Construction Solutions in Structural Steel I S S U E E I G HT MAY 2007

NEW ADVERTISER
& SUNDAY MAIL
BUILDING:
High profile
headquarters

DRIVEN
BY STEEL:
SX1 Southern Cross
Development

STEEL FRAME
CONSTRUCTION:
Melbourne office tower
 c o ntents
solutions
WELCOME TO 3 IN THE NEWS
ONESTEEL SOLUTIONS. COMPOSITE ANALYSIS
In the last issue of OneSteel Solutions we highlighted the increase SOFTWARE
in market share of steel-framed buildings in the multistorey Release of Latest Suite
buildings market. At the time of publishing, many of those
buildings that contributed to the increasing share count were ConnectED 2007
still in the construction stage. In this issue of OneSteel solutions OneSteel proud sponsors of
we take a closer look at some of these buildings which are now UNSW ConnectED
complete, including several of the more high-profile buildings that
are being added to the Australian skyline. MARKET ASSISTANCE
Two high-rise buildings, namely the Southern Cross Building and OneSteel COMMUNIQU
the Urban Workshop from Melbourne, are featured in the pages to NEWSLETTER
follow. The medium-rise buildings, specifically Latitude East, The Launch of monthly e-newsletter
Advertiser and Sunday Mail Building, and Flinders Link, illustrate
that steel framing is suitable for a range of heights, occupancies 4 Structural Steels role
and styles of buildings. In Sustainable Developments
When the projects were being researched for this publication, 5 CASE STUDY:
it was noticeable that the design teams all mentioned the THE NEW ADVERTISER &
sustainability aspects of their particular project. OneSteel,
SUNDAY MAIL BUILDING
and indeed the steel industry, has over a number of years now,
The new high-profile
looked at the role that steel can play in sustainable developments.
headquarters for Adelaide
In this edition of OneSteel Solutions we take a look at this issue
and will continue to explore the possibilities in more detail in the 9 CASE STUDY:
near future.
LATITUDE EAST @
Please enjoy this issue of OneSteel Solutions. WORLD SQUARE
Experience & steel industry know-
how deliver a win-win result
13 CASE STUDY:
STEEL FRAME CONSTRUCTION
DELIVERS
New standards for Melbourne
office tower
17 CASE STUDY:
DRIVEN BY STEEL
SX1 Southern Cross
development
21 CASE STUDY:
BIG DEVELOPERS COMBINE
IN STEEL TO CONNECT
FLINDERS LINK
Three developers combine to
create Flinders Link in Adelaide
24 CONTACTS

OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page


Composite
Analysis
Software
OneSteel has recently completed
the latest upgrade to its suite of
Composite Analysis Software. The
new suite consists of:
CompSelector V1.0;
CompLoader V1.0;
COMPBEAM V2.1;
CompPanel V1.2 (upgraded) and
CompPen V1.0 (New)
Version 1.2 of CompPanel now has a
save function following feedback from
designers that they would like to have
the files stored electronically as well
as on paper. CompPen, which allows
web penetrations in composite beams
to be analysed, is a new edition to the
suite. CompPen will enable designers
to either check a web penetration
for structural adequacy or allow the
software to determine the largest
penetration allowable in a given position
along the composite beam.
Development is currently underway to
write a module that will assist in the
design of shear reinforcement.
To get the latest copy of the software, fill
out and return the coupon attached to
this issue of OneSteel Solutions or call
OneSteel Direct on 1800 1 STEEL.
OneSteel Communiqu Newsletter
OneSteel has just launched a new email newsletter. OneSteel Communiqu is designed to provide practical know-how,
showcase architectural and construction case studies and deliver the most up-to-the-minute news on steel initiatives.
OneSteel Communiqu is a not-to-be-missed monthly e-newsletter. If youre not already on the distribution list, you can
make sure you are for future editions by calling or emailing OneSteel Direct 1800 1 STEEL or onesteeldirect@onesteel.com
To see a copy of the first issue of OneSteel Communiqu, log onto www.onesteel.com
in the news
ConnectED 2007
OneSteel is a proud sponsor of the University of New South Wales
(UNSW) ConnectED Structure.
This structure will be the combined creation of students from three Faculties of UNSW The College of
Fine Arts, Engineering and Built Environment. The structure will be the icon for the ConnectED Conference
and have a prominent position on the Kensington campus through the duration of the conference.
Creative and innovative design has a key role to play in the quest for designing environmentally
sustainable buildings. OneSteel sees as one of its corporate responsibilities to promote sustainable
developments to the designers of the future. As a material sponsor of the ConnectED Structure,
OneSteel were given the opportunity to present to the students of the three faculties. OneSteel took
this opportunity to promote ideas on design for sustainability. Students were encouraged to explore
the possibilities of designs using steel sections which are deconstructed from other structures. The
students were also challenged to consider designing a structure that could be easily deconstructed and
relocated, or so that the steel could be recycled without the need for remelting.
The students submissions can be viewed on the ConnectED website:
http://au.omnium.net.au/projectx/mod/galleries/gallery.php?gix_id=18
Market Assistance
OneSteel has, since its origin, provided that the earlier they are involved in a
technical and market support to project the better they are able to assist.
designers, builders and developers. Their contact details are listed below.
This support includes the provision David Bell (02) 9792 9075
of design tools and publications, 0407 357 120
design advice for construction and Spiros Dallas (03) 8312 2633
fire engineering, a complementary 0419 587 951
composite steel design service, advice
Gary Oldfield, who has performed
on products and facilitating expert
this role in Victoria for 36 years, has
advice. David Bell looks after the
retired from OneSteel. While Gary was
North/East Region covering NSW, ACT
at OneSteel he was also very active in
and QLD, while Spiros Dallas looks
serving on numerous industry bodies
after the South/West Region covering
including Engineers Australia and ASI.
VIC, TAS, SA, WA and NT.
Nick van der Kreek, who previously
Both David and Spiros welcome any serviced the Queensland market, has
enquiries you may have on your next taken the role as OneSteel Technical
building project. It is their strong belief Development Manager.
OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page
 Structural Steels Role in
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTS
It is generally accepted that the definition of Sustainable
Development (SD) is: Development that meets the
needs of the present without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own needs
The underlying principle behind this
definition of SD is that there needs to be
an integration of economic, environmental
and social considerations, whilst seeking
the optimal outcomes. These key factors
should not be examined in isolation but component reuse or material recycle.
in totality and a long-term view rather than
a short-term view should be taken If we look back at the definition of SD, we
in making decisions.
Even though the tools for making better
SD decisions is a developing area, there
is a strong and growing drive by the
community to readily adopt all that is
believed to be SD, and not necessarily with
much understanding of whether tools or
decisions are scientifically well grounded.
The increased level of embracement of SD
principles and tools is particularly driven by
the broader communitys realisation that
human interaction with the environment
is impacting on climate change and water
resources. Currently the most popular tools
used to measure or compare the level of
sustainability between developments are in
the form of a checklist or scorecard. As a
developing science, it is important that these
tools are simple and easily adjustable to
cater for the ever-increasing improvements
in the science that will affect arbitrary
Grandstand at WIN Stadium
weighting factors, credit points, and
relocated from the Aquatic Centre.
aspects to be rated in those tools. They
Better informed
design is the key.
OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page
should be relevant in the decision making
for building design and operation for the
entire life cycle of the building including
design, materials production, construction,
operation, maintenance, demolition,
realise that the integration of environmental,
economic and social policies is a complex
task which is difficult to package and
calibrate using just a simple scorecard. Furthermore good design at inception will
To be effective it requires all the
stakeholders to examine the consequences
of the scorecard and offer research and
opinions to improve the calibration of these
scorecards. OneSteel is committed to the
environment and therefore has allocated
resources into this area to provide feedback
to the organisations responsible for
administering these scorecards.
The Green Buildings Council Australias
Green Star system is one such a rating
tool for which OneSteel has provided
submissions to identify areas or issues.
Steel is the most recycled material in the
world by weight. This is presumably the
reason why it is one of the first things
that comes to mind when considering
SD. However, this is not the key, better
informed design is the key. In its
submissions OneSteel has also reflected
on the hierarchy of factors that will
improve the environmental performance
of buildings which contain structural steel.
The hierarchy is based on the simple fact
that the order of importance in SD is (1)
Reduce; (2) Reuse; and finally (3) Recycle.
OneSteel and its predecessors have devoted
significant resources to improving the
material strengths of their steel products.
While this was predominantly to be the able
to offer a premium product in the market
place, from an SD perspective, it has also
effectively reduced the amount of steel that
would otherwise be consumed. The support
OneSteel has offered to the development
of Australian Design Standards and the
design guides that OneSteel publishes
promoting more economical designs are
also now effectively facilitating design of
SD by reducing the amount of steel that
would have been used.
Steel-framed buildings are chosen by
many developers because of the inherent
ease with which they can be modified
or adapted. These buildings are easily
extended either vertically or laterally,
unbolted and re-bolted, strengthened and
reshaped because of the nature of the
connection of one piece of steel to another.
allow the steel elements of the structure
to be unbolted and reused elsewhere.
The grandstand seating for the Olympics
at the Sydney Aquatic Centre, which has
been disassembled and relocated to WIN
Stadium, is one such high-profile example.
Refurbishing steel members by re-rolling
to straighten, cutting and drilling, etc
for new application is also an option to
consider before recycling. Component
reuse will save more energy and reduce
greenhouse effects, compared to the
next option of remelting into new steel.
However, when all the reduce and reuse
options are exhausted the steel can be
recycled as is already the case with
around 95% of structural steel that is
used for construction in Australia.
The Green Buildings Council Australia
has recently launched a Shopping Centre
Design Pilot, which includes a new section
in the Materials category that allocates
points to Reused Products and Materials
and Disassembly and Adaptability.
This is a very pleasing development
and indicates that the submissions by
OneSteel and others are now being
considered.
For more information on
sustainable developments
contact OneSteel direct on
1800 1 78335 (1800 1 STEEL)
 300PLUS Ernst & Young Centre

