Te Viens Sate k hata e Saas Seles wale Sled bled ey Sed waa S eaft4%—1 -Yi-x +1 3 3 ote fiekyiSbiien-) « {real fied] + {f-3-1}-4=) Ap dung co bin (5) ¢6 lim ae ae lim Turgut: tims > Suy ra: A= 222% = 24 x90 x 24 ~ M 5 max Chit §: Chiing ta cing sit dung phuong phdp nay dé ti hign céc “giéi han co ban—quen thugc” cdn lai duge tich hgp trong cfc thf du vé sau. Ki thudt 8. Ap dung cdc gidi han co ban - quen thudc Thi dy 31. Tim cdc gidi han sau: 1. tim S23 2 0 Ox Lai gia 1 Tad tim 593% = timl 3 sini) ieee ae x90 2x x92 3K 2390 3x 7 7 2, Tac6 Yim S8%) = jim] =! <0 sindx 5 180 Lat binh: Ching minh tuong tur véi moi a ¥ 0,b # 0 ta c6: sinax _ a jj Sinax _ a limS2% = 2 2 140 bx’ aOsinbx_b” Thi du 32”. Tim cdc gidi han sau: Tn tan 20x | 2. tim 9X, tan9x x90 1X x0 tan6x, Lai gia Le tim {2820 _ tin{ 20.0820. ix 2.1. ie 2 x0 Tix OTL 20x tani Ix "1 tan9x _ jin 9 tan9x 6x) _ 9. 3 “as0tan6x 406 9x tan6x) 6 2 Lai binh: Ching minh tuong tu v6i moi ab + 0 ta c6: . tanax a_,. tanax a Fim 28% = 2 jim SEX - 140 bx b_xs0tanbx Thi dy 33”, Tim lim cco oe Lai giat 2sin? 3% sin®), Ta c6: lim 23 tim 2 = Dhim| xX? x0 x? 20 3x 2 Lai binh: Ching minh tuong ty véi moi a # 0 ta o6: tim +2288 = a Thi du 34, Tim lim 22+! x01 =cosx Lai giai 7 7 2 JEN2RT ALL fig] LYRE @ 1-cosx x49) x 1-cosx ari 2 2 Ta c6:lim1—¥2x_ +1 =1, lim = lim: al, ee ke x301-cosx 02sin?x 2 Thay vao (1) ¢6. tim! cos x.cos2x.cos3x Thi du 35. Tim gidi han K = lim, z x 7 181 Loi gid Viét lai: 1 — cosxcos2xcos3x = (1 ~ cosx) + (cosx ~ c + (COsxCOS2x — cosxcos2xcos3x) = (I~ cosx) + cosx(1 — cos2x) + cosxcos2x(1 — cos3x) ._{ |-cosx 1-cos2x 1-cos3x => K = linn| SPS 4 cos 2282 4 cosxcos 2x +—S9S* ed xe x x Tacé lim 108% = 2 timeosbx = 1 (a#0,b #0) oma i) + ies 2 Goi A= cos“ cos cos +... cos Be ge gs OOS Trudng hop 1: a=k2n,tacéA=0 => K=0 ay Truong hop 2: a # k2n, sin al #0 sina 2sin=— 2sin-2> Qsin 2" sin 2 2a eae 2 a 2sin= 2sin 2 aot Chi y ring khin — oo thi 70 nén suy ra: a Fine 288. = 28, 2 88 ny mo @ amma a 2" sine sin 2 2 Tir(1) va (2) két luan: K=0,néu a=k2n; K= 8 neu avk2n. a ‘Thi dy 37. Tim gi6i han K = lim| 2°y2-2+2+4---+¥2+V3 - n-dfican ni F 182 2+A, = \2+Ay = A,= V2+A,. Chit ¥ rang khi n —> 0 thi lim 2"A, = lim 2"* sin me na 32 Bai 9. Tim cfc giéi han sau Vx+7-V5-x? — x-l v2x+1-Vx? 41 sinx xe 1. lim, xo 3. lim 10 5°. lim ————__—_ 390 4 7x? — Joos 4x vx+3-V3x? +5 tg(x 1), Bit 10. Tinh eéc gidi han sau: 7. 1 lim = sin? 7x 21 +0085 V2F Ang = YAU +0085 2.2cos? = = 2cos =y =y 3a" }2(1 —cos- 98 1 -cos3x cos 5x cos 7x 3 32" p.2sin? = 2sin — 3.2" > 0 nén suy ra: = 2% tomiaik = 2. 3 3 BAI TAP xo +x? jim xol sin(x—1) lataa 4. tim LNA Hh x90 1—cos4x 6 inn Lit fx) =x-1 x+l f(-1) =-2 Tacé lim f(x) = lim(x =1) = -2 a mi — lim f(x) = f(-1) = f(x) 1a ham sé lién tuc tai x = -1. Thi du 2. Xét tinh Tien tuc cia him s6 £00 Loi gi Tap xéc dinh : Ta c6 f(x) = => Ham s6 lien tuc v6i moi diém x # 0 (nhan xét) a) lim f(x) = lim (~x) =0 Lai cé f(x) = 0 va (iz Tim f(x)= limx=0 = BFe)=O= FO) a => Ham sO lien tue tai x = 0 Q) Tir (1), (2) két luan ham s6 lién tuc trén R. Thi du 3. Chimg minh ham s6 f(x) = ¥4—- 3x — x? lien tuc trén doan [-4; 1]. 