Bài giảng tư vấn giám sát

Chuyn 2: Nghip v gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh (8 tit)
1. Ni dung gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh: gim st cht lng, gim st khi
lng, gim st tin thi cng, gim st an ton lao ng v mi trng xy dng trong thi
cng xy dng cng trnh
2. T chc cng tc gim st thi cng xy dng trn cng trng
3. Quy trnh, phng php v bin php kim tra, gim st
4. Kim tra iu kin khi cng xy dng cng trnh
5. Kim tra s ph hp nng lc ca nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh vi h s
d thu v hp ng xy dng
6. Kim tra cht lng vt t, vt liu v thit b trc khi lp t vo cng trnh
7. Kim tra v gim st trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng cng trnh
8. Nghim thu cng vic xy dng, b phn cng trnh, giai on xy dng, nghim
thu hon thnh hng mc cng trnh v cng trnh xy dng
9. Xc nh khi lng thi cng xy dng
10. Lp h s hon thnh cng trnh
11. H thng qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng ca nh thu, ban qun l d n
v t vn qun l d n
12. Gii thiu m hnh qun l cht lng theo ISO 9000
Chuyn 2:
Nghip v gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh
Ngi son : PGS L Kiu
1. Ni dung gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh:
Ni dung cng tc gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh bao gm:
a) Kim tra cc iu kin khi cng cng trnh xy dng theo quy
nh ti Lut Xy dng;
b) Kim tra s ph hp nng lc ca nh thu thi cng xy dng cng
trnh vi h s d thu v hp ng xy dng, bao gm:
- Kim tra v nhn lc, thit b thi cng ca nh thu thi cng xy
dng cng trnh a vo cng trng;
- Kim tra h thng qun l cht lng ca nh thu thi cng xy dng
cng trnh;
- Kim tra giy php s dng cc my mc, thit b, vt t c yu cu
an ton phc v thi cng xy dng cng trnh;
- Kim tra phng th nghim v cc c s sn xut vt liu, cu
kin, sn phm xy dng phc v thi cng xy dng ca nh thu thi
cng xy dng cng trnh.
c) Kim tra v gim st cht lng vt t, vt liu v thit b lp t vo
cng trnh do nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh cung cp theo yu
cu ca thit k, bao gm:
- Kim tra giy chng nhn cht lng ca nh sn xut, kt qu th
nghim ca cc phng th nghim hp chun v kt qu kim nh cht
lng thit b ca cc t chc c c quan nh nc c thm quyn cng
nhn i vi vt liu, cu kin, sn phm xy dng, thit b lp t
vo cng trnh trc khi a vo xy dng cng trnh;
- Khi nghi ng cc kt qu kim tra cht lng vt liu, thit b lp
t vo cng trnh do nh thu thi cng xy dng cung cp th ch
u t thc hin kim tra trc tip vt t, vt liu v thit b lp t
vo cng trnh xy dng.
d) Kim tra v gim st trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng cng
trnh, bao gm:
- Kim tra bin php thi cng ca nh thu thi cng xy dng cng
trnh;
- Kim tra v gim st thng xuyn c h thng qu trnh nh thu thi
cng xy dng cng trnh trin khai cc cng vic ti hin trng. Kt qu
kim tra u phi ghi nht k gim st ca ch u t hoc bin bn kim
tra theo quy nh;
- Xc nhn bn v hon cng;
- T chc nghim thu cng trnh xy dng theo quy nh ti iu
23 ca Ngh nh ny;
- Tp hp, kim tra ti liu phc v nghim thu cng vic xy dng,
b phn cng trnh, giai on thi cng xy dng, nghim thu thit b,
nghim thu hon thnh tng hng mc cng trnh xy dng v hon
thnh cng trnh xy dng;
- Pht hin sai st, bt hp l v thit k iu chnh hoc yu
cu nh thu thit k iu chnh;
- T chc kim nh li cht lng b phn cng trnh, hng mc cng
trnh v cng trnh xy dng khi c nghi ng v cht lng;
- Ch tr, phi hp vi cc bn lin quan gii quyt nhng vng mc,
pht sinh trong thi cng xy dng cng trnh.
2. Ni dung gim st cht lng thi cng xy dng cng trnh ca ch
u t i vi hnh thc tng thu:
a) Trng hp thc hin hnh thc tng thu thi cng xy dng v
tng thu thit k, cung ng vt t thit b, thi cng xy dng cng
trnh (EPC):
+ Kim tra cc iu kin khi cng cng trnh xy dng theo quy
nh ti Lut Xy dng;
+ Kim tra s ph hp nng lc ca nh thu thi cng xy dng cng
-Kim tra v nhn lc, thit b thi cng ca nh thu thi cng xy
cng trnh;
+ Kim tra v gim st cht lng vt t, vt liu v thit b lp t vo
cng trnh do nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh cung cp theo yu
cu ca thit k, bao gm:
- Kim tra giy chng nhn cht lng ca nh sn xut, kt qu th
nghim ca cc phng th nghim hp chun v kt qu kim nh cht
lng thit b ca cc t chc c c quan nh nc c thm quyn cng
nhn i vi vt liu, cu kin, sn phm xy dng, thit b lp t
vo cng trnh trc khi a vo xy dng cng trnh;
- Khi nghi ng cc kt qu kim tra cht lng vt liu, thit b lp
t vo cng trnh do nh thu thi cng xy dng cung cp th ch
u t thc hin kim tra trc tip vt t, vt liu v thit b lp t
vo cng trnh xy dng.
b) Nu d n thc hin ch tng thu xy dng th phi gim
st:
trnh;
- Kim tra v gim st thng xuyn c h thng qu trnh nh thu thi
cng xy dng cng trnh trin khai cc cng vic ti hin trng. Kt qu
kim tra u phi ghi nht k gim st ca ch u t hoc bin bn kim
tra theo quy nh;
- T chc nghim thu cng trnh xy dng theo quy nh ;
- Tp hp, kim tra ti liu phc v nghim thu cng vic xy dng,
b phn cng trnh, giai on thi cng xy dng, nghim thu thit b,
nghim thu hon thnh tng hng mc cng trnh xy dng v hon
- Pht hin sai st, bt hp l v thit k iu chnh hoc yu
cu nh thu thit k iu chnh;
- T chc kim nh li cht lng b phn cng trnh, hng mc cng
trnh v cng trnh xy dng khi c nghi ng v cht lng;
- Ch tr, phi hp vi cc bn lin quan gii quyt nhng vng mc,
pht sinh trong thi cng xy dng cng trnh.
- Tham gia cng tng thu kim tra v gim st thi cng xy dng
ca cc nh thu ph.
b) Trng hp thc hin hnh thc tng thu cha kha trao tay:
- Ch u t ph duyt tin thi cng xy dng cng trnh v thi
im nghim thu hon thnh cng trnh xy dng;
- Trc khi nghim thu hon thnh cng trnh, ch u t tip nhn ti
liu v kim nh cht lng cng trnh xy dng nu thy cn thit
lm cn c nghim thu.
3. Ch u t phi thng bo quyt nh v nhim v, quyn hn
ca ngi gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh cho nh thu thi cng
xy dng cng trnh v nh thu thit k xy dng cng trnh bit
phi hp thc hin.
4. Ch u t chu trch nhim bi thng do vi phm hp ng cho
nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh; chu trch nhim trc php lut
khi nghim thu khng bo m cht lng lm sai lch kt qu nghim
thu, nghim thu khi lng khng ng, sai thit k v cc hnh vi vi
phm khc. Khi pht hin cc sai phm v cht lng cng trnh xy dng
ca nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh th phi buc nh thu
dng thi cng v yu cu khc phc hu qu.
5. Nh thu gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh ca ch u t
phi bi thng thit hi do vi phm hp ng; chu trch nhim trc php
lut v ch u t khi nghim thu khng bo m cht lng theo tiu
chun v ch dn k thut c p dng, sai thit k v cc hnh vi khc
gy ra thit hi.
6. Ngi gim st phi bm vo nhim v gim st cht lng, gim st khi