The new Advertiser

& Sunday Mail Building
The new high-profile headquarters of the
Advertiser and Sunday Mail newspapers follows faade wall, while inside the building
an Adelaide trend to build in steel. The project, an atrium runs north to south, linked by Full height atrium
naturally lit from above.
bridges at each level from the lifts to the
which won Best Commercial Building at last working floors. An open stairwell runs up
years RAIA (South Australian Chapter) Awards through the atrium creating an ambience
was built with 1200 tonnes of structural steel at of light and space.

a cost of $50 million.
The five-storey building, at 31
Waymouth Street, is a steel-framed
office construction using composite steel
beams with a basement level and two-
storey plant mezzanine above the roof.
The building fits comfortably into the
podium scale of the street and has
been designed to enhance the quality
of the pedestrian environment and
provide a visually exciting faade on
Waymouth Street.
Designed by E.G.O Fender Katsalidis,
a joint venture between E.G.O, the
Sydney commercial interior design firm
and architects Fender Katsalidis, the
impressive architecture presents a glass
The atrium, which runs the full height
of the building, is a soaring space,
naturally lit from above. This space
allows immediate understanding of
the workings of the building whilst
providing natural light to the deep plan
office floors. It also provides incidental
staff meeting places via bridges which
connect each office floor to the lift core
and toilets, creating an environment for
social and information exchange.

OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page

 300PLUS Advertiser & Sunday Mail Building
The building was on a tight design and
construction schedule with financial
penalties for the client if not occupied
on time. Because of the medium-rise
character of the building, structural
engineers, Peter McBean and Loreto
Taglienti of Wallbridge & Gilbert, in
consultation with the architects, took
the decision to use steel as the primary
framing material to enable fast erection
of the primary elements of the building.
That approach meant that the fire-rating
of the structure was taken off the critical
path. Steel also provided the flexibly
for the architecture, allowing for large
edge cantilevers an important part in
realising the lightness of structure at the
faade. While some of the steelwork was
repetitive, other sections were unique.
The typical 8.1 metre X 8.1 metre
grid comprises OneSteel 300PLUS
460UB67 primary and 410UB54
The glass faade on Waymouth Street.
OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page
secondary beams acting compositely
with the steel-profile decking. Because
of the large floor plate size the floor-
to-ceiling heights of 3 metres are
significantly higher than is typical
for office buildings. This avoids the
horizontal squeezing of the internal view
cone that would otherwise occur.
The north and south perimeters have
been designed to be column free. The
3.5-metre cantilevered floors to the
south and in particular to the north also
influenced the selection of structural
steel framing.
On level two (the editorial floor) the
client required a larger floor plate so the
southern building edge at this level was
designed to cantilever 3.6 metres out
from the building face. This solution was
made possible by large steel cantilever
beams, which in turn become part of the
visual expression of the building.
The north faade in particular required
an elegant and minimalist structural
solution which could only be achieved
through the use of steel. Deflection
control of the cantilevered floors was
very tight in order to service the faade
weather seal. Consequently, Wallbridge &
Gilbert considered steel the appropriate
solution because of the greater
deflection predictability, compared
to a concrete structure.
The north faade in particular
required an elegant and minimalist
structural solution which could only
be achieved through the use of steel.
The glass faade has an inner skin
curtain wall with an extended glass wall
another metre away. This innovative
second glass skin across the
Waymouth Street frontage enlivens the
building and integrates the corporate
identity within an elegant, well
considered faade.
Environmentally it provides acoustic
and thermal protection and shading as
well as creating a distinctive urbane
and graphically communicative faade,
echoing the nature of the work within
and communicating graphically the
power of the use of words. It also
provides pedestrian shelter along
Waymouth Street and strategically
locates the main public and corporate
entrances to the building though a series
of transition spaces from the public
domain of the street and footpath into a
lobby, before passing the security point
into the building proper.
The choice of hollow section columns
was innovative as they provided an
efficient, cost-effective and time-saving
solution. Concrete-filled 400 x 400 x
10.0 Square Hollow Sections (SHS)
were used around the perimeter of the
building, saving up to 30% in steel mass
and fabrication costs.
Floor beam connections to the hollow
section columns took several forms.
Circular Hollow Sections (CHS) columns
with simply supported beams were
connected by a single line of bolts to a
web side plate welded to the column
face. Continuous cantilevered beams
utilised stub beams welded to the
column face with (top and bottom)
flanges welded to ring stiffeners around
the column perimeter. Bolted moment
end plate connections joined the stub
beam to the suspended cross beams.
Perimeter SHS columns were either
continuous with web side plate
connected beams or, when these beams
were cantilevered beyond the column
line, discontinuous at every floor with
cap and base plates connected to
continuous beams. The floors were tied
back to the two service cores, laterally
bracing the building.
Technology was critical to executing the
multifaceted design. The integration of
the 3D software enabled the exchange
 CLIENT
Advertiser Newspapers Pty
Limited
ARCHITECT
E.G.O Fender Katsalidis
PROJECT MANAGER
E.G.O Group
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
Wallbridge & Gilbert
BUILDING CONTRACTOR
Baulderstone Hornibrook
STEELWORK CONTRACTOR
Manuele Engineers
STEEL DETAILER
USDSA
This award-winning, high-profile STEEL DISTRIBUTOR

