MODULE 18 PART A

Glass Products

Edited/Prepared by:

Arch./Enp. Sylvester D. Seno, uap,piep, page, icomos, pgbi aa+adp, MArch-CTM

 WHAT IS GLASS?
Glass is an amorphous solid material.
Glasses are typically brittle and
optically transparent.

It is most typically used as

transparent glazing material in the
building envelope, including windows
in the external walls.
also used for internal partitions and as
an architectural feature.
 GLASS ingredients

other substances are added

Magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide are added to provide for a better
chemical durability
+
small amount of soda(sodium bicarbonate) to lower its melting point
+
Lime-stone to help stabilize the mixture and ultimately make the glass
stronger and water-resistant
 GLASS ingredients

Soda-14.2% Magnesium oxide - 2.5%

Quartz
sand -72% Lime-stone -10% Aluminum oxide- 0.6%
 GLASS shapes and sizes

Sheet glass - relatively flat, up to 30" wide. Sheet

glass is typically 1/8" (3mm) thick, but thinner and
thicker varieties are available.

Frit - small, irregularly shaped glass pieces, available

in sizes that range from around 1/2" (6mm) in width to
powders.

Stringer - long, thin threads of glass, about 1mm in

diameter and up to around 18 inches (45cm) in
length. Some thicker stringer and related shapes (called
"noodles") are also available from some manufacturers.
 GLASS shapes and size?

Rods - round cylinders of glass, about 4-

5mm in diameter and up to around 18
inches in length

Shards and confetti - slices of glass that

are slightly thicker than a sheet of paper

Cullet, billets- various sizes and shapes

of glass "chunks" used primarily for casting
Glass thickness
1/8" - used in storm windows, picture frames, end tables, insulated units,
etc.

3/16" - used for small table tops, insulated units, small shelves, etc.

1/4" - used in table tops (as protective covering), insulated units, single-
pane windows, lightweight shelves, hand rails, framed shower doors, etc.

3/8" - used in shower doors, table tops, glass walls, glass partitions, hand
rails, door lights, etc.

1/2" - used for shower doors, table tops, glass walls, glass partitions,
hand rails, etc.

3/4" - used for glass doors, mall fronts, table tops, glass floors, etc.
GLAZING the installation of glass panels or parts
thereof
Window glazing is the actual glass part of a window.
Glazing is mounted in the window with the assistance of
glazing putty and a frame which supports the glass and
hold it in place.
 TYPES OF GLASS
FLOAT GLASS
Is a sheet of glass made by
floating molten glass on a bed
of molten metal, typically tin.
This produces a glass which
is flat and distortion free.
Float glass is suitable for
fixed and opening windows
above waist height.
 TOUGHENED/TEMPERED GLASS
A type of safety glass that has
increased strength and will
usually shatter in small, square
pieces when broken.
Produced by applying a special
treatment to ordinary float glass
after it has been cut to size and
finished.
Heating the glass so that it
begins to soften (about 620OC)
and then rapidly cooling it.
 The treatment must be applied
only after all cutting and
processing has been completed, as
once toughened, any attempt to
cut the glass will cause it to
shatter.
It is ideal for glazed doors, low
level windows (for safety) and for
tabletops where it can withstand
high temperature associated with
cooking pots.
LAMINATED GLASS
Laminated glass is made up of a
sandwich of two or more sheets of
glass (or plastic), bonded together
by a flexible, normally transparent
material.
The flexible material (Polyvinyl
butyral) is designed to hold the
glass fragments in place.
Some provide decorative
internal finishes to the glass
while others act as fire breaks.
Tempered or laminated?
 Tempered or laminated?
tempered laminated

very strong and when it has layers between the glass so that
shatters, it disappears glass stays attached to the layer-
into small harmless spider web cracking pattern.
cubes.

The down side is that Repeated blows will eventually

thieves can enter the smash through both layers of glass
building immediately its but requires considerable effort. 3
broken. or 4 blows and they move onto
other targets.
WIRED GLASS
Wired glass incorporates a
wire mesh (usually about
10mm spacing) in the middle
of the glass.
Should be glass crack or
break, the wire tends to hold
the glass together.
Wired glass is generally not
considered a Safety glass as
the glass still breaks with
sharp edges.
 It is ideal for roofing in such areas as a garage or
conservatory where its 'industrial' look is not too
unattractive.
STAINED GLASS
It can refer to coloured Commonly used in churches
glass as a material or to and other places of worship.
works produced from it.
Requires the artistic skill to
conceive an appropriate and
workable design, and the
engineering skills to assemble
the piece. A window must fit
snugly into the space for
which it is made, must resist
wind and rain, and also,
especially in the larger
windows, must support its
own weight.
FROSTED GLASS
Produced by the sand
blasting or acid etching of
clear sheet glass.
To obtain visual privacy
while admitting light.
Decorative patterns may
be imposed upon.
 FROSTED GLASS

produced by the sandblasting or acid etching of clear sheet glass. It has the effect
of rendering the glass translucent by scattering of light during transmission, thus
blurring images while still transmitting light

glass which has been rendered opaque through a process which roughens or
obscures the clear surface of the class.

A sheet of frosted glass is an excellent privacy aid because it admits light without
allowing people to see through it.
 FROSTED GLASS | application

etched glass graphic film

 FROSTED GLASS | application

Etched glass
 FROSTED GLASS | application

Etched glass door

GLASS BLOCK/BRICK
An architectural element
made from glass used in
areas where privacy or visual
obscuration is desired while
admitting light.
Washrooms, and municipal
swimming baths.
 SECURITY GLASS

The term Safety is applied to glazing used to reduce

the risk of accident by impact, fracture, shattering, or in a
fire. The term Security is applied to glazing, which in
addition to Safety, is able to withstand a variety of
deliberate attacks such as manual, ballistic or blast
resistant.

similar to laminated glass

BULLETPROOF GLASS
A type of strong but optically
transparent material that is
particularly resistant to being
penetrated when struck by
bullets.
It is usually made from a
combination of two or more
types of glass (hard and soft).
Use of security laminates as a
film on the inner surface of
ordinary glass.
ANTI-BANDIT GLASS
A laminated product
incorporating a 1.52mm
PVB interlayer. It is this
increased thickness of
interlayer which foils
attacks from such items as
bricks, hammers and axes.
It is essential that anti-
bandit glass is held captive in
a suitable framing system
to prevent the glass
evacuating the building
when subjected to an attack.
ROLLED GLASS
Rolled glass is made by
patterned rollers which roll
over glass plates while they
are still hot and moldable.
It not only provides
function of visual screen
but also creates aesthetic
senses of changing lights
and shades.
It can be used in furniture,
show shelves, areas where
visual screen is required, like
bathrooms, doors and windows
and decorative illuminations.
SELF-CLEANING GLASS
A type of glass with a special
thin photocatalytic coating on
one side.
This coating uses the
ultraviolet rays from the sun
to steadily break down any
organic dirt on the surface
using the photocatalytic effect
and thus loosen the dirt from
the glass.