Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FIRE RESISTANT
MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION
SECTION 701 subjected to afiretest from both sides provided that satis-
GENERAL factory evidence is furnished to show that the wall was
tested with the least fire resistant side exposed to the fur-
701.1 Scope. Provisions of this chapter shall govern the fire nace.
resistant materials and assemblies used for structural fire
resistance and fire resistant separation of adjacent spaces, Exception: Exterior walls with a horizontal separation
including construction, opening protectives, penetrations, greater than 5 ft shall be tested based upon interior fire
fireblocking and draftstopping. exposure only. (See Note i to Table 600.)
TABLE 701.3
CONDITIONS OF RESTRAINT
CONSTRUCTION CLASSIFICATION
1. Wall Bearing:
Single Span and simply supported end spans of
multiple bays:1
(1) Open-web steel joists or beams, supporting
concrete slab, precast units, or metal decking unrestrained
(2) Concrete slabs, precast units, or metal decking unrestrained
Interior spans of multiple bays:
(1) Open-web steel joists or steel beams, supporting
precast units or metal decking unrestrained
(2) Open-web steel joists, steel beams or metal
decking, supporting continuous concrete slab restrained
(3) Cast-in-place concrete slab systems restrained
(4) Precast concrete where the potential thermal
expansion is resisted by adjacent construction2 restrained
701.5.3 Other fire resistance ratings may be accepted by equal to that required for beams, except thatfireresistance
the building official on evidence of compliance with may be omitted from the bottom flange of lintels, shelf
701.2. angles and plates not a part of the structural frame or with
a span of 6 ft (1829 mm) or less.
701.6 Exceptions tofireresistance
701.6.1 Elevator frames. Structural members of frames 701.6.3 Unusable space. The following shall be permitted
for elevators will not be required to have thefireresistance in 1-hour fire resistant floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling con-
required for structural steel, provided such members are struction:
erected within an enclosure of the prescribed fire resis- 1. Omission of the ceiling over unusable crawl space.
tance rating. (See 705.2.) 2. Omission of the flooring if unusable attic space
occurs above, and the ceiling has been shown to
701.6.2 Lintel protection. Lintels over openings in walls provide a 1-hourfireresistance.
shall be protected to provide afireresistance rating at least
SECTION 702 703.5.5 Gypsum veneer base shall comply with the provi-
DEFINITIONS sions of ASTM C 588.
For definitions, see Chapter 2. 703.5.6 Gypsum veneer plaster shall comply with the pro-
visions of ASTM C 587.
SECTION 703
MATERIALS FOR FIRE RESISTANCE 703.5.7 Exterior gypsum soffit board shall comply with
the provisions of ASTM C 931.
703.1 Scope. Materials prescribed herein for fire resistance
shall conform with the requirements of this chapter. 703.5.8 Water resistant gypsum backing board shall com-
ply with the provisions of ASTM C 630.
703.2 Brick. Brick shall be laid in Type M, S, N or O mortar.
Solid clay and shale brick shall conform to ASTM C 216 or 703.6 Metal or wire lath
ASTM C 62. Hollow clay and shale brick shall conform to 703.6.1 Metal lath shall comply with the provisions of
ASTM C 652. Concrete brick shall conform to ASTM C 55. ASTM C 847. Wherever metal lath or wire lath and plas-
Sand-lime brick shall conform to ASTM C 73. Ceramic ter are used as required protection against the spread of
glazed structural facing tile and facing brick shall conform to fire, the weight of lath shall be not less than 2.5 lb per sq
ASTM C 126. yd (1.4 kg/m2) when used in vertical position, and not less
than 2.75 lb per sq yd (1.5 kg/m2) when used in horizon-
703.3 Clay or shale tile. Hollow clay or shale tile shall be tal position. Wire lath shall not be lighter than 21/2 mesh-
laid in Type M, S, N, O or gypsum mortar. Clay or shale tile es per inch, or equivalent.
used in nonbearing partitions and for fire resistance shall
meet the requirements of ASTM C 56. Clay or shale tile used 703.6.2 Weight tags shall be left on all metal lath or wire
in exterior walls and in all loadbearing walls shall comply lath until inspected and approved by the building official.
with the requirements of ASTM C 34 and ASTM C 212.
703.6.3 Metal lath for ceilings below wood joists in con-
703.4 Gypsum struction which is required to be fire resistant shall be
703.4.1 Poured gypsum used for fire resistance and floor attached with l1/2 inch (38 mm), 11 ga, 7/16 inch (11.1
and roof construction shall contain not more than 121/2 mm) head barbed roofing nails spaced at intervals not to
percent of wood chips, shavings or fiber, measured in a exceed 6 inches (152 mm) on centers, or equivalent
dry condition, as a percentage by weight of the dry mix. attachment.
Gypsum mortar shall be composed of one part gypsum
and not more than three parts clean, sharp, well-graded 703.6.4 Welded wire lath shall comply with the provisions
sand, by weight. ofASTMC933.
703.4.2 Fibered plaster may be used where unsanded or 703.6.5 Woven wire lath shall comply with ASTM C
neat gypsum plaster is prescribed. 1032.
703.4.3 All plaster mixes for sanded gypsum plasters shall 703.7 Concrete block. Concrete masonry units used in exte-
be measured by dry weight. rior walls and in all walls or partitions shall comply with
ASTM C 90 and C 129.
703.4.4 When gypsum plaster is used with an aggregate,
the proportions shall be as required in 2504. 703.8 Vermiculite. Vermiculite, when used as an aggregate
with plaster, shall conform in particle size to ASTM C 35.
703.5 Gypsum lath, wallboard and sheathing board The weight of vermiculite shall be not less than 6 pcf (96
703.5.1 Gypsum lath shall comply with the provisions of kg/m3) nor more than 10 pcf (160 kg/m3) as determined by
ASTM C 37. measurement in a cubic-foot box, using the shoveling proce-
dure as outlined in ASTM C 29.
703.5.2 Gypsum lath shall be nailed to wood studs or
joists in all constructions required to be fire resistant, with 703.9 Perlite. Perlite, when used as an aggregate with plas-
l1/8 inch (29 mm), 13 ga, 19/64 inch (7.5 mm) flat head ter, shall conform in particle size to ASTM C 35. The weight
blued nails at intervals not exceeding 4 inches (102 mm) of perlite shall be not less than 71/2 pcf (120 kg/m3) nor more
on centers 5 nails per lath for support of 16 inch (406 mm) than 15 pcf (240 kg/m3), as determined by measurement in a
lath) or equivalent attachment. cubic-foot box, using the shoveling procedure as outlined in
ASTM C 29.
703.5.3 Gypsum wallboard shall comply with the provi-
sions of ASTM C 36. 703.10 Glass block. Glass block shall be labeled to conform
to NFPA 257 or UL 9.
703.5.4 Gypsum sheathing board shall comply with the
provisions of ASTM C 79.
704.1.3.3.3 Steam boilers. Every steam boiler car- 704.1.4.4 Accessory areas, other than assembly occu-
rying more than 15 psi (103 kPa) pressure with a pancies, that do not exceed 10 percent of the allowable
rating in excess of 10 boiler horsepower (98 kW) area for the hazardous occupancy subclassification in
installed in a building other than one of Group F Table 500 and that do not exceed 1,500 sq ft (139 m2)
occupancy, shall be located in a separate room or shall not be required to comply with 704.1. Where
compartment, shall not be located under a means accessory areas are separated from hazardous occupan-
of egress and shall be separated from the rest of cies by partitions, the partitions shall be not less than 1
the building by construction having at least 2- hour fire resistant construction with an opening protec-
hour fire resistance. This rating may be reduced tion rating not less than 3/4 hour. Opening protection
in accordance with the hazard existing when in shall be either self-closing or automatic-closing in
the opinion of the building official it is desirable accordance with 705.1.3.2.3.
to provide for explosion venting upward.
704.2 Interior wall and partition fire separation require-
704.1.3.3.4 Refrigerant system machinery rooms. ments
Where required by the Florida Building Code, 704.2.1 General
Mechanical because of refrigerant type, amount, 704.2.1.1 This section shall apply to the fire separation
system classification and occupancy, a Level 2
machinery room shall be of noncombustible con- requirements of interior walls and partitions for the
struction. A minimum of 1-hour construction shall various occupancies and types of construction.
separate the machinery room from other occupied Partitions of higher fire resistance rating required by
spaces. A minimum of 3/4-hour C-labeled doors other sections of this code may also serve to meet the
shall be used when separating from other occupan- requirements of this section.
cies.