lng, gim st tin thi cng, gim st an ton lao ng v mi trng xy dng trong thi
cng xy dng cng trnh
gim st cht lng, ngi gim st phi bm vo cc yu cu ca Ch
u t nu trong b h s mi thu, da vo tiu chun k thut vi tng
cng tc thc hin, i chiu hin vt c thi cng vi cc yu cu nu
trn, so snh v nh gi cht lng . Khi c nghi ng v cht lng, ngi
gim st yu cu nh thu tin hnh kim tra v xc nhn cc thng s
k thut theo cc tiu chun v theo cc php th ghi trong tiu chun.
Nu a thc hin php kim tra ri m cha tho mn cc yu cu k
thut, ngi gim st c quyn yu cu nh thu thu n v kim nh
c t cch php nhn khng nh li tnh trng cht lng.
gim st khi lng, ngi gim st phi cn c vo bn v thit k thi

cng c ch u t ph duyt, cn c vo iu kin m ch u t
v nh thu tho thun gii quyt cc vn c th ca hin tr-
ng pht sinh, kim tra d ton lp xc nhn s liu o bc
gip cho k s nh gi lm xc nhn khi lng vi nh thu.
Vic thi cng xy dng cng trnh phi c thc hin theo khi lng ca thit k
c duyt.
Khi lng thi cng xy dng c tnh ton, xc nhn gia ch u t, nh thu thi
cng xy dng, t vn gim st theo thi gian hoc giai on thi cng v c i chiu vi
khi lng thit k c duyt lm c s nghim thu, thanh ton theo hp ng.
Khi c khi lng pht sinh ngoi thit k, d ton xy dng cng trnh c duyt th
ch u t v nh thu thi cng xy dng phi xem xt x l. Ring i vi cng trnh s
dng vn ngn sch nh nc, khi c khi lng pht sinh ngoi thit k, d ton xy dng
cng trnh lm vt tng mc u t th ch u t phi bo co ngi quyt nh u t
xem xt, quyt nh.
Khi lng pht sinh c ch u t hoc ngi quyt nh u t chp thun, ph
duyt l c s thanh ton, quyt ton cng trnh.
Nghim cm vic khai khng, khai tng khi lng hoc thng ng gia cc bn tham
gia dn n lm sai khi lng thanh ton.
kim tra tin thi cng, cn cn c vo tin thi cng nh thu

lp v ch u t duyt. Kim im tng vic c xp trong lch.
Nu vic g cha hon thnh hay b kh khn, bn bc vi nh thu c
bin php b cu, nhng vic no hon thnh sm c s b sung vic
c th lm c y nhanh tin .
Cng trnh xy dng trc khi trin khai phi c lp tin thi cng xy dng. Tin thi
cng xy dng cng trnh phi ph hp vi tng tin ca d n c ph duyt.
i vi cng trnh xy dng c quy m ln v thi gian thi cng ko di th tin xy dng
cng trnh phi c lp cho tng giai on theo thng, qu, nm.
Nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh c ngha v lp tin thi cng xy dng chi tit, b
tr xen k kt hp cc cng vic cn thc hin nhng phi bo m ph hp vi tng tin
ca d n.
Ch u t, nh thu thi cng xy dng, t vn gim st v cc bn c lin quan c trch nhim
theo di, gim st tin thi cng xy dng cng trnh v iu chnh tin trong trng hp
tin thi cng xy dng mt s giai on b ko di nhng khng c lm nh hng n
tng tin ca d n.
Trng hp xt thy tng tin ca d n b ko di th ch u t phi bo co ngi
quyt nh u t a ra quyt nh vic iu chnh tng tin ca d n.
Khuyn khch vic y nhanh tin xy dng trn c s bo m cht lng cng trnh.
Trng hp y nhanh tin xy dng em li hiu qu cao hn cho d n th nh

thu xy dng c xt thng theo hp ng. Trng hp ko di tin xy dng gy
thit hi th bn vi phm phi bi thng thit hi v b pht vi phm hp ng.
Gim st an ton lao ng tin hnh thng xuyn v theo chu k. u

gi, ngi gim st i khp nhng ni c lao ng thi cng, kim tra
vic s dng trang b bo h. Nhng ni nhiu kh nng gy tai nn ,
phi c mt thng xuyn nhc nh, quan st v gp vi nh thu
trong vic kim tra dn gio, mi dc, cc hin tng c th gy tai nn.
Nh thu thi cng xy dng phi lp cc bin php an ton cho ngi v cng trnh trn
cng trng xy dng. Trng hp cc bin php an ton lin quan n nhiu bn th phi
c cc bn tha thun.
Cc bin php an ton, ni quy v an ton phi c th hin cng khai trn cng trng
xy dng mi ngi bit v chp hnh; nhng v tr nguy him trn cng trng phi b tr
ngi hng dn, cnh bo phng tai nn.
Nh thu thi cng xy dng, ch u t v cc bn c lin quan phi thng xuyn kim
tra gim st cng tc an ton lao ng trn cng trng. Khi pht hin c vi phm v an ton
lao ng th phi nh ch thi cng xy dng. Ngi xy ra vi phm v an ton lao ng
thuc phm vi qun l ca mnh phi chu trch nhim trc php lut.
Nu qu trnh sn xut c kh nng gy nc bn, bn hay bi, phi yu

cu nh thu c bin php khc phc, ngn nga s lm nhim mi tr-
ng lao ng v khu chung quanh.
7. Ch u t xy dng cng trnh phi thu t vn gim st hoc t

thc hin khi c iu kin nng lc hot ng gim st thi cng xy
dng.
Ngi thc hin vic gim st thi cng xy dng phi c chng ch hnh
ngh gim st thi cng xy dng ph hp vi cng vic, loi, cp cng
trnh.
1.2 Yu cu ca vic gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh

(iu 76 d tho Lut trnh Quc hi ti k hp th 3)
Vic gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh phi bo m cc yu cu sau
y:
1. Phi c tThc hin ngay t khi khi cng xy dng cng trnh;
Mi cng tc c ghi trong danh mc phi thc hin, ngi gim st phi
theo di c gii php kim tra t kt qu tt nht. Tt c cc cng
tc xy dng c tin hnh phi c bin php thi cng do nh thu lp,
k s t vn gim st kim tra v trnh cho ch u t ph duyt bng vn
bn.
Nhng bin php thi cng cng vic c yu cu c bit hoc phc tp,
c s phi hp ng b ca nhiu n v thu ph, ch u t cn thu
mt n v thch hp thm nh. Khi cn thit, t chc hi tho ly
kin tp th xc nh bin php thi cng ti u.
2. Phi tThng xuyn, lin tc trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng;
Vic kim tra cht lng ca k s t vn phi thng xuyn, lin tc trong mi
thi gian thi cng. Nu cn thit theo di cht lng lin tc, khng k gi
lao ng hay khng, ngi gim st phi b tr theo di.
3. Phi cCn c vo thit k c duyt, quy chun, tiu chun xy dng c
p dng;
Mi nhn nh v cht lng phi cn c vo cc yu cu k thut ca ch
u t nu trong h s mi thu, coi nh iu kin hp ng. Nu h s mi
thu cha nu c th, phi cn c vo quy chun, tiu chun k thut nhn
nh cht lng.
4. Phi tTrung thc, khch quan, khng v li.
Cng tc gim st cht lng cc cng tc thi cng i hi trung thc, khch
quan v khng v li. Khng c php li dng cng tc gim st mu
cu li ch c nhn ngoi quy nh ca Nh Nc v php lut. Phi cng
tm nhn nh v cht lng. Khng ch quan, thnh kin hay s
thin lch khc lm nh hng n nhn nh v cht lng.
1.3. Quyn v ngha v ca ch u t xy dng cng trnh

trong vic gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh
(iu 77 d tho Lut trnh Quc hi ti k hp th 3)
1. Ch u t xy dng cng trnh trong vic gim st thi cng xy
dng cng trnh c cc quyn sau y:
a) c t thc hin gim st khi c iu kin nng lc hot ng gim
st thi cng xy dng;
b) m phn, k kt hp ng, theo di, gim st vic thc hin hp
ng;
c) Thay i hoc yu cu t chc t vn thay i ngi gim st trong tr-
ng hp ngi gim st khng thc hin ng quy nh;
d) nh ch thc hin hoc chm dt hp ng gim st thi cng xy
dng cng trnh theo quy nh ca php lut ;.
) Cc quyn khc theo quy nh ca php lut.
2. Ch u t xy dng cng trnh trong vic gim st thi cng xy
dng cng trnh c cc ngha v sau y:
a) Thu t vn gim st trong trng hp khng iu kin nng lc hot
nggim st thi cng xy dng t thc hin;
b) Thng bo cho cc bn lin quan v quyn v ngha v ca t vn gim
st;
c) X l kp thi nhng xut ca ngi gim st;
d) Thc hin y cc ngha v tho thun trong hp ng gim
st thi cng xy dng;
) Khng c thng ng hoc dng nh hng ca mnh p t
lm sai lch kt qu gim st;
e) Lu tr kt qu gim st thi cng xy dng;
g) Bi thng thit hi khi la chn t vn gim st khng iu kin
nng lc hot ng gim st thi cng xy dng, nghim thu khi lng
khng ng, sai thit k v cc hnh vi vi phm khc gy thit hi do li
ca mnh gy ra;
h) Cc ngha v khc theo quy nh ca php lut.
1.4. Quyn v ngha v ca nh thu gim st thi cng xy dng

cng trnh (iu 78 d tho Lut trnh Quc hi ti k hp th 3)
Nu cng trnh khng t t chc gim st m phi thu n v t vn

gim st th nh thu gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh c cc
quyn sau y:
a) Nghim thu xc nhn khi cng trnh thi cng bo m ng thit
k, theo quy chun, tiu chun xy dng n v bo m cht lng;
b) Yu cu nh thu thi cng xy dng thc hin theo ng hp ng;
c) Bo lu cc kin ca mnh i vi cng vic gim st do mnh m
nhn;
d) T chi yu cu bt hp l ca cc bn c lin quan;
2. Nh thu gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh c cc ngha v sau
y:
a) Thc hin cng vic gim st theo ng hp ng k kt;
b) Khng nghim thu khi lng khng bo m cht lng v cc tiu chun
k thut theo yu cu ca thit k cng trnh;
c) T chi nghim thu khi cng trnh khng t yu cu cht lng;
d) xut vi ch u t xy dng cng trnh nhng bt hp l v thit
k kp thi sa i;
) Mua bo him trch nhim ngh nghip;
e) Khng c thng ng vi nh thu thi cng xy dng, vi ch u t
xy dng cng trnh v c cc hnh vi vi phm khc lm sai lch kt qu
gim st;Bi thng thit hi khi lm sai lch kt qu gim st i vi khi l-
ng thi cng khng ng thit k, khng tun theo quy chun, tiu chun
xy dng nhng ngi gim st khng bo co vi ch u t xy dng cng
trnh hoc ngi c thm quyn x l, cc hnh vi vi phm khc gy thit
hi do li ca mnh gy ra;
g) Bi thng thit hi khi lm sai lch kt qu gim st i vi khi lng thi
cng khng ng thit k, khng tun theo quy chun, tiu chun xy
dng nhng ngi gim st khng bo co vi ch u t xy dng cng
trnh hoc ngi c thm quyn x l, cc hnh vi vi phm khc gy
thit hi do li ca mnh gy ra;Chu trch nhim trc php lut v hnh
vi thng ng vi nh thu thi cng xy dng, vi ch u t xy dng
cng trnh v cc hnh vi vi phm khc lm sai lch kt qu gim st;.
2. T chc cng tc gim st thi cng xy dng trn cng trng
Cn c t chc gim st thi cng xy dng trn cng trng l bn

tin thi cng do nh thu lp c ch u t thng qua v duyt bng
vn bn. Tt c nhng vic ghi trong tin theo ngy. ngi gim st
phi b tr ngi theo di thng xuyn.
2.1. Gim st trong giai on chun b thc hin d n :

Trong giai on ny, ngi gim st phi gip ch u t kim tra cc th
tc trc khi thi cng , bao gm :
a) Kim tra cc iu kin khi cng cng trnh xy dng theo quy
nh ti iu 72 ca Lut Xy dng nh v cng trnh th cng trnh
xy dng ch c khi cng khi cp ng cc iu kin sau y:
1. C C mmt bng xy dng bn giao ton b hoc tng phn theo
tin xy dng do ch u t xy dng cng trnh v nh thu thi
cng xy dng tho thun;
2. C C ggiy php xy dng i vi nhng cng trnh theo quy nh
phi c giy php xy dng, tr trng hp quy nh l c khi cng xy
dng cng trnh nu sau thi gian quy nh qu 20 hai mi ngy lm
vic, k t ngy nhn h s hp l; i vi nh ring l th thi hn
nu trn khng qu 15 mi lm ngy m ngi c trch nhim vn cha cp
giy php.
3. C C tthit k bn v thi cng ca hng mc, cng trnh c ph
duyt;
4. C C hhp ng xy dng;
5. C C ngun vn bo m tin xy dng cng trnh
theo tin c ph duyt trong d n u t xy dng cng trnh;
6. C C bbin php bo m an ton, v sinh mi trng trong qu
trnh thi cng xy dng;
7. i vi khu th mi, tu theo tnh cht, quy m, phi xy dng xong
ton b hoc tng phn cc cng trnh h tng k thut th mi c khi

- Kim tra v nhn lc, thit b thi cng ca nh thu thi cng xy
cng trnh;
2.2 Kim tra trong giai on xy dng cng trnh
Hng ngy ngi k s gim st phi c mt ti hin trng.

Trc ht, cn c con mt bao qut v iu kin lao ng, an ton lao
ng.
Kim tra my mc thi cng xem sn sng hot ng c cha. Ngun
nng lng sn sng cha. Nu s dng nc h tr th c nc v sn
sng cho s dng cha.
Li i li, vn chuyn c an ton khng? Tnh trng mt ng ra
sao.
Cng nhn c trang b an ton khng. Khng cho bt u lao ng
khi cha c trang b an ton. Dng c cm tay c sn sng cha.
V tr thao tc c kim tra v an ton cha. Ch ng ca cng
nhn, ch xp nguyn liu tm c n nh, mc chu lc
khng. Mt bng c sch s, kh ro khng. Trn cao c v tr mc dy an
ton ph hp. C kh nng ri vt liu t trn cao xung v tr cng tc
hay khng v t v tr cng tc c th ri vt liu xung thp hay khng.
Khi tip sc vi cng vic, ngi gim st phi ghi trong nht k thi gian
mnh c mt ti hin trng, tnh hnh thi tit, kh hu, nhit mi
trng s dng lm cn c khi nhn nh v cht lng.
Ngi gim st phi c bn v v c cc yu cu k thut ca cng tc
c tin hnh .
Ngi gim st phi c v nghin cu trc bin php thi cng do nh thu
lp v ch u t k duyt. Khng c t tin nu cc yu cu ngoi
nhng yu cu ghi thnh vn bn trong bin php thi cng v vn bn
duyt bin php thi cng y.
Phi theo di tnh hnh din bin thc t, nu pht sinh kh khn hay
cc iu kin khc thng so vi h s c, phi xin kin gim st cp
trn hoc ch u t quyt nh.
Mi din bin ca sn xut phi c ghi chp t m trong nht k. K s
ca nh thu v k s gim st cng k nhn khi ghi xong mt cng tc c
thc hin.
Trong ti liu ghi chp phi nu r nhng din bin v nhn xt v cc
din bin . Nu c khc l so vi h s cng ghi kin ca ngi quyt
nh gii php thc hin. Nu thay i bin php thi cng lm tng hay
gim gi thnh, cn ghi thnh bin bn lm cn c thanh quyt ton.
Mi din bin phi c so snh vi cc tiu chun thi cng ca cng tc
thc t so snh vi din bin thc t. Nu thy bnh thng cng ghi
nht k nhng din bin xy ra y. Nu thy khc l so vi tiu chun th
ghi nhn xt vo nht k. Nu din bin c xu hng lm gim cht lng,
phi tho lun v xin kin cp trn ca gim st hay ch u t, ra
phng php khc phc.
Nu khng thng nht kin khc phc , phi c quyt nh ca ngi
gim st cp trn. Cn thit cho hon thi cng bo co. Trc khi ngng
thi cng, phi c bin php trnh nhng sai hng hoc ri ro tip ra
kh khn mi.
Nhng trng hp bt thng v thi tit nh hng n cht lng thi cng
phi c ghi chp k v c xc nhn ca k s ca nh thu v k s t vn
gim st. Khi cn c quyt nh nh, ngng thi cng phi lp bin bn
lu gi h s v tnh trng thi cng khi phi ngng.
Cn ghi chp y tnh trng trang b bo h, iu kin thc hin
gii php an ton cng nh iu kin kim tra cht lng bo h, an ton
lao ng cng nh iu kin mi trng cng tc.
Gim st thy nu cn iu chnh tin , bin php nhm lm
cho thi cng v cht lng bo m v tt ln th ng ph kp thi.
Mi hnh ng qua loa , i khi v thiu trch nhim b nghim cm.
3. Quy trnh, phng php v bin php kim tra, gim st
Quy trnh thi cng cho mi bin php phi c ghi trong bin php thi
cng do nh thu lp v ch u t thng qua bng vn bn.
Vi nhng bin php thi cng phc tp khi thi cng, c nguy c gy xp,
st hay cc ri ro nh hng n an ton lao ng v thit hi v tin
nong, cn th hin r trong bn v v thuyt minh bin php thi cng.
Nhng trng hp ny, k s t vn phi nghin cu cn thn, yu cu nh
thu thuyt minh cn k c th nhn thc ht ni dung ca bin
php thi cng. Nu thy kh nng c nguy c gy s c, nguy him th
xut vi ch u t cho hi tho v cui cng, phi thu mt n v t
vn c lp xem xt cn thn v chp nhn bin php thi cng. Mi
hnh minh ho v cc php tnh ton phi th hin bng vn bn v -
ck lu tr cn thn nh vn bn thit k cng trnh.
C s nghin cu bin php thi cng l cc yu cu ca ch u t
nu trong b h s mi thu. Nu trong h s mi thu khng ghi r th
cn c vo cc tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu tng ng xem xt
bin php thi cng nhm tho mn cc tiu ch k thut v an ton.
Ch u t phi ph duyt chp nhn bin php thi cng bng vn bn v
vn bn ny coi nh h s quan trng ca cng trnh.
Sau khi bin php thi cng c duyt, nh thu phi a cc my moc,
phng tin ra mt bng, b tr thi cng. Mi iu kin phc v thi cng
nh ng di chuyn, khu vc thi cng phi c chun b chu o v p
ng vi iu kin thc t.
Mi iu kin v an ton thi cng phi p ng. Phi c phng tin
phng ang thi cng b ma.
Quy trnh gim st c thc hin theo quy trnh thc hin bin php thi
cng. Quy trnh thc hin bin php thi cng c th tm tt c cc bc
nh sau:
* Gim st khu chun b thi cng bao gm mt bng thi cng phi
thun li c th thi cng c. khu nng lng phc v thi cng nh
xng, du, m, in nng, nc , ng x vn chuyn, phng tin thi
cng, vt liu, cu kin phc v thi cng...
* Khi khu chun b lm xong, lnh bt u cng vic c k s ca nh
thu , sau khi thng nht vi k s t vn gim st, pht lnh. Mi lnh trn
cng trng ch do mt ngi c php lm l k s ca nh thu c giao
nhim v iu khin thi cng thc hin. iu ny trnh cho tnh trng
nhiu thy, khng bit nghe ai v c th gy tai nn trn cng trng.
* Trnh t tin hnh cng vic theo ng nh bin php k thut thi cng
c ch u t ph duyt bng vn bn.
Khng c thay i bin php thi cng khi cha thng qua li ch u t.
Ngi t vn cho ch u t nhng trng hp ny l k s t vn gim st.
Khi c thay i, k s ca nh thu cn hp vi nhng ngi lin quan n
cc khu thc hin thng bo chi tit v cc iu phi hp phi
tun theo.
* Tng bc thc hin phi c ghi chp kp thi, m t chi tit, k c cc
iu kin mi trng ngoi bin nh thi tit, kh hu, tnh trng mi trng
nh nhit , khi bi, mi v cc iu kin tm l nh hng khc.
* Cn thng xuyn i chiu vi cc d liu c nh ct a cht, mt
ct a cht vi thoc a, s liu thu vn v a k thut khc, tnh
hnh ln, st, xp hoc cc bin ng ngoi d kin cng nh trong d
kin bit, thc t c nh d bo trong bin php k thuti thi cng
lp hay khng. Phi ghi chp chi tit din bin thc t so vi bin php
thi cng c duyt. Khi pht hin sai lch, phi xin kin ngi c phn
cng c quyt nh kp thi.
Sau mi khu thi cng cn phi c s liu ghi nhn th nh thu tin
hnh th nghim s b. Kt qu th nghim do nh thu t lm ch c
tnh cht tham kho. Vic th nghim xc nh d liu chnh thc s do
n v th nghim c ghi trong hp ng lp. V chng nhn s ph
hp, do k s t vn gim st kt lun. Khi k s t vn gim st khng nht tr
vi nh thu trong kt lun, nh thu phi thu n v th nghim c
t cch php nhn khc do ch u t ch nh v phng php th
nghim do k s t vn gim st ngh. L do l k s t vn gim st l ng-
i thay mt ch u t quyt nh c chp nhn hay khng chp nhn
kt qu th nghim nghim thu.
Khi hon thnh hng mc cng trnh hoc cng trnh, vi nhng cng
trnh bt buc phi c s chng nhn iu kin an ton chu lc
a vo s dng , phi thc hin theo thng t s 16/2008/TT-BXD Hng
dn kim tra chng nhn iu kin an ton chu lc v chng nhn
s ph hp v cht lng cng trnh xy dng - B Xy dng ban hnh
ngy 11-09-2008.
Theo thng t ny :
Cc cng trnh hoc hng mc cng trnh xy dng khi xy ra s
c do mt kh nng chu lc c th gy thm ho i vi ngi, ti sn
v mi trng bt buc phi c chng nhn iu kin m bo an
ton chu lc gm:
a) Cng trnh cng cng tp trung ng ngi t cp III tr ln: nh
ht, rp chiu bng, v trng, nh ga, hi trng, nh thi u th thao,
sn vn ng, trung tm thng mi, siu th, th vin, nh bo tng v
cc cng trnh cng cng khc c quy m v chc nng tng t. Ring
bnh vin, nh tr, trng mu gio, trng hc c quy m t 2 tng v c
tng din tch sn t 300m2 tr ln.
b) Nh chung c, khch sn, nh lm vic v thp thu pht sng vin
thng, truyn thanh, truyn hnh t cp II tr ln.
c) Kho xng, kho du, kho cha kh ho lng, kho ho cht t cp II
tr ln.
d) p, cu, hm giao thng t cp II tr ln; ng st trn cao, h
thng cp treo vn chuyn ngi khng phn bit cp.
4. Cng trnh c chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng
Cng trnh hoc hng mc cng trnh xy dng khng phn bit
loi v cp c chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng khi c yu cu ca c
quan qun l nh nc v xy dng a phng hoc theo ngh ca
ch u t hoc ch s hu trn c s yu cu ca t chc bo him
cng trnh, ca t chc v c nhn mua, qun l hoc s dng cng
trnh (vit tt l bn c yu cu chng nhn). i tng chng nhn c th
l cng trnh xy dng mi hoc cng trnh a vo s dng.
chng nhn iu kin m bo an ton chu lc, ch u t phi

lm cc cng vic :
a). La chn t chc thc hin chng nhn iu kin m bo an

ton chu lc
Ch u t cc cng trnh xy dng quy nh trn c trch nhim
la chn t chc thc hin vic kim tra, xc nhn iu kin m
bo an ton chu lc (vit tt l t chc kim tra). T chc kim tra -
c la chn l t chc t vn c chc nng hnh ngh mt trong cc lnh
vc thit k xy dng, gim st thi cng xy dng hoc kim nh
cht lng cng trnh xy dng ph hp vi loi cng trnh c chng nhn,
p ng cc yu cu sau:
a) Yu cu v iu kin nng lc:
- C k s, cn b k thut theo quy nh thuc cc chuyn
ngnh ph hp vi ni dung kim tra nu ti Khon 2 ca Mc ny, tng
ng vi quy m cng trnh c chng nhn;
- C nhn ch tr vic kim tra, xc nhn iu kin m bo
an ton chu lc phi c nng lc ch tr thit k kt cu cng trnh ph
hp vi loi v cp cng trnh c chng nhn;
- Khng c vi phm trong hot ng xy dng trong 3 nm gn nht.
b) Yu cu m bo tnh c lp, khch quan trong vic chng
nhn iu kin an ton chu lc:
- Khng tham gia kho st, thit k, thi cng, cung ng vt t - thit
b, qun l d n v gim st thi cng xy dng cho chnh cng trnh
hoc hng mc cng trnh c chng nhn;
- c lp v t chc v ti chnh: khng c quan h ph thuc v
t chc vi ch u t, vi cc nh thu kho st, thit k, thi cng xy
dng, t vn gim st thi cng xy dng v t vn qun l d n ca chnh
cng trnh hoc hng mc cng trnh c chng nhn; khng c c
phn hoc vn gp trn 50% ca nhau i vi ch u t v khng c c
phn hoc vn gp trn 30% ca nhau i vi cc nh thu kho st,
thit k, thi cng xy dng, t vn gim st thi cng xy dng v t vn
qun l d n.
Trng hp khng la chn c t chc kim tra p ng cc iu
kin nu trn th ch u t phi bo cho c quan qun l nh nc v
xy dng a phng c gii thiu t chc t vn thc hin cng
vic ny.
2. Trnh t, ni dung kim tra iu kin m bo an ton chu lc
T chc kim tra c trch nhim lp cng kim tra cng tc
kho st, thit k v thi cng xy dng cng trnh trnh ch u t tha
thun. Vic kim tra xc nhn iu kin m bo an ton chu lc
c th c tin hnh t khi bt u thi cng xy dng cng trnh
hoc hng mc cng trnh c chng nhn. i tng kim tra tp trung
vo b phn cng trnh, kt cu chu lc khi b ph hoi c th gy
thm ho.
a) Kim tra cng tc kho st, thit k:
- Kim tra s tun th cc quy nh ca php lut v iu kin
nng lc ca t chc, c nhn thc hin vic kho st, thit k, thm
tra thit k v vic p dng cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut;
- Kim tra trnh t, th tc nghim thu bo co kt qu kho st
xy dng; trnh t thm nh, ph duyt v nghim thu h s thit k
xy dng cng trnh;
- Kim tra bo co kt qu kho st xy dng, thit k k thut (tr-
ng hp thit k 3 bc) hoc thit k bn v thi cng (trng hp thit k 2
bc, 1 bc); nh gi mc p ng ca cc ti liu ny vi cc yu cu
ca quy chun v tiu chun k thut c s dng nhm m bo an
ton ca chu lc cng trnh.
Trong qu trnh kim tra, nu c nghi ng v kt qu kho st, kt
qu tnh ton kt cu chu lc th t chc kim tra ngh ch u
t v nh thu kho st, thit k lm r. Trng hp cn thit, t chc
kim tra c th ngh ch u t t chc phc tra kt qu kho st
xy dng, kim tra li kh nng chu lc ca kt cu.
b) Kim tra cng tc thi cng xy dng cng trnh
nng lc v h thng qun l cht lng ca nh thu thi cng xy dng,
nh thu t vn qun l d n v gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh;
kim tra nng lc phng th nghim v nng lc ca cc t chc kim
nh c lin quan;
- Kim tra s tun th cc quy nh ca php lut i vi cng tc
gim st v nghim thu cht lng xy dng;
- Kim tra cht lng thi cng xy dng thng qua ti liu qun l
cht lng ca cng trnh hoc hng mc cng trnh c chng nhn;
nh gi mc p ng ca cc ti liu ny vi yu cu ca thit k
nhm m bo an ton chu lc ca cng trnh;
- Kim tra cc s liu quan trc v biu hin bn ngoi ca kt cu
c lin quan ti kh nng chu lc ca cng trnh.
Trong qu trnh kim tra nu pht hin thy cc yu t c th nh
hng ti kh nng chu lc ca cng trnh th t chc kim tra ngh
ch u t v cc nh thu gii trnh lm r. Trng hp cn thit t chc
kim tra c th ngh ch u t t chc kim nh cht lng hoc
th nghim, quan trc i chng.
c) Sau tng t kim tra, t chc kim tra phi c vn bn thng
bo kp thi v kt qu kim tra gi cho ch u t v cc bn c lin
quan.
3. Cp giy chng nhn iu kin m bo an ton chu lc
a) Trong vng 15 ngy k t khi ch u t tp hp h s, ti liu
hon thnh cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh c chng nhn; t chc
kim tra cp giy chng nhn iu kin m bo an ton chu lc
nu kt qu kim tra p ng c cc iu kin sau:
- Cng tc kho st, thit k v thi cng xy dng cng trnh tun
th cc quy nh ca php lut v qun l cht lng p ng cc yu cu
m bo an ton chu lc ca cng trnh.
- Cc s liu quan trc v biu hin bn ngoi ca kt cu phn nh
s lm vic bnh thng ca kt cu;
- Cc kt qu phc tra, kim tra li (nu c) m bo kt cu
kh nng chu lc.
Ch u t c trch nhim gi 01 giy chng nhn ny km theo bo
co kt qu kim tra iu kin m bo an ton chu lc v bin
bn nghim thu hon thnh cng trnh hoc hng mc cng trnh c
chng nhn cho c quan qun l nh nc v xy dng a phng
kim tra v qun l. Giy chng nhn ny l cn c ch u t a
cng trnh vo s dng.
b) Trng hp khng iu kin cp giy chng nhn th t
chc kim tra c trch nhim thng bo bng vn bn cho ch u t v
quyt nh ca mnh, trong nu r l do khng cp giy chng
nhn. Ch u t c trch nhim bo co vic ny cho c quan qun l
nh nc v xy dng a phng bit kim tra v x l.
chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng cng trnh xy dng
(i). Yu cu chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng cng trnh xy dng
a) Xut pht t li ch ca cng ng, c quan qun l nh nc v
xy dng a phng c th yu cu ch u t thc hin chng nhn
s ph hp v cht lng cng trnh xy dng.
Cc t chc bo him cng trnh; t chc, c nhn mua, qun l
hoc s dng cng trnh xut pht t li ch ca mnh c th ngh
ch u t hoc ch s hu (i vi cc cng trnh a vo s dng)
thc hin chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng cng trnh.
b) Bn c yu cu chng nhn phi a ra phm vi v ni dung chng
nhn s ph hp v cht lng. i vi trng hp vic chng nhn s ph hp
v cht lng c yu cu bi c quan qun l nh nc v xy dng a
phng th phm vi v ni dung chng nhn l bt buc phi thc hin.
i vi trng hp vic chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng c yu cu bi
cc t chc, c nhn khc th phm vi v ni dung chng nhn do ch
u t hoc ch s hu v bn c yu cu chng nhn tho thun.
c) Phm vi chng nhn c th l s ph hp v cht lng thit k, s
ph hp v cht lng thi cng xy dng hoc s ph hp v cht lng ca
cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh hoc b phn cng trnh xy dng so
vi quy chun, tiu chun k thut v cc yu cu k thut p dng cho
cng trnh. Ni dung chng nhn c th l mt, mt s hoc ton b cc
tiu ch v an ton chu lc, an ton vn hnh; cht lng phn hon
thin, c in...
(ii). La chn t chc thc hin vic chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng
cng trnh xy dng
Bn c yu cu chng nhn tho thun vi ch u t hoc ch s
hu v vic la chn v k hp ng vi t chc thc hin vic kim tra,
chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng (vit tt l t chc chng nhn).
Ring trng hp vic chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng do c quan qun
l nh nc v xy dng a phng yu cu th ch u t c trch
nhim la chn, k hp ng vi t chc chng nhn.
T chc chng nhn c la chn l t chc t vn c chc nng
hnh ngh mt trong cc lnh vc thit k xy dng, gim st thi cng
xy dng, kim nh cht lng cng trnh xy dng hoc chng nhn
s ph hp v cht lng cng trnh xy dng, p ng cc yu cu sau:
a) Yu cu v iu kin nng lc:
- m bo iu kin nng lc theo quy nh ca php lut ph
hp vi loi, cp cng trnh c chng nhn v ni dung chng nhn;
- Khng c vi phm trong hot ng xy dng trong 3 nm gn nht.
b) Yu cu v tnh c lp, khch quan trong vic thc hin chng
nhn s ph hp v cht lng:
- Khng tham gia kho st, thit k, thi cng, cung ng vt t - thit
b, qun l d n v gim st thi cng xy dng cho chnh cng trnh,
hng mc cng trnh hoc b phn cng trnh c chng nhn;
- c lp v t chc v ti chnh: khng c quan h ph thuc v
t chc vi ch u t, cc nh thu kho st, thit k, thi cng xy
dng, t vn gim st thi cng xy dng v t vn qun l d n ca chnh
cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh hoc b phn cng trnh c chng
nhn; khng c c phn hoc vn gp trn 50% ca nhau i vi ch
u t v khng c c phn hoc vn gp trn 30% ca nhau i vi cc
nh thu kho st, thit k, thi cng xy dng, t vn gim st thi cng
xy dng v t vn qun l d n.
(iii). Trnh t, ni dung kim tra s ph hp v cht lng i vi cng
trnh xy dng mi
T chc chng nhn c trch nhim lp cng thc hin vic
kim tra, nh gi s ph hp v cht lng tng ng vi phm vi v ni
dung chng nhn ch u t tho thun. Phm vi kim tra tp trung
vo cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh hoc b phn cng trnh c
chng nhn. Ni dung kim tra phi ph hp vi ni dung chng nhn. Vic
kim tra c th tin hnh t khi bt u thi cng xy dng cng trnh,
hng mc cng trnh hoc b phn cng trnh c chng nhn.
a) Kim tra s ph hp v cht lng thit k:
nng lc ca t chc, c nhn thc hin vic kho st, thit k, thm
tra thit k; s tun th trnh t, th tc nghim thu bo co kt qu
kho st xy dng; thm nh, ph duyt v nghim thu h s thit k
xy dng cng trnh;
- Kim tra, nh gi s ph hp ca bo co kt qu kho st xy
dng so vi tiu chun kho st v nhim v kho st;
- Kim tra, nh gi s ph hp ca thit k k thut (trng hp thit
k 3 bc) hoc thit k bn v thi cng (trng hp thit k 2 bc, 1 bc) so
vi nhim v thit k v so vi quy chun, tiu chun k thut c p
dng cho cng trnh.
Trong qu trnh kim tra, nu c nghi ng v kt qu kho st v
cht lng ca thit k, t chc chng nhn ngh ch u t v cc
nh thu c lin quan lm r. Trng hp cn thit, t chc chng nhn c
th thc hin kim tra li kt qu kho st, kim tra li thit k ca cng
trnh, hng mc cng trnh hoc b phn cng trnh c chng nhn.
b) Kim tra s ph hp v cht lng thi cng xy dng:
nng lc v h thng qun l cht lng ca nh thu thi cng xy dng,
nh thu t vn qun l d n, gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh;
kim tra nng lc phng th nghim v nng lc ca cc t chc kim
nh c lin quan; kim tra s tun th cc quy nh ca php lut
trong gim st thi cng xy dng v nghim thu;
- Kim tra xc sut cht lng vt t, thit b, cu kin xy dng c
s dng xy dng cng trnh thng qua vic kim tra xut x hng
ho, chng ch cht lng v cc kt qu th nghim, kim nh cht lng
c lin quan;
- Kim tra xc sut cht lng thi cng xy dng;
- Chng kin vn hnh th cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh hoc
b phn cng trnh c chng nhn. Kim tra s ph hp ca h s
nghim thu so vi yu cu ca thit k.
Trong qu trnh kim tra nu pht hin thy cc yu t khng m
bo s ph hp v cht lng th t chc chng nhn c th ngh ch
u t v cc nh thu gii trnh lm r. Trng hp cn thit t chc
chng nhn c th thc hin kim nh; th nghim, quan trc i
chng.
c) Kim tra s ph hp v cht lng ca cng trnh, hng mc cng
trnh hoc b phn cng trnh xy dng: thc hin c hai ni dung quy
nh ti im a v b Khon ny.
d) Sau tng t kim tra, t chc chng nhn phi c vn bn thng
bo kp thi v kt qu kim tra gi cho ch u t v cc bn c lin
quan.
(iv). Trnh t, ni dung kim tra s ph hp v cht lng i vi cc cng
trnh a vo s dng
T chc chng nhn c trch nhim lp cng kim tra v nh
gi s ph hp v cht lng ch u t hoc ch s hu tha thun.
Phm vi kim tra tp trung vo cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh, b
phn cng trnh xy dng c chng nhn. Ni dung kim tra phi ph
hp vi ni dung chng nhn c tha thun. Ni dung kim tra c th
bao gm kim tra cht lng thit k, cht lng thi cng xy dng thng
qua h s, ti liu hon thnh cng trnh. Trng hp cn thit, t chc
chng nhn c th thc hin kim nh, nh gi cht lng cng trnh
thng qua cc th nghim, quan trc.
(v). Cp giy chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng cng trnh xy dng
a) T chc chng nhn cp giy chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng
nu cht lng cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh hoc b phn cng
trnh xy dng qua kim tra ph hp vi yu cu ca thit k, tiu chun
k thut v quy chun k thut p dng cho cng trnh. Giy chng nhn
bao gm cc ni dung sau:
- Tn t chc chng nhn;
- Cc cn c thc hin chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng;
- Tn cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh hoc b phn cng trnh -
c chng nhn s ph hp v cht lng;
- Phm vi v ni dung chng nhn;
- Kt lun s ph hp v cht lng;
- Ch k v du ca ngi i din theo php lut ca t chc chng
nhn.
Trng hp vic chng nhn c thc hin theo yu cu ca c quan
qun l nh nc v xy dng a phng th ch u t c trch nhim
gi 01 giy chng nhn km theo bo co kt qu kim tra s ph hp v
cht lng cho c quan ny kim tra v qun l. Giy chng nhn l
cn c a cng trnh vo khai thc, s dng.
Trng hp vic chng nhn c thc hin theo yu cu ca cc t
chc, c nhn khc th ch u t hoc ch s hu gi 01 giy chng
nhn cho bn c yu cu chng nhn lm c s thc hin cc tho
thun tip theo.
b) Trng hp khng iu kin cp giy chng nhn s ph
hp v cht lng, t chc chng nhn c trch nhim thng bo bng vn
bn trong nu r l do khng cp giy chng nhn cho ch u t
hoc ch s hu v bn c yu cu chng nhn bit v x l.
4. Kim tra iu kin khi cng xy dng cng trnh
Cng trnh xy dng ch c khi cng khi p ng cc iu kin sau y nn cn phi

