SECTION 04 40 00

STONE MATERIALS

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Veneer stone.

B. Sawn ashlar veneer stone.

C. Thin veneer stone.

D. Garden wall stone.

E. Drywall stone.

F. Flagstone/slabs.

G. Landscape boulders.

H. Carderocks tumbled stone.

1.2 RELATED SECTIONS

A. Section 31 10 00 - Site Clearing.

B. Section 31 20 00 - Earth Moving; Excavation and preparation.

C. Section 31 22 13 - Rough Grading.

D. Section 31 23 16 - Trenching.

E. Section 31 23 23 - Fill.

F. Section 32 11 36 - Plain Cement Concrete Base Courses.

G. Section 32 13 16 - Roller-Compacted Concrete Paving.

H. Section 32 96 43 - Tree Transplanting.

I. Section 32 91 19 - Topsoil Placement and Grading.

1.3 REFERENCES

A. ASTM C 97 - Standard Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of
Dimension Stone.

B. ASTM C 170 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Dimension Stone

1.4 SUBMITTALS

A. Submit under provisions of Section 01 30 00.

B. [ Product Data ]: Manufacturer's data sheets on each product to be used, including:

1. Preparation instructions and recommendations.
2. Storage and handling requirements and recommendations.
3. Installation methods.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Manufacturer Qualifications:

04 40 00-1
 B. Installer Qualifications: Firm with documented experience of at least two projects of
similar construction and scope. Include brief description of each project and name and
phone number of owner's representative knowledgeable in each listed project. Other
verifiable experience may be accepted in lieu of the above at the discretion of the
Architect.

C. Mock-Up: Install a mock-up using acceptable products and manufacturer approved

installation methods.
1. Maintain mock-up during construction for workmanship comparison.
a. Remove and legally dispose of mock-up when no longer required.
b. Incorporate mock-up into final construction upon Architect's approval.
2. Obtain Architect's acceptance of finish color, texture and pattern, and
workmanship standard.

D. Pre-Construction Meeting: Prior to commencement of stone installation, conduct a

meeting at the site with the stone materials supplier, the stone installer, and the
Contractor to review the retaining wall requirements. Notify the Owner and the Architect
at least 3 days in advance of the time of the meeting.

1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Store products in manufacturer's unopened packaging until ready for installation (as
applicable).

B. Prevent excessive mud, fluid concrete, or other deleterious materials from coming in
contact with and affixing to stone materials.

1.7 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Do not place backfill when subgrade is wet or frozen.

B. Do not place backfill during wet or freezing weather that prevents conformance with
specified compaction requirements.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 MANUFACTURERS

A. Acceptable Manufacturer: Tri-State Stone & Building Supply, Inc., P. O. Box 34300,
Bethesda, MD 20827. Quarry and Yard are located at 8200 Seven Locks Rd., Bethesda,
MD 20817; Phone: 301-365-2100; Fax: 301-365-5524; Email:
wprunka@carderock.com; Web: http://www.carderock.com.

B. Substitutions: Not permitted.

C. Requests for substitutions will be considered in accordance with provisions of Section 01

60 00.

2.2 VENEER STONE

A. Carderock Veneer Stone: Mica-schist quartzite veneer stone for use in walls with setting
beds of 4 to 6 inches (102 to 152 mm).
1. Depth: 4 to 6 inches (102 to 152 mm).
2. Height: 6 inches to 12 inches (152 to 305 mm).
3. Length: Random lengths up to 60 inches (1525 mm).
4. Coverage: 30 to 35 square feet (2.79 to 3.25 square meters) per ton.
5. Coverage: 40 to 45 square feet (3.72 to 4.18 square meters) per ton.
6. Texture: Somewhat irregular in shape, many pieces with reasonably square edges
for corners.
7. Grade: Rubble.
8. Grade: Snapped.

04 40 00-2
 9. Grade: Premium snapped.
10. Color Range: Full color range; various shades of blues, browns, grays and greens.
11. Material shall conform to the following properties:
a. Specific gravity of 2.75 when tested in accordance with ASTM C 97.
b. Minimum density of 170 lbs/cubic ft (2.72 grams per cubic cm) when tested
in accordance with ASTM C 97.
c. Minimum compressive strength of 13,100 average psi (921 kg/cm) when
tested in accordance with ASTM C 170.

