Exp#6 ARMSTRONGS PHASE MODULATOR and FM

demodulation with PLL

This experiment is divided into two main parts;

ARMSTRONG'S PHASE MODULATOR and FM demodulation
with PLL for the generated FM signal.

Part (1): ARMSTRONG'S PHASE MODULATOR

Objectives
This part aims to model Armstrong's modulator;
quadrature phase adjustment; deviation calibration;
introduction to the amplitude limiter.

Theory
This part of experiment has two main steps; first one is to
generate FM signal (FM generation), the second is to
modulate generated signal by (Armstrongs modulator).

1- FM generation

source of FM signals is a voltage controlled oscillator

(VCO). These are available cheaply as integrated circuits.
It is a simple matter to vary their frequency over a wide
frequency range; but their frequency stability is quite
unsatisfactory for today`s communication systems. Refer
to the experiment entitled Introduction to FM using a VCO
in this Volume.

2- Armstrongs modulator
 Armstrong's modulator is basically a phase modulator; it
can be given a frequency modulation characteristic by an
integrator inserted between the message source and the
modulator. For a single tone message, at one frequency, it
is not possible to tell, by whatever measurement, if the
integrator is present (so it is an FM signal) or not (a PM
signal). Only with a change of message frequency can one
then make the decision - by noting the change to the
spectral components

Figure 1: Phase-Locked-Loop

Procedure :

1- patching up
 Figure 2:Armstrong's modulator

The figure above shows the connection of Armstrongs

modulator ; as known its the same connection of the AM
modulator , the only one difference is the phase shift; in
AM modulator was 0 degree , but in Armstrongs it is 90
degrees.

2- model adjustment

the figure below shows the expected Armstrongs signal

Figure 3: Expected output signals

 3- Armstrong's phase adjustment
A- phase adjustment using the envelope

By trimming the front panel control of the PHASE

SHIFTER until adjacent peaks of the envelope is of equal
amplitude. To improve accuracy, you can increase the
sensitivity of the oscilloscope to display the peaks only.
B- phase adjustment using psycho-acoustics

The envelope of Armstrong`s signal is recovered,

using an envelope detector, and is monitored with a pair
of headphones. For the in-phase condition this would be a
pure tone at message frequency. As the phase is rotated
towards the wanted 90 degrees difference it is very easy
to detect, by ear, when the fundamental component
disappears (at rad/s, and initially of large amplitude),
leaving the component at 2 rad/s, initially small, but now
large. This is the quadrature condition.

Part (2): FM DEMODULATION WITH THE PLL

Objectives

introduction to the PLL as an FM demodulator

theory

This part discussing the mothod of PLL modulation for FM

signals , a method to modulate FM signals depnds on
Phase locked-loop reading continuously , it is a non-linear
feedback loop.
 Figure 4: PLL

Procedure

1- FM demodulation

A- making a model of the PLL. Using the RC-LPF in the

UTILITIE Module.
B- testing, with oscilloscope, the FM signal at TRUNKS.
Identify those features which suggest it could indeed be
an FM signal.
C- connecting the FM signal at TRUNKS to the PLL.
D- measuring the properties of each element of the PLL.

2- more measurements

E- setting up an FM signal, using a VCO.

F- comparing the waveform and frequency of the message
at the transmitter, and the message from the
demodulator.
G- checking the relationship between the message
amplitude at the transmitter, and the message amplitude
from the demodulator.
H- using the more demanding two-tone signal as atest
message. The two tones can come from an AUDIO
OSCILLATOR and the 2.033 kHz message from the MASTER
SIGNALS module, combined in an ADDER.