office building is a demonstration OneSteel Steel and Tube;

of steels design flexibility. Smorgon Steel Metals

Distribution

OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page

 300PLUS Advertiser & Sunday Mail Building

of shop drawings between the architect,
engineer and detailer. Steel detailer
USDSA created a 3D model as part of
the USDSA/Manuele Engineers Joint
Venture (drafting and manufacture in-
house) which allowed the steelwork to
be both drawn and fabricated quickly
offsite to meet the tight construction
timeframes. Steelwork also meant
a less congested site with a smaller
construction team and reduced risk.
This award-winning, high-profile
building, with approximately 15,500
square metres of office space over five
storeys, is a demonstration of steels
design flexibility, cost and time benefits
and offers an example of what steel can
deliver for multi-level developments. The
steel frame of the Advertiser building will
mean that changes for future use can
more easily be accommodated.
Fire engineering
Advances in fire engineering design
were key to the final framing systems
economy and competitiveness.
Sprinklers and concrete-filled hollow
section columns provide significant
efficiencies to enable concessions on fire
ratings to make the final framing system
economically competitive.
The fire engineering study allowed the
majority of beams to be bare steel and
the critical members to have a reduced
fire resistance level (FRL). The 120
minutes FRL required by the Building
Innovative glass faade with
an inner skin curtain wall.
Code of Australia (BCA) deemed to
satisfy requirements was reduced to heat infiltration.
60 minutes. This meant that only one
coat of intumescent paint was needed to
provide the required protection.
Fire engineering design was done to this factor and its orientation, the solar
Australian Standards and British guidelines. load on this faade is not great and
The gross floor area at each level is
approximately 3100 square metres.
An environmentally
sustainable building
Designed in an environmentally
responsible manner the building limits
emissions and other environmental
pollutants. Careful consideration has
been given to energy conservation,
materials and user health and comfort,
private and public realm and transport.
The building design is consistent with
Council Wide Principles 25 and 26.
The Waymouth Street north faade
has significant protection against solar
infiltration into the interior. Horizontal
sun-shading devices, located at each
floor level and at intermediate levels,
provide shading before the sun reaches
the glazing proper. Sun shades are
encapsulated within a ventilated double-
glass faade. The outer skin of glass
provides an initial means of converting
the solar radiation into heat before
reaching the main building faade. The
fine dot graphics, incorporated into the
faade, provide additional shading.
The western faade of the building
is masonry, built against an existing
building, and therefore not subject to
A much higher building (part of a
redevelopment proposed to the east)
is to be constructed, shading the east
faade of the site further. Because of
is dealt with through the choice of an
appropriately performing glazing system
and integrated solar screenings.
Stormwater runoff is collected and
recycled in the watering systems for
the courtyard and roof terrace and for
flushing systems within the building.
The building fabric is designed to reduce
the heating and cooling loads on the air
conditioning which has design initiatives
that minimise energy consumption over
traditional air conditioning systems.
Walls and the roof materials have been
selected from high thermal performance
materials to substantially reduce heat
transmission into space (and heat loss
from the space in winter).
More efficient lighting will reduce lighting
energy consumption by more than
50% based on typical office occupied
hours. Wiring to the lighting has been
configured to incorporate intelligent
lighting controls that automatically
switch off lights when an area is
unoccupied. Similar wiring based on
daylight controls lights close to the
perimeter of the building.
The carpark ventilation includes
CO2 monitoring to minimise energy
consumption from the carpark exhaust
and ventilation fans.

Steel The competitive advantage

On-time occupation for the client.
Steel facilitated greater flexibility in the architectural expression allowing large edge cantilevers,
to realise the desired lightness at the faade.
A steel frame enabled fast erection of the primary elements of the building for speedy enclosure.
The steel solution gave greater deflection predictability and control of the cantilevered floors.
Advances in fire engineering design were key to the final framing systems economy
and competitiveness.
The integration of the 3D software enabled the exchange of shop drawings between the architect,
engineer and detailer.
Offsite fabrication of the steelwork provided a less congested site with a smaller construction team
and reduced risk.

OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page

Latitude East @
World Square
E xperience and steel industry
know - how deliver a win - win result
The last construction on the World Square site is a
ten-storey A-Grade commercial office building known
as Latitude East. The new building sits on top of
an existing 12-storey concrete structure. The glass
faade structure with an enclosed atrium is being
built above the World Square Retail Complex.
When completed in November 2007 it will deliver
around 25,000 square metres of floor space, to
be occupied by the Australian Taxation Office.
An oversized pressed metal edge form was used at
the edges of the slabs, enabling pouring to a level.

OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page

 300PLUS Latitude East @ World Square

Designed by leading architects Crone

Partners and engineered by Taylor
Thomson Whitting (TTW) Latitude East
is being developed on the World Square
site by Multiplex and follows the three
high-rise towers and the Retail Complex
completed between September 2002
and May 2006. Construction on this
site has presented a number of design
challenges, not the least of which has
been the pre-existence of the multi-level
carpark, loading dock and parts of the
retail structure.