704.2.1.2 All partitions enclosing vertical openings
704.1.4 Hazardous occupancies such as stairways, utility shafts and elevator shafts
704.1.4.1 The separation of a hazardous occupancy which are required to have a fire resistance rating shall
from other occupancies shall be in accordance with extend from floor to floor or floor to roof. These walls
Table 704.1.4. shall be continuous through all concealed spaces such
as the space above a suspended ceiling. The supporting
TABLE 704.1.4 structure shall have a fire resistance rating equal to or
HAZARDOUS OCCUPANCY SEPARATION REQUIREMENTS greater than the fire resistance rating required for the
vertical enclosure. Where the openings are offset at
OCCUPANCY H1 H2 H3 H4 intermediate floors, the offset and floor construction
shall be of construction having a fire resistance of not
A NP 4 4 4 less than that required for the enclosing partitions.
B NP 2 2 1
D NP 4 4 4
E NP 4 4 4 704.2.1.3 All other partitions required to have a fire
F NP 2 1 1 resistance rating shall extend from the top of the floor
H1 NP NP NP below to the ceiling above and shall be securely
H2 NP 1 2 attached thereto. Where said ceiling is not a part of an
H3 NP 1 1 assembly having a fire resistance rating at least equal to
H4 NP 2 1 that required for the partition, the partition shall be
I NP 4 4 4 constructed tight against the floor or roof deck above.
M NP 2 2 2
R 1,2,3, and 4 NP 4 4 4 704.2.1.4 Corridor partitions, smokestop partitions,
Sl,2 NP 2 2 2
horizontal exit partitions, exit enclosures, and fire rated
Note:
walls required to have protected openings shall be
NP = H1 occupancies not permitted to be attached to other occupancies
effectively and permanently identified with signs or
or other H subclassifications.
stenciling in a manner acceptable to the authority hav-
ing jurisdiction. Such identification shall be above any
704.1.4.2 The separation of a hazardous occupancy decorative ceiling and in concealed spaces. Suggested
subclassification shall apply only to storage areas. wording: FIRE AND SMOKE BARRIER PROTECT
ALL OPENINGS.
704.1.4.3 Building areas intended for the use, process-
ing, manufacture or generation of materials having dif- 704.2.1.5 Any required smoke barrier shall be continu-
ferent hazard classifications, all of them being Group ous from outside wall to outside wall, from floor slab
H, need not be separated further within the confines of to floor slab or roof deck, from smoke barrier to smoke
the Group H occupancy provided the requirements for barrier, or a combination thereof, including continuity
each hazard are met. through all concealed spaces such as those found above
suspended ceilings however, smoke barriers are not
required in interstitial spaces designed and constructed
riers shall be of 1-hour fire resistant construction. FIRE RESISTANCE RATING OF EXIT ACCESS CORRIDORS4-7
Fixed wired glass vision panels shall be permitted in
OCCUPANCY OCCUPANT FIRE RESISTANCE
such barriers provided the panels do not individually
LOAD RATING (hours)
exceed an area of 1,296 square inches (0.84 m2) and
are mounted in steel frames. There is no restriction on Sprinklered Unsprinklered
the total number of such panels in any barrier.
A,B,F,M,S less than 30 0 0
Exception: Smoke barriers in Group I Restrained A 30 or more 1 1
occupancies shall be permitted to be constructed of B,F,M,S 30 or more 0 1
minimum 0.10-inch (2.5 mm) thick steel. D6 All, 0 1
R1,R2,R3 less than 10, 0 0
Note 1
704.2.2 Partition requirements by occupancy R1.R2 10 or more, 1
/2 1
704.2.2.1 Group I Restrained Note 1
704.2.2.1.1 Smoke barriers shall be constructed in R4 16 or less 0 0
accordance with 704.2.1.5. R4 more than 16, 0 1
Note 1
704.2.2.1.2 All interior partitions in Type I and Type E Note 2, 5 1 1
II construction shall be of noncombustible construc- I Unrestrained All 0 N/A
I Restrained All 0 0, Note 3
tion.
H All 1 1
704.2.4 Exit access corridors. Fire resistance rating of Exception: The wall need not be extended when the
exit access corridors shall be in accordance with Table floor above the crawl space has a minimum 1-hour fire
704.2.4. resistance rating.
separate exterior walls meeting the requirements of Table es (457 mm) past any combustible projection or veneer.
600 for zero clearance from property lines as required for Party walls or fire walls shall extend to the inside fac-
the type of construction. Separate exterior walls shall ing of the exterior surface of noncombustible construc-
include one of the following: tion.
1. A parapet not less than 18 inches (457 mm) abose
the roof line. 704.5.1.3 Fire walls shall be in accordance with the
2. Roof sheathing of noncombustible material orfireretar- requirements of NCMA-TEK 5-8 or equivalence in
dant treated wood, for not less than a 4 ft (1219 mm) brick or poured concrete or other nationally recognized
width on each side of the exterior dividing wall. tested systems.
3. One layer of 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) Type X gypsum
board attached to the underside of roof decking, for 704.5.2 Parapet Walls
not less than a 4 ft (1219 mm) width on each side of In Type III and Type V Construction. exterior walls shall
the exterior dividing wall. extend not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above the roof.
positioning shall be permitted from a remote com- 705.1.3.2.2 Unless otherwise specified, doors and
mand station. view panels within doors in walls required to have a
fire resistance rating of 1 hour or less shall have a
705.1.2.3.2 Smoke dampers located in ducts that fire protection rating of at least 20 minutes when
penetrate smoke barriers shall close upon detection tested in accordance with NFPA 252 without the
of smoke by smoke detectors that are: hose stream.
1. Installed in accordance with NFPA 72.
2. Located on either side of a smoke barrier door Exception: For Group I Unrestrained, corridor
opening where ducts penetrate smoke barriers doors shall be in accordance with 409.1.4.
above the door opening.
3. Located within the ductwork in existing 705.1.3.2.3 All doors in smoke barriers, horizontal
installations. exits, stairway enclosures and other doors opening
between rooms and fire-rated exit access corridors
705.1.2.3.3 Required smoke dampers in air transfer shall be self-closing and shall be maintained closed
openings shall close upon detection of smoke by or, in buildings of low or ordinary hazard contents
smoke detectors that are installed in accordance when approved by the building official, shall be
with NFPA 72. permitted to be automatic-closing doors provided
with approved door holding devices of the fail-safe
705.1.2.3.4 Smoke dampers are not required under type which will release the door causing it to
the following conditions: become automatic-closing and to close when acti-
1. Ducts or air-transfer openings that are part of vated by approved listed smoke detectors in accor-
an engineered smoke control system. dance with the following:
2. Ducts where the air continues to move and the 1. Upon release of the hold-open mechanism, the
air-handling system is arranged to prevent door becomes self-closing; and,
recirculation of exhaust or return air under a 2. The release device is designed so that the door
fire emergency condition. instantly releases manually and upon release
3. Air inlet or outlet openings in ducts that are becomes self-closing, or the door closes by some
limited to a single smoke compartment. simple or readily obvious operation; and,
4. Ducts that penetrate floors that serve as smoke 3. The automatic releasing mechanism or medium is
barriers. activated by the operation of an approved, auto-
matic smoke detection system installed in accor-
705.1.3 Approved types of fire windows, doors and dance with NFPA 72 to protect the entire build-
shutters ing, designed and installed to provide for actua-
705.1.3.1 Wall openings required to be protected shall tion of the system promptly so as to preclude the
be protected by approved listed and labeled fire doors, generation of heat or smoke sufficient to interfere
windows and shutters and their accompanying hard- with egress before the system operates; or, the
ware, including all frames, closing devices, anchorage operation of approved smoke detectors installed
and sills, in accordance with the requirements of NFPA in such a way as to detect smoke on either side of
80, except as otherwise specified in this code. the door opening, as detailed in NFPA 72. Either
Exception: Unprotected openings shall be permit- system shall be permitted to be zoned where
ted for corridors in multi-theater complexes where approved by the building official; and,
each motion picture auditorium has at least 1/2 of its 4. Any fire detection system or smoke detector is
required exit or exit access doorways opening provided with such supervision and safeguards as
directly to the exterior or into an exit passageway are necessary to insure reliability of operation in
and the complex is protected throughout with an case offire;and,
approved automatic sprinkler system. 5. Upon loss of power to the hold-open device, the
hold-open mechanism is released and the door
705.1.3.2 Openings are classified in accordance with the becomes self-closing; and,
character and location of the wall in which they are situ- 6. The release by means of smoke detection of one
ated. Fire protection ratings for products intended to com- door in a stair enclosure results in closing all
ply with this section shall be as determined and reported doors serving that stair.
by a nationally recognized testing agency in accordance
705.1.3.3 The maximum size of fire doors shall not
with NFPA 252 or NFPA 257. All such products shall bear
an approved label. In each of the following classes, the exceed that specified in Appendix E, NFPA 80.
minimum fire protection ratings are shown. 705.13.4 For 11/2hour and 1 hour doors used in stairway
enclosures the average temperature rise developed on the
705.1.3.2.1 Fire doors are classified as 3 hour, 1 1/2 unexposed side shall not exceed 450F (232C) at the end
hour, 1 hour, 3/4 hour or 20 minute. of 30 minutes of standard fire test exposure.
