SX Nuoc Tinh Khiet HC

AMH : Tnh Toan Day Chuyen San Xuat Nc ong
Chai trang 1
PHAN I : TONG QUAN

1. MUC CH E TAI
Hien nay, nhu cau dung nc sach cua ngi dan
ngay cang tang. ac biet la nhu cau nc cho sinh
hoat va an uong. Ngoai ra, vi cuoc song tap nap
va hoi ha th nhng tien nghi trong sinh hoat eu co
san. Do o, nhu cau nc uong tinh khiet, ong chai
la rat can thiet vi tnh hnh hien nay. Nhng do cac
c s san xuat nc uong cha chu trong chat
lng nc do ho ch chu trong en li nhuan ma
khong can quan tam en chat lng nen mot so c
s x ly rat s sai, khong am bao an toan cho
ngi s dung.
Muc tieu chnh cua e tai la thiet ke he thong x
ly va am bao chat lng cung cap cho sinh hoat
va co the cap cho day chuyen nc uong ong
chai.
2. TONG QUAN VE NGUON NC NGAM

4.1Nguon nc ngam
ay la mot trong hai nguon nc cung cap chnh cho
nhu cau nc sinh hoat cua ngi dan. Nhng hau
het chat lng cha am bao do ac iem a chat
cua cac tang at. nhng ni co o sau khac
nhau th thanh phan cau tao hoa hoc rat khac nhau,
ong thi vi s phat trien cua cong nghiep hien
nay cong vi s khai thac nc ngam qua mc lam
cho cac chat o nhiem tham sau vao cac tang at
ngam. Tuy viec un soi, nau nng ch co the loai
bo vi khuan va mot vai chat co hai nhng ong
thi cung lam phan huy mot so khoang chat trong
nc ngam, kim loai nang va mot so chat oc hai
van con. Do o, chung ta can kiem tra chat lng
nc noi chung trc khi s dung vao muc ch sinh
hoat va an uong.
Nc ngam ton tai cac tang nc trong long
at, co hai loai tang : tang gii han va tang khong
gii han.
Tang khong gii han la lp at a xop khong
phu tren no lp at a khong tham nc, trong
tang nay co hai vung : vung bao hoa nc va
vung khong bao hoa c phan chia ranh gii bi
SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

Chai trang 2
mc nc trong o, vung khong bao hoa cha
nhieu oxy.
- Nc ngam trong tang khong gii han co nguon
goc chnh t nc ma tham xuong, nam o
sau khong ln lam. No de b nhiem ban bi tap
chat sinh hoat, cong nghiep va nong nghiep.
Nc trong tang nay la cac dang mach nc
ngam nong, nc suoi, lp khong bao hoa nam
gia mc nc va mat at, no co kha nang
loai bo mot so tap chat nhng vai tro chu yeu
cua lp nc nay la km ham toc o di chuyen
cua tap chat xuong tang nc di. Lp nc
trong tang khong gii han luon c bo sung t
nc ma. Do o, cac vet nt hay cac lo khoan
khong ung qui cach hoac khong con hoat ong
ma khong c bt lai se pha v tnh nang km
ham s di chuyen tap chat cua lp khong bao
hoa.
- Tang khong gii han co tr lng nc cao hn
tang gii han. Nc trong tang gii han cha t
nitrat, chat hu c va vi sinh vat hn. Nguon nc
nay t c s dung neu co cac nguon khac thay
the do chi ph khai thac cao va lien quan en yeu
to chat lng nc : nhieu muoi nguon sau,
nhieu Fe, Mn, H2S, CO2 do thieu oxy.
Tang nc gii han la tang b phu tren no mot
lp at hay a khong co kha nang tham nc.
Nc tch tu trong o la do cac dong chay ngang,
cham t cac tang khong gii han en, no
khong co lp khong bao hoa, co cau truc kieu
banh kep gia cac lp khong tham nc. Ap lc
thuy tnh trong tang gii han ln nen khi khoan hay
ao gieng th nc se phun len, ap lc nay se
giam i neu khong co nc bo sung.
Chat lng nc ngam phu thuoc vao cac yeu to
sau : chat lng nc ma, chat lng nc ngam a
ton tai thi gian dai trong long at, ban chat lp
at a nc tham qua, ban chat lp a cha
tang nc. Thong thng, nc ngam cha t tap
chat hu c, t vi sinh va giau thanh phan vo c : Ca,
Mg, K, Fe, Mn, cacbonat, bicacbonat, sunfat va clorua.
Nc ngam trong vung a voi, a phan cha

nhieu canxi, bicacbonat va trong vung a dolomit
cha nhieu magie, bicacbonat.

Chai trang 3
Nc ngam trong vung a sa thach, cat ket cha
nhieu NaCl va trong vung a granit cha nhieu
mangan, sat.
Nc ngam ven vung o th, co nguon thai chay
qua, ni chon rac cha nhieu tap chat la san
pham cua qua trnh phan huy vi sinh nh : nitrit,
amoniac, nitrat, hydro sunfua, photphat.
So vi nc mat, o dan ien (nong o cac ion)
trong nc ngam cao hn va tang cung vi o sau
nguon nc do cac nguon nc sau t c bo sung,
hoa tron vi cac nguon nc mi va do thi gian
tiep xuc lau vi at a tao ieu kien hoa tan cac
khoang vat trong tang. nguon nc sau, gia coi
th nong o ion cao va vung ong bang rat de b
nhiem man. Nong o muoi cao cung co the la do
khai thac qua mc trong ieu kien bo sung han che,
co the do nc ngam co san muoi hay do s xam
nhap man t nc bien.
3. TONG QUAN CAC PHNG PHAP X LY NC

NGAM
3.1Kh sat (Fe) va Mangan (Mn)
3.1.1 Phng phap lam thoang
Trong nc ngam, sat ton tai chu yeu dang
ion Fe2+ la thanh phan cua cac muoi hoa tan nh
: Fe(HCO3)2 , FeSO4 , FeS, Thc chat cua qua trnh
kh sat bang phng phap lam thoang la uoi
kh CO2 va lam giau oxy cho nc, tang pH tao
ieu kien e oxy hoa Fe 2+ thanh Fe3+ thc hien
qua trnh thuy phan tao thanh chat t tan Fe(OH) 3
va c gi lai be loc. Lam thoang co the
la : lam thoang t nhien hay lam thoang nhan
tao. Sau khi lam thoang, qua trnh oxy hoa Fe 2+ va
thuy phan Fe3+ co the xay ra trong moi trng
t do, moi trng hat hay moi trng xuc tac.
Cac yeu to anh hng en qua trnh kh sat :
pH , O2 , ham lng sat trong nc ngam, CO 2 , o
kiem, nhiet o, thi gian phan ng. Khi tat ca
cac ion Fe2+ a chuyen hoa thanh cac bong can
Fe(OH)3 th chung se c loai bo be loc.
Khi co u ham lng oxy e oxy hoa sat, thi
gian oxy hoa tren cong trnh se phu thuoc vao
tr so pH cua nc.