B. Carderock Sawn Ashlar Veneer Stone: Mica-schist quartzite veneer stone for use in
walls with setting beds of 4 to 6 inches (102 to 152 mm).
1. Depth: 4 to 6 inches (102 to 152 mm).
2. Height: 3.5, 7.5, 11.5 inches (89, 191, 292 mm).
3. Length: 6 to 48 inches (152 to 1219 mm).
4. Coverage: 35 to 40 square feet (3.27 to 3.72 square meters) per ton.
5. Texture: Sawn top, bottom and ends, split face.
6. Color Range: Full color range; various shades of blues, grays and greens with
some browns.
7. Material shall conform to the following properties:
a. Specific gravity of 2.75 when tested in accordance with ASTM C 97.
b. Minimum density of 170 lbs/cubic ft (2.72 grams per cubic cm) when tested
in accordance with ASTM C 97.
c. Minimum compressive strength of 13,100 average psi (921 kg/cm) when
tested in accordance with ASTM C 170.

C. Carderock Thin Veneer: Mica-schist quartzite veneer stone for use where a footing or
stone ledge is not available.
1. Depth: 1.5 to 2 inches (38 to 51 mm).
2. Height: 2 to 10 inches (51 to 254 mm).
3. Length: 6 to 14 inches (152 to 356 mm).
4. Coverage: Product is packaged and sold by the square foot. Corner pieces
available separately as required for the project.
5. Texture: Somewhat irregular in shape.
6. Color Range: Full color range, various shades of blues, browns, grays and greens.
7. Material shall conform to the following properties:
a. Specific gravity of 2.75 when tested in accordance with ASTM C 97.
b. Minimum density of 170 lbs/cubic ft (2.72 grams per cubic cm) when tested
in accordance with ASTM C 97.
c. Minimum compressive strength of 13,100 average psi (921 kg/cm) when
tested in accordance with ASTM C 170.

2.3 GARDEN WALL STONE

A. Carderock Garden Wall Stone: Mica-schist quartzite for dry or semi-dry stack retaining
walls up to 24 inches (610 mm) in height.
1. Depth: 8 to 12 inches (152 to 254 mm) deep.
2. Height: 3 to 6 inches (76 to 152 mm).
3. Length: Random lengths up to 18 inches (457 mm).
4. Coverage: 18 to 20 square feet per ton.
5. Texture: Somewhat flat and irregular in shape with one reasonably good face.
6. Color Range: Full color range, various shades of blues, browns, grays and greens.
7. Material shall conform to the following properties:
a. Specific gravity of 2.75 when tested in accordance with ASTM C 97.
b. Minimum density of 170 lbs/cubic ft (2.72 grams per cubic cm) when tested
in accordance with ASTM C 97.
c. Minimum compressive strength of 13,100 average psi (921 kg/cm) when
tested in accordance with ASTM C 170.

2.4 DRYWALL STONE

A. Carderock Drywall Stone: Mica-schist quartzite for dry or semi-dry stack retaining walls.

04 40 00-3
 1. Depth: 8 to 14 inches (203 to 356 mm) deep.
2. Height: 4 inches to 10 inches (102 to 254 mm).
3. Length: Random lengths up to 24 inches (610 mm).
4. Coverage: 12 to 15 square feet (1.1 to 1.4 square meters) per ton.
5. Texture: Somewhat flat and irregular in shape with some stones having one
reasonably good face.
6. Color Range: Full color range, various shades of blues, browns, grays and greens.
7. Material shall conform to the following properties:
a. Specific gravity of 2.75 when tested in accordance with ASTM C 97.
b. Minimum density of 170 lbs/cubic ft (2.72 grams per cubic cm) when tested
in accordance with ASTM C 97.
c. Minimum compressive strength of 13,100 average psi (921 kg/cm) when
tested in accordance with ASTM C 170.

2.5 FLAGSTONE/SLABS

A. Carderock Flagstone/Slabs: Mica-schist quartzite for stepping stones or coping.

1. Height: 2 inches to 5 inches (51 to 127 mm).
2. Area: 1.5 to 5 square feet (0.14 to 0.47 square meters) per stone.
3. Coverage: Varies.
4. Texture: Broad and relatively flat.
5. Color Range: Full color range, various shades of blues, browns, grays and greens.
6. Material shall conform to the following properties:
a. Specific gravity of 2.75 when tested in accordance with ASTM C 97.
b. Minimum density of 170 lbs/cubic ft (2.72 grams per cubic cm) when tested
in accordance with ASTM C 97.
c. Minimum compressive strength of 13,100 average psi (921 kg/cm) when
tested in accordance with ASTM C 170.