705.1.3.5 Fire doors shall be equipped with an approved 705.1.4 Fire shutters
closer. (See 1009.2.2 for doors in horizontal exits.) 705.1.4.1 When equipped with fire shutters of the
swinging type, at least one in every three openings fac-
Exception: Doors located in common walls separat- ing a street in each story shall have such shutters
ing guest rooms in Group Rl hotels and motels may arranged to be readily opened from the outside.
be installed without automatic or self-closing devices. Distinguishing marks shall be provided on such shutters.
705.1.3.6 View panels 705.1.4.2 Fire shutters of the rolling type shall include
705.1.3.6.1 One-fourth inch (6.4 mm) thick wired approved automatic closing devices.
glass labeled for fire protection purposes may be
used in approved opening protectives with the max- 705.1.5 Opening protection in stairway enclosures.
imum sizes shown in Table 705.1.3.6. Other glazing Opening protectives in stairway shafts are limited to self-
materials which have been tested and labeled to closing or smoke actuated, automatic-closing fire door
indicate the type of opening to be protected for fire assemblies. If smoke-actuated closures close one door, all
protection purposes may be used in approved open- doors serving that stairway shall close.
ing protectives in accordance with their listing with
the maximum sizes tested. For requirements for 705.2 Protection of floor openings
safety glazing, (See 2405.) 705.2.1 General requirements
705.2.1.1 Protection of floor openings shall be provid-
TABLE 705.1.3.6 ed in accordance with these provisions to prevent the
LIMITING SIZE OF WIRED GLASS PANELS1,2,3 spread of fire from story to story.
MAXIMUM MAXIMUM MAXIMUM 705.2.1.2 For protection of stairways, see 1006. For
RATING, OPENING AREA HEIGHT WIDTH protection of elevators, see 3003.1.
(sq In) (In) (in)
705.2.1.3 For protection of pipe, conduit, cable, wire,
3-hour door 0 0 0 tube, duct and vent penetrations of fire resistance rated
1 & 1 1/2-hour doors 100 33 12 floors, roofs, ceilings and shaft enclosures, see 705.4.
3
/4-hour door 1,296 54 54
705.2.1.4 Duct penetrations
For S1: 1 in = 25.4 mm, 1 in2: = 645.16 mm2. 705.2.1.4.1 Fire dampers shall be installed in accor-
dance with the manufacturer's installation instruc-
Notes: tions in ducts penetrating only one floor of a building
1. The glass shall be well-embedded in putty, and all exposed joints
between the metal and glass shall be struck and pointed. requiring the protection of vertical openings when the
2. Devices used to view through fire doors rated at 1 1/2 hours or less duct is not protected by a shaft enclosure described in
shall be labeled. the Florida Building Code, Mechanical.
3. Wired glass in 20-minute doors shall be limited to the amount of
glass tested in a door. 705.2.1.4.2 Fire dampers shall comply with the
requirements of UL 555 and shall bear the label of
705.1.3.6.2 Fire windows, side lights and transoms an approved testing agency. Closure shall interrupt
in 1-hour fire resistant partitions shall be 45-minute any migratory air flow and restrict the passage of
fire protection rated. Such fire protection rated glaz- flame. Fire dampers shall be classified and identi-
ing shall consist of labeled glazing installed in fied for use in either:
labeled frames in accordance with their individual 1. Static systems that automatically shut down
listings. in the event of fire.
2. Dynamic systems that operate in the event of
705.1.3.6.3 View panels shall achieve a minimum fire.
fire protection rating of 45 minutes, including fire
endurance and hose stream tests in accordance with 705.2.1.5 Floor fire doors. Floor fire door assemblies,
NFPA 257 under positive pressure. Within the first used to protect openings in fire rated floors, shall be
10 minutes of a test, the pressure in the furnace shall tested in the horizontal position in accordance with
be adjusted so at least 2/3 of the test specimen is ASTM E 119 and shall achieve a fire resistance rating
not less than that of the assembly being penetrated.
above the neutral pressure plane, and the neutral
Floor fire doors shall bear an approved label.
pressure plane shall be maintained at that height for
the balance of the test. 705.2.2 Shaft enclosures. All openings through a floor
and penetrations through a floor shall be protected by a
705.1.3.7 The aggregate area of glazing in fire doors, fire
shaft enclosure in accordance with 705.2.3.
windows, side lights and transoms in 1-hourfireresistant
partitions shall not exceed 25 percent of the area of a Exceptions:
wall separating a room or space from a corridor. 1. A shaft enclosure is not required for openings
totally within a dwelling unit and connecting
four stories or less.
2. A shaft enclosure is not required for a floor open- 705.2.3 Shaft enclosure construction
ing which: 705.2.3.1 Fire resistance. The fire resistance rating of
1. is not part of the required means of egress, and shaft enclosures shall be in accordance with Table
2. is not concealed within the building construc-
tion, and 705.1.2 and not less than the floor assembly penetrat-
3. does not connect more than two stories, and ed, but the rating need not exceed 2 hours.
4. does not connect with a stairway or escalator
serving other floors, and
5. is not open to any corridors in Group I and R 705.2.3.2 Construction type. Shaft enclosures shall be
Occupancies or to corridors on nonsprin- of noncombustible materials in Types I, II and IV con-
klered floors in other occupancies, and struction and may be of combustible materials in Types
6. is separated from floor openings serving other
floors by construction conforming with III, V and VI construction.
required shaft enclosures.
3. A shaft enclosure is not required for penetrations 705.2.3.3 Enclosure at bottom. Shafts which do not
by pipe, tube, conduit, wire, cable, duct and vents extend to the bottom of the building or structure shall
protected in accordance with 705.4. be enclosed at the lowest level with construction of the
4. A shaft enclosure is not required for floor open- same fire resistance as the lowest floor through which
ings complying with the special provisions for the shaft passes, but not less than the rating required for
covered malls or atriums. the shaft enclosure, or shall terminate in a room having
5. A shaft enclosure is not required for approved a use related to the purpose of the shaft. The room shall
masonry chimneys where annular space protec- be separated from the remainder of the building by
tion is provided at each floor level in accordance construction having a fire resistance rating and opening
with 705.4. protectives at least equal to the protection required for
6. A shaft enclosure is not required for floor open- the shaft enclosure. For shafts containing refuse or
ings in an open parking garage. laundry chutes, see 705.2.4.
7. A shaft enclosure is not required for floor open-
ings between a mezzanine and the floor below. Exceptions:
8. A shaft enclosure is not required in fully sprin- 1. Fire resistant separation of the room is not
klered buildings for an escalator opening protect- required, provided there are no openings in or
ed in accordance with one of the following alter- penetrations through the shaft enclosure to the
natives: interior of the building except at the bottom of
the shaft. The bottom of the shaft shall be
Alternative A - (1) The area of the floor opening closed off around the penetrating items with
between stories shall not exceed twice the hori- materials permitted by the code for draftstops,
zontal projected area of the escalator, and (2) or the room shall be provided with an
Draft curtains and special sprinkler head loca- approved automatic sprinkler system.
tions shall meet the requirements of NFPA 13, 2. Fire resistance separation of the room is not
and (3) In other than Group B and M occupancies required and the bottom of the shaft may be
the escalator openings shall not connect more open provided there are no combustibles in
than four stories, or the shaft and there are no other openings or
penetrations through the shaft enclosure to the
Alternative B - The opening is protected by interior of the building.
approved power-operated automatic shutters at
every floor opening. The shutters shall be of non- 705.2.3.4 Enclosure at top
combustible construction and have a fire resis- 705.2.3.4.1 A shaft that does not extend to or
tance rating of not less than 11/2hours. The shut- through the underside of the roof deck of the build-
ter shall close immediately upon the automatic ing shall be enclosed at the top with construction of
detection of smoke by an approved device and the same fire resistance as the topmost floor pene-
shall completely shut off the floor opening. The trated by the shaft, but not less than the rating
escalator shall stop when the shutter begins to required for the shaft enclosure.
close. The shutter shall operate at a speed of not
more than 30 ft per minute (0.152 m/s) and shall 705.2.3.4.2 When a shaft extends through a roof, the
be equipped with a sensitive leading edge to shaft enclosure shall extend at least 36 inches (914
arrest its progress when in contact with any mm) above the highest part of the roof that is with-
obstacle, and to continue its progress after in 5 ft (1524 mm) of the opening. The enclosure
release. wall or combination of enclosure wall and guardrail
shall be at least 42 inches (1066 mm) high.