Chai trang 4
6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
pH 7
0 5 6 7 8 9 7,5
Thi gian tiep
xuc can thiet
(thi gian lu
90 60 45 30 25 20 15 10
nc) trong be
lang va be loc,
phut
Thi gian tiep
xuc can thiet lu
nc trong be loc 60 45 30 20 18 14 12 5
tiep xuc va be
loc trong, phut
(Nguon : so lieu uc ket nhieu nam cua Trung tam
Nghien cu Khoa hoc Cong nghe cap thoat nc).
3.1.2 Dung hoa chat
Kh sat bang cac chat oxy hoa manh nh : Cl 2,
O3 , KMnO4 ,
2Fe2+ + Cl2 + 6H2O 2Fe(OH)3 + 2Cl- + 6H+
3Fe2+ + KMnO4 + 7H2O 3Fe(OH)3 + MnO2 + K+
Kh
+ 5H+sat bang voi : phng phap nay thng
ket hp vi cac qua trnh on nh hay lam mem
nc.
Fe(HCO3)2 + O2 + H2O + Ca(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 +
Ca(HCO )
Fe(HCO33)22 + Ca(OH)2 FeCO3 + CaCO3
3.1.3 Cac phng phap kh sat khac :

Kh sat bang nha trao oi ion
Kh sat bang vi sinh vat
Kh sat bang ien phan
Kh sat trong long at
3.2Kh mui v
3.2.1 Bang than hoat tnh :
ay la mot ng dung hieu qua nhat cua than
hoat tnh. No la mot chat kh co kha nang
loai bo mot so chat oxy hoa nh : clo, axt
hypocloric, cloamin, ozon, permanganat, cromat
2Cl2 + C* + 2H2O <=> 4HCl + CO2
C* la than hoat tnh, clo trc khi phan ng co
the hap phu tren be mat than.
HOCl + C* <=> C*O + H+ + Cl-

Chai trang 5
NH2Cl + C* + H2O <=> C*O + NH3 + H+ + Cl-

2NH2Cl + C*O C* + 2H+ + 2Cl- + H2O + N2
2NHCl2 + H2O + C* <=> N2 + 4H+ + 4Cl- + C*O
Toc o phan ng vi than hoat tnh : NH 2Cl > HOCl
> OCl- > NH2Cl
3.2.2 Bang ozon :
Ozon la mot chat oxy hoa manh, no co kha
nang loai bo cac chat vo c gay uc, loai bo
mau va mui v cua nc. u iem ln nhat
cua ozon la x ly tot va khong tao ra cac san
pham phu oc hai nhng nhc iem cua no la
gia thanh thiet b at hn nhieu so vi than hoat
tnh.
3.3Kh cng
o cng cua nc chu yeu do s hien dien hai
ion Ca2+, Mg2+ , hai tap chat nay khong gay hai cho
sc khoe nhng gay hai cho cac thiet b : ong
can noi hi, ng ong dan va anh hng en
chat lng o uong, cac qua trnh len men.
3.3.1 Phng phap nhiet :
t dung trong thc te v chi ph cao nhng hieu qua
thap. Phng phap nay ch kh c o cng
tam thi va tien hanh nhiet o 100oC.
Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
Mg(HCO3)2 MgCO3 + H2O + CO2
3.3.2MgCO Phng
+ H2O phap hoa +
Mg(OH) hoc
CO2
3 2
Phng phap loai tr Ca2+, Mg2+ ra khoi nc la
da vao tnh tan thap cua CaCO 3 va Mg(OH)2 va
co the tach ra bang cac bien phap lang loc.
Trong qua trnh hnh thanh CaCO3 va Mg(OH)2 th
nong o cau t CO32- , HCO3- , pH ong vai tro
quan trong trong viec hnh thanh ket tua.
Kh cng theo phng phap voi so a : nham
lam tang pH cua moi trng t voi va tang
nong o CO32- t so a. Co the dung NaOH e
cap OH- nhng gia thanh se at hn nhieu, cac
phan ng chnh trong qua trnh kh bao gom :
Ca(OH)2 + H2O + CO2 CaCO3 + 2H2O
Ca2+ + 2HCO3- + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + 3H2O
Ca2+ + (SO42- + Cl-) + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2Na+ +
(SO42- + Cl-)
Mg2+ + 2HCO3- + 2Ca(OH)2 2CaCO3 + Mg(OH)2 +
SVTH : Nguyen
2H2O Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh
Mg2+ + (SO42- + Cl-) + Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 + Ca+ +

(SO42- + Cl-)
Chai trang 6
So vi qua trnh kh cng bang voi so a th

li the cua phng phap trao oi ion la n gian,
thao tac de dang, loai bo o cng triet e
nhng gia thanh ban au kha at va nc can
mot o trong nhat nh
Ca(HCO3)2 + 2Na-R Ca-R + 2NaHCO3 (kh
cng)
Ca-R + NaCl 2Na-R + CaCl2 (tai sinh nha
cationit)
Qua trnh trao oi ion co the thc hien theo 2
phng thc : ngat oan hay lien tuc. Qua trnh
lien tuc c thc hien trong cot cha tang co
nh chat trao oi ion, nc cho chay qua cot t
tren xuong. Qua trnh tai sinh dien ra theo chieu
ngc lai, dung lc ay cua dong xao tron hat
nha e tang kha nang tai sinh.
3.4Kh khoang
3.4.1 Trao oi ion
Nguyen tac trao oi ion e kh khoang la loai
cation trc va anion sau. Nha trao oi ion H + cho
cac cation hoa tan va nha trao oi ion OH - cho
cac anion hoa tan. Giong nh qua trnh kh cng
bang trao oi ion nhng cac ion trao oi khong
gop phan vao chat ran hoa tan dong ra, thch
hp vi nc co TDS 700ppm.
3.4.2 Tham thau ngc
Thc chat cua phng phap nay la loc nc qua
mang ban tham ac biet, mang ch cho nc i
qua con cac muoi hoa tan b gi lai. e loc
c nc qua mang phai tao ra ap lc d trong
nc nguon cao hn ap lc tham thau cua nc
qua mang, e nc a c loc qua mang khong
tr lai dung dch muoi do qua trnh tham thau.
Tham thau ngc s dung ac tnh cua mang
ban tham la cho nc i qua trong khi gi lai cac
chat hoa tan tr mot vai phan t hu c rat
giong nc ( co trong lng phan t be va o
phan cc ln).
3.5Kh trung :
Muc ch : loai bo vi khuan, vi sinh vat co hai trong
nc.
3.5.1 Phng phap vat ly : UV, vi loc

Chai trang 7
Phng phap chieu tia cc tm (UV : Ultra violet)
Phng phap chieu tia UV ngay cang c quan
tam v khong can a them hoa chat vao nc.
Khi tiep xuc vi tia cc tm, cac axt nucleic cua c
the vi sinh vat b bien oi theo chieu hng bat
li. Vung anh sang co tac dung diet khuan cao
nhat la bc song 200nm en 300nm, ay la
vung axt nucleic hap thu manh nhat va chu
bien oi sau sac. Khi cac te bao hap thu tia
cc tm, tia cc tm se tac ong len nhan te
bao va lam cho chung b phan huy, mat kha
nang phat trien va sinh soi. Anh sang tia cc
tm chia lam 3 vung :
Vung khoang bc song
UV A 315nm 400nm
UV B 280nm 315nm
UV C 200nm 280nm
Thiet b phat tia cc tm la en phong ien
thuy ngan chan khong, anh sang phat ra co
bc song 254nm. Nang lng anh sang trong
vung nay u kha nang diet khuan trong thi
gian vai giay. en cc tm co cau tao giong nh
en phat sang hnh ong, nhng vo thuy tinh
lam t thach anh co tron them TiO 2 e vo hap
phu anh sang co bc song nho hn 200nm.
Ngi ta thng chon en thuy tinh chan khong
v hieu qua kinh te cua no cao nhat (chuyen
hoa 40% nang lng ien thanh tia cc tm co
tac dung diet khuan).
e at hieu suat kh trung cao ngoai nhng
thong so thch hp cua thiet b, ta con phai
chu y en cac yeu to chat lng nc can
x ly nh : o uc, chat gay mau, va cac yeu
to khac anh hng en kha nang truyen qua
cua tia cc tm. Trong o yeu to anh hung
manh nhat en kha nang kh trung la o
trong cua nc. Ch khi nc co o truyen qua
tren 80% th qua trnh kh trung mi co hieu
qua v khi cac hat l lng gap cac hat l lng
no se b phan tan lam giam quang ng
truyen trong nc. Ngoai ra mot so vi khuan
bam vao nhng hat huyen phu khong tiep xuc
vi tia cc tm, mot so muoi tan va chat hu c
cung hap phu mot phan tia cc tm lam giam
hieu suat kh trung. Be mat en cc tm cung

Chai trang 8
phai c lam sach e tranh s ton that mat
o anh sang do cac chat ban tch tu tren o.
Cac u iem cua phng phap chieu tia c c tiep
so vi cac phng phap kh trung bang hoa
chat khac :
Thanh phan khoang cua nc khong thay
oi, khong tao thanh cac hp chat hu c
cha clo.
o an toan trong hoat ong cao, khong can
dung hoa chat ha phu, thi gian kh trung
ngan.
Khong xay ra hien tng o nhiem do hoa
chat, khong gay an mon thiet b, thao tac
n gian. Viec cham soc va bao dng n
gian : lau sach be mat en va thay en mi
khi het han s dung.
oi vi thie b nho co the dung ien acquy
hay nang lng mat tri.
Cac khuyet iem :
Hieu suat kh trung kem khi o truyen anh
sang trong nc nho hn 80%, nc co tap
chat hu va mot so muoi tan hap phu tia
UV.
Nhiet o ln hn 250C lam gaim tnh nang kh
cua tia UV.
Nc kh trung co kha nang nhiem khuan
tr lai.
Nc co ham lng nitrat khi kh bang UV co
kha nang tai ra nitrit.
Phng phap vi loc
Thiet b loc co dang hnh tru, con goi la nen loc
co o xop cao va mao quan co kch thc nho
hn kch thc vi sinh can loai bo. Nen loc san
xuat t diotomit, chat ket dnh va mot so phu
gia. Vi lo xop co kch thc t 0,2m 0,3m
co the loai bo hau het cac vi sinh co hai trong
nc. e keo dai thi gian loc hieu qua th
nc au vao can co o nhat nh, tranh lam
tac, phu thuoc vao chat lng nc.
Theo tng chu ky loc, nen loc can c ve sinh
bang cach ra hay dung dung dch clo e lam
ve sinh. Ben ngoai thiet b vi loc co gan ap ke
e theo doi s tang ap suat loc, khi ap suat

Chai trang 9
tang en mc nao o th qua trnh loc b tac
nghen va phai tien hanh ra loc.
Li the cua phng phap nay trong viec loai bo
vi khuan :
Tnh linh hoat cao do nhieu nen loc co cong
suat khac nhau co the lap at song song phu
hp vi cong suat can thiet.
Thanh phan khoang, muoi nc khong thay
oi.
Gia thanh hoat ong thap.
Nhc iem la :
Khi gi lau nc co the b nhiem khuan tr
lai.
Lam ve sinh khong tot nc co the b nhiem
khuan.
Ch thch hp cho qui mo nho.
3.5.2 Dung hoa chat : bang Clo, ozon,
Kh trung bang Clo :
Khi Clo gap nc se xay ra phan ng tao thanh
dang clo d t do la HClO, ClO- :
Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO
Neu trong nc co s hien dien amoniac th se
tao thanh dang clo d ket hp la cac cloamin.
Hieu qua kh trung dang nay tot hn dang clo
d t do :
HClO + NH3 NH2Cl + H2O
HClO + NH2Cl NHCl2 + H2O
HClO + NHCl2 NCl3 + H2O
Yeu to anh hng en kha nang kh trung :
can l lng, o uc, nhiet o, pH.
u iem : kh tao, mui, vang nht co trong
nc va re tien. Nhc iem co mui va co
the tao ra chat THM gay ung th. Ngoai ra ngi
ta cung co the s dung dang ClO2 vi hieu qua
cao hn va khong tao ra THM nhng chi ph at va
de no.
Kh trung bang Ozon : lieu lng ozon kh trung
la 0,5 1,5 mg/l trong 5 phut.
u iem :
Tac dung va toc o kh trung cao hn clo va
hp chat clo.
Khong tao ra san pham phu hu c oc hai.
Co the oxy hoa nhieu chat hu c en san
pham cuoi cung la CO2 va nc.

Chai trang 10
Khong gay mui kho chu nong o cao
Khuyet iem :
Khong ben trong nc nen khong the dung
kh trung ng ong nh clo.
Gia thanh thiet b va van hanh at tien.
4. CAC TIEU CHUAN VE NGUON NC

4.1Tieu chuan chat lng nc ngam TCVN 5944
1995
Pham vi ap dung
- Tieu chuan nay qui nh gii han thong so va
nong o cho phep cac chat o nhiem trong nc
ngam.
- Tieu chuan nay ap dung e anh gia chat
lng mot nguon nc ngam, hay giam sat tnh
trang o nhiem nc ngam mot khu vc xac
nh.
Gia tr gii han

Gai tr gii
STT Thong so n v
han
1 pH 6,5 8,5
2 Mau Pt-Co 5 50
o cng (theo
3 mg/l 300 500
CaCO3)
Chat ran tong
4 mg/l 750 1500
cong
5 Arsen mg/l 0,05
6 Cadimi mg/l 0,01
7 Clorua mg/l 200 600
8 Ch mg/l 0,05
9 Crom(VI) mg/l 0,05
10 Xianua mg/l 0,01
11 ong mg/l 1,0
12 Florua mg/l 1,0
13 Kem mg/l 5,0
14 Mangan mg/l 0,1 0,5
15 Nitrat mg/l 45
16 Phenol mg/l 0,001
17 Sat mg/l 15
18 Sunfat mg/l 200 400
19 Thuy ngan mg/l 0,001
20 Selen mg/l 0,01
21 Fecal coli MPN/100 0

Chai trang 11
ml
Coliform MPN/100
22 3
ml
( ch tieu t 1 en 22 la ch tieu ly hoa, ch
tieu 21 va 22 la ch tieu vi sinh)
Gai tr gii
STT Thong so n v
han
1 pH 6,5 8,5
2 o mau TCU < 15
3 o uc NTU <2
4 Mui v 0
5 o cng mg/l 300
Lng oxy tieu
6 mg/l <2
thu
7 NH3 mg/l < 1,5
8 Nitrit mg/l <3
9 Nitrat mg/l < 50
10 Clorua (NaCl) mg/l < 250
11 Sunfat mg/l < 250
12 Mangan mg/l < 0,5
13 Sat mg/l < 0,5
4.2 Cac ch tieu nc uong ong chai

Pham vi ap dung : cac ch tieu sau c ap dung
cho nc uong san xuat t cac qua trnh loc,
kh trung va ong chai.
Yeu cau ky thuat :
- Nc uong ong chai phai c san xuat t
cac nguon khong gay o nhiem, c c quan y
te co tham quyen chng nhan am bao yeu
cau ve sinh an toan va no c san xuat theo
quy trnh cong nghe do c quan tham quyen
chng nhan.
- Ch tieu cam quan
Cho tieu Mc o toi a cho phep
Mau sac (thang Cobalt) 5
o uc 5
Mui, v 0
- Ch tieu ly, hoa
Mc o toi a
Ch tieu n v
cho phep
pH 6,5 8,5
Clorua mg/l 250

Chai trang 12
Sulfate mg/l 250
Canxi mg/l 75
Magie mg/l 30
Natri mg/l 200
Kali mg/l 12
Nhom mg/l 0,2
Nitrat mg/l 50
Can hoa tan mg/l 500
Nitrit mg/l 0,015
Amonia mg/l 0,5
Permanganat mg/l 5
Photphate mg/l 5
Ham lng penola g/l 0,5
Sat mg/l 0,3
Mangan mg/l 0,1
ong mg/l 1
Kem mg/l 5
Florua mg/l 2
Bac mg/l 0,01
Arsen mg/l 0,05
Cd mg/l 0,01
Cyanua mg/l 0,05
Br mg/l 0,05
Hg mg/l 0,001
Ni mg/l 0,05
Pb mg/l 0,05
Selen mg/l 0,01
Thuoc BVTV
Aldrin & Deidrin g/l 0,03
Heptaclo & heptaclo g/l 0,03
epoxit g/l 0,2
Clordan
g/l 2
DDT
Hexaclobenzen g/l 1
Lindan g/l 2
Methoxyclo g/l 20
2,4-diclophenoxy acetic
g/l 50
acide
Hydrocacbon thm a
0,2
vong
Nhiem xa tong Bq/l 0,1
Nhiem xa tong Bq/l 1
- Ch tieu vi sinh
Ch tieu Gia tr