Multiplex had designed the World Square

Retail Complex, over which Latitude East
is built, to support a future residential
development above. When the feasibility
of a major government tenant (the ATO)
became a commercial reality, Multiplex
realised the layout of the proposed
building would have to alter and the
columns would have to be strengthened
substantially to support the change.

Weight, always an issue on the World

Square site because of load limitations
on the pre-existing multilevel carpark,
became even more critical on Latitude
East. Steel, as a material able to deliver
a 30% lighter building, was the ideal
structural solution. The lighter frame
greatly reduced the degree to which
the existing structure needed to be
strengthened.

Stephen Boss of Multiplex said that:

The strengthening work would have
meant time delays on the project
that couldnt be predicted because
of uncertain access to existing retail
tenancies. However, a structural steel
solution was around 30% lighter so
many less columns needed to be
strengthened, reducing the uncertain
time risks. The steel option allowed
Multiplex to improve our risk profile on
the project.

Apart from the increased time and cost

to strengthen the columns to carry a
heavier commercial structure the site
had other constraints including:

construction operating times

restricted to 7am-7pm weekdays
and Saturdays from 7am-5pm
limitation to traffic movements on
and off the site
workforce number limitations
of the site.

OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page10 Construction work shows the atrium with
balustrades to the lower floors in position.

Offsite fabrication of the steelwork to discuss the feasibility of the steel
and a cooperative approach from the
steel industry overcame these and genesis of a cooperative coordinated
other restrictions.
TTW carried out the engineering design,
including design of the floors to meet
structural requirements. Greg Kane,
TTWs Structural Engineer, said that:
There are 12 storeys below the new
structure. The first new level (level 13)
was built as a transfer deck. From level
14 the construction is composite steel
decking with a structural steel frame.
Of over 200 existing columns only 30
needed to be strengthened for structural
reasons, with a few more modified for
architectural motives, greatly reducing
the impact on the retail tenancies and
Erection was very fast. The
average deck was on a six-day
cycle. We started construction
in mid September and had
virtually finished the structure
by late December.
access to the carpark. Only eight new
columns were needed.
Chris Mathews, a former Multiplex
Construction Manager had worked on
the Latitude/Ernest & Young Tower and
the Retail Complex
with Harry Young
(Project Manager) and Stephen Boss of
Multiplex. Their combined experience
on both projects and Chris Mathews
association as a consultant to BlueScope
Lysaghts Design & Construction
business meant the team was able to
sit down and design out a lot of the
construction issues on the Latitude Brent Poll, Manager of BlueScope
East project.
Stephen Boss said that: Chris Mathews
bought to the evolving design table
OneSteel engineers and the BlueScope
Lysaght Design & Construction business
option. These meetings were the
working relationship between Multiplex
and the emergent BlueScope Lysaght
Design & Construction team which
resulted in a win-win outcome for all
and substantially reduced Multiplexs
risk profile on the project.
Multiplex contracted BlueScope
Lysaght Design & Construction Pty Ltd
to manage the steelwork packages,
including supply, fabrication and erection
of the steel frame and the installation of
the steel decking and shear studs.
Greg Kane said that: Erection was very
fast. The average deck was on a six-day
cycle. We started construction in mid
September and had virtually finished the
structure by late December.
Greg attributed the speed of erection
to pre-planning. Once into the
construction phase all went smoothly.
It went very well largely because of the
detailed pre-planning which went into
the steelwork. Weekly pre-planning
meetings were held between May and
August to design out any aspects which
might hold up the project.
Lysaght Design & Construction, said
that they put a huge effort into the
management of the job. We took a
holistic approach and integrated the
design management, the steelwork
detailing, fabrication, ancillary formwork,
300PLUS Latitude East @ World Square
site-work drilling, surveying, fitting
safety barriers and the installation of the
curtain wall brackets. We coordinated
the work of over 20 suppliers. This
approach gave Multiplex a completely
integrated delivery of the steelwork and
reduced the risks associated with the
steel option.
Brent Poll said that the 900 tonnes of
steel beams, plus the columns, decking
installation and the roof structure, was
erected over 11 weeks.
The composite beams were designed
with OneSteels latest CompPanel
software. Pre-cambers offset the beam
self weight and wet concrete deflection
to provide a horizontal beam soffit and
uniform slab thickness. This meant that
the slabs could be poured to a level
with a uniform thickness resulting in
minimal concrete wastage. Site feedback
indicated that the pre-cambers specified
generally came out as calculated. An
oversized pressed metal edge form was
used at the edges of the slabs.
Extensive interactions between
BlueScope Lysaght Design &
Construction and TTW generated
highly economical connection details.
Most of the web side plate (WSP)
connections were changed to angle
cleat connections. The single angle
cleat connections (rather than a WSP)
meant many of the primary beams,
as well as all the secondary beams
could be processed on a beam line
by Sebastian Engineering rather than
OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page11
 300PLUS
OWNER
Multiplex
DEVELOPER
Multiplex
ARCHITECT
Crone Partners
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS
Taylor Thomson Whitting
BUILDER
Multiplex Construction
STRUCTURAL CONTRACTOR
BlueScope Lysaght show that the vibration level was within
Design & Construction
A completely enclosed safety mesh
barrier was erected on the active
construction level and moved
upwards as erection progressed.
OneSteel Solutions
Latitude East @ World Square
requiring the welding of a WSP, enabling
greater speed of fabrication and ease of
transportation.
Connection to concrete core wall
generally consisted of site welding an
angle cleat to a plate that had been cast
into the wall. Horizontally slotted holes have been have needed if there had only
in the cleat enabled fast installation been a lightweight balustrade.
of the beam.
Innovative column to primary beam
connections, fabricated by Phoenix
Engineering were also used extensively
to speed up shop fabrication and improve
the economy of the finished solution.
The OneSteel 300PLUS 310UB40
secondary beams allowed the air
conditioning ductwork to pass below the
bottom flange. Using OneSteels beam
penetration software, web penetrations
were located in the primary beams
where required. Some large reinforced
web penetrations were beyond the
scope of the OneSteel software, so were
designed using finite element analysis.
In the preliminary design the team used
Murray et al, Steel Design Guide Series
11: Floor Vibrations due to Human
Activity published by American Institute
of Steel Construction (AISC) 2003 to
acceptable limits for interior floors.
Web penetrations were located in the deeper primary beams where required.
Most web penetrations were un-reinforced for economy.
issue 8 page12
Vibration performance of the cantilever
areas was checked by TTW using finite
element software.
As there is a wall of glass on the internal
atrium there was no need for any special
vibration treatment here which would
The cantilevered non-composite
OneSteel 300PLUS 610UB125 primary
beams were passed through a slotted
stub 600-millimetre Circular Hollow
Section (CHS) column. For ease of
transportation and fast site erection
they were fabricated as an assembly.
The 600-millimetre diameter columns
allowed good access for concrete
pouring either side of the beams.
The curtain wall faade dictated that the
cantilevers and edge beams be sized to
limit deflection at the mid-span of the
edge beam between adjacent floors to
within acceptable limits.
Small scissor lifts were used to erect the
beams, enabling easy, safe access for
the riggers. Expandable foam was used
to seal the gap between the decking and
the circular columns.
Some concrete blade walls were made
with two small UC sections used to
support the steel floor. Then the concrete
blade columns were formed up and
poured, allowing the floor construction
to go ahead of the blade walls, and each
floor and the supporting blade walls to
be poured concurrently.
The stairwells are supported from each
level rather than self supporting over the
entire height.
According to Greg Kane the Latitude
East project goes a long way to
dispelling the beliefs and myths
surrounding steel. He said that: The
construction industry doesnt have a
lot of experience building in steel so is
chary about using it as a construction
material. Steel may take more pre-
planning than a concrete structure but
that pre-planning pays dividends in the
speed of erection once construction
gets underway. This building benefited
from the experiences some of the team
had gained on the Latitude/Ernst &
Young Tower next door. The involvement
of the steel industry at the early
planning stage contributed to a trouble-
free construction program.
Fire Engineering
Fire engineering conducted by
Norman Disney & Young and
supported by OneSteel provided
a solution where only the primary
beams and the main secondary
beams joining columns were fire
sprayed, and only to an FRL of
60 minutes. The fire engineering
solutions also allowed the entire
top 2 levels of the office floors
to be entirely unprotected steel
floor beams.
Angle cleat connections saved costs on the project.
The cleats were site welded to a plate that had been
cast into the wall. Horizontally slotted holes in the
cleat allowed quick installation of the beam.
Steel frame
construction delivers
N ew standards for M elbourne office tower