Exception: When a shaft extends through a non- 705.2.4.6 Automatic sprinklers. An approved auto-
combustible roof, a noncombustible guardrail at matic sprinkler system shall be installed at the top and
least 42 inches (1066 mm) high may be used at alternate floor levels in refuse and laundry chutes
around the opening instead of a wall. and in the termination and incinerator rooms.
Exception: Where the penetrating items are steel, fer- Where combustible members frame into hollow walls or
rous or copper pipes or steel conduits, the annular walls of hollow units, all hollow spaces shall be solidly
space shall be permitted to be protected as follows: filled for the full thickness of the wall and for a distance
1. In concrete or masonry walls where the penetrat- not less than 4 inches above, below and between the struc-
ing item is a maximum 6 inch nominal diameter tural members, with noncombustible materials approved
and the opening is a maximum 144 square inch- for fireblocking.
es, concrete, grout, or mortar shall be permitted
when installed the full thickness of the wall or 705.6 Penetrations of horizontal assemblies. All penetra-
the thickness required to maintain the fire rating, tions of a floor, floor/ceiling assembly, or the ceiling mem-
or brane of a roof/ceiling assembly shall be protected by a shaft
2. The material used to fill the annular space shall enclosure in accordance with 705.2 or shall comply with
prevent the passage of flame and hot gases suffi- 705.6.1 through 705.6.4.
cient to ignite cotton waste when subjected to
ASTM E 119 time/temperature fire conditions 705.6.1 Through-Penetrations. Through-penetrations of
under a minimum positive pressure differential fire rated horizontal assemblies shall comply with
of 0.01 inch of water column (2.5 Pa) at the loca- 705.6.1.1 or 705.6.1.2.
tion of the penetration for the time period equiv-
alent to the fire rating of the construction pene- Exceptions:
trated. 1. Steel, ferrous or copper conduits, pipes, tubes,
vents, concrete or masonry penetrating items that
705.5.1.1 Fire rated assembly. Penetrations shall be penetrate a single fire rated floor or floor/ceiling
installed as tested in the approved ASTM E 119 rated assembly where the annular space is protected
assembly. with materials that prevent the passage of flame
and hot gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste
705.5.1.2 Penetration firestop system. Penetrations when subjected to ASTM E 119 time/tempera-
shall be protected by an approved penetration firestop ture fire conditions under a minimum positive
system installed as tested in accordance with ASTM E pressure differential of 0.01 inch of water column
814, with a minimum positive pressure differential of (2.5 Pa) at the location of the penetration for the
0.01 inch of water column (2.5 Pa) and shall have an F time period equivalent to the fire rating of the
rating of not less than the required rating of the wall construction penetrated. Penetrating items with a
penetrated. maximum 6-inch nominal diameter shall not be
limited to the penetration of a single fire rated
705.5.2 Membrane penetrations. Membrane penetra- floor or floor/ceiling assembly provided that the
tions shall comply with 705.5.1 through 705.5.1.2. area of the penetration does not exceed 144
square inches in any 100 sq ft of floor area.
Exceptions: 2. Penetrations in a single concrete floor by steel,
1. Steel electrical boxes that do not exceed 16 ferrous or copper conduits, pipes, tubes and vents
square inches in area provided that the area of with a maximum 6 inch nominal diameter pro-
such openings does not exceed 100 square inch- vided concrete, grout or mortar is installed the
es for any 100 sq ft of wall area. Outlet boxes on full thickness of the floor or the thickness
opposite sides of the wall shall be separated by a required to maintain the fire rating. Penetrating
horizontal distance of not less than 24 inches. items with a maximum 6 inch nominal diameter
Membrane penetrations for electrical outlet shall not be limited to the penetration of a single
boxes of any other material are permitted provid- concrete floor provided the area of the penetra-
ed that such boxes are tested for use in fire rated tion does not exceed 144 square inches.
assemblies and installed in accordance with the 3. Electrical outlet boxes of any material are per-
tested assembly. mitted provided that such boxes are tested for use
2. The annular space created by the penetration of a in fire rated assemblies and installed in accor-
fire sprinkler provided it is covered by a metal dance with the tested assembly.
escutcheon plate.
705.6.1.1 Fire rated assemblies. Penetrations shall be
705.5.3 Combustible framing into masonry fire resis- installed as tested in the approved ASTM E 119 rated
tant walls. Adjacent combustible members entering into a assembly.
masonry fire resistant wall from opposite sides shall not
have less than a 4 inch distance between embedded ends.
705.6.3.1 Noncombustible penetrating items. Exception: Fire resistant joint systems shall not be
Noncombustible penetrating items which connect required for joints in the following locations:
not more than three stories are permitted provided 1. Floors within a single dwelling unit.
that the annular space is filled with an approved 2. Floors where the joint is protected by a shaft
material to resist the passage of flame and hot gases. enclosure in accordance with 705.2.
3. Floors within atriums where the space adjacent
705.6.3.2 Combustible penetrating items. Combustible to the atrium is included in the volume of the atri-
penetrating items which connect not more than two sto- um for smoke-control purposes.
ries are permitted provided that the annular space is filled 4. Floors within malls.
with an approved material to resist the passage of flame 5. Floors within open parking structures.
6. Mezzanine floors.
and hot gases. 7. Walls which are permitted to have unprotected
openings.
705.6.4 Air ducts. Penetrations of horizontal assemblies
by air ducts shall comply with 705.6.4.1 through 705.7.2 Fire test Fire resistant joint systems shall be test-
705.6.4.3. ed in accordance with ASTM E 119 under the following
conditions:
Exception: Cellulose loose-fill insulation shall not be 709.2.1.1.2 For hollow-core precast concrete wall
required to comply with this test method, provided such panels in which the cores are of constant cross sec-
insulation complies with the requirements of 708.8. tion throughout the length, the equivalent thickness
may be calculated by dividing the net cross-section-
708.5 Roof insulation. The use of combustible roof insula- al area (the gross cross section minus the area of the
tion not complying with 708.2 or 708.3 shall be permitted in cores) of the panel by its width.
any type construction provided it is covered with approved
roof coverings directly applied thereto. 709.2.1.1.3 Where all of the core spaces of hollow-
core wall panels are filled with loose-fill material,
708.6 Duct insulation. Duct linings and coverings shall con- such as expanded shale, clay, or slag, or vermiculite
form to the appropriate requirements of the Florida Building or perlite, the fire resistance rating of the wall is the
Code, Mechanical. same as that of a solid wall of the same concrete
type and of the same overall thickness.
708.7 Foam plastics. Foam plastics shall comply with 2603.
709.2.1.1.4 The thickness of panels with tapered
708.8 Cellulose loose fill insulation. Cellulose loose-fill cross sections shall be that determined at a distance
insulation shall comply with CPSC 16 CFR, Parts 1209 and 2t or 6 inches (152 mm), whichever is less, from the
1404. Each package of such insulating material shall be point of minimum thickness, where t is the mini-
clearly labeled as meeting the requirements of CPSC 16 mum thickness.
CFR, Parts 1209 and 1404.
t + (4t / s - I ) ( t , - t )
where
s = spacing of ribs or undulations
t = minimum thickness
te = equivalent thickness of the panel calculated as
the net cross-sectional area of the panel divided
by the width, in which the maximum thickness
used in the calculation shall not exceed 2t.