Chai trang 13
Coliform tong/100ml 0
Coliform faecal/100ml 0
E.coli/100ml 0
Sulphite-Reducing Clostrida/100ml 0
Faecal Streptococal/100ml 0
PHAN II : QUY TRNH CONG

NGHE X LY
1. CAC S O KHOI VE HE THONG X LY

Chai trang 14
Gieng
bm
Thap lam
thoang va
be on nh
Bon loc cat

ap lc
Bon cha trung

gian
Hoat HCl, NaOH
Cot trao
hoa
oi ion
Clo
Be cha
nc tho
Hoat Nhiet
Cot loc than hoat
hoa
tnh
Ve sinh
Cot loc tinh 5 Clo / H2O2
m
Kh trung
bang UV
Ve sinh Clo / H2O2
Cot loc tinh
1m
Bon nc
thanh pham

Chai trang 15
Thap lam
thoang va
be on nh
Hoat Nhiet
Cot loc than
hoa
hoat tnh
Ve sinh
m
Kh trung
bang UV
Ve sinh Clo / H2O2
Cot loc tinh
1m

Chai trang 16
Bon loc cat

ap lc
Bon nc
thanh pham

Chai trang 17
Gieng
bm
Clo
Be cha
nc tho

Chai trang 18
2. LA CHON QUY TRNH, CONG NGHE X LY
Gieng
bm
Thap lam thoang va

be on nh
Bon loc cat

ap lc
Bon cha
trung gian
Hoat HCl, NaOH
Cot trao
hoa
oi ion
Clo
Be cha
nc tho
Hoat Nhiet
Cot loc than hoat
hoa
tnh
Ve sinh
m
Kh trung
bang UV
Ve sinh Clo / H2O2
Cot loc tinh
1m
Bon nc
thanh pham
Thuyet minh quy trnh cong nghe :
Nc t gieng bm c a len thap lam thoang
roi ri xuong be on nh. Sau o nc c bm a
qua cot loc ap lc va di vao be cha nc trung gian.
Nc se c bm a qua cot trao oi ion roi di vao
be cha nc tho, trc khi vao be nc tho nc
c kh trung bang clo trong ng ong. Nc trong
be co the cap nc cho sinh hoat hay ra loc.Tiep
tuc, nc c bm a qua cot loc than hoat tnh, cot
loc tinh 5m, thiet b kh trung UV, cot loc can 1m

Chai trang 19
va cuoi cung la i vao bon nc thanh pham cap
cho he thong ong chai.
PHAN III : TNH TOAN CHI TIET

CAC CONG TRNH
1. TNH TOAN THIET KE CAC CONG TRNH CHNH
Lu lng can x ly Qxl = 1 m3/h, chon he so khong
ieu hoa K = 1,5 va thi gian lam viec trong ngay la
t = 8 h.
Lu lng thiet ke la Q = Qxl . K = 1,5 m3/h = 1,5.8 = 12
m3/ngay.
Cac thong so au vao cua nc ngam :
- ham lng sat tong : 10 mg/l (Fe2+ = 6 mg/l).
- pH = 6.
- o oxy hoa = 4 mg/l.
- ham lng Cl- = 850 mg/l.
- H2S = 0, NH4 < 1 mg/l.
- o kiem = 1,5 mlg/l = 1,5 meq/l.
1.1 Gieng bm :
Co nhiem vu lay nc ngam len cung cap cho
cac cong trnh pha sau. Chieu sau lay nc la
60 m. Chon loai bm chm co ap lc ay H b = 70 m
cong suat bm la :
1,5
103.70.
.H b.Q 3600 0,4 kW
N
102.1.2 102.0,8.0,9
chon bm co N = 1 hp = 0,75 kW
1.2 Thap lam thoang nc va be on nh :

Nhiem vu :
Thung gio nc : cap khong kh nham tang
cng oxy hoa tan tao ieu kien e oxy hoa
Fe2+ thanh Fe3+.
Be on nh : e on nh nc sau lam thoang.
Nguyen tac hoat ong : nc t gieng bm
thap lam thoang co he thong phan phoi va
san go tiep xuc. Ngoai ra ben hong thap co
bo tr quat gio thoi ngc chieu vi nc. Sau
o nc ri xuong be on nh.
Tnh toan :

Chai trang 20
- Nhu cau oxy hoa sat = o oxy hoa + 0,15Fe 2+ +
0,47H2S
nhu cau oxy hoa sat = 4 + 0,15.6 + 0,47.0 = 4,9
mg/l
44.K
- Lng CO2 co trong nc ban au : Co
K 1.10pH
K : o kiem trong nc = 1,5 meq/l.

K1 : hang so phan ly bac 1 cua H2CO3 = 4,37.10-3
: lc ion cua dung dch = 0,022.
pH : o pH nc ngam.
44.1,5
Co 108,83 mg/l
4,37.10 .106
7 0,022
Ham lng oxy hoa tan hay ham lng oxy sau
lam thoang :
K
[K 2t(1 D )]
1 e R
CO2 Co (Cs Co )
KD
1
R
Co : ham lng oxy trong nc ngam ban
au = 0 mg/l.
Cs : ham lng oxy bao hoa 25 oC = 8,4
mg/l.
K2 : he so tach kh ky thuat = 0,022.
t : thi gian lu nc va kh = 180 s.
KD : he so truyen kh cua O2 25oC =
0,03615.
Q kk
R 20 : ty le gio nc
Qn
0,03615
0,02.180(1 )
1 e 20
CO2 8,4 8,16mg/l.
0,03615
1
20
Ham lng CO2 sau lam thoang :
KD
[K 2t(1 )]
1 e R
CCO2 Co (Cs Co ) 1,6.Fe2
K
1 D
R
Co : ham lng oxy trong nc ngam ban au =
108,83 mg/l.
Cs : ham lng CO2 bao hoa 25oC = 1 mg/l.
K2 : he so tach kh ky thuat = 0,022.
t : thi gian lu nc va kh = 180 s.
KD : he truyen kh cua CO2 25oC = 0,84.

Chai trang 21
0,84
0,02.180.(1 )
1 e 20
CCO2 108,83 (1 108,83) 1,6.6 17,38 mg/l
0,84
1
20
o kiem sau lam thoang : K s=K
0,036Fe2+=1,5 0,036.6=1,25
pH sau lam thoang :

44.K s 44.1,25
pH lg lg 0,022 6,72
K 1CCO2 4,31.10 7.17,38
- Chon chieu cao thap lam thoang dang hop hnh
ch nhat co kch la : L x B x H = 2 m x 1,5m x 2m.
Trong thap bo tr 2 san tiep xuc bang go co
uc lo tron phan bo eu theo mat bang san
(ng knh lo = 20 mm) va khoang cach cac lo
la 20 mm.
- Chon chieu day san chon la 20 mm va 2
san at cach nhau 0,5 m. Chon khoang cach
t san en he thong phan phoi nc la
0,5 m.
- Chon he thong phan phoi nc co dang xng
ca vi ng knh ong chnh = 40 mm. Cac ong
phan phoi co uc lo ( lo 20 mm). Moi ong
nhanh co ng knh 40 mm va at cach nhau 40
2
mm. So ong nhanh la : 25ong.
0,8
- Chon be on nh dang hnh ch nhat kch
thc :
L x B x H = 2,5m x 2m x 1m the tch be V = 5 m3.
1.3 Bon loc cat ap lc :

