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S GD T BC NINH THI TH LN 1 THPT QUC GIA NM 2017

THPT NGUYN NG O Mn: KHOA HC T NHIN HA HC
Thi gian lm bi: 50 pht, khng k thi gian pht
( thi c 40 cu / 4 trang)

01
Cho bit nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t :
H =1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S =32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca =

oc
40; Cr = 52; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Ag = 108; Ba=137.

H
ai
Cu 1: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp gm xenluloz, tinh bt, glucoz v sacaroz cn

D
2,52lt O2 (ktc), thu c 1,8 gam nc. Gi tr ca m l

hi
A. 3,06 B. 5,25 C. 3,15 D. 6,02

nT
Cu 2: t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s lin kt nh hn

uO
3), thu c th tch kh CO 2 bng 6/7 th tch kh O2 phn ng (cc th tch kh o cng
iu kin). Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c

ie
dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
iL
A. . 10,56 B. 7,20 C. 8,88 D. 6,66
Ta
Cu 3: Thu phn hn hp gm 0,02 mol saccaroz v 0,01 mol mantoz mt thi gian thu
s/

c dung dch X (hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u l 75%). Khi cho ton b X
up

tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th lng Ag thu c l.:
A. 0,095 mol B. 0,090 mol. C. 0,12 mol. D. 0,06 mol.
ro

Cu 4: X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn

/g

dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l

om

A. 18,38 gam B. . 18,24 gam C. 16,68 gam D. 17,80 gam

.c

Cu 5: Mt cht bo c cng thc: CH 2(OCOC17H33) -CH(OCOC15H31)CH2(OCOC17H29 ).

ok

S mol H2 cn hiro ho hon ton 1 mol cht bo l:

A. 4 B. 5 C. 3 D. 1
bo

Cu 6: Cho 8,8 gam CH3COOC2H5 phn ng ht vi dung dch NaOH (d), un nng. Khi
ce

lng mui CH3COONa thu c l:

.fa

A. 12,3 gam. B. 16,4 gam C. 4,1 gam D. 8,2 gam

Cu 7: Hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic T (hai chc, mch h), hai ancol n chc cng
w
w

dy ng ng v mt este hai chc to bi T v hai ancol . t chy hon ton agam X,

w

thu c 8,36gam CO2. Mt khc un nng a gam X vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thm tip 20 ml dung dch HCl 1M trung ho lng NaOH

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d, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam mui khan v 0,05 mol hn hp hai
ancol c phn t khi trung bnh nh hn 46. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 7,09 B. 5,92 C. 6,53 D. 5,36
o o
+ H 2 d (Ni, t ) + NaOH d ,t
Cu 8: Cho s chuyn ho: Triolein X + HCl
Y Z

01
Triolein X Y Z. Tn ca Z l:

oc
A. axit oleic B. axit panmitic. C. axit stearic. D. axit linoleic.
Cu 9: X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi i vi CH 4 l 5,5. Nu em un 2,2 gam

H
este X vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X

ai
l (cho H = 1, C =12, O = 16, Na = 23):

D
hi
A. CH3COOC2H5. B. HCOOCH(CH3)2 C. C2H5COOCH3 . D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3

nT
Cu 10: Este hai chc, mch h X c cng thc phn t C6H8O4 v khng tham gia phn ng
trng bc. X c to thnh t ancol Y v axit cacboxyl Z. Y khng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2

uO
iu kin thng; khi un Y vi H2SO4 c 170C khng to ra anken. Nhn xt no sau

ie
y ng?
A. Trong X c ba nhm CH3
iL
Ta
B. Cht Z khng lm mt mu dung dch nc brom.
s/

C. Cht Y l ancol etylic.

up

D. Phn t cht Z c s nguyn t cacbon bng s nguyn t oxi.

Cu 11: Este X c cng thc phn t C2H4O2 . un nng 9,0 gam X trong dung dch NaOH
ro

va n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:

/g

A. 8,2 B. 10,2 C. 15,2 D. 12,3

om

Cu 12: Trong cng nghip sn xut rut phch nc ngi ta thc hin phn ng no sau
y?
.c

A. Cho dd axit fomic phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 / NH3

ok

B. . Cho anehyt fomic phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 / NH3

bo

C. Cho axetilen phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 / NH3

ce

D. . Cho dd glucoz phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 / NH3

Cu 13: Hn hp hai cht hu c tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c hai mui ca hai axit
.fa

n chc v mt ru. Hai cht hu c l:

w

(1) X, Y l hai este ca cng mt ru. (2) X, Y l hai este ca cng mt axit.
w

(3) X, Y l mt este v mt axit. (4) X, Y l mt este v mt ru.

w

Nhng cu ng l
A. (1), (2). B. (2), (3). C. (3), (4). D. (1), (3).