THICKNESS OF INSIDE WYTHE OF SANCM.IGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE INCHES
FIGURE 709.2.1.2
FIRE RESISTANCE RATINGS
TWO-WYTHE CONCRETE WALLS
TABLE 709.2.1.2
0.59
VALUES OF R FOR USE IN EQUATION 709.2.1.2
Carbonate aggregate
concrete 5.5 7.1 8.9 10.4 12.0 14.0 16.2 18.1 20.3 21.9 24.7 27.2'
Sand-lightweight concrete 6.5 8.2 10.5 12.8 15.5 18.1 20.7 23.3 26.03 Note 3 Note 3 Note 3
Lightweight concrete 6.6 8.8 11.2 13.7 16.5 19.1 21.9 24.7 27.8' Note 3 Note 3 Note 3
Insulating concrete1 9.3 13.3 16.6 18.3 23.1 26.53 Note 3 Note 3 Note 3 Note 3 Note 3 Note 3
Air Space2
For SI: 1 in = 25.4 mm.
Notes:
1. Dry unit weight of 35 pcf (560.6 kg/m3) or less and consisting of cellular, perlile. or vermiculite concrete.
2. The Rn0.59 value for one 1/2" to 31/2" air space is 3.3. The Rn0.59 value for two 1/2" to 31/2" air spaces is 6.7.
3. The fire resistance rating for this thickness exceeds 4 hours.
R, MINUTES R0.59
60 11.20
120 16.85
180 21.41
240 25.37
709.2.1.2.3 The fire resistance ratings of precast con- 709.2.1.3.2 Figure 709.2.1.3 shows thicknesses of
crete wall panels consisting of a layer of foam plastic ceramic fiber blankets to be used to insulate joints
insulation sandwiched between two wythes of con- between precast concrete wall panels for various
crete may be determined by use of Equation panel thicknesses and for joint widths of 3/8 inch
709.2.1.2. Foam plastic insulation with a total thick- (9.5 mm) and 1 inch (25.4 mm) for fire resistance
ness of less than 1 inch (25 mm) shall be disregard- rating of 1 hour to 4 hours. For joint widths between
3
ed. The Rn value for thickness of foam plastic insula- /8 inch (9.5 mm) and 1 inch (25.4 mm), the thick-
tion of 1 inch or greater, for use in the calculation, is ness of ceramicfiberblanket may be determined by
5 minutes; therefore Rn0.59 = 2.5. direct interpolation. Other tested and labeled mate-
rials may be used in place of ceramicfiberblankets.
709.2.1.3 Joints between precast wall panels
709.2.1.3.1 Joints between precast concrete wall
panels which are not insulated as required by this
section shall be considered as openings in walls.
Uninsulated joints shall be included in determining
the percentage of openings permitted by Table 600.
Where openings are not permitted or are required by
this code to be protected, the provisions of this sec-
tion shall be used to determine the amount of joint
insulation required. Insulated joints shall not be
considered openings for purposes of determining
compliance with allowable percentage of openings
in Table 600.
709.2.1.4 Walls with gypsum wallboard or plaster 709.2.1.4.4 For a wall having no finish on one side
finishes or having different types or thicknesses of finish on
709.2.1.4.1 The fire resistance rating of cast-in- each side, the calculation procedures of 709.2.1.4.2
place or precast concrete walls with finishes of gyp- and 709.2.1.4.3 shall be performed twice, i.e.,
sum wallboard or plaster applied to one or both assume that either side of the wall may be the fire-
sides may be calculated in accordance with the pro- exposed side. The fire resistance rating of the wall
visions of this section. shall not exceed the lower of the two values.
709.2.1.4.2 Where the finish of gypsum wallboard Exception: For exterior wall with more then 5 ft
or plaster is applied to the side of the wall not (1524 mm) of horizontal separation, the fire shall
exposed to fire, the contribution of the finish to the be assumed to occur on the interior side only.
totalfireresistance rating shall be determined as fol-
lows: The thickness of the finish shall first be cor- 709.2.1.4.5 When the finish applied to a concrete
rected by multiplying the actual thickness of the fin- wall contributes to thefireresistance rating, the con-
ish by the applicable factor determined from Table crete alone shall provide not less than one-half the
709.2.1.4A based on the type of aggregate in the total required fire resistance rating.
concrete. The corrected thickness of finish shall
then be added to the actual thickness or equivalent 709.2.1.4.6 Finishes on concrete walls which are
thickness of concrete andfireresistance rating of the assumed to contribute to the total fire resistance rat-
concrete and finish determined from Table ing of the wall shall comply with the installation
709.2.1.1, Figure 709.2.1.2, or Table 709.2.1.2. requirements of 709.3.1.6.
TABLE 709.2.1.4A
MULTIPLYING FACTOR FOR FINISHES ON NONFIRE-EXPOSED SIDE OF WALL
Portland Cement-
Sand Plaster 1.00 0.751 0.751 0.501
Gypsum-Sand Plaster
or Gypsum Wallboard 1.25 1.00 1.00 1.00
Gypsum- Vermiculite
or Perlite Plaster 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.25
Note:
1. For portland cement-sand plaster 5/8 inch (15.9 mm) or less in thickness and applied directly to the concrete masonry on the nonflre-exposed side of the
wall, the multiplying factor shall be 1.00.
Table 709.2.2.1.
TABLE 709.2.2.1
MINIMUM SLAB THICKNESS (in)
FIGURE 709.2.2A
FIRE RESISTANCE FOR TWO-COURSE
CONCRETE FLOORS
FIGURE 709.2.2B
FIRE RESISTANCE RATINGS FOR CONCRETE ROOF ASSEMBLIES
709.2.3 Concrete cover over reinforcement 709.2.3.2 Reinforced beam cover. The minimum
709.2.3.1 Slab cover. The minimum thickness of con- thickness of concrete cover to the positive moment
crete cover to the positive moment reinforcement is reinforcement (bottom steel) for reinforced concrete
given in Table 709.2.3A for reinforced concrete and beams is shown in Table 709.2.3C for fire resistance
Table 709.2.3B for prestressed concrete. These tables ratings of 1 hour to 4 hours.
are applicable for solid or hollow-core one-way or two-
way slabs with flat undersurfaces. Slabs may be cast- 709.2.3.3 Prestressed beam cover. The minimum
in-place or precast. For precast prestressed concrete not thickness of concrete cover in the positive moment pre-
covered elsewhere, the procedures contained in PCI stressing tendons (bottom steel) for prestressed con-
Design for Fire Resistance of Precast Prestressed crete beams is shown in Table 709.2.3D for fire resis-
Concrete shall be acceptable. tance ratings of 1 hour to 4 hours.
TABLE 709.2.3A
COVER THICKNESS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR
OR ROOF SLABS (in)
3
Siliceous /4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 l l1/4 l5/8
Carbonate 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 l1/4 l1/4
Sand-Light- 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 l1/4 l1/4
weight or
Lightweight
TABLE 709.2.3B
COVER THICKNESS FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE FLOOR OR ROOF SLABS (In)
Siliceous 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 l1/8 11/2 13/4 23/8 23/4
Carbonate 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 3/4 1 13/8 15/8 21/8 21/4
TABLE 709.2.3C
MINIMUM COVER FOR MAIN REINFORCING BARS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS:
(APPLICABLE TO ALL TYPES OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE)
TABLE 709.2.3D
MINIMUM COVER FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS*6 . 7
1 1
Restrained Carb or Sil 8 1 /2 1 /2 1V2 1/3/41 2V2'
Carb or Sil 2 12 11/2 11/2 1
1 /2 P/2 17/8
Sand LW 8 11/2 1V2 1
1 /2 1V2 21
Sand LW >12 11/2 1V2 1
1 /2 1 /21 15/81
709.2.4 Concrete columns 1. The fire resistance rating for the wall is equal to
709.2.4.1 Minimum size. Table 709.2.4 shows the or greater than the required rating of the column,
minimum overall dimensions of reinforced concrete and
columns for fire resistance ratings of 1 hour to 4 hours. 2. Openings in the wall are protected in accordance
with Table 705.1.2. and
TABLE 709.2.4
3. The main longitudinal reinforcing in the column
MINIMUM DIMENSION OF CONCRETE COLUMNS (in)
has cover not less than that required by
709.2.4.2.
FIRE RESISTANCE RATING
TYPES OF 709.2.4.4 Precast cover units for steel columns. See
CONCRETE 1 hr 11/2hr 2hr1 3hr1 4hr 2 709.5.1.4.
Siliceous 8 8 10 12 14 709.3 Concrete masonry
709.3.1 Concrete masonry walls
Carbonate 8 8 10 11 12
709.3.1.1 The fire resistance rating of walls and parti-
tions constructed of concrete masonry units shall be
Sand-Lightweight 8 8 9 10.5 12
determined from Table 709.3.1. The rating shall be
based on the equivalent thickness of the masonry and
For SI: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.
type of aggregate used.