Nhiem vu : loc ket tua sat va can l lng co
trong nc va ngay ca vi sinh vat trong nc.
Cau tao :
- Hnh dang bon loc : than hnh tru tron, ay
va nap la mat e-lip
- Vat lieu loc che tao bon : Thep hoac
Composite.
- Toc o loc t 8 20 m/h.
- Vat lieu loc : cat thach anh, chieu day t 1
1,5 m.
- Lp soi : 0,2 0,4 m.
- Suat gian n cua bon loc : 20 25%.
Nguyen tac hoat ong : nc t be on nh
se c bm vao bon loc qua pheu phan phoi

Chai trang 22
loc. Sau o nc se qua lp cat loc va c
he thong thu loc ay a ra ngoai.
Tnh toan :
- Chon chieu day lp cat loc h v = 1,2 m, cat
loc co ng knh tng ng dt = 0,9 mm. Chon
van toc loc v = 9 m/h.
Q 1,5
dien tch loc : F 0,166 m2
v 9
4.F 4.0,166
ng knh bon loc : D 0,46 m
3,14
- Chieu cao phan than bon loc : H = h n + hv + h
hn = 0,5 m : chieu cao lp nc tren lp cat
loc (t 0,4 0,6m).
hv = 1,2 m : chieu cao lp cat loc (t 1,0 1,5
m oi vi cat co dt=0,9 mm).
h = 0,5 m : chieu cao lp soi + v co
uc lo ng knh 20 mm (be day 20 mm).
H = 2,2 m
- He thong thu nc va phan phoi ra loc :
F.q
Lu lng can thiet e ra bon loc : Qr
1000
Chon q =10 l/m2.s la cng o ra loc e
o gian n = 10% 25 oC. Va F : dien tch
loc (m2)
0,166.10.3600
Qr 5,976 m3/h.
1000
Chon ng knh ong dan nc chnh D c = 42
mm
Dien tch ong chnh la
.D2 3,14.0,0422
F c c
1,385.10 3 m2
4 4
Van toc trong ong chnh khi ra la
Qr 5,976
vc 1,2 m/s
Fc 1,385.10 3.3600
Chon dan thu nc theo kieu xng ca vi
ng knh ong chnh 100 mm dien tch ong
thu chnh la :
3,14.0,12
Ftc 7,85.10 3 m2
4
Chon ong nhanh la ong uc lo co ng
knh 42 mm, khoang cach gia 2 tam ong
nhanh la 0,15 m va chon chieu dai moi ong
nhanh la 0,15 m. ng knh lo thng chon
10 mm.

Chai trang 23
2
Flo 3,14.0,01 7,85.10 5 m2
4
Tong dien tch lo la ( quy pham
Flo (0,3 0,35).Ftc )
F 0,3.Ftc 0,3.7,85.10 3 2,355
.10 3 m2
lo
Flo 2,355.103
Tong so lo 30 lo.
Flo 7,85.10 5
D.2 0,46.2
So ong nhanh 6 ong.
0,2 0,15
Lu lng ra cho moi ong nhanh la
Qr 5,976
qn 0,996 m3/h.
n 6
van toc trong ong nhanh khi ra la

4.qn 4.0,996
vn 0,2 m/s
.d2n 3,14.0,0422.3600
- Chu ky loc : da vao ton that ap lc (TTAL)
khi loc
Ta co : TTAL = Hvl + H + Hong
Hvl : TTAL qua lp loc = 6,21 m.
H : TTAL qua lp soi = 0,22.h .v = 0,22.0,5.9
= 0,99 m.
Hong : TTAL ng ong dan nc = 0,2 m.
TTAL = 7,5 m = 0,75at
Vay khi ong ho o ap lc trong bon loc = 0,75
at th ta phai ngng loc va tien hanh ra loc.
- Chon ng knh ong xa kh d xk = 27 mm dai
0,5 m.
- Tnh pheu thu nc : chon van to nc qua
pheu la v = 0,05 m/s
5,976
Q
dien tch pheu : S r 3600 0,0332m2
v 0,05

mat khac S h R r
2
vi h : chieu cao phieu , chon = 150 mm.
R : ban knh ln.
r : ban knh nho = ng knh ong
vao = 21 mm.
2.S 2.0,0332
R r 0,021 0,12m = 120 mm.
h. 0,15.3,14
1.4 Bon cha trung gian

Chai trang 24
Nhiem vu : dung cha nc sau loc ap lc va
c bm cap cho cac cong trnh sau.
Cau tao : lam bang inox day 2 mm, bon hnh tru
tron co the tch be la : V = 5 m3. Bon at
nam ngang co ng knh Db = 1,5 m va chieu
cao bon Hb = 2,8 m.
1.5 Cot trao oi ion

Nhiem vu : can x ly nc co ham lng Cl - =
850 mg/l xuong gia tr nho hn 200 mg/l (theo
tieu chuan nc uong ong chai th ham lng
cua Cl- < 250 mg/l). Ta co nong o ng lng
Cl- can trao oi la :
850 200
18,31 meq/l.
Cl - 35,5
- Thiet ke cot Cation :
Chon loai nha cation R-H Purolite C100-H co ac
tnh :
Dung lng trao oi thap nhat la as = 1,8 eq/l,
chon as = 2 eq/l.
Nhiet o lam viec toi a : Tomax = 140oC.
Chon thi gian tai sinh la tts = 24 gi.
Q.tts.Cation
The tch nha can thiet la : V
as
Q : cong suat thiet ke = 1,5 m3/h.
Cation = Anion = Cl- = 18,31 meq/l.
1,5.24.18,31.103
V 0,33 m3
2
Chon ng knh cot R-H = 0,6 m
2
3,14.0,6
F 0,283 m2
4
V 0,33
Chieu cao lp nha cation la H 1,2 m.
F 0,283
Chon chieu cao bao ve lp nha la H bv = 0,5.H
(quy pham t 0,4.H en 0,5.H). Hbv = 0,5.1,2 =
0,6 m
Chieu cao cot trao oi ion : H = Hbv + Hnha + H
Hnha : chieu cao lp nha = 1,2 m.
H :chieu cao lp soi + v (day 20 mm)
= 0,4 m.
H = 2,2 m.
- Thiet ke cot Anion :
Chon loai nha cation R-OH A400 co ac tnh :
Dung lng trao oi thap nhat la as = 1,3 eq/l,
chon as = 1,5 eq/l.

Chai trang 25
Nhiet o lam viec toi a : Tomax = 60oC
Chon thi gian tai sinh la tts =24 gi.
The tch nha can thiet la :
Q.tts. Anion 1,5.24.18,31.103
V 0,439 m3
as 1,5
Chon ng knh cot R-OH = 0,7 m
2
3,14.0,7
F 0,385 m2
4
V 0,439
Chieu cao lp nha cation la H F 0,385 1,2 m.
Chon chieu cao bao ve lp nha la H bv = 0,5.H
(quy pham t 0,4.H en 0,5.H). Hbv = 0,5.1,2 =
0,6 m.
Chieu cao cot trao oi ion : H = Hbv + Hnha + H
Hnha : chieu cao lp nha = 1,2 m.
H :chieu cao lp + v = 0,4 m.
H = 2,2 m.
Tnh lng hoa chat hoan nguyen :
Cot Cation :
Trc khi hoan nguyen, ta can phai tien
hanh ra ngc nhanh. Lng nc ra
cot Cation la : qr = q.F.t
q: cng o ra = 10 m/h (quy pham t 7
11 m /h).
t : thi gian ra = 10 phut (quy pham t 5
20 m /h).
F : dien tch loc cot Cation =0,283 m2
10.0,283.10
qr 0,472m3
60
Lng HCl can thiet e hoat hoa cot R-H : mHCl
= as.Vn.Cl
as : dung lng trao oi cua nha cation = 2
eq/l.
Vn : the tch tang nha R-H = 330 lt nha.
qhn : van toc hoan nguyen cua HCl =1 m/h
(quy pham t 0,5 en 1,8 m/h ).
thn : thi gian hoan nguyen = 30 phut = 0,5
gi.
Cl : ng lng Cl- = 35,5 g/eq.
mHCl = 2.330.35,5= 23,43 kg.
chon ty le hoa chat hoan nguyen = 1,2
mHCl = 23,43.1,2 = 28,116 kg.
chon nong o HCl hoat hoa la 5%
mHCl .100 28,116.100
mddHCl 566,32kg
C% 5