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Cu 14: Pht biu khng ng l:

A. Dung dch mantoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 khi un nng cho kt ta Cu2O
B. Thy phn (xc tc H+ ,to ) saccaroz cng nh mantoz u cho cng mt monosaccarit
C. Dung dch fructoz ho tan c Cu(OH)2

01
D. Sn phm thy phn xenluloz (xc tc H+ ,to ) c th tham gia phn ng trng gng
Cu 15: Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C5H10O2

oc
, phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc l

H
A. 4 B. 5 C. 9 D. 8

ai
Cu 16: Este X c to thnh t etylen glicol v hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Trong phn

D
t este, s nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi

hi
dung dch NaOH (d) th lng NaOH phn ng l 10 gam. Gi tr ca m l

nT
A. 16,5 B. 17,5 C. 14,5 D. 15,5

uO
Cu 17: Cho axit salixylic (axit o-hiroxibenzoic) phn ng vi anhirit axetic, thu c axit

ie
axetylsalixylic (o-CH3COO-C6H4COOH) dng lm thuc cm(aspirin). phn ng hon
iL
ton vi 43,2gam axit axetylsalixylic cn va V lt dung dch KOH 1M. Gi tr ca V l:
Ta
A. 0,96 B. 0,24 C. 0,48 D. 0,72
Cu 18: Tng s cht hu c mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 l:
s/

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 1
up

Cu 19: Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO 2 sinh ra bng s mol
ro

O2 phn ng. Tn gi ca este l:

/g

A. etyl axetat. B. metyl fomiat C. n-propyl axetat. D. metyl axetat

om

Cu 20: Cht no sau y khng thy phn trong mi trng axit?

A. Xenluloz B. Saccaroz. C. Tinh bt D. Glucoz
.c

Cu 21: Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 90%, lng kh CO 2 sinh ra hp th ht vo

ok

dung dch nc vi trong, thu c 10 gam kt ta. Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng gim
bo

3,4 gam so vi khi lng dung dch nc vi trong ban u. Gi tr ca m l:

A. 20,0 B. 30,0 C. 13,5 D. 15,0
ce

Cu 22: Polime thin nhin X c sinh ra trong qu trnh quang hp ca cy xanh. nhit
.fa

thng, X to vi dung dch iot hp cht c mu xanh tm. Polime X l:

w

A. saccaroz B. glicogen C. Tinh bt D. Xenluloz

w

Cu 23: Triolein khng tc dng vi cht (hoc dung dch) no sau y?

w

A. H2O (xc tc H2SO4 long, un nng) B. H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng).

C. Cu(OH)2 ( iu kin thng) D. Dung dch NaOH (un nng).

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Cu 24: Thy phn este c cng thc phn t C4H6O2 (vi xc tc axit), thu c 2 sn phm
hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y. Vy cht X l
A. . etyl axetat B. . ru etylic. C. ru metylic. D. axit fomic
Cu 25: Mt este c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2, khi thu phn trong mi trng axit thu

01
c axetanehit. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l:
A. CH3COO-CH=CH2. B. CH2CH-COO-CH3.

oc
C. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2. D. HCOO-CH=CH-CH3

H
Cu 26: Mnh khng ng l:

ai
A. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c anehit v mui

D
B. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2c th trng hp to polime

hi
C. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng c vi dung dch Br2

nT
D. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 cng dy ng ng vi CH2=CHCOOCH3

uO
Cu 27: t chy hon ton a mol X (l trieste ca glixerol vi cc axit n chc, mch h),

ie
thu c b mol CO2 v c mol H2O (b c = 4a). Hiro ha m gam X cn 6,72 lt H 2 (ktc), thu
iL
c 39 gam Y (este no). un nng m1 gam X vi dung dch cha 0,7 mol NaOH, c cn
Ta
dung dch sau phn ng, thu c m2 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m2 l:
A. 53,2 B. 52,6 C. 42,6 D. 57,2
s/

Cu 28: Este X c cc c im sau:

up

- t chy hon ton X to thnh CO2 v H2Oc s mol bng nhau;

ro

- Thu phn X trong mi trng axit c cht Y (tham gia phn ng trng gng) v cht Z
/g

(c s nguyn t cacbon bng mt na s nguyn t cacbon trong X).

om

Pht biu khng ng l:

A. Cht Y tan v hn trong nc.
.c

B. t chy hon ton 1 mol X sinh ra sn phm gm 2 mol CO2 v 2 mol H2O
ok

C. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c 170oC thu c anken

bo

D. Cht X thuc loi este no, n chc.

Cu 29: Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100 ml
ce

dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t chy
.fa

hon ton lng hn hp X trn, sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch
w

Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng 6,82 gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X
w

l:
w

A. C2H5COOH v C2H5COOCH3 B. CH3COOH v CH3COOC2H5

C. HCOOH v HCOOC3H7. D. HCOOH v HCOOC2H5

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Cu 30: t chy hon ton 10 ml mt este cn 45 ml O2 thu c VCO2 : VH 2O = 4 : 3 .