Notes:
1. The minimum dimension is permitted to be reduced to 8 inches for rec- 709.3.1.2 Where plaster or gypsum wallboard is
tangular columns with two parallel sides at least 36 inches in length. applied to the side of the wall not exposed to fire, the
2. The minimum dimension is permitted to be reduced to 10 inches for contribution of the finish to the total fire resistance rat-
rectangular columns with two parallel sides at least 36 inches in length. ing shall be determined as follows: The thickness of
709.2.4.2 Minimum cover for R/C columns. The gypsum wallboard or plaster shall be corrected by mul-
minimum cover to the main longitudinal reinforcement tiplying the actual thickness of the finish by an applic-
in columns for fire resistance ratings of 1 hour, 11/2 able factor determined from Table 709.2.1.4A. This
hours, 2 hours and 3 hours shall be1 1 / 2 inches (38 corrected thickness of finish shall be added to the
mm); for 4 hours the minimum cover to the main lon- equivalent thickness of masonry and the fire resistance
gitudinal reinforcement shall be 2 inches (51 mm) for rating of the masonry and finish determined from Table
siliceous aggregate concrete and 11/2 inches (38 mm) 709.3.1.
for carbonate aggregate concrete or sand-lightweight
concrete. 709.3.1.3 Where plaster or gypsum wallboard is
applied to the fire-exposed side of the wall, the contri-
709.2.4.3 Columns built into walls. The minimum bution of the finish to the total fire resistance rating
dimensions of Table 709.2.4 do not apply to a rein- shall be determined as follows: The time assigned to
forced concrete column that is built into a concrete or the finish as established by Table 709.2.1.4B shall be
masonry wall provided all of the following are met: added to the fire resistance rating determined in
709.3.1.1 for the masonry alone, or in 709.3.1.2 for the
masonry and finish on the nonfire-exposed side.
TABLE 709.3.1
MINIMUM EQUIVALENT THICKNESS1 (in) OF BEARING
OR NONBEARING CONCRETE MASONRY WALLS2,3,4
TYPE OF AGGREGATE 0.50 0.75 1 1.25 1.50 1.75 2 2.25 2.50 2.75 3 3.25 3.50 3.75 4
Pumice or Expanded Slag 1.5 1.9 2.1 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7
Expanded Shale. Clay or Slate 1.8 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.1
Limestone, Cinders, or
Unexpanded Slag 1.9 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.3 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.5 5.7 5.9
Calcareous Gravel 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.5 5.8 6.0 6.2
Siliceous Gravel 2.1 2.6 3.0 3.5 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.7 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.7
709.3.1.4 For a wall having no finish on one side or thickness of concrete masonry or concrete, or any combi-
having different types or thicknesses of finish on each nation thereof, covering the main reinforcing bars, as
side, the calculation procedures of this section shall be determined according to Table 709.3.4, or by approved
performed twice, i.e., assume that either side may be alternate methods.
the fire-exposed side of the wall. The fire resistance
rating of the wall shall not exceed the lower of the two TABLE 709.3.4
values calculated. MINIMUM COVER OF LONGITUDINAL
REINFORCEMENT IN FIRE RESISTANCE RATED
Exception: For exterior walls with more than 5 ft REINFORCED CONCRETE MASONRY LINTELS (in)
(1524 mm) of horizontal separation, the fire shall be
assumed to occur on the interior side only. NOMINAL WIDTH OF FIRE RESISTANCE RATING
LINTEL (inches)
1 hr 2hr 3hr 4hr
709.3.1.5 When the finish applied to a concrete mason-
1
ry wall contributes to the fire resistance rating, the 6 1 /2 l'/2
masonry alone shall provide not less than 1/2 the total 8 11/2 |l/2 13/4 3
required fire resistance rating. 10 or greater 11/2 l'/2 11/2 13/4
709.3.1.6 Installation of finishes shall be as follows: For S1: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.
1. Gypsum wallboard and gypsum lath applied to
concrete masonry or concrete walls shall be 709.3.5 Concrete masonry columns. Concrete masonry
secured to wood or steel furring members spaced columns shall be designed (and reinforced) in accordance
not more than 16 inches (406 mm) o.c. with applicable requirements of this code. The fire resis-
2. Gypsum wallboard shall be installed with the tance rating shall be determined based on the least plan
long dimension parallel to the furring members dimension of the column in accordance with Table
and shall have all joints finished. 709.3.5 or by approved alternate methods.
3. Other aspects of the installation of finishes shall
comply with the applicable provisions of TABLE 709.3.5
Chapter 7 and Chapter 25. MINIMUM DIMENSION (in) OF
CONCRETE MASONRY COLUMNS
709.3.2 Filled core spaces. The equivalent thickness of FIRE RESISTANCE RATING
filled hollow concrete masonry is the actual thickness of
the unit when loose fill materials are: sand, pea gravel, 1 hr 2hr 3hr 4hr
crushed stone or slag that meet ASTM C 33 requirements;
8 10 12 14
pumice, scoria, expanded shale, expanded clay, expanded
slate, expanded slag, expanded fly ash or cinders in com- For SI: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.
pliance with ASTM C 331; perlite or vermiculite that
complies with ASTM C 332 requirements. 709.4 Clay brick and tile masonry
709.4.1 Masonry walls
709.3.3 Multiwythe masonry walls. The fire resistance 709.4.1.1 The fire resistance ratings of single or multi-
rating of wall assemblies constructed of multiple wythes wythe walls or partitions constructed of solid or hollow
of masonry materials may be based upon the fire resis- clay masonry units shall be determined from Table
tance rating period of each wythe and the continuous air 709.4.1 A or Table 709.4.1B. The equivalent thickness
space between each wythe in accordance with the follow- of the clay masonry unit shall be determined by
ing formula: Equation 709.4.1.1 when using Table 709.4.1 A. The
RA = (R 1 0 . 5 9 + R20.59 + ... +Rn
0.59 fire resistance rating determined from Table 709.4.1 A
+ A 1 + A 2 + ... +A n ) 1 . 7 (EQ. 709.3.3) shall be permitted to be used in the calculated fire
resistance rating procedure in 709.4.2.
where
RA = Fire endurance rating of the TE =V n /LH (Eq. 709.4.1.1)
assembly, hours
R1, R 2 ,..., Rn = Fire endurance rating of wythes where:
for 1, 2, ...n (hours), respectively T E = the equivalent thickness of the clay masonry
A1 A2, ..... An = 0.30, factor for each continuous
air space for 1, 2, ...n, respective- unit, inches;
ly, having a depth of 1/2 inch Vn = the net volume of the clay masonry unit, in3;
(12.7 mm) or more between L = the specified length of the clay masonry unit,
wythes. inches;
709.3.4 Concrete masonry lintels. Fire resistance ratings H = the specified height of the clay masonry unit,
for concrete masonry lintels shall be determined based on inches.
the nominal thickness of the lintel and the minimum
TABLE 709.4.1 A
FIRE RESISTANCE PERIODS OF CLAY BRICK AND TILE MASONRY WALLS
Notes:
l. Equivalent thickness as determined from 709.4.1.1.
2 Calculated fire resistance between the hourly increments listed shall be determined by linear interpolation.
3 Where combustible members are framed in the wall, the thickness of solid material between the end of each member and the opposite face of the wall.
or between members set in from opposite sides, shall not be less than 93 percent of the thickness shown.
4. For units in which the net cross-sectional area of cored brick in any plane parallel to the surface containing the cores is at least 75 percent of the gross
cross-sectional area measured in the same place.
709.4.1.1.1 The equivalent thickness, T E , shall be the Values for R n 0.59 for use in Equation 709.4.1.2 are
value obtained for hollow clay units as determined in given in Table 709.4.1C. Coefficients for thickness of
accordance with ASTM C 67. plaster shall be selected from Table 709.4.1D based on
the actual thickness of plaster applied to the wall or
709.4.1.1.2 The equivalent thickness of solid grouted partition and whether one or two sides of the wall are
clay masonry units shall be taken as the actual thick- plastered.
ness of the units.
where
R= the fire endurance of the assembly, hours;
R n = t h e fire endurance of the individual wall,
hours;
p1 = coefficient for thickness of plaster.