Chai trang 26
mddHCl
The tch dung dch HCl la : V

Vi la khoi lng rieng cua dung dch =
1 tan/m3
566,32
V 0,56 m3
103
chon the tch thiet b ng dung dch HCl la
V = 0,8 m3.
Sau khi hoan nguyen, ta phai tien hanh ra
cot loc bang nc :
Ra cham trc vi cng o q = 1 m/h
(qui pham t 0,5 en 1,8 m/h) trong thi gian
1 gi. Lng nc ra cham la :
qrc 1.0,283.1 0,283 m3
Ra nhanh sau vi cng o q = 7 m/h (qui
pham t 2 en 11 m/h)trong thi gian 1 gi.
Lng nc ra nhanh la :
qrn 7.0,283.1 1,981 m3
Cot Anion :
Trc khi hoan nguyen, ta can phai tien
hanh ra ngc nhanh. Lng nc ra cot
Anion la : qr = q.F.t
q: cng o ra = 6 m/h (quy pham t 5
7,5 m /h).
t : thi gian ra = 10 phut (quy pham t 5
20 m /h).
F : dien tch loc cot Cation =0, 385 m 2
6.0,385.10
qr 0,385m3
60
Lng NaOH can thiet e hoat hoa cot R-OH
la :
mNaOH = as.Vn.Cl
as : dung lng trao oi cua nha cation
= 1,5 eq/l.
Vn : the tch nha con anion = 0,439 m3
vhn : van toc hoan nguyen cua NaOH
=1,5 m /h.
3
NaOH : ng lng NaOH = 40 g/eq.

thn : thi gian hoan nguyen = 45 phut
= 0,75 gi.
mNaOH = 1,5.439.40 = 26,34 kg.
chon ty le hoa chat hoan nguyen = 1,2.
mNaOH = 26,34.1,2 = 31,608 kg.
chon nong o NaOH hoat hoa la 5%

Chai trang 27
mNaOH.100 31,608.100
mddNaOH 632,16 kg
C% 5
m
The tch dung dch NaOH la : V ddNaOH

Vi la khoi lng rieng cua dung dch =
1 tan/m3
632,16
V 0,63 m3
103
chon the tch thiet b ng dung dch NaOH
la V = 0,8 m3.
Sau khi hoan nguyen, ta phai tien hanh ra
cot loc bang nc :
Ra cham trc vi cng o q = 4 m/h
trong thi gian 30 phut = 0,5 gi. Lng
nc ra cham la :
qrc 4.0,385.0,5 0,77 m3
Ra nhanh sau vi cng o q = 16 m/h
trong thi gian 20 phut. Lng nc ra
nhanh la :
16.0,385.20
qrn 2,053 m3
60
Tong lng nc ra la Qr = 5,944 m3 trong 190
phut.
Chon bm co lu lng Q = 6 m 3/h va cot ap Hb
= 10 m.
6,1332
Q
dien tch pheu : S r 3600 0,034 m2
v 0,05

mat khac S h R r
2
h : chieu cao phieu, chon = 150 mm.
R : ban knh ln.
r : ban knh nho = ng knh ong vao =
21 mm
2.S 2.0,034
R r 0,021 0,124m = 124 mm.
h. 0,15.3,14
1.6 Be cha nc tho

Nhiem vu : dung e cha nc at tieu chuan
sinh hoat. Trc khi qua be ngi ta cham clorin
vao ng ong e kh trung nc.
Tnh toan :
The tch be : V = Q.t, chon thi gian lu nc t =
8 gi

Chai trang 28
V = 1,5.8 = 12 m3
Chon kch thc be : L x B x H = 3m x 2m x 2m
Lng clorin cham kh trung la
a.Q 0,5.1,5
Y 7,5.10 4 kg/h
1000 1000
Y = 7,85.10-4.8 = 6,28.10-3 kg/ngay.
1.7 Cot loc than hoat tnh

Nhiem vu : hap phu clo, hp chat clo, chat hu
c (humic, fulvic), hp chat mui. Ngoai ra, no
con loai tr c thuoc tr sau, kim loai nang
co trong nc.
Tnh toan :
- Chon van toc loc trong cot la v = 8 m/h dien
tch cot loc la :
Q 1,5
F 0,2 m2
v 8
4.F 4.0,2
- ng knh cot loc la D 0,5 m
3,14
- Chieu cao than cot loc than hoat tnh : H = h n +
h t + h
hn : chieu cao lp nc pha tren = 0,5 m
ht : chieu cao lp than (co d t = 1 2 mm) = 1,2
m
h : chieu cao lp soi (co c hat 5 -20 mm)
+ tam v (day 20mm) = 0,5m.
H = 2,2 m.
Lu lng nc ra :
- He thong thu nc va phan phoi ra loc :
Lu lng can thiet e ra bon loc :
Chon thi gian ra la tr =10 phut (chon
trong khoang 9 en 15 phut).
Chon cng o ra la qr = 10 l/m2.s (chon
trong khoang 8 en 12 l/m2.s).
Lng nc ra la : Vr qr .tr .F 10.10.60.0,2 1200 l
= 1,2 m3
Vr 1,2.60
Lu lng ra la Qr 7,2 m3/h.
tr 10
Chon ng knh ong dan nc chnh D c = 40

mm.
Dien tch ong chnh la
.D2 3,14.0,042
F c c
1,256.10 3 m2
4 4
Van toc trong ong chnh khi ra la

Chai trang 29
Qr 7,2
vc 1,59 m/s
Fc 1,256.10 3.3600
Chon dan thu nc theo kieu xng ca vi
ng knh ong chnh 100 mm dien tch ong
thu chnh la :
3,14.0,12
Ftc 7,85.10 3 m2
4
Chon ong nhanh la ong uc lo co ng
knh 40 mm, khoang cach gia 2 tam ong
nhanh la 0,15 m va chon chieu dai moi ong
nhanh la 0,15 m. ng knh lo thng chon
10 mm.
2
Flo 3,14.0,01 7,85.10 5 m2
4
Tong dien tch lo la ( quy pham
Flo (0,3 0,35).Ftc )
F 0,3.Ftc 0,3.7,85.10 3 2,355
.10 3 m2
lo
Flo 2,355.103
Tong so lo 30 lo
Flo 7,85.10 5
D.2 0,5.2
So ong nhanh n 6,6 ~7 ong
0,2 0,15
Lu lng ra cho moi ong nhanh la :
Q r 7,2
qn 1,03 m3/h
n 7
van toc trong ong nhanh khi ra la
4.qn 4.1,03
vn 0,23 m/s
.d2n 3,14.0,042.3600
Ton that ap lc khi ra cot : HAL = H + Ht
Chon thi gian hoan nguyen thn = 32 gi
Tai sinh than bang nhiet :
Say kho 100oC trong 15 phut.
Nung nhiet o t 100 oC 800oC trong 15
phut.
7,2
Q
dien tch pheu : S r 3600 0,04 m2
v 0,05

mat khac S h R r
2
h : chieu cao phieu, chon = 150 mm.
R : ban knh ln.
r : ban knh nho = ng knh ong vao =
21 mm.