Ngng t sn phm chy thy th tch gim 30 ml. Cc th tch o cng iu kin. Cng
thc ca este l:
A. C4H6O2 B. C4H6O4 C. C4H8O2 D. C8H6O4

01
Cu 31: Cho s chuyn ho sau:

oc
C3 H 4O2 + NaOH X + Y ;X + H 2 SO4long Z + T

H
Bit Y v Z u c phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y, Z tng ng l:

ai
A. HCHO, CH3CHO. B. CH3CHO, HCOOH.

D
C. HCOONa, CH3CHO. D. HCHO, HCOOH

hi
Cu 32: Poli(metyl metacrylat) c to thnh t monome tng ng l

nT
A. CH2=CH-COOCH3 B. CH=C(CH3)- COOCH2CH3

uO
C. CH3COO-CH=CH2 D. CH2=C(CH3)-COOCH
Cu 33: Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C 6H10O4 . Thu phn X to ra hai

ie
ancol n chc c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t gp i nhau. Cng thc ca X l:
iL
A. CH3OCO-COOC3H7B. CH3OOC-CH2-COOC2H5
Ta
C. CH3OCO-CH2-CH2-COOC2H5. D. C2H5OCO-COOCH3
s/

Cu 34: Hn hp E gm hai este n chc, l ng phn cu to v u cha vng benzen.

up

t chy hon ton m gam E cn va 8,064 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 14,08 gam CO2 v
2,88 gam H2O. un nng m gam E vi dung dch NaOH (d) th c ti a 2,80 gam NaOH
ro

phn ng, thu c dung dch T cha 6,62 gam hn hp ba mui. Khi lng mui ca axit
/g

cacboxylic trong T l:
om

A. 3,84 gam B. 2,72 gam C. 3,14 gam D. 3,90 gam

.c

Cu 35: Pht biu no sau y l ng?

ok

A. Glucoz b kh bi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 .

B. Saccaroz lm mt mu nc brom
bo

C. Amilopectin c cu trc mch phn nhnh.

ce

D. Xenluloz c cu trc mch phn nhnh.

.fa

Cu 36: Cho s chuyn ho:

o
C3 H 6
ddBr2
X Y Z
O2 , xt
T
CH 3OH , To , xt
E
w

NaOH CuO , t
w

(este a chc) (este a chc)

w

Tn gi ca Y l:
A. propan-1,3-iol B. glixerol C. propan-1,2-iol D. propan-2-ol

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Cu 37: Hn hp X gm 3 este n chc, to thnh t cng mt ancol Y vi 3 axit

cacboxylic (phn t ch c nhm -COOH); trong , c hai axit no l ng ng k tip nhau
v mt axit khng no (c ng phn hnh hc, cha mt lin kt i C=C trong phn t).
Thy phn hon ton 5,88 gam X bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp mui v m gam

01
ancol Y. Cho m gam Y vo bnh ng Na d, sau phn ng thu c 896 ml kh (ktc) v
khi lng bnh tng 2,48 gam. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton 5,88 gam X th thu c

oc
CO2 v 3,96 gam H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca este khng no trong X l:

H
A. . 38,76%. B. 40,82%. C. 34,01%. D. 29,25%.

ai
Cu 38: Dy gm cc dung dch u tham gia phn ng trng bc l:

D
A. Glucoz, mantoz, axit fomic, anehit axetic.

hi
B. Glucoz, glixerol, mantoz, axit fomic

nT
C. Glucoz, fructoz, mantoz, saccaroz

uO
D. Fructoz, mantoz, glixerol, anehit axetic.

ie
Cu 39: Cht X c cng thc phn t C H O , l este ca axit axetic. Cng thc cu to thu
gn ca X l
iL
Ta
A. HCOOC2H5 B. CH3COOCH3 C. HO-C2H4-CHO D. C2H5COOH
Cu 40: Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz, mantoz u c kh nng tham gia phn ng
s/