2.6 BOULDERS

A. Carderock Landscape Boulders: Mica-schist quartzite boulders.

1. Weight: 300 to 5000 pounds (136 to 2268 kg)
2. Grade: Standard.
3. Grade: Select.
4. Color Range: Full color range, various shades of blues, browns, grays and greens.

2.7 TUMBLED STONE

A. Carderock Tumbled Stone: Mica-schist quartzite smooth tumbled stone.

1. Size: Varies from 2 to 24 inches (51 to 610 mm) in diameter.
2. Texture: Smooth.
3. Color Range: Full color range, various shades of blues, browns, grays and greens.

2.8 ACCESSORY MATERIALS

A. Crushed Limestone Fill: Granular limestone fill graded as follows:

1. 100 to 75 percent passing a 2-inch (51 mm) sieve.
2. 100 to 75 percent passing a 3/4-inch (19 mm) sieve.
3. 100 to 20 percent passing a No. 4 sieve.
4. 0 to 60 percent passing a No. 40 sieve.
5. 0 to 35 percent passing a No. 200 sieve.

B. Drainage Aggregate: Free draining, uniformly graded stone placed immediately behind
the face of the stone wall and graded as follows:
1. 100 percent passing a 1-inch (25 mm) sieve.
2. 100 to 90 percent passing a 3/4-inch (19 mm) sieve.
3. 0 to 10 percent passing a 1/2 inch (12.5 mm) sieve.

C. Geotextile: Non-woven geotextile, AASHTO M288, Class 3.

PART 3 EXECUTION

04 40 00-4
3.1 EXAMINATION

A. Do not begin installation until substrates have been properly prepared.

B. Verify substrate is level, smooth, and capable of supporting stone imposed loads.

C. Verify grades, contours and elevations of substrate are correct.

D. Verify substrate base supporting stone has been properly compacted.

E. If substrate preparation is the responsibility of another installer, notify Architect of

unsatisfactory preparation before proceeding.

3.2 PREPARATION

A. Clean surfaces thoroughly debris, roots, branches and extraneous materials prior to
installation.

B. Prepare surfaces using the methods recommended by the manufacturer for achieving
the best result for the substrate under the project conditions.

3.3 INSTALLATION - GENERAL

A. Install in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.

3.4 INSTALLATION - VENEER STONE

A. Do not begin installation until backing structure is plumb, bearing surfaces are level and
substrates are clean and properly prepared.

B. Coordinate placement of reinforcement, anchors and accessories, flashings and other

moisture control products supplied by other sections.

C. Clean all built-in items of loose rust, ice, mud, or other foreign matter before
incorporating into the wall. All ferrous metal built into the wall shall be primed or
galvanized.

D. If required, provide temporary bracing during installation of masonry work. Maintain

bracing in place until building structure provides permanent support.

E. Install veneer stone and mortar in accordance with ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602
Specifications for Masonry Structures.

F. Maintain masonry courses to uniform dimension(s). Form vertical and horizontal joints of
uniform thickness.

G. Pattern Bond:
1. Lay stone with the bedface, splitface or weather edge exposed. Take care to avoid
a concentration of any one color to any one wall surface.
2. Maintain an approximate 1/2 inch (12.5 mm) joint, as stone allows.
3. If a dry stack installation is desired, stone is to be laid tight to one another, as the
stone will naturally allow.
4. Do not use stacked vertical joints.
5. Lay out work in advance and distribute color range of stone uniformly over total
work area.

H. Anchoring: Tie stone to backing as required by the applicable Building Code. As a

minimum tie stone to backing with metal ties as follows:
1. Provide minimum one tie per 2 square feet of wall surface area.
2. Maximum spacing between adjacent ties shall be 16 inches (406 mm) vertically
and 32 inches (813 mm) o.c. horizontally.
3. Ties shall be imbedded in horizontal joints to a 2 inch (51 mm) minimum depth.
4. Provide additional ties at openings within 12 inches (305 mm) of opening.

04 40 00-5
 I. Joining Work: Where fresh masonry joints partially set masonry.
1. Remove loose stone and mortar.
2. Clean and lightly wet surface of set masonry.
3. To avoid a horizontal run of masonry rack back 1/2 inch(12.5 mm) the length of
stone in each course.
4. Toothing is not permitted.