Chai trang 30
2.S 2.0,04
R r 0,021 0,150m = 150 mm.
h. 0,15.3,14
1.8 Cot loc tinh 5 m

Nhiem vu : gi lai manh vun, can nho va loai
tr cac hat, vi khuan
Nguyen tac hoat ong : nc vao cot loc va
i qua cac loi loc at ben trong th can, hat,
vi khuan co kch thc < 5 m se c g lai
Chon loi loc :
- Thong so kch thc :
ng knh loi loc = 2,5 in = 6,35 cm.
chieu dai loi loc = 10 in = 25,4 cm.
kch thc lo loc = 5 m.
vat lieu loi loc : polypropylen.
- Thong so hoat ong :
nhiet o lam viec toi a Tomax = 70 oC.
30oC th ap lc la 3,4 bar.
hieu qua loc la 90%.
toc o loc v = 19 l/phut 0,1 bar
Q.1000 1,5.1000
- So loi loc trong cot loc n 1,3
60.v 60.19
loi ~2 loi
- Cac loi loc c ve sinh bang Clorin hay H 2O2
sau mot khoang thi gian loc, thng < 15 ngay
(tuy loai).
1.9 Thiet b kh trung UV

Nhiem vu :
Nguyen tac hoat ong :
Chon en CSL-4RTOC do hang US FILTER san xuat
co cac thong so sau :
So bong en : 4
Lu lng toi a : Qmax = 11 gallon/phut = 2,5 m3/h
Ap suat lam viec : Plv = 8,16 bar
Kch thc : L . B . H = 104cm . 28cm . 53cm
1.10 Cot loc can 1 m

Nhiem vu : gi lai manh vun, can nho va loai
tr cac hat, vi khuan
Nguyen tac hoat ong : nc vao cot loc va
i qua cac loi loc at ben trong th can, hat,
vi khuan co kch thc < 1 m se c g lai
Chon loi loc :

Chai trang 31
- Thong so kch thc :
ng knh loi loc = 2,6 in = 6,6 cm.
chieu dai loi loc = 40 in = 101,6 cm.
kch thc lo loc = 1 m.
vat lieu loi loc : polypropylen.
- Thong so hoat ong :
nhiet o lam viec toi a Tomax = 70 oC.
30oC th ap lc la 3,4 bar.
hieu qua loc la 90%.
toc o loc v = 7,6 l/phut 0,1 bar
Q.1000 1,5.1000
- So loi loc trong cot loc n 60.v 60.7,6 3,3
loi ~4 loi.
- Cac loi loc c ve sinh bang Clorin hay H 2O2
sau mot khoang thi gian loc, thng < 15 ngay
(tuy loai).
1.11 Bon cha nc thanh pham

Nhiem vu : cap nc cho day chuyen nc
uong ong chai.
Cau tao : vo bang inox day 2 mm. Chon bon
cha nc co than hnh tru nam ngang, ay
va nap la mat e-lip co the tch V = 10 m 3. Bon
V .4 10.4
co ng knh Db = 2 m H b 2
3,185 m.
.D 3,14.22
2. TNH TOAN CAC CONG TRNH, THIET B PHU

TR
2.1 Tnh bm ra bon loc ap lc
Ton that ap lc (TTAL) khi ra loc : H = h 1 + h2+ h3 +
h4
2,2 v2c v2n
h1 : TTAL qua he thong thu loc = 1
kW 2.g 2.g
kW : ty so gia tong dien tch lo cua he
thong phan phoi chnh va dien tch mat
cat ngang ong thu chnh
3,14.0,042
6.
kW 4 0,96
31,4.0,12
4
2
0,222
h1 1,32
2,2
1 0,3 m.
0,96 2.9,81 2.9,81
h2 : TTAL qua lp vat lieu loc = 6 m (quy pham
t 3 10 m ).
h3 : TTAL qua lp soi = 0,22.h.q.

Chai trang 32
h : chieu cao lp soi = 0,5 m
q : cng o ra loc = 10 l/m2.s
h3 = = 0,22.0,5.10 = 1,1 m.
h4 : TTAL ng ong dan nc chon = 0,2 m.
H =7,6 m.
chon bm ly tam co Hb = 10 m va Q = 5,976 m/h
5,976
103.10.
cong suat bm : N .H b.Q 3600 0,226 kW
102.1.2 102.0,8.0,9
chon bm co cong suat N = 0,5 hp = 0,373
kW.
2.2 Tnh bm ra cot trao oi ion

Chon bm co lu lng Q = 6,5 m 3/h va cot ap Hb =
10 m.
6,5
103.10.
Cong suat bm : N .H b .Q 3600 0,245 kW.

102.1.2 102.0,8.0,9
chon bm co cong suat N = 0,5 hp = 0,373 kW
2.3 Tnh bm ra bon loc than hoat tnh

Ton that ap lc (TTAL) khi ra loc : H = h 1 + h2+ h3 +
h4
2,2 v2 v2
h1 : TTAL qua he thong thu loc = 1 c n
k
W 2.g 2.g
kW : ty so gia tong dien tch lo cua he
thong phan phoi chnh va dien tch mat
cat ngang ong thu chnh
3,14.0,042
7.
kW 4 1,12
31,4.0,12
4
2
0,232
h1 1,59
2,2
1 0,4 m.
1,12 2.9,81 2.9,81
h2 : TTAL qua lp than hoat tnh = 2,5 m
h3 : TTAL qua lp soi = 0,22.h.q.
h : chieu cao lp soi = 0,5 m
q : cng o ra loc = 10 l/m2.s
h3 = = 0,22.0,5.10 = 1,1 m.
h4 : TTAL ng ong dan nc chon = 0,2 m.
H =4,2 m.
chon bm ly tam co Hb = 10 m va Q = 7,2 m/h.

Chai trang 33
7,2
103.10.
cong suat bm : N .H b.Q 3600 0,272 kW.

102.1.2 102.0,8.0,9
chon bm co cong suat N = 0,5 hp = 0,373
kW.
PHAN IV : C TNH GIA THANH

1. CHI PH XAY DNG C BAN
1.1 Gieng bm
So lng : 1

Chai trang 34
Bm co thong so : Q = 1,5 m 3/h va cot ap Hb =
70 m. Cong suat bm la 1 hp do hang EBARA san
xuat chi ph la 7 trieu ong.
1.2 Thap lam thoang va be on nh
Thap lam thoang :
- Lam bang thep CT3 : dai x rong x cao = 2 m x
1,5m x 2m.
- So lng : 1 thap.
Be on nh : lam bang BTCT day 20 mm va co
the tch V = 5 m3.
Quat gio co lu lng Qkk = 15m3kk/h. Cong suat
quat 0,5 hp.
chi ph la 10 trieu ong.
1.3 Bm loc ap lc (bm 1)
So lng : 1
Thong so : cot ap = H b = 40 m, Q = 1,5 m 3/h.cong
suat bm la 1 hp do hang EBARA san xuat chi
ph la 5 trieu ong.
1.4 Cot loc cat ap lc
So lng : 1
Lam bang thep CT3 day 4 mm.
Vat lieu loc : cat thach anh, 1 lp soi , 1 tam
v bang thep.
1.5 Bon cha trung gian
So lng : 1
Lam bang inox day 2 mm.
The tch be V = 5 m3
chi ph la 1,5 trieu ong.
1.6 Bm cho cot trao oi ion (bm 2)
So lng : 1
Thong so : cot ap = H b = 40 m, Q = 1,5 m 3/h.cong
suat bm la 1 hp do hang EBARA san xuat chi
ph la 5 trieu ong.
1.7 Cot trao oi ion
Trao oi :
- Cot Cation bang inox day 2 mm. Nha Cation
Purolite C100-H.
- Cot Anion bang inox day 2 mm. Nha Anion
Purolite A400.
- 2 tam v .
Hoat hoa :

Chai trang 35
- Cot Cation : gom 1 may khuay cong suat 0,5
hp cua hang Hitachi, bon cha dung dch HCl
hoan nguyen co the tch V = 0,8 m 3 va 1 bm
nh lng co cong suat 0,1 hp hieu Black &
White cua My san xuat.
- Cot Cation : gom 1 may khuay cong suat 0,5
hp cua hang Hitachi, bon cha dung dch NaOH
hoan nguyen co the tch V = 0,8 m 3 va 1 bm
nh lng co cong suat 0,1 hp hieu Black &
White cua My san xuat.
1.8 Be cha nc tho
So lng : 1.
Lam bang BTCT day 20 mm.
The tch be V = 12 m3.
chi ph 5 trieu ong.
1.9 Cot trch Clorin
So lng : 1
Lam bang composite.
Bao gom : 1 bm nh lng cong suat 0,1 hp va
1 may khuay cong suat 0,5 hp.
chi ph 5 trieu ong.
1.10 Bm cap nc cho cac cong trnh sau (bm
3)
So lng : 1.
Thong so : cot ap Hb = 40 m, lu lng Q = 1,5
m3/h. Cong suat 1 hp do hang EBARA
chi ph 5 trieu ong.
1.11 Cot loc than hoat tnh
So lng : 1.
Vat lieu loc than hoat tnh, lp soi , tam v
.
chi ph 5 trieu ong.
1.12 Cot loc tinh 5 m
So lng : 1 bo cua hang US Filter..
Vo lam bang inox day 2 mm.
So loi loc : 2.
chi ph 8 trieu ong.
1.13 en kh trung UV
So lng : 1, cua hang US Filter.
Lu lng la 2 m3/h.
chi ph 5 trieu ong.

Chai trang 36
1.14 Cot loc can 1 m

So lng : 1 bo cua hang US Filter..
Vo lam bang inox day 2 mm.
So loi loc : 3.
chi ph 8 trieu ong.
1.15 Bon nc thanh pham
So lng : 1
chi ph 2 trieu ong.
Tong chi ph au t cho xay dng c ban la
: 107.500.000 ong
2. CHI PH VAN HANH, HOA CHAT

2.1 Chi ph van hanh
- Cong nhan quan ly van hanh :
2 ngi x 1.000.000/thang x 12 thang =
24.000.000 ong/nam.
- ien nang tieu thu :
Thi So
So Cong gian ngay
Thiet b l suat hoat hoat
ng (kW) ong / ong /
ngay thang
Gieng bm 1 0,75 8h 30
Quat gio 1 0,373 8h 30
Bm 1 1 0,75 8h 30
Bm 2 1 0,75 8h 30
May khuay bon
1 0,373 8h 30
Clorin
May khuay cot
2 0,373 1h 10
TIon
Bm nh lng
1 0,075 8h 30
Clo
Bm nh lng
1 0,075 1h 10
HCl
Bm nh lng
1 0,075 1h 10
NaOH
Bm 2 1 075 8h 30
Bm ra loc ap
1 0,373 0,5 10
lc
Bm ra cot T
1 0,373 1h 10
Ion
Bm ra loc THT 1 0,373 0,5 10

Chai trang 37
ien nang tieu thu trong thang la = 930 kW.h
Gia ien 1000 ong/kW.h
Chi ph tieu thu ien hang nam la : 930.000
ong/nam.
2.2 Chi ph hoa chat
- Chi ph clorin kh trung :
kg ong
6,28.10 3 x30ngayx
30000 57.000ong/thang.
ngay kg
- Chi ph cho moi lan kh khoang :
kg ong
HCl : 28,116 x30ngayx
12000 3.374.000
3ngay kg
ong/thang.
kg ong
NaOH : 31,608 x30ngayx
5000 1.580.000
3ngay kg
ong/thang.
Chi ph hoa chat hang nam la = 60.132.000
ong/nam.
3. GIA THANH 1 M3 NC THANH PHAM

Tong chi ph au t cho he thong la :
chi ph = CP = 192.562.000 ong.
CP
Gia thanh 1 m3 nc
N.365.Q
Vi N : nien han thiet ke he thong x ly = 5
nam.
Q : lu lng thiet ke =12 m3/ngay.
CP : tong chi ph au t.
192562000
Gia thanh 1 m3 nc 8.800
5.365.12
ong/m3.
KET LUAN : Chat lng nc au ra at yeu cau, chi

ph au t ban dau khong cao lam va gia thanh nc
san pham hp ly.

Chai trang 38
PHU LUC
Bang 1 :
Lng oxy hoa tan bao hoa trong nc khi tong ham
lng muoi < 1000 mg/l
Nhiet o
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
nc (oC)
Cs (mg/l) 9,5 9,4 9,2 9,0 8,8 8,7 8,5 8,4
Bang 2 :
He so KD oi vi cac chat kh
Nhiet o
0 10 20 25 30
(oC)
0,0316
O2 0,0493 0,0398 0,0337 0,0296
5
O3 0,641 0,539 0,395 0,327 0,259
CO2 1,71 1,23 0,842 0,84 0,738
H2S 4,69 3,65 2,87 --- ---
Khong kh 0,0288 0,0234 0,02 0,0189 0,0179
Bang 3 : Hang so phan ly bac 1 cua H2CO3 theo nhiet o

to C 10 20 25 30
K1 3,34.10 -7
4,05.10 -7
4,31.10 -7
4,52.10-7
Bang 3 : Gia tr cng o ra loc (l/m2.s)
o gian n e (%)
Nhiet o (oC)
0,01 10 20 30
10 5,6 8,4 11,5 14,7
20 6,6 10 13,6 17,6
30 7,7 11,6 15,6 20,3

Chai trang 39
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1. Cap nc, tap 2 Ts. Trnh Xuan Lai.
2. Tnh toan thiet ke cac cong trnh trong he thong
cap nc sach Ts. Trnh Xuan Lai.
3. X ly nc cap Ts. Nguyen Ngoc Dung.
4. Hap phu & trao oi ion Le Van Cat.
5. C s hoa hoc & ky thuat x ly nc Le Van
Cat.
6. Tai lieu cap nc Ts. Nguyen Phc Dan.
7. So tay may bm Th.s Le Dung.

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AMH : Tnh Toan Day Chuyen San Xuat Nc ong

PHAN I : TONG QUAN

2. TONG QUAN VE NGUON NC NGAM

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

Nc ngam trong vung a voi, a phan cha

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

3. TONG QUAN CAC PHNG PHAP X LY NC

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

3.1.3 Cac phng phap kh sat khac :

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

NH2Cl + C* + H2O <=> C*O + NH3 + H+ + Cl-

Mg2+ + (SO42- + Cl-) + Ca(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 + Ca+ +

So vi qua trnh kh cng bang voi so a th

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

4. CAC TIEU CHUAN VE NGUON NC

Gia tr gii han

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

4.2 Cac ch tieu nc uong ong chai

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

PHAN II : QUY TRNH CONG

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

Bon loc cat

Bon cha trung

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

Bon loc cat

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

Thap lam thoang va

Bon loc cat

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

PHAN III : TNH TOAN CHI TIET

1.2 Thap lam thoang nc va be on nh :

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

K : o kiem trong nc = 1,5 meq/l.

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

pH sau lam thoang :

1.3 Bon loc cat ap lc :

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

van toc trong ong nhanh khi ra la

1.4 Bon cha trung gian

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

1.5 Cot trao oi ion

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

NaOH : ng lng NaOH = 40 g/eq.

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

1.6 Be cha nc tho

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

1.7 Cot loc than hoat tnh

Chon ng knh ong dan nc chnh D c = 40

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

1.8 Cot loc tinh 5 m

1.9 Thiet b kh trung UV

1.10 Cot loc can 1 m

SVTH : Nguyen Huy Phu GVHD : Phan Xuan Thanh

1.11 Bon cha nc thanh pham