A. . thy phn B. trng gng C. trng ngng D. ho tan Cu(OH)2

up

p n
ro

1-C 6-D 11-B 16-A 21-D 26-D 31-B 36-A 41- 46-
/g

2-C 7-A 12-D 17-D 22-C 27-B 32-D 37-C 42- 47-
3-A 8-C 13-D 18-B 23-C 28-C 33-B 38-A 43- 48-
om

4-D 9-A 14-B 19-B 24-B 29-B 34-C 39-B 44- 49-
5-A 10-D 15-C 20-D 25-A 30-A 35-C 40-A 45- 50-
.c
ok

HNG DN GII
Cu 1: Chn C
bo

Phn tch: Nhn vo bi ta thy xenluloz, tinh bt, glucoz v saccaroz u l cacbohidrat
ce

nn ta gi cng thc chung ca chng l Cn(H2O)m.

.fa

Khi t chy ta c: Cn(H2O)m + nO2 nCO2 + mH2O

Ta c: nCO2 = nO2 = 2,52 22, 4 = 0,1125 mol
w
w

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c

w

m + mO2 = mCO2 + mH 2O m = 0,1125.44 + 1,8 - 0,1125.32 = 3,15 g

Cu 2: Chn C
Gi cng thc ca X l CnH2n+22kO2 (k < 2)

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3n - 1 - k
Cn H 2 n + 2 -2 k O2 + O2 nCO2 + ( n + 1 - k ) H 2O
2
nO2 1+ k 1+ k
= 1,5 - = 7/ 6 = 1/ 3
nCO2 2n 2n

01
Trong X c nhm COOH c 1 lin kt ri nn ta ch thay
k=1 hoc 2

oc
k=1 suy ra n=3 ( nhn )

H
k=2 suy ra n=4,5 (loi)

ai
Do CTPT l C3H6O2 , CT este duy nht l CH3COOCH3

D
CH3COOCH3 + KOH CH3COOK + CH3OH

hi
Gi s mol KOH phn ng l x mol

nT
nCH 3COOK = nCH 3OH = nKOH p = x mol

uO
nKOH = 0,14, nKOH d = 0,14 x

ie
mc cn = (0,14 x). 56 + 98x = 12,88 x = 0,12. iL
Vy khi lng este l: 0,12.74=8,88g
Ta
Cu 3: Chn A
s/

H = 75%
Saccaroz Glucoz + Fructoz
up

0,02 0,02.75% 0,02.75%

ro

H = 75%
Mantoz 2Glucoz
0,01 0,01.2.75%
/g

Vy sau phn ng thy phn dung dch X gm: Glucoz: 0,03; Fructoz: 0,015; Saccaroz:
om

0,005; nmantoz: 0,0025

.c

Khi X tham gia phn ng trng bc ch c Glucoz, Fructoz v Mantoz phn ng to 2Ag
ok

Vy s mol Ag l: 0, 03.2 + 0, 015.2 + 0, 0025.2 = 0, 095 mol

bo

Cu 4: Chn D
Gi cng thc chung ca cht bo l (RCOO)3C3H5
ce

(RCOO)3C3H5+3NaOH3RCOONa+C3H5 (OH)3
.fa

0,02 0,06 0,06 0,02

w

1
nC3 H5 ( OH )3 = nNaOH = 0, 02 mol.
w

3
w

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:

mEste + mNaOH = mx phng + mC3 H 5 ( OH ) mx phng = 17, 24 + 0, 06.40 - 0, 02.92 = 17,8 g
3

Cu 5: Chn A

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Phn tch : Ta nhn thy ngay mch C17H33 c cha 1 lin kt pi , mch C 15H31 l mch C no v
mch C17H29 cha 3 lin kt pi . M H2 ch cng vo mch C cha no ca cht bo nn s mol H 2
cn hidroha 1 mol cht bo l 4mol
Cu 6: Chn D nCH 3COONa = nCH 3COOC2 H5 = 8,8 / 88 = 0,1 mCH 3COONa = 0,1.82 = 8, 2 g

01
Cu 7: Chn A

oc
Gi s mol axit, 2 ancol v este 2 chc l a,b,c mol.
nNaOH b = 0,1 mol. nNaOH d = nHCl = 0, 02 nNaOH p = 0, 08 = 2a + 2c (1)

H
ai
Cu 8: Chn C

D
(C17H33COO)3C3H5+3H2(C17H35COO)3C3H5 (X)

hi
(C17H35COO)3C3H5+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+C3H5 (OH)3 (Y)

nT
C17H35COONa+HClC17H35COOH(Z) + NaCl

uO
T ta c th suy ra Z l axit stearic.
Cu 9: Chn A

ie
Phn tch: X l este no, n chc c t khi i vi CH4 l 5,5 nn MX = 88.
iL
Gi cng thc ca este X l RCOOR1 .
Ta

Ta c: R +44 + R1 = 88 R +R1 = 44
s/

Nu em un 2,2 gam este X vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 2,05g mui.

up

2, 2 2, 05
= nX = = 0, 025 mol = = 82
88 0, 025
ro

nmui Mmui
R + 44 + 23 = 82 R = 15 R1 = 29.
/g
om

Vy cng thc cu to thu gn ca X: CH3COOC2H5

Cu 10: Chn B
.c

Phn tch: Este 2 chc mch h C6H8O4(k = 3) nn X l este khng no, hai chc .
ok

TH1: X to bi 2 ancol n chc v 1 axit 2 chc

bo

Ta c th phn tch ngc bi ton t di ln, t Y ta c: Y l ancol khi un nng Y vi H 2SO4

c 1700C khng to ra anken nn Y c cng thc l CH3OH loi p n C
ce

Vy ancol khng no th 2 l: CH2 = CH CH2 OH

.fa

Vy axit no hai chc phi l (COOH)2 khng lm mt mu dung dch Brom. chn p n B
w

Vy CT ca X l CH2 = CH CH2 OOC COOCH3

w

TH2: X to bi 1 ancol 2 chc v 2 axit n chc

w

Nu X to bi ancol hai chc (Y) v hai axit n chc.

+ Y khng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng n 3.

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Nu n =3, cng thc phn t C 3H6(OH)2 (ancol no, hai chc), hai axit HCOOH v CH 3COOH
(axit no, n chc). Khng ph hp v este c phn ng trng gng v tha 2 nguyn t H.
Nu n = 4, Cng thc phn t C 4H6(OH)2 (ancol khng no, hai chc), axit HCOOH (axit no, n
chc). Khng ph hp v este c phn ng trng gng

01
Cu 11: Chn B
Phn tch: Este X c cng thc phn t C2H4O2 nn X ch c cng thc l CH3 .

oc
Khi un nng 9g X trong dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ta c

H
PTHH HCOOCH3 + NaOH HCOONa +CH3OH

ai
9

D
nHCOONa = nX = = 0,15 m = 0,15.68 = 10, 2 g
60

hi
Cu 12: Chn D

nT
Phn tch: Trc ht cc em phi bit c rng trong cng nghip sn xut rut phch th sn

uO
phm sinh ra phi c Ag nn ta loi c p n C. i vi p n A,B vi phn ng sn xut
trong cng nghip ta cn 1 lng rt ln cht tham gia nhng m axit fomic v anehit fomic rt

ie
kh iu ch 1 lng ln v n cn rt c hi nn Glucoz l la chn ng. Ta chn p n
iL
D.
Ta

Cu 13: Chn D
s/

Phn tch: Hn hp hai cht hu c khi tc dng vi NaOH thu c hai mui ca hai axit n
up

chc v ch thu c 1 ru vy hai cht phi l este v hai este ca cng 1 ru. (1)
ro

ng. Hoc l 1 trong hai cht 1 este v 1 axit c gc axit khc nhau (3) ng.
/g

Vy p n l (1) v (3).
om

Cu 14: Chn B
A. Dung dch Mantoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 khi un nng cho kt ta Cu2O . ng
.c

B. Sai V Thy phn (xc tc H +,t0) Saccaroz thy phn ra Glucoz v Fructoz cn Mantoz
ok

khi thy phn ch cho ra 1 monosaccarit l Glucoz.

bo

C. Dung dch fructoz ha tan c Cu(OH)2. ng

D. Sn phm thy phn xenluloz (xc tc H+,t0) c th tham gia phn ng trng gng. ng
ce

Cu 15: Chn C
.fa

Phn tch: Cng thc phn t C5H10O2 , phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng phn
w

ng trng bc th cht X phi l axit hoc l este nhng este y khng cha gc HCOO-.
w

Vy cc CTCT cn tm l: CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH, CH3CH(CH3 )CH2COOH,

w

CH3CH2CH(CH3 )COOH, CH3C(CH3 )2COOH CH3CH2CH2COOCH3 , CH3CH2COOCH2CH3 ,

CH3CH(CH3 )COOCH3 , CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 , CH3COOCH(CH3)CH3
Vy c tt c l 9 CT

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Cu 16: Chn A
Gi cng thc ca X l (RCOO)2C2H4 .
Phn tch: Trong phn t este, s nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1. Vy nn
trong phn t este c 5C. M nhn vo CT ca X ta thy 4C nn CT ca X l

01
HCOOC2H4OOCCH3 .
1 1 10

oc
V este ny l 2 chc nn: neste = nNaOH = . = 0,125
2 2 40

H
Vy khi lng m l: m = 0,125.132 = 16,5g

ai
Cu 17: Chn D

D
CH3COO-C6H4 -COOH+3KOHCH3COOK+KOC6H4 -COOH+2H2O

hi
43, 2

nT
naxit axetylsalixylic = = 0, 24 nKOH = 3.0, 24 = 0,72 mol V = 0,72 lt
180

uO
Cu 18: Chn B
Phn tch: Cng thc C2H4O2 ng vi cc cng thc este no v axit no, n chc, mch h,

ie
hoc l tp chc iL
Vy CTCT ca X l HCOOCH3 , CH3COOH,OH-CH2 -CHO
Ta

Vy c tt c 3 cng thc.
s/

Cu 19: Chn B
up

Phn tch: Gi cng thc ca este no, n chc l CnH2nO2 .

ro

3n - 2
Phn ng t chy: CnH 2 nO2 + O2 nCO2 + nH 2O
2
/g

3n - 2
om

V sau phn ng: nCO2 = nO2 = n n = 2

2
Vy CTCT este ch c: HCOOCH3 (metyl fomiat)
.c

Cu 20: Chn D
ok

Cht khng phn ng thy phn trong mi trng axit l Glucoz.

bo

Ch : i vi cacbohirat th ch c Glucoz v Fructoz l khng thy phn c trong mi

ce

trng axit.
.fa

Cu 21: Chn D
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
w

Cu 22: Chn C
w

Phn tch: Trong qu trnh quang hp cy xanh to ra cht X, X to vi dung dch iot hp cht
w

c mu xanh tm. Polime X l tinh bt

6nCO2 + 5nH 2O
as
( C6 H10O5 )n + 6nO2

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Cu 23: Chn C
Phn tch: trc ht chng ta phi bit c CT ca triolein l (C17H33COO)3C3H5 .
N c y tnh cht ca 1 este khng no, a chc.
A. ng v este c phn ng thy phn.

01
B. ng v este khng no c phn ng vi H2, xc tc Ni.
C. Sai v este khng c kh nng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng.

oc
D. ng v este c tc dng vi NaOH

H
Cu 24: Chn B

ai
Phn tch: Thy phn este no, n chc thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v Y.

D
T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y nn X phi l ru v Y l axit.

hi
Vy ta c th loi c p n A v D

nT
Nu X l ru metylic th th este c CTCT l C2H5COOCH3 .

uO
Ta nhn thy t CH3OH khng th iu ch trc tip ra C2H5COOH nn loi p n C

ie
Nu X l ru etylic th este c CTCT l CH3COOC2H5 .
iL
Ta nhn thy t C2H5OH c th iu ch c trc tip ra CH3COOH nn chn p n B
Ta
C2 H 5OH + O2 men
giam
CH 3COOH + H 2O
s/

Cu 25: Chn A
up

Phn tch: Khi thy phn este c cng thc phn t l C 4H6O2 nn trong mch Cacbon c 1 lin
kt . Khi thy phn trong mi trng axit thu c axetanehit c cng thc l CH 3CHO nn
ro

cng thc ca este l CH3COO CH = CH2

/g

Cu 26: Chn D
om

A. ng v CH3CH2COOCH=CH2+NaOHCH3CH2COONa+CH3CHO+H2O
B. ng
.c

C. ng v y l este khng no nn c th tc dng c vi dung dch Brom.

ok

D. Sai v CH3CH2COOCH = CH2 c ni i gc ru cn CH2 = CHCOOCH3 c ni i gc

bo

axit nn chng khng th l ng ng ca nhau.

ce

Cu 27: Chn B
Phn tch: Gi cng thc Trieste ca glixerol v axit n chc, mch h l C nH2n42kO6 (k l s
.fa

lin kt trong gc axit). Gi s mol ca X l x mol.

w

CnH2n42kO6 nCO2 + (n 2 k)H2O

w

Ta c: nCO2 - nH 2O = 4nX nx - x ( n - 2 - k ) = 4 x k = 2
w

Vy cng thc ca X l CnH2n8O6 .

