Experiment 2

DILUTION

1. Introduction
Solution, in chemistry, homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The dissolving
medium is called the solvent and the dissolved material is called the solute (The Columbia
Electronic Encyclopedia, 2017). The concentration of a solution is often expressed as the
quantity of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solution (Silberberg, 2013). In this
experiment, we are determining the concentration of coloured solution which is FeCl3 by
using dilution and colour differentiating (colorimetric) techniques. We aim to understand
molarity, normality and mole concept. Besides, we will learn dilution technique and learning
the way to use M1V1=M2V2 equation in dilute liquid calculation.

2. Method
2.1. Apparatus used:
2.1.1. Four 100ml volumetric flask
2.1.2. One 50ml pipette
2.1.3. One 20ml pipette
2.1.4. One 5ml pipette
2.1.5. One test tube
2.2. Material used:
2.2.1. 0.10M FeCl3 solution
2.2.2. 0.10M KCNS solution
2.2.3. Unknown molarity of FeCl3 solution (solution B)
2.3. Procedure
2.3.1. From standard solution 0.1M FeCl3, 100 ml of 5.0 x 10-2M FeCl3 was prepared.
5.0 x 10-2M now considered as stock solution.
2.3.2. From stock solution, 100 ml of 1.0 x 10 -2M FeCl3 was prepared. 1.0 x 10-2M now
considered as stock solution.
2.3.3. From stock solution, 100 ml of 5.0 x 10 -3M FeCl3 was prepared. 5.0 x 10-3M now
considered as stock solution
2.3.4. From stock solution, 100 ml of 1.0 x 10 -3M FeCl3 was prepared. 1.0 x 10-3M now
considered as stock solution
2.3.5. From stock solution, 100 ml of 5.0 x 10-4M FeCl3 was prepared.
2.3.6. 5ml of each prepared solution was transferred into test tube and 2 drops of KCNS
was added to each test tube. The test tube was shaken until homogen and the colour
changes was observed
 2.3.7. 5ml of B solution was transferred into test tube and 2 drops of KCNS was added.
The test tube was shaken and the colour changes was observed and compared with
the series of solution prepared earlier. The concentration of B solution was
suggested.

3. Results & Calculation:

From the equation of M1V1=M2V2, we can calculate the volume of stock solution needed to
prepare 100ml of intended concentration solution.

M 1 V 1=M 2 V 2

M 2V 2
V 1=
M1
Therefore,
-2
For 100ml of concentration of 5.0 x 10 M FeCl3,

2
(5.0 10 M )(100 ml)
V 1=
0.1 M

V 1=50 ml

-2
For 100ml of concentration of 1.0 x 10 M FeCl3,

(1.0 102 M )(100 ml)

V 1=
5.0 102 M

V 1=20 ml
 -3
For 100ml of concentration of 5.0 x 10 M FeCl3,

(5.0 103 M )(100 ml)

V 1=
1.0 102 M

V 1=50 ml

-3
For 100ml of concentration of 1.0 x 10 M FeCl3,

(1.0 103 M )(100 ml)

V 1=
5.0 103 M

V 1=20 ml

-2
For 100ml of concentration of 5.0 x 10 M FeCl3,

4
(5.0 10 M )(100 ml)
V 1=
1.0 103 M

V 1=50 ml

Volume of
Molarity Stock Molarity of Volume of Stock Volume of
Intended
Solution (M1) Intended (M2) Solution (V1) Distilled Water
Solution (V2)
(M) (M) (ml) Added (ml)
(ml)
0.1 5.0 x 10-2 50 50 100
5.0 x 10-2 1.0 x 10-2 20 80 100
1.0 x 10-2 5.0 x 10-3 50 50 100
5.0 x 10-3 1.0 x 10-3 20 80 100
1.0 x 10-3 5.0 x 10-4 50 50 100
Image Of Experiment

More
Concentration Unknown
4. Discussion concentra

Dilution refers to the process of adding additional solvent to a solution to decrease its
concentration. This process keeps the amount of solute constant, but increases the total amount
of solution, thereby decreasing its final concentration. Dilution can also be achieved by mixing a
solution of higher concentration with an identical solution of lesser concentration. All knows the
higher the concentration, the more of the sample (solute) there in test tubes. We can see the
pattern from left side are more darks than the right side. So, we can tell thats test tube in the left
side more concentrated than the right side. Based on the calculations, 5.0 x 10 -2 M, 1.0 x 10-2 M,
5.0 x 10-3 M, 1.0 x 10-3 M and 5.0 x 10-4 M also can tell us that the higher the number in M (from
left to right), the darker the solutions. For the unknown solution, we can see the second test tube
(from the left side) same colour as the unknown solution. So, we can tell that the unknown
concentration is same as the second test tube which is 1.0 x 10-2 M.

5. Conclusion

As a conclusion, for this experiment the highest concentration of the solution is 5.0 102 M . So,

we can conclude thats the higher the concentration of the solution, the solutions will more darks which is
more concentrated.

6. References
Silberberg, M. S. (2013). Chemistry : The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change (Global
Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. (2017, March 3). Solution (chemistry). Retrieved from
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia:
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Solution+(chemistry)