J. Joints:
1. Lay stone with an approximate 1/2 inch (12.5 mm) mortar joint, as stone allows.
2. Tool joints when "thumb-print" hard with a round jointer slightly larger than the
width of the joint.
3. Trowel-point or concave tool exterior joints below grade.
4. Flush cut joints to be finished with a soft brush only.
5. Retempering or mortar is not permitted.
6. Use non-corrosive stone shims as required to maintain uniform joint thickness.

K. Flashing:
1. Clean surface of masonry smooth and remove any projections, which could
damage flashings.
2. Place flashing on a bed of mortar.
3. Cover flashing with mortar.
4. Provide weep vents at head joints placed every 16 inches (406 mm) along the first
course immediately above flashing or as recommended by weep vent
manufacturer.
5. Use a non-corrosive, fluid conducting polymer mesh such as "Mortar Net",
"Control Cavity", "CavClear" or equal to keep the air space behind the installed
veneer stone, clear of mortar and mortar droppings.

L. Control and Expansion Joints: Keep joints open and free of debris. Coordinate control
joint in accordance with Section 07 90 00 - Joint Protection.

M. Sealant Recesses: Provide open joint 3/4 inch (19 mm) deep and 1/4 inch (6 mm) wide,
where masonry meets doors, windows and other exterior openings. Coordinate sealant
joints in accordance with Section 07 90 00 - Joint Protection.

N. Cutting And Fitting: Cut and fit for chases, pipes, conduit, sleeves, grounds, and other
penetrations and adjacent materials

3.5 INSTALLATION - DRYWALL STONE WALLS

A. Lay out wall to the lines and grades indicated on the drawings. Use the string line and
stakes to mark off any straight portions and marking paint to draw out any curves.

B. Prepare a trench base that follows a string line and/or marking paint. Trench should be a
minimum of 12 inches (305 mm) deep by 6 inches (152 mm) wider than the stone.

C. Fill the trench with 4 inches (102 mm) of crushed limestone. Level and compact the
crushed stone thoroughly with a plate compactor and add another 2 inches (51 mm) of
crushed limestone on top of the compacted stone.

D. Level the base course of stone by placing the first layer of stone on the crushed
limestone base. Check for level front to back and side to side and adjust accordingly with
the large mallet.

E. Stack the second course on top of the base course. Do not line up the seams between
the stones from one course to the other. Select stones that fit well with those on either
side. Proper fit of stones, and thereby the most desirable finished product, shall be
achieved by trimming and shaping stones using a mason hammer and chisels. Shim the
stones as required to eliminate wobbling.

F. If the wall is to be larger than 3 feet high (914 mm), place a perforated drain tile behind
the base course and then buried by the drainage aggregate.

04 40 00-6
 G. Each course should be set back at least 3/4 inch to allow the wall to lean back into the
ground that it will be retaining. Shim the backs of the stones to eliminate wobbling.
Overall batter of the wall shall be 1 inch horizontal for each 1 foot of vertical height.

H. Progressively backfill the wall with the drainage aggregate after each two or three
courses are stacked. Prior to backfilling, lay the geo-textile fabric on the soil behind the
wall, and place the drainage aggregate between the wall and the fabric. The aggregate
shall be a minimum of 8 to 12 inches (203 to 305 mm) from the wall to the fabric.
Compact each layer of aggregate thoroughly. Fill soil in behind the fabric as the stone is
added.

I. Finish the top of the wall with well fitted stones matched to the wall configuration.

3.6 PROTECTION

A. Protect installed products until completion of project.

B. Protect adjacent work areas and finish surfaces from damage during product installation.

C. Cover the top of unfinished stone masonry work to protect it from the weather.

D. Prevent staining of stone from mortar, grout, sealants, and other sources. Immediately
remove such materials from stone without damage to the stonework.

E. Protect base of walls from rain-splashed mud and mortar splatter by means of coverings
spread on ground and over wall surface.

F. Adjust or reset any materials disturbed by successive operations.

G. Touch-up, repair or replace damaged products before Substantial Completion.

3.7 CLEANING

A. Clean exposed faces to remove dirt and stains which may be on units after erection and
completion of joint treatments.

B. Wash and rinse in accordance with stone supplier's instruction.

C. Do not use cleaning materials or processes which could change the character of the
exposed finishes.

3.8 SCHEDULES

END OF SECTION

04 40 00-7