CnH2n8O6 + 2H2 CnH2n4O6

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x 2x
6, 72
nH 2 = = 0,3 = 2 x x = 0,15
22, 4

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c: mX + mH 2 = mY mX = 39 - 0,3.2 = 38, 4 g

01
X + 3NaOHmui +C3H5 (OH)3

oc
0,15 0,7
Vy sau phn ng NaOH d

H
Ta c : nC3 H5 (OH )3 = nX = 0,15 mol

ai
D
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c

hi
mCR = mX + mNaOH - mC3 H5 (OH ) = 38, 4 + 0,7.40 - 0,15.92 = 52, 6

nT
3

Cu 28: Chn C

uO
Phn tch: Thy phn X trong mi trng axit thu c cht Y v Z. t chy hon ton X to
thnh s mol CO2 bng s mol nc nn X phi l este no, n chc, mch h. Khi X l este no,

ie
n chc, mch h thy phn ra cht Y tham gia c phn ng trng gng nn Y l HCOOH.
iL
Vy CT este l HCOOCnH2n+1
Ta

Vy cht Z l CnH2n+1OH, trong Z c s nguyn t C bng mt na s nguyn t C trong X nn

s/
up

n + 1
ta c: n = n = 1
2
ro

Vy CT este l HCOOCH3.
/g

A. ng v Y l HCOOH tan v hn trong nc.

om

B. ng v 1 mol C2H4O2 khi t chy sinh ra 2 mol CO2 v 2 mol nc.

C. Sai v Z l CH 3OH khi un vi dung dch H2SO4 c 1700C th thu c xeton ch khng
.c

phi l anken.
ok

D. ng v X l este no, n chc.

bo

Cu 29: Chn B
ce

Phn tch : Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi dung dch
KOH thu c mt mui v mt ancol nn X c th gm :
.fa

RCOOR R OH RCOOH
(R ' H )
w

hoc hoc
RCOOH RCOOR ' R ' OH
w

Ta c : nKOH = 0,04mol > nancol = 0,015mol

w

n y, nhn vo 4 p n ta thy X phi l RCOOR v RCOOH

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nRCOOR = nancol = 0, 015 v nRCOOH = 0, 04 - 0, 015 = 0, 025mol

01
t cng thc ca hai cht trong X l CnH2nO2 v CmH2mO2 (n<m)

oc
H
nCn H 2 nO2 = 0, 025mol ; nCm H 2 mO2 = 0, 015mol nH 2O = nCO2 = 0, 025n + 0, 015m C

ai
D
hi
mbnh tng = mCO2 + mH 2O = (0, 025n + 0,015m).(44 + 18) = 6,82 22 = 5n + 3m n = 2 v m = 4

nT
Vy X gm CH3COOH v CH3COOC2H5 .

uO
Ch : Khi cho hn hp CO2 v H2O vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 th khi lng bnh
tng chnh l khi lng CO2 v H2O thm vo. Cn khi lng dung dch thay i l do khi

ie
lng kt ta CaCO3 tr i tng khi lng CO2 v H2O thm vo.
iL
Cu 30: Chn A
Ta

Phn tch: Khi ngng t sn phm chy thy th tch gim 30ml , vy th tch gim chnh l th
s/

tch ca nc.
up

VH 2O = 30ml VCO2 = 40ml

ro

10 ml este X + 45ml O240 ml CO2+ 30ml H2O

/g

p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t ta c:

om

VO = 2.40 + 30 - 45.2 = 20 ml

Gi CT este l CxHyOz
.c

Ta c: x = 40 :10 = 4; y = (30.2) :10 = 6; z = 20 :10 = 2

ok

Vy CTPT ca X l C4H6O2
bo

Cu 31: Chn B
ce

Phn tch: Nhn vo p n ta thy khi thy phn C3H4O2 trong NaOH thu c X,Y m Y trong
.fa

p n khng c nc, vy X y ch c th l este.

V C3H4O2 c 1 lin kt trong mch Cacbon, m p n Y ch l mui hoc anehit vy este
w

phi c dng HCOOCH = CH2

w
w

HCOOCH = CH2 + NaOH HCOONa + CH3CHO + H2O

V X tc dng c vi H2SO4 nn X l HCOONa.
2HCOONa + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2HCOOH (Z)

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Vy Y, Z ln lt l CH3CHO,HCOOH
Cu 32: Chn D
Poli(metyl metacrylat ) c to thnh t monome tng ng l CH2 = C(CH3 ) COOCH3
Cu 33: Chn B

01
Phn tch: X c cng thc l C6H10O4 khi thy phn to ra 2 ancol n chc nn X l este c 2
chc ancol Vy X c dng ROOC-R 1-COOR2. S Cacbon trong R, R 1, R2 l 4. to ra hai

oc
ancol trong s Cacbon trong 2 ancol gp i nhau vy 2 ancol l H3OH v C2H5OH . Vy

H
CT ca X l: CH3OOC CH2 COOC2H5

ai
Cu 34: Chn C

D
14, 08 8,064 2,88

hi
nCO2 = = 0,32; nO2 = = 0,36; nH 2O = = 0,16
44 22, 4 18

nT
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c:

uO
mE + mO2 = mCO2 + mH 2O mE = 5, 44 g

ie
Cu 35: Chn C
iL
A. Sai v Glucoz b oxi ha bi dung dch AgNO3/NH3
Ta
B. Sai v Saccaroz khng lm mt mu dung dch Brom. Ch c Glucoz v Mantoz mi lm
mt mu dung dch Brom.
s/
up

C. ng
D. Sai v Xenluloz c cu trc mch thng.
ro

Cu 36: Chn A
/g

PTHH: C3H6 + Br2 C3H6Br2 (X)

om

C3H6Br2 +2NaOH C3H6 (OH)2 (Y) + 2NaBr

to
.c

C3H6 (OH)2 + CuO CH2 (CHO)2 (Z) + Cu+ H2O

ok

xt
CH2 (CHO)2 + O2 CH2 (COOH)2 (T)
bo

xt,to
CH2 (COOH)2+2CH3OH CH2 (COOCH3 )2+2H2O (E)
ce

T y ta c th suy ra c C3H6 y l xicloankan nn khi cng Brom th ch cng m vng

.fa

C1 v C3 nn Y l propan-1,3-iol
w

Cu 37: Chn C
w

Phn tch: i vi cc dng bi ton ny, ta c cch tnh t di tnh ln. Ta s xut pht t
w

ancol Y. V cc este u n chc nn khi thy phn ta cng thu c ancol Y n chc.

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0,896
Xt ancol Y c dng R OH, nH 2 = = 0, 04
22, 4
1
R OH + Na R ONa + H2
2
0,08 0,08 0,08 0,04

01
Ta c khi lng bnh tng = mY - mH 2 = 2, 48 mY = 2, 48 + 0, 04.2 = 2,56 g

oc
2,56
MY = = 32 Y : CH 3OH

H
0, 08

ai
neste = nY = 0, 08 nO( X ) = 0,16 mO = 2,56

D
hi
3,96
nH 2O = = 0, 22

nT
18
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng trong X ta c:

uO
2,88
mC = mX - mO - mH = 5,88 - 2,56 - 0, 22.2 = 2,88 g nCO2 = nC = = 0, 24 mol
12

ie
Ta c khi t chy este no, n chc th s mol CO2 bng s mol nc, khi t chy este khng
iL
no c 1 lin kt C=C th
Ta

neste khng no = nCO2 - nH 2O = 0, 24 - 0, 22 = 0, 02 neste no = 0, 08 - 0, 02 = 0, 06

s/

nCO2
up

0, 24
C = = = 3
nX 0, 08
ro

2 este no l HCOOCH3 (a mol) v CH3COOCH3 (b mol),

/g

cn este khng no l CnH2n2O2 0,02 mol

om

p dng nh lut bo ton C ta c:

2a + 3b + 0, 02n = 0, 24 v a + b = 0, 06 b + 0, 02n = 0,12 n < 6
.c
ok

axit khng no c ng phn hnh hc th s C trong axit khng no t nht phi bng 4.
Vy trong este ca axit vi CH3OH s C t nht l 5 vy n=5
bo

Vi n = 5 b = 0,02, a = 0, 04 mHCOOCH3 + mCH3COOCH 3 = 3,88 g

ce

meste khng no = 5,88 - 3,88 = 2 g %meste khng no = 2 5,88 . 100% = 34, 01%
.fa

Cu 38: Chn A
w

Phn tch: Cc cht tham gia phn ng trng bc l sau phn ng sn phm sinh ra c Ag.
w

A. ng
w

B. Sai v Glixerol khng tham gia phn ng trng bc.

C. Sai v Saccaroz khng tham gia phn ng trng bc.
D. Sai v Glixerol khng tham gia phn ng trng bc.

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Cu 39: Chn B
Cht X c cng thc phn t l C3H6O2 l este ca axit axetic nn c dng CH3COOCH3 .
Cu 40: Chn A
Tinh bt, xenluloz, saccaroz v mantoz u c phn ng thy phn.

01
B. Sai v tinh bt v saccaroz khng tham gia phn ng trng gng.
C. Sai

oc
D. Sai v tinh bt khng ha tan Cu(OH)2

H
ai
D
hi
nT
uO
ie
iL
Ta
s/
up
ro
/g
om
.c
ok
bo
ce
.fa
w
w
w

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