According to its advocates, the new Urban The four-level podium provides
interactive office space with bridge links
Workshop at 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, between the tenancies overlooking the
designed by John Wardle Architects in large foyer and retail area below.

association with Hassell and NH Architecture, The innovative design of the steel and
has unparalleled modern features that will glass structure was fundamental to
achieving the light, airy, transparent
set new standards in office accommodation. look. The composite steel decking and
a structural steel frame with innovative
The majority of the buildings occupants will be within 12 metres of a window, no composite columns and metal deck
matter where they are in the 54,000 square metres of floor space above ground was prop-free construction. Floor
levels. The Department of Human Services is the anchor tenant. construction employs composite steel
beams (up to 13-metre span), with a
The Urban Workshop took six years of interactive planning between the clients, cantilever that supports floor to ceiling
The Industry Superannuation Property Trust (ISPT), Multiplex and architect John windows and provides a column-free
Wardle. Together they have created a landmark commercial building. The 34-level faade effect.
tower with a five-level basement (accommodating 476 cars, 216 bicycles and 89
motorcycle spaces) integrates a mixture of uses, provides an innovative workplace The 1900-square-metre floor plate
milieu and an enhanced urban environment. is unique for a 34-storey building in
Melbourne. The slender side core,
At ground level a network of new public laneways was designed to reflect the original housing 17 lifts in three rises with two
street configuration, lost to title consolidation in the 1950s, but now remembered dedicated goods lifts, is offset and has
and reinterpreted as pedestrian thoroughfares passing through the foyer, actively three core outriggers at the top of the
connecting to the life of the city. building to assist in providing structural
stiffness. Flying beam structures are
Built at a cost of $200 million, the building is light and transparent and very open,
employed for the podium floors.
indicating there is a lot that is different under the skin.

OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page13

 300PLUS 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne
Peter Chancellor of Connell Mott
MacDonald, the design engineers on the
project, said that: We produced designs
for two versions in post tension
concrete and in steel. Both were costed
by Rider Hunt and were pretty close.
Because of similar floor-to-floor heights
of 3.95 metres for the concrete and
steel alternatives and the same vertical
interval for accommodating services,
there was no significant variation in
costs for services.
The innovative design of the
steel and glass structure was
fundamental to achieving the
light, airy, transparent look.
OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page14
Multiplex, the builder on the project, then
made the call for the steel version, and
the detailed design was done. In making
the decision to use steel Multiplex
said that steel presented less risk to
the building program and a significant
reduction in labour costs.
Chancellor went on to say that: There
was a tight program for this job, and
Multiplex felt there was a lower risk
with the steel option as more of the
components could be fabricated off site.
Another benefit was the jump-start
method of construction for which steel
is very suitable. The lower podium
floors are quite complex post-tensioned
concrete structures so it was an
advantage to remove these from the
critical path for the project. The tall steel
jump-start columns protruded above
the podium levels. By building on top of
those jump-start columns, work could
proceed on the upper levels, while the
complex and time-consuming podium

floors were simultaneously attended
to. Steel construction is ideal for this
approach, Chancellor concluded.
The project grid was 9 x 12 metres,
with a central spine beam. Because
the floor plate was not rectangular, it
needed a bay of varying span secondary
beams with one support on the central
concrete core. Fabrication was carried
out by GFC Industries. The beams were
generally OneSteel 700WB and OneSteel
300PLUS 610UB and 530UB sections
with tubular steel perimeter columns and
square steel internal composite columns,
involving innovative splice details. large floor plates ranging from
The floor slabs were 120 millimetres
with designated areas strengthened for
compactus loading.
Flying beams in the podium floors
300PLUS 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne
The reasons for going with steel
included:
1700 to 1900 square metres were
economical in steel
simplicity and ease of construction
speed of erection
emphasis on repetitive engineering
considerable off-site construction,
reducing on-site trades and labour
lower structural weight compared to
concrete construction, which reduced
column and footing sizes.
The Building Management System
is flexible, responding to occupant
demands, as well as optimising energy
use and logging usage patterns. It
covers all energy aspects of the building.
The system manages lighting, power,
transport, safety, security and air
handling. It can utilise outside air when
outdoor ambient conditions permit,
thus avoiding the need to cool air. Heat
recovery from light fittings in ceiling
voids can also be used to supplement
heating in winter.
State-of-the-art management and
control of the buildings services is just
one, albeit important, aspect of the
project. The building has achieved a
4.5 star Australian Building Greenhouse
Rating (ABGR).The rating measures the
management, health and wellbeing of
a buildings occupants, accessibility
to public transport, water use, energy
consumption, embodied energy of its
materials, land use and pollution.
The steel solution presented less risk
to the overall construction program
and the contract time saving was
estimated at two months. The major
tenant moved in between March and
the end of April 2006.
The project lead the Royal Australian
Institute of Architects 2006 Victorian
Awards where it won awards for
Commercial Architecture, Interior
Architecture, Urban Design and shared
the Melbourne Prize awarded for
projects which have made a significant
contribution to the CBD.
OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page15
 300PLUS 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne

DEVELOPER
ISPT
ARCHITECT
John Wardle Architects in
association with Hassell
and NH Architecture
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
Connell Mott MacDonald
BUILDER
Multiplex Constructions
STEELWORK CONTRACTOR
Built at a cost of $200 million, the GFC Industries
building is light and transparent and STEEL DETAILER

very open, indicating there is a lot Straightline Drafting

QUANTITY SURVEYOR
that is different under the skin. Rider Hunt
FIRE ENGINEERING
Norman Disney & Young

OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page16 The Urban Workshop foyer

DRIVEN
BY STEEL
SX1 SOUTHERN CROSS DEVELOPMENT
An exciting new business development is Planned to be staged, the development
of two building towers linked with
taking shape at the top end of Bourke Street Southern Cross Lane under the canopy
on the western corner of Exhibition Street. and five basement levels, will offer to
the market 120,000 square metres of
This prominent site was once the location of office space in total, over 5000 square
Melbournes prestigious Southern Cross Hotel. metres of retail space and secure
parking for 950 cars, 150 bicycles and
The site was procured by joint venture partners and is now under the ownership of 100 motor bikes.
Multiplex. The current phase of the project was completed in March.
The SX1 building will comprise four
The new Southern Cross Development is well located at the eastern precinct of the major elements:
Melbourne Central Business District. The site also enjoys excellent amenities with
shops, restaurants, hotels, major office buildings and public transport nearby. double height ground level consisting
of main entries, foyer and secured lift
The trend for modern corporations to seek larger floor plates rather than skyscrapers lobbies, whilst the remaining space
was a driving force in the commercial brief of this new corporate building. The target will be offered for mixed-use retail
market is a mix of corporate and government tenants.

OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page17

 300PLUS SX1 Southern Cross Development

above ground level, two podium through the podium levels (levels 1 to 4),
floors providing 3500 square metres while the typical floors are approximately
net lettable area of office area each 2650 square metres.

elegantly constructed and transparent The 14-metre span was a massive selling
canopy enclosing the space between feature for SX Developments and enabled
the buildings at the top of their work station layouts at a 1500-millimetre
podium levels will open up to grid rather than 800 or 900 millimetres.
new civic and retail precinct labelled This significantly improved building
Southern Cross Lane efficiency.

the tower above the podium levels The structural solution for the tower floor
will have open office floor plates in plate needed to accommodate spans of
excess of 2100 square metres up to 16 metres radiating from the central
and will accommodate plant rooms core. Multiplex Constructions required that
and required building services.
The SX1 (or East tower) with centrally
located concrete core and only one row
of columns to building perimeter will
deliver 76,700 square metres over forty
floors. The SX2 (or West Tower) with side
core and two rows of columns (perimeter
and centre of building) will provide
45,200 square metres over 22 levels will
be occupying the western end of the site
in the future.
Stage 1 of the development, fully let
to the Victorian State Government,
includes the construction of five levels of
basement carparking below street level
and the 40-level (165-metre-high) East
Tower SX1. Multiplex Construction is
the design and construct builder for this
$300 million development. It is estimated
that 40,000 cubic metres of concrete
and 6500 tonnes of steel will be used on
the project.
Woods Bagot, the architect on the
projects, has designed a dramatically
angled glazed faade, to take advantage
of the city views. Gordana Ticak, Woods
Bagots Project Director said that: On the
eastern faade we utilised the slim profile
of the slab and floor structure to extend
glazing from floor to the underside of the
slab above, thus maximising the views
and natural light penetration. The steel
structure and the beam cantilever has
enabled creation of large podium floors,
giving a dramatic effect of space without
any apparent support.
Due to various advantages, Lift shafts, toilets, lobby and escape
structural steel framing stairs were located centrally within the
floor plates, with columns located at the
was selected for use in the buildings perimeter, creating column-free
construction of the extension. space. The floor plates for the building
are approximately 4300 square metres
the structure be simple, easy to construct,
repetitive and minimise the on-site trades.
Durham Shaw, Multiplex Constructions
Design Manager on the site, said that the
two main drivers for steel were the price
of formwork and competitive quotes from
the steel fabricators.
Durham said that GVP Fabricators,
engaged as the steel fabricator and
erector, conducted the operation in a
highly professional manner. There was
no previous relationship with the site
team but some relationship with Multiplex.
The Multiplex site team was relatively
unfamiliar with high-rise structural steel
construction so the key was in the
professional shop detailing, and GVP
facilitated this. The big advantage in
building in steel is floor turnaround time.
With steel you can move the screens the
next day whereas with concrete, screens
cannot move until the back-propping
is complete and the concrete has had
sufficient time to cure.
The other great advantage was the
reduction in the number of workers on
site. On this project the erection team
was 15, whereas if the building had been
a concrete frame the number of form
workers would have been approximately
80, Durham said.
Bonacci Group (structural engineers
on the project) Director Stuart Rossiter
proposed an unpropped steel frame,
acting compositely with metal deck
formwork as the most cost-effective
solution for the tower, and this was
then verified by Multiplex Constructions.
Columns were spaced around the
buildings perimeter, at 9-metre centres,
to suit the architectural ceiling and faade
grid, and there are no column transfers.

OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page18


Steel detailing
Steel detailer Ricky Hains of PlanIT
Design Group said they created a 3D
model for the project. To ensure that
the correct amount of precamber was
being applied to the steel floor beams, a
bay of steelwork was actually assembled
at GVPs plant and then loaded with
steel plates to simulate the loading from
wet concrete. The amount of deflection
was then measured and compared to
the theoretical deflection previously
calculated. The fact that the measured
figures were all within an acceptable
range of the theoretical figures is
testament to the level of engineering
expertise employed on this project.
Apart from the steelwork supporting
the faade work on the first four levels
where there were some interesting
geometric requirements, the detailing
was relatively straightforward. One
variable that had to be considered was
the impact of the axial compression
on the steel columns with an extra 2
millimetres added to the height of the
columns for each floor. Multiplexs use
of a web-based project management
programme facilitated the exchange of
documentation and helped coordination
between the various sub-contractors,
including those working on the faade
glazing and the steel structure.
Structural steel design
Lou Piovesan, Director at Bonacci Group
described the design of the columns,
slab and beams of the structural system.
Columns
Full structural steel columns were adopted
in lieu of composite columns or columns
encased in concrete. This enabled the
structural column to be relatively smaller
in cross-section. We designed a fabricated
column section, made from 400-grade
steel plate, with the capacity to support
the large axial loads.
These fabricated columns were not in
the standard OneSteel Welded Column
range and therefore it was sourced from
overseas. GVP Fabricators, the steel
fabricators and erectors, used these
sections for the lower 28 levels of the
building and OneSteel Welded Columns
for the upper levels as this was the
most economical solution. Smorgon
Steel Metals Distribution supplied 5345
tonnes of hot rolled and welded sections
into the project from OneSteel.
The SX1 (or East tower) with centrally located concrete
core and only one row of columns to building perimeter
will deliver 76,700 square metres over forty floors.
Generally, the columns were erected
three storeys high, with splices at 1000
millimetres above the finished floor level.
Splices were designed in accordance
with AS 4100 1998 Steel structures. core at one end and steel primary
The ends of columns were prepared for
full contact with splice plates designed
to transmit nominal axial compressions
and minimum moments.
Adjustments to the column heights
were made to control the differential
settlement between the concrete core
shortening and creeping and shortening
of the steel columns.
Slabs
Continuous metal deck formwork spanning
3 metres between secondary beams was
used to support the 120-millimetre thick
floor slab, with continuous reinforcing top
fabric. In areas where greater acoustic
requirement was needed (such as plant
rooms), a thicker slab with secondary
beams at closer centres was adopted.
300PLUS Brisbane Airport
Beams
The building floor framing system has
composite steel secondary beams
spanning up to 15 metres. Lou said that:
These were pushed out to 3-metre
centres to optimise the span of the
metal formwork, with cantilevers varying
from 1-metre above level 5 and 4
metres between level 2 and level 4.
The cantilevers rely on beam continuity
through the primary support beams,
Lou said. To control tip deflections
Multiplex elected to prop the ends of
the beams, which was critical because
of the method of fixing the curtain wall
system. Steel channels were cast into
the slab, so that the curtain wall could
effectively be fixed to the building,
controlling the tip deflections. There
were no penetrations in the beams
but a services haunch around each
beam. The secondary beams were
also notched at each end, to assist in
services reticulation for the building.
Beams are supported by the concrete
beams at the other.
Composite primary beams spanning
between the steel columns support DEVELOPER
the secondary beams and gave the SX Developments
structure a degree of rigidity during
erection and pouring of slabs. BUILDING CONTRACTOR
Multiplex Constructions
Connection details needed to be simple
ARCHITECT
to reduce erection time of structural
Woods Bagot
members on site. We designed
bearing plate connections for primary STRUCTURAL ENGINEERS
beams, simple cleated connections for Bonacci Group
secondary beams and end plates, where STEEL CONTRACTOR
continuity was required, Lou concluded.
GVP Fabricators
STEEL DETAILING
PlanIt Design Group
STEEL SUPPLIER
Smorgon Steel Metals
Distribution
OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page19
 300PLUS SX1 Southern Cross Development
Fire engineering design
A thorough fire engineering design
was investigated by Lincolne Scott
Fire, all working through the building
surveyor, Philip Chun and Associates. The
investigation considered all the other
services, such as sprinklers, smoke
detection and hydrants that also fire
protect the building. The fire engineering
solution adopted to comply with the
requirements of the Building Code of
Australia (BCA) was to fire protect all
steel columns to the underside of primary
beams, as well as primary beams with a
surface area to mass ratio of greater than
20 square metres per tonne.
The fire engineering study reduced the
protection from two hours to one hour
through larger exits and covenanting
design. This solution was an economically
acceptable outcome as most of the
structural steel was unprotected.
Environmental
Lou Piovesan said that: This
building is unique, in that Woods
Bagot has implemented a number
of environmentally sustainable
development (ESD) initiatives, such as
double glazing and double skin fa
ades.
We have recycled steel off-cuts, black
water treatment and, where possible,
used environmentally friendly material.
The ESD faade provided the design
team with some challenges, in
particular to support the outer faade
skin. We also needed to maintain
access between the two fa
ades. repetitive and minimised the on-site
This was achieved by extending
the floor plate structure beyond the
concrete edge, in order to support the
walkway outer skin, while at the same
time carrying the vertical and horizontal
load imposed by the external faade.
Conclusion
Lou Piovesan, Director Bonacci Group,
said that: To achieve the maximum
benefit for structural steel-framed
buildings a more active role during the
design phase should be played by the
steel fabricator/erector and steel detailer
so that systems of repetition, optimised
connection design and planned erection
sequencing can be implemented
OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page20
that best suits the capabilities of the
fabricator. This, however, does mean
engaging the fabricator before the
design is finalised. Builders are always
nervous about this, as it eliminates the
opportunity for competitive tendering.
A better understanding early in the
design phase of external faade
systems would greatly assist designers
in optimising and detailing systems
that accommodate faade system
tolerances and fixing requirements.
Again, this limits the builder getting
competitive tender prices for the work,
if the manufacturers and installers are
employed at the beginning of the project,
before the design is fully scoped.
The other challenge, not only with steel
framed structures but also with all
construction, is that change to the floor
plate is difficult to incorporate once
construction begins. With steel it is
because once steel fabrication begins, the
steelwork is manufactured a number of
floors ahead of construction. Late changes,
which require modification on site, can
be very expensive but are easier to
accommodate in steel than, say, concrete.
Advantages of the steel solution
Cost: The unpropped steel acting
compositely with metal deck formwork
was the most cost-effective solution for
the tower.
Ease of construction: The steel
solution was simple, easy to construct,
trades.
Reduced workforce: The
reduction in the number of workers
on site made for a safer and less
congested site. Erection team was
15 as opposed to around 80 form
workers.
Flexiblity: The flexibility of steel
allowed the architects to design a
dramatically angled glazed faade, to
take advantage of the city views.
Metal deck: The slim composite
steel deck enabled the architect to
extend the glazing from the floor to the
underside of slab above, maximising
the views and natural light penetration.
Lou concluded his comments on this
project by saying that: Bonacci Group
has, over recent years, established
an enviable track record in designing
and delivering a varied range of steel-
framed structures. We recognised that
pre-planning is paramount in achieving
and delivering the project on time and
on budget. It is through getting the
project team working closely together
at the initial planning phase that
determines the success of the building
system adopted. We were fortunate that
architectural issues were addressed
and accommodated early, as well as the
services requirements for plant, duct
work and penetrations.
If the building can be planned and
understood and all interfaces between
the owners, consultants and builder
coordinated early during the design
phase, then the advantages of opting
for a structural steel building system
can be realised.
Bonacci Group would have no hesitation
in repeating the exercise, given the
success of this project.
Technology: Creating a 3D model
of the project allowed web-based
document exchange facilitating
accuracy and reducing the number
of RFIs.
Time: Big advantage in steel is floor
cycle times.
Large spans: The 14-metre
spans enabled work station layouts
at a 1500-millimetre grid rather than
800 millimetres or 900 millimetres,
significantly improving building
efficiency.
Off-site construction: Off-site
construction of the structural steelwork
reduced traffic and site congestion.
Industry capability: Competitive
steel fabrication industry. High
professionalism of the steel fabricator
and their facilitation of the professional
shop detailing.
BIG DEVELOPERS COMBINE
IN STEEL TO CONNECT
FLINDERS LINK
In the heart of Adelaide three developers have combined to create
Flinders Link. The new development is an exciting mix of office, retail
and residential-use development. A complex of multistorey office
buildings, residential and carparking is being built in five stages
and is set to invigorate the inner city.

OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page21

 300PLUS Flinders Link Adelaide
PT Building Services is a one-third
partner developer with Kambitsis Group
and Hindmarsh Group. The joint project
at 5880 Flinders and Wyatt Streets
will replace the former Nolan Shannon
Building, the rundown YMCA Building
and the former BEA Motors site. A
pedestrian walkway links Flinders and
Pirie Streets and joins onto Freemasons
Lane (stage 1); a multistorey public
carpark, with 700 spaces (stage 2); the
construction of a nine-storey apartment
building fronting Wyatt Street with 36
two-bedroom apartments to be known
as Dakota on Wyatt (stage 3); multi-
storey office building (stage 4); and
an eight-storey office building for one
tenant (stage 5).
The first three stages currently being built
are the 700-space multilevel carpark
OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page22
(stage 2) and IAG Building (stage 5) and
the Santos Building (stage 4). Although
described as stage 2 and 5 the carpark
and IAG Building integrate, with the top
two levels of the office building extending
over the carpark.
and fixtures have low volatile organic
Stage 2 and 5 during construction
IAG has leased 100% of the building
and taken naming rights while the oil
and gas giant, Santos, has locked in
a ten-year lease taking 100% of the
second new office building. These three
stages of the project were planned for
completion before March 2007 but were
completed in July 2006.
The IAG Building has achieved a Five
Star Green Energy Rating under the
Green Building Council of Australia
system. High performance double
glazing cuts down heat penetration
and loss while the air system monitors
CO2 emissions, cutting in and out as
required. Low-use water appliances
have been installed and all the fittings
compounds (VOC). Ample bicycle parking
has been provided.
Designed by architects HASSELL and
engineered by Wallbridge & Gilbert, the
faade of the new IAG office building is

a double glazed curtain wall on a steel-
framed structure with composite metal
decks and a central concrete core.
Square hollow section columns support OneSteel
primary beams.
Steel was perceived as the preferred
material for several reasons. Greg
Zafiridis, Walbridge & Gilberts Project
Engineer, said that as the carpark was
designed to be built in steel it became
the most logical choice for the adjoining
building. We saw that there was market
capability to deliver and erect the steel
to meet the tight construction schedule
imposed by the tenants need to occupy
the building within a tight timeframe.
The Samaras Group detailed and
fabricated the steelwork off site, delivering
the structural steel to the site where they
carried out the steel erection.
Chris Watkins, project architect for
HASSELL said that: The site covers an
area of 6600 square metres to deliver a
building with 12,000 square metres of
office space over eight levels. To level six
the grid is 8.4 x 8.4 metres but changes
at level eight to 16.8 x 16.8. These top
two levels extend over the carpark below
to deliver large floor plates of 3000
square metres each.
To level six the building is supported
on 508 x 10 circular hollow sections
(CHS) filled with reinforced concrete.
The column design was based on Corus
Tubes Design Guide for Concrete Filled
Columns. These columns have a fire
resistance level (FRL) of 120 minutes.
Typical primary beams in the office
and carpark are OneSteel 300PLUS
530UB92 primary beams and 410UB54
secondary beams. All internal beams of
the office and the secondary beams of
the carpark are composite with web side
plate connections. The primary carpark
beams and all edge beams and minor
trimmers are non-composite and erected
without propping.
The structural steel decking is predominantly at spans
of 2.8 metres.
Lateral resistance is provided via the
combination of the central concrete lift
and stair core, precast northern shear
walls and K-bracing in the carpark.
300PLUS Flinders Link - Adelaide
OneSteel worked with the project
team to provide information on the key
benefits of structural steel, in particular
the fire engineering design. This
assistance ensured the most economical
solution for the owner. More than 1600
tonnes of steelwork has gone into the
project with most of the steel supplied
by OneSteel Steel & Tube.
The structural steel decking has spans
of 2.8 metres unpropped with a slab
thickness of 140 millimetres. The floor
to ceiling heights are 2.7 metres.
Fire engineering
The structural steel solution was adopted
following a Fire Engineering assessment
by The Centre for Environmental Safety
and Risk Engineering (CESARE at
University of Victoria. As the carpark
module was limited to 25 metres in height
with ample cross-flow ventilation, no
sprinklers or mechanical ventilation were
necessary. However, the additional two
levels of office space over the carpark
was required to include sprinklers.
Fire engineering evaluation
demonstrated that concrete-filled
400x300x12.5 RHS and 300x300x10
SHS carpark columns provided an FRL
of 60 minutes. OneSteels Fire Design
Note 3, Sept 2002 was the basis for
these designs. These composite design
columns also supports the two floors
of office space located above the nine-
storey carpark.
DEVELOPER
Using the Cardington UK test as a
PT Building Services,
reference only, selected office floor
Kambitsis Group and
beams required FRL 60 minimum.
Hindmarsh Group
These beams were all primary with
grid line secondary beams. Assessment ARCHITECT
dictated that they be painted with one HASSELL
coat of intumescent paint. The painting STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
was undertaken after erection and Wallbridge & Gilbert
included connections.
CIVIL ENGINEER
Greg Zafiridis of Wallbridge & Gilbert Wallbridge & Gilbert
said that: The fire engineering STEELWORK CONTRACTOR
assessment resulted in a cost-effective, Samaras Group
versatile structural steel solution which
STEEL DETAILER
was simple to fabricate.
Samaras Group
Thanks to steel the first stages of this QUANTITY SURVEYOR
exciting complex are now complete Currie & Brown
ahead of schedule and work has STEEL DISTRIBUTOR
commenced on the next planned stages.
OneSteel Steel & Tube
OneSteel Solutions issue 8 page23
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JOHN FREAR
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This publication has been prepared by OneSteel Manufacturing Pty Limited ABN 42 004 651 325, a business unit of OneSteel Market Mills. Please note that any specifications or
technical data referred to in this publication are subject to change and/or variation or improvement without notice and no warranty as to their suitability for any use is made.
Users of this publication to ensure accuracy and adequacy for their purposes are requested to check the information provided in this publication to satisfy themselves as to its appropriateness and
not to rely on the information without first doing so. Unless required by law, the company cannot accept any responsibility for any loss, damage or consequence resulting from the use of this publication.
Photographs shown are representative only of typical applications, current at May 2007. This publication is not an offer to trade and shall not form any part of the trading terms in any transaction.
CompSelector, CompLoader, CompPanel and CompPen are registered trademarks of OneSteel Manufacturing16318
Copyright 2000-2007. OneSteel Market Mills. 300Plus, Pty Limited.
ABN 42 004 651 325. COMPBEAM is a registered trademark of OneSteel Reinforcing Pty Limited. ABN 22 004 148 289. Issue 8. Printed May 2007. 16318

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