185 Loi gidi Ta 06 4-3x-x20-4 Ham s6 da cho xéc dinh trén doan |~4; 1] # Voi moi xpe(1; 4) ta c6 lim f(x) = lim ¥4-3x-x? = [lim(4-3x-x?) 4 3x9 — x5 = FX). qa) =f(1). 2) = f(4), @) Ti (1), (2), (3) két luan ham s6 da cho lién tuc trén doan [-4; 1]. © lim f(x) = © lim f(x) = woe Thi du 4, Tim céc diém gidn doan cia ham s6 : a. f(x) = b. f(x) = x ©. £0) = Lai giai 13x. 12x41" tn =—+ki b. Ta 66 xp la diém gidn doan cia ham s6 <> | *°~ 2 **™ Xo=-l ¢. Theo nhan xét (*) suy ra f(x) chi c6 thé gién doan tai x = 0 hoae x = 1. 2 x?=1 x41 3-4) © limf(x) = lim lim = lim rt mie) mt x atx = x= 1 1 diém lign tuc, khong phai 1a diém gidn doan cita ham s6. x+1 * limon) = tim *S —- = +0 f(1) => x = 01a diém gidn doan cia ham s6. sin™S, khix <1 Thi du 5". Xét tinh lién tuc cha ham s6f(x)=} skhix > 1 «=D 186 Dhar ve | , ae Lai giai V6i moi x # 1, ta c6 f(x) 1a ham Lién tye (nhan xét (*)) a {im f(x) = lim sin = 1 Laicé f(1) = sin= =1 va 1" ae | tin F039 = tim 222 inal 2 solimf(x) =1= f(1) => Ham s6 lien tye tai x = 5 Q) Tir(1), (2) két lun him s6 lién tyc trén R. Thi dy 6. Ching minh phuong trinh 3x‘ — x + 1 = 0 c6 it nhat mot nghiém thuge khoang (—1; 0). Lai gia Xét ham sO f(x) = 3x°— x + 1. R6 rang f(x) !4 ham lign tue tren doan [-1; 0}. Lai c6 f(-1) = -1 <0, f(0) = 1 > 0. Theo hé qua thi t6n tai it nhat mot diém ce(-I; 0) sao cho f(c) = 0 hay phuong trinh cé it nhat mot nghiém thudc khoang (-1; 0). (dpem). ax? +bx +3,khix <1 Thi dy 7. Tim a, b dé ham s6 f(x) = {5,khi x =1 lién tuc tai x = 1. 2x — 3b, khi x > 1 L Lai gia Ta c6: lim f(x) = lim(ax? + bx +3) =a—b+3, we po lim f(x) = lim(2x-3b) =2-3b mr mr Ham s6 f(x) lign tuc tai = 1 e9 fim f(x) = Tim) = 0). at ” Diu d6 xay ra khi va chi khi (272359 gy [85T 2-3b=5 be-t Vay (a = -b = 1) 18 cap s6 duy nhat thoa man yéu cdu bai todn, x * ‘Xét tinh lies da ham s6 f(x) B(x), Khil vlc tinh Tien tue ciia ham s6 f(x) = : V5x=1, khilx 21 Lai gidi 2 . Pe +e +... 1 téng cia efip s6 nhan lai vo x : Thi du 8%, Goi g0)= 14242. xXx eV6i Ix < 1 tacé 1+ > . 22 187 han véi u, = 1,q= . nen g(x) = x 2 . Theo nhan xét (*) => g(x) 1a ham s6 lién tue v6i moi x ma IxI < I = f(x) lin tue véi moi x ma Ixl< 1. qQ) # V6i moi x, xo ma IxI> 1, Ixgl > | tac6: lim f(x) = lim ¥5x-1 = J5xg-1 = f(x) => f(x) lign tye v6i moi x, ma Ixi>1. @ eTaix=t: *f() = (1) = V5=1 =2 () * lim £@) = lim ¥5x- = V4 =2. (4 lim (x) = lim g(x) = lim <2 = 2 6) wt a rd=x 1 Tu), (4), (5) = lim F(x) = lim) = £(1) = f(x) lién tuc tai x = 1 (6) Tir (1), (2), (6) két luan = f(x) 1a ham s6 lién tuc trén R. BAI TAP Bai 16. Xét tinh lign tuc chia ham s6 f(x) = V4—x? trén doan [-2; 2]. x42 a khi- lex #2 Bal 17. Xét tinh lign tuc cia ham s6 f(x) = 4* ~*~? 5 Jkhi x = —Ihode x = 2 A vi+4x-1 . ceuan ti : UAT khix 20, Bai 18, Xét tinh lién tuc ciia ham s6 f(x) = 4x taix=0 2.khi x =0 Bai 19. Tim a dé ham s6 sau day 1a lign tue f(x) = {r ae _ ux< Bai 20. Chimg minh phuong trinh x? - 3x + 1 = 0 c6 ba nghiém phan biét thudc (-2; 2). : Bai 21. Chimg minh phuong trinh 2x° + 3x + 2 = 0 c6 nghiém. Bai 22. Chimg minh ring: Néu 2a + 3b + 6c = 0 thi phuong trinh atan’x + btanx + ¢ = 0 c6 it nhét mot nghi¢m thudc khoang| {int + ia). 188

You might also like