TABLE 709.4.1 B
FIRE RESISTANCE RATINGS FOR BEARING STEEL FRAMED
BRICK VENEER WALLS OR PARTITIONS
TABLE 709.4.1 C
VALUES OF Rn0.59
(FOR USE IN EQUATION 709.4.1.2, 709.4.1.3 OR 709.4.2)
0.59
R, HOURS Rn
1 1.0
2 1.50
3 1.91
4 2.27
Values forRn0.59 for use in Equation 709.4.1.3 are 8 11/2 11/2 13/4 3
given in Table 709.4.1C. The coefficient for each con- 11/2
tinuous air space of 1/2 inch to 3 1/2 inch (12.7 to 89 10 or more 11/2 1V2 13/4
mm) separating two individual wythes shall be 0.3.
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
NP = Not permitted.
709.4.1.4 For a wall having no finish on one side or
having different types or thicknesses of finish on each
side, the calculation procedures of this section shall be 709.4.4 Reinforced clay masonry columns. The fire
performed twice, i.e., assume that either side may be resistance ratings shall be determined based on the least
the fire-exposed side of the wall. The fire resistance of plan dimension of the column in accordance with Table
the wall shall not exceed the lower of the two values 709.4.4. The minimum cover for longitudinal reinforce-
determined. ment shall be 2 inches (51 mm).
R = (R10.59 + R20.59 + ...+Rn0.59 + as) 1.7 (Eq 709.4.2) For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm
where
709.5 Steel assemblies
R = the fire endurance of the assembly, 709.5.1 Structural steel columns
hours; 709.5.1.1 General
R 1 , R 2 and Rn = the fire endurance of the individ- 709.5.1.1.1 These procedures establish a basis foi
ual wythes, hours. determining the fire resistance of column assem-
blies as a function of the thickness of fire resistanl
Values for Rn0.59 for use in Equation 709.4.2 are material and, the weight, W, and heated perimeter.
given in Table 709.4.1C. D, of steel columns. As used in these sections, W is
the average weight of a structural steel column ir
pounds per linear foot. The heated perimeter, D, is
the inside perimeter of the fire resistant material in D = heated perimeter of the structural
inches as illustrated in Figure 709.5.1 A. steel column (inches), and
W = total weight of the structural steel col-
umn and gypsum wallboard protection
709.5.1.1.2 The application of these procedures
shall be limited to column assemblies in which the (pounds per linear foot).
fire resistant material is not designed to carry any of or, W = W+ 50hD/144
the load acting on the column.
FIGURE 709.5.1 A
DETERMINATION OF THE HEATED PERIMETER
OF STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS
where
R = fire resistance (minutes),
h = total thickness of gypsum wallboard
(inches),
TABLE 709.5.1A
W/D RATIOS FOR STEEL COLUMNS
FIGURE 709.5.1 C
GYPSUM WALLBOARD PROTECTED STRUCTURAL STEEL
COLUMNS WITH STEEL STUD/SCREW ATTACHMENT SYSTEM
FIGURE 709.5.1 E
WIDE FLANGE STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS WITH
SPRAY-APPLIED FIRE RESISTANT MATERIALS
where
bf = flange width of the steel column
(inches),
d = depth of the steel column (inches),
and
As = cross-sectional area of the steel column FIGURE 709.5.1 F
(square inches). CONCRETE PROTECTED STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS 1
709.5.1.4.3 If specific data on the properties of con- Notes:
crete is not available, the values given in Table 1. When the inside perimeter of the concrete protection is not square, L
shall be taken as the average of L1 and L2. When the thickness of
709.5.IB may be used. concrete cover is not constant, h shall be taken as the average of h1
and h2.
709.5.1.4.4 For structural steel columns encased in 2. Joints shall be protected with a minimum 1 inch (25.4 mm) thickness
concrete with all re-entrant spaces filled (Figure of ceramic fiber blanket but in no case less than one-half the thick-
709.5.1F(c)), Tables 709.5.1C and 709.5.1D give the ness of the column cover (See 709.2.1.3).
thickness of concrete cover required for various fire
resistance ratings for typical wide flange sections. The 709.5.1.4.5 For structural steel columns protected with
thicknesses of concrete given in these tables also apply precast concrete column covers as shown in Figure
to structural steel columns larger than those listed. 709.5. lF(a), Table 709.5.1E gives the thickness of the
column covers required for various fire resistance rat-
ings for typical wide flange shapes. The thicknesses of
concrete given in these tables also apply to structural
steel columns larger than those listed.
TABLE 709.5.1 B
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
2 1
W14 x 233 1 11/2 W14 x 233 11/2
x 176 x 193
x 132 1 21/2 x 74 1 1 1 2
x 90 1 2 x 61
x 61 11/2 x 43 11/2 2 2'/2
x 48 3
x 43 11/2 21/2 W12 x 65 11/2 2
x 53 1 1 1
W12 x 152 1 21/2 x 40 11/2 2 21/2
x 96 1 2
x 65 1 \V10 x 112 2
x 50 11/2 3 x 88 1 1 11/2
x 40 11/2 21/2 x 60 1
x 33 11/2 2 21/2
W10 x 88 1 2
x 49 3 W8 x 35 21/2
x 45 1 11/2 11/2 x 28 1 1 2
x 39 31/2 x 24 11/2 3
1
x 33 2 x 18 1 /2 21/2
\V8 x 67 1 3
x 58 l1/2 For SI: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.
x 48 1 21/2 Note:
x 31 11/2 31/2 1. The tabulated thicknesses are based on the assumed properties of
x 21 2 structural lightweight concrete given in Table 709.5.1B.
x 18 3 4
31/2
1
W6 x 25 1 /2 2
x 20 3
x 16 1 2 4
x 15
x 9 11/2 21/2 31/2
2'/2
For SI: 1 in. = 25.4 mm. For SI: 1 in. = 25.4 mm.
Note: Note:
1. The tabulated thicknesses are based on the assumed properties of 1. The tabulated thicknesses are based on the assumed properties of
normal weight concrete given in Table 709.5.1B. structural lightweight concrete given in Table 709.5.1B.
where
R = fire resistance rating of column assembly,
hours FIGURE 709.5.1 G
W = average weight of steel column, pounds per CONCRETE OR CLAY MASONRY PROTECTED
ft STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS
D = heated perimeter of steel column, inches Notes:
(see Figure 709.5.1G) d = depth of a wide flange column, outside diameter of pipe
column, or outside dimension of structural tubing column.
Te = equivalent thickness of concrete or clay inches
masonry unit, inches (see Table 709.3.1 t
web = thickness of web of wide flange column, inches
footnote 1 or 709.4.1) w = width of flange of wide flange column, inches
K = thermal conductivity of concrete or clay
masonry unit, Btu/hr ft F 709.5.2 Structural steel beams and girders.
(see Table 709.5.1G) 709.5.2.1 Determination offireresistance
As = cross-sectional area of steel column, square 709.5.2.1.1 These procedures establish a basis for
inches determining the fire resistance of structural steel
dm = density of the concrete or clay masonry unit, beams and girders which differ in size from that
lb per cu ft specified in approved fire resistant assemblies as a
p = inner perimeter of concrete or clay masonry function of the thickness of fire resistant material
protection, inches (see Figure 709.5.1G) and the weight, W, and heated perimeter, D, of the
beam or girder. As used in these sections, W is the
average weight of a structural steel member in lbs
TABLE 709.5.1 G per linear ft. The heated perimeter, D, is the inside
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF CONCRETE OR CLAY perimeter of the fire resistant material in inches as
MASONRY UNITS illustrated in Figure 709.5.2.
DENSITY (d m ) OF UNITS THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (K) 709.5.2.1.2 The weight to heated perimeter ratios
(lb/ft3) OF UNITS (W/D), for both contour and box fire resistant pro-
(Btu/hr ft F) tection profiles, for the wide flange shapes most
often used as beams or girders are given in Table
Concrete Masonry Units 709.5.2. For different shapes, the weight to heated
80 0.207
perimeter ratios (W/D) shall be determined in
85 0.228
90 0.252
accordance with the definitions given in this sec-
tion.
95 0.278
100 0.308 709.5.2.1.3 Except as provided for in 709.5.2.2,
105 0.340 structural steel beams in approved fire resistant
assemblies shall be considered the minimum per-
no 0.376 missible size. Other beam or girder shapes may be
115 0.416 substituted provided that the weight to heated
120 0.459 perimeter ratio (W/D) of the substitute beam is
equal to or greater than that of the beam specified in
125 0.508 the approved assembly.
130 0.561
135 0.620
140 0.685
145 0.758
150 0.837
Clay Masonry Units
120 1.25
130 2.25 |
Structural Contour Box Structural Contour Box Structural Contour Box Structural Contour Box
Shape Profile Profile Shape Profile Profile Shape Profile Profile Shape Profile Profile
W36 x 300 2.47 3.33 x 93 1.38 1.80 x58 1.08 1.69 x 15 0.48 0.63
x280 2.31 3.12 x 83 1.24 1.62 x53 0.99 1.55 x 12 0.38 0.51
x260 2.16 2.92 x 73 1.10 1.44 x50 1.04 1.54
x245 2.04 2.76 x 68 1.03 1.35
x45 0.95 1.40 W8x67 1.61 2.55
x230 1.92 2.61 x 62 0.94 1.23
x210 1.94 2.45 x 57 x40 0.85 1.25 x58 1.41 2.26
0.93 1.17
x 194 1.80 2.28 x 50 0.83 1.04 x35 0.79 1.11 x48 1.18 1.91
xl82 1.69 2.15 x 44 0.73 0.92 x30 0.69 0.96 x40 1.00 1.63
xl70 1.59 2.01 x26 0.60 0.84 x35 0.88 1.44
x 160 1.50 1.90 W18xll9 1.69 2.42 x22 0.61 0.77 x31 0.79 1.29
x 150 1.41 1.79 x 106 1.52 2.18 x!9 0.53 0.67 x28 0.80 1.24
x 135 1.28 1.63 x 97 1.39 2.01 x 16 0.45 0.57 x24 0.69 1.07
x 86 1.24 1.80 x 14 0.40 0.50 x21 0.66 0.96
W33 x 241 2.11 2.86 x 76 1.11 1.60
x 18 0.57 0.84
x221 1.94 2.64 x 71 1.21 1.59
x201 1.78 2.42 W l 0 x 112 2.14 3.38 xl5 0.54 0.74
x 65 1.11 1.47
x 152 1.51 1.94 x 60 1.03 1.36 x 100 1.93 3.07 xl3 0.47 0.65
x 141 1.41 1.80 x 55 0.95 1.26 x 88 1.7 2.75 x 10 0.37 0.51
x 130 1.31 1.67 x 50 0.87 1.15 x 77 152 2.45
x 118 1.19 1.53 x 46 0.86 1.09 x 68 1.35 2.20 W6x25 0.82 1.33
x 40 0.75 0.96 x 60 1.20 1.97 x20 0.67 1.09
W30x211 2.00 2.74 x 35 0.66 0.85 x 54 1.09 1.79 x 16 0.66 0.96
x 191 1.82 2.50 x 49 0.99 1.64 xl5 0.51 0.83
x 173 1.66 2.28 W16x 100 1.56 2.25
x 45 1.03 1.59 x 12 0.51 0.75
x 132 1.45 1.85 x89 1.40 2.03
x 124 1.37 1.75 x77 1.22 1.78 x 39 0.94 1.40 x 9 0.39 0.57
x 116 1.28 1.65 x67 1.07 1.56 x 33 0.77 1.20
x 108 1.20 1.54 x57 1.07 1.43 x 30 0.79 1.12 W5x 19 0.76 1.24
x 99 1.10 1.42 x50 0.94 1.26 x 26 0.69 0.98 x 16 0.65 1.07
x45 0.85 1.15 x 22 0.59 0.84
W27 x 178 1.85 2.55 x40 0.76 1.03 x 19 0.59 0.78 W4xl3 0.65 1.05
x 161 1.68 2.33 x36 0.69 0.93 x 17 0.54 0.70
x 146 1.53 2.12 x31 0.65 0.83
x 114 1.36 1.76 x26 0.55 0.70
For SI: I plf/in. = 0.059 kg/m/mm.
x 102 1.23 1.59
x 94 1.13 1.47 WI4x 132 1.83 3.00
x 84 1.02 1.33 xl20 1.67 2.75
x 109 1.53 2.52
x 99 1.39 2.31
W24 x 162 1.85 2.57 x 90 1.27 2.11
x 146 1.68 2.34 x 82 1.41 2.12
x 131 1.52 2.12 x 74 1.28 1.93
x 117 1.36 1.91 x 68 1.19 1.78
x 104 1.22 1.71 x 61 1.07 1.61
x 94 1.26 1.63 x 53 1.03 1.48
x 84 1.13 1.47 x 48 0.94 1.35
x 76 1.03 1.34 x 43 0.85 1.22
x 68 0.92 1.21 x 38 0.79 1.09
x 62 0.92 1.14 x 34 0.71 0.98
x 55 0.82 1.02 x 30 0.63 0.87
x 26 0.61 0.79
x 22 0.52 0.68
W21 x 147 1.83 2.60
x 132 1.66 2.35 W12x87 1.44 2.34
xl22 1.54 2.19 x79 1.32 2.14 FIGURE 709.5.2
x 111 1.41 2.01 x72 1.20 1.97 DETERMINATION OF THE HEATED PERIMETER
x 101 1.29 1.84 x65 1.09 1.79 OF STRUCTURAL STEEL BEAMS AND GIRDERS
(continued)
709.5.2.2 Spray-applied fire resistant materials 709.6.1.2 Fire resistance ratings calculated using the
709.5.2.2.1 The provisions in this section apply to procedures in this section shall be used only for one (1)
unrestrained structural steel beams and girders pro- hour rated assemblies.
tected with spray-applied cementitious or mineral
fiber materials. Larger or smaller unrestrained beam 709.6.13 When dissimilar membranes are used on a
and girder shapes may be substituted for beams wall assembly, the calculation shall be made from the
specified in approved unrestrained or restrained fire least fire resistant (weaker) side.
resistant assemblies provided that the thickness of
the fire resistant material is adjusted in accordance 709.6.2 Walls, floors and roofs.
with the following expression:
709.6.2.1 These procedures apply to both loadbearing
and nonloadbearing assemblies.
709.5.2.3 Structural steel trusses. The fire resistance 709.6.2.5 In the case of a floor or roof, the standard test
of structural steel trusses protected with cementitious provides only for testing for fire exposure from below.
or mineral fiber materials spray-applied to each of the Except as noted in 701.6.3, floor or roof assemblies of
individual truss elements may be determined in accor- wood framing shall have an upper membrane consist-
dance with this section. The thickness of thefireresis- ing of a subfloor and finish floor conforming to Table
tant material shall be determined in accordance with 709.6.2D or any other membrane that has a contribu-
709.5.1.3. The weight to heated perimeter ratio (W/D) tion to fire resistance of at least fifteen (15) minutes in
of truss elements which can be simultaneously exposed Table 709.6.2A.
to fire on all sides shall be determined on the same
basis as columns, as specified in 709.5.1.1. The weight
to heated perimeter ratio (W/D) of truss elements 709.6.2.6 Table 709.6.2E gives the time increments
which directly support floor or roof construction shall that can be added to thefireresistance when glass fiber,
be determined on the same basis as beams and girders, rockwool or slag mineral wool insulation is incorporat-
as specified in 709.5.2.1. ed in the assembly.
709.5.2.4 Determining conditions of restraint. See 709.6.2.7 Fastening of wood framed assemblies and
Table 701.3 for guidance on restrained and unre- the fastening of membranes to the wood framing mem-
strained assemblies. bers shall be done in accordance with Table 2306.1 and
2504.4.1.
709.6 Wood assemblies
709.6.1 General
709.6.1.1 This section contains procedures for calcu-
lating the fire resistance ratings of walls, floor/ceiling
and roof/ceiling assemblies based in part on the stan-
dard method of testing referenced in 701.
TABLE 709.6.2C
MEMBRANE1 ON EXTERIOR FACE OF WOOD STUD WALLS
Note:
1. Any combination of sheathing, paper and exterior finish listed may be used.
TABLE 709.6.2D
FLOORING OR ROOFING OVER WOOD FRAMING1
STRUCTURAL SUBFLOOR OR
ASSEMBLY MEMBERS ROOF DECK FINISH FLOORING OR ROOFING
15
Floor Wood /32-in wood structural panels Resilient flooring, parquet floor felted-synthetic-fiber
or 11/16-in T & G softwood floor coverings, carpeting, or ceramic tile on 3/8-in
thick panel-type underlay
15
Roof Wood /32-in wood structural panels Finish roofing material
or 11 / 16 in T & G softwood with or without insulation
FIGURE 709.6.3B
EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTORS
FIGURE 709.6.3A
LOAD FACTOR
Ke = the effective length factor as noted in Figure 709.6.3B.
1 = the unsupported length of columns, inches.