kim tra k iu kin khi cng:
a). C mt bng xy dng bn giao ton b hoc tng phn theo tin xy dng do
ch u t xy dng cng trnh v nh thu thi cng xy dng tha thun
b). C giy php xy dng i vi nhng cng trnh theo quy nh phi c giy php xy
dng, tr trng hp quy nh ti im c khon 1 iu 68 ca Lut ny;
c). C thit k bn v thi cng ca hng mc, cng trnh c ph duyt
d). C hp ng xy dng;
e). C ngun vn bo m tin xy dng cng trnh theo tin c ph duyt
trong d n u t xy dng cng trnh;
f). C bin php bo m an ton , v sinh mi trng trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng;
g). i vi khu th mi, ty theo tnh cht, quy m, phi xy dng xong ton b hoc tng
phn cc cng trnh h tng k thut th mi c khi cng xy dng cng trnh
Nu khng tun th nghim tc iu kin khi cng s b pht theo

Ngh nh s 23-2009 nh sau:
Nu tun th khng nghim tc cc iu kin khi cng cng trnh, ch
u t s b x pht nh sau:
1. Pht tin t 500.000 ng n 2.000.000 ng i vi ch u t khng thng bo ngy

khi cng bng vn bn cho y ban nhn dn cp x ni xy dng cng trnh trc 7 ngy
theo quy nh.
2. Pht tin t 15.000.000 ng n 20.000.000 ng i vi ch u t khi cng xy dng

cng trnh khi cha iu kin khi cng (i vi trng hp vi phm quy nh v giy
php xy dng th x pht theo quy nh ti iu 12 Ngh nh ny).
3. Hnh vi vi phm quy nh v l ng th, l khi cng, l khnh thnh cng trnh xy
dng x pht theo quy nh ti khon 5 iu 29 Ngh nh s 84/2006/N-CP ngy 18 thng
8 nm 2006 quy nh v bi thng thit hi, x l k lut, x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong
thc hnh tit kim, chng lng ph.
4. Ngoi hnh thc x pht quy nh ti khon 1, khon 2 v khon 3 iu ny, ch u t c

hnh vi vi phm quy nh ti khon 1, khon 3 iu ny cn b buc thc hin ng quy nh
v iu kin khi cng xy dng cng trnh.
Theo Lut Xy dng thc hin chc nng qun l nh nc v xy dng trn a bn
tnh, cc cng trnh xy dng ch c khi cng khi p ng cc iu kin sau y:
1. C mt bng xy dng bn giao ton b hoc tng phn theo tin xy dng do
ch u t xy dng cng trnh v nh thu thi cng xy dng tha thun.
2. C giy php xy dng i vi nhng cng trnh theo quy nh phi c giy php xy
dng; tr trng hp cng trnh nu sau thi hn hai mi ngy lm vic (mi lm ngy
lm vic i vi nh ring l) m c quan cp giy php khng c kin tr li bng vn
bn k t ngy nhn h s hp l khi cc iu kin quy nh ti cc mc 1,3,4,5,6,7
trong hng dn ny.
3. C thit k bn v thi cng ca hng mc, cng trnh c ph duyt.
4. C hp ng xy dng.
5. C ngun vn bo m tin xy dng cng trnh theo tin c ph
duyt trong d n u t xy dng cng trnh.
6. C bin php bo m an ton, v sinh mi trng trong qu trnh thi cng xy
dng.
7. i vi khu th mi, ty theo tnh cht, quy m, phi xy dng xong ton b hoc
tng phn cc cng trnh h tng k thut th mi c khi cng xy dng cng trnh.
5. Kim tra s ph hp nng lc ca nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh vi h s

d thu v hp ng xy dng
Theo cc iu khon ca Lut Xy dng quy nh v iu kin nng

lc ca t chc, c nhn tham gia cc hot ng xy dng th :
V iu kin nng lc ca t chc, c nhn

1. Cc t chc, c nhn khi tham gia hot ng xy dng phi c iu kin nng lc ph
hