MODULE 9:

Steel Reinforcing
Bars (Rebars)
Prepared by: Arch./Enp. Sylvester D. Seno, uap, piep, page, icomos,
pgbi aa+adp, MArch-CTM
Whats the
importance of
having steel
reinforcement in
concrete?
 Rebar
Also known as reinforcing
bar, deformed bar
Tensioning device for
reinforced concrete and
reinforced masonry
From carbon steel
Ridges or lugs for
anchoring into concrete

STEEL AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION - Lecture 3

Prepared by: Arch. /Enp. Sylvester D. Seno, uap, piep, MArch-CTM
4
 Rebar sizes
Length usually 6 m long (mininum)
Strength indicated by color

5
 Rebar sizes
IMPERIAL (English) = SI (French)
No. 2 = 2/8 = 8 mm (diam.)
No. 3 = 3/8 = 10 mm
No. 4 = 4/8 = 12 mm
No. 5 = 5/8 = 16 mm
No. 6 = 6/8 = 20 mm
No. 7 = 7/8 = 22 mm
No. 8 = 8/8 = 25 mm
No. 9 = 9/8 = 30 mm
NOTE: As the building goes higher, the number and
diameter sizes to be used for the rebars also
INCREASE. 6
Parts of a rebar

Bar Size No. 11is

based from IMPERIAL
sizing (see next
slides)

STEEL AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION - Lecture 7

Prepared by: Arch. /Enp. Sylvester D. Seno, uap, piep, MArch-CTM
COLOR CODE-REBARS
Grade 230 (Gr33)
o Weldability : Regular
o Color Code: White
o Mechanical Properties:
Yield Strength - 230 MPa
Tensile Strength - 390 MPa
o Diameters :
10mm
12mm
16mm
20mm
25mm
o Lengths : 6m / 7.5m / 9m / 10.5m / 12m

YIELD STRENGTH is different from TENSILE STRENGTH. Yield Strength refers to the point
where a steel shows signs of deformation (in its cross-section) when subjected to tensile
stresses, while Tensile Strength is the time when the steel breaks when subjected further to
additional tensile stress. 8
Grade 275 (Gr40)
o Weldability : Regular Weldable
o Color Code: Regular - Yellow
Weldable - Yellow & Red
o Mechanical Properties:
Regular: Yield Strength - 275 MPa
Tensile Strength - 480 MPa
TS/YS Ratio - Below 1.25 MPa
Weldable: Yield Strength - 275 MPa
Tensile Strength - 390 MPa
TS/YS Ratio - 1.25 MPa Above
o Diameters :
10mm
12mm
16mm
20mm
25mm
28mm
32mm
36mm
o Lengths : 6m / 7.5m / 9m / 10.5m / 12m / 13.5m / 15m

STEEL AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION - Lecture 9

Prepared by: Arch. /Enp. Sylvester D. Seno, uap, piep, MArch-CTM
Grade 415 (Gr60)
o Weldability : Regular Weldable
o Color Code: Regular - Green
Weldable - Green & Red
o Mechanical Properties:
Regular: Yield Strength - 415 MPa
Tensile Strength - 620 MPa
TS/YS Ratio - Below 1.25 MPa
Weldable: Yield Strength - 415 to 540 MPa
Tensile Strength - 520 MPa
TS/YS Ratio - 1.25 MPa Above
o Diameters :
10mm
12mm
16mm
20mm
25mm
28mm
32mm
36mm
o Lengths : 6m / 7.5m / 9m / 10.5m / 12m / 13.5m / 15m

STEEL AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION - Lecture 10

Prepared by: Arch. /Enp. Sylvester D. Seno, uap, piep, MArch-CTM
 COLOR Marking at the end
of each rebar (as displayed in
230 Mpa or 33 Ksi (Yield
Strength) Rebar grading the hardware/stores)

11
 *PNS Philippine National Standards (based in the
Philippines)

*ASTM American Society for Testing Materials

(based in the U.S.)

NOTE: These are the government agencies which

are tasked to provide standard procedures in testing
of different materials (like for building construction
materials).

STEEL AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION - Lecture 12

Prepared by: Arch. /Enp. Sylvester D. Seno, uap, piep, MArch-CTM
 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
OF STRUCTURAL STEEL

Yield Strength
strength at which the steel
section begins to deform

Ultimate Strength
strength at which the steel
breaks already

STEEL AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION - Lecture 13

Prepared by: Arch. /Enp. Sylvester D. Seno, uap, piep, MArch-CTM


Ductile steel is SAFE TO USE since it gives ample time

(grace period) / warning to the inhabitants of a building
to vacate the building which just underwent a damage.

Brittle steel is UNSAFE and UNFIT for use since building

immediately snaps and crumbles down, without giving
any warning to the inhabitants to evacuate the building.
14
Thicker rebar
Thinner rebar

Anilyo / steel wrap

Wires

15
 NOMENCLATURE OF A SIMPLE REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

MAIN REBARS
(Vertical rebars
CONCRETE columns /
Horizontal top and
bottom bars-
beams)
TIES (for
columns)
STIRRUPS (for
beams) with
STANDARD HOOPS
G.I. WIRES
Concrete: (tying the MAIN
Minimum thickness 75 REBARS with the
mm (3 thick cover) TIES/STIRRUPS
together)
STEEL AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION - Lecture
Prepared by: Arch. /Enp. Sylvester D. Seno, uap, piep, MArch-CTM
 NOMENCLATURE OF A SIMPLE REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM (continued)

The CONCEPT behind the use of TIES /

STIRRUPS + STANDARD HOOKS
Holds the vertical rebars (columns) and top / bottom bars (beams)

Like the Raffia Broom

stick (walis tingting)

STEEL AND CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION - Lecture 17

Prepared by: Arch. /Enp. Sylvester D. Seno, uap, piep, MArch-CTM
Steel sickness: Rust
Causes
Nearness to sea water
Steel used is unfinished

Effects
Amount of steel lessened
Structural collapse

Solutions
Coat with epoxy
Reinforce with polymer fiber
Galvanize (coat with zinc)

18
 Types of Steel Reinforcement
Welded Wire A heavier fabrication of
welded wire fabric can be
Fabric used in walls and
is made from a series structural floor slabs.
of steel wires arranged at
right angles and
electrically welded at all
steel wires crossings.
Welded wire fabric, also
known as WWF, can be
used in slab-on-ground
slabs, where the ground
has been well compacted.
Sheet-Metal
Reinforcing Bars
is commonly used in
floor slabs, stairs and roof
construction. Sheet-metal
reinforcing is composed of
annealed sheet steel pieces
bent into corrugations about
1/16 inch depth, with holes
punched at regular spacing.
Stainless Steel cost-effective solution
Reinforcing Bars in areas subject to
can be used as an corrosion problems, or
alternative reinforcing where repair is difficult
steel bars with carbon and expensive.
steel reinforcement.
Using stainless steel
reinforcing bars will not
create galvanic
corrosion, and can be a
 Expanded Metal required, or to reinforced light
concrete construction.
and Wire Mesh Wire mesh reinforcement can be
Reinforcement used on sidewalks, small concrete
pads or walkable surfaces that do
is also another good reinforcement
not receive high live nor load
product for concrete.
charges.
Expanded metal is made by
shearing a sheet of steel into
parallel lines and the expanded to
form a diamond shape or square
shape between each cut.

Expanded metal is commonly used

as reinforcement in areas where
great thickness of plaster is
 Plain rebars (smooth)
Does not contain any surface
deformities, unlike standard
structural deformed rebars.
These are used as dowel pins
in joining two structural
elements together, through
holes on each of the said
elements.
 Other Types of Reinforcing Bars
Starter Bars
These processed bars are
normally used to tie reinforced
masonry or concrete walls to slabs
or footings.
Image showing manual bending of a
steel rebar.
Standard hooks in Steel rebars
(used as anchorage)

The term standard hook shall mean:

A 180-degrees bend plus an extension of at least 4
diameter of bar, but not less than 2 at free end of
bar, or
A 90-degrees bend plus an extension of at least 12
diameter of a bar at free end of bar, or

For stirrups and tie hooks only, either a 90-degrees or

135 degrees bend plus an extension of at least 6
diameter of a bar but not less than 2 at free end
of bar.
Corner Bars
These bars are
used to tie together
two elements of a
structure that are at
right angles to each
other, such as walls,
slabs or beams.
Ligatures Square
used to separate Rectangle
top and bottom layers
of Trench Mesh in
residential slabs or for
fabricating beam or
column cages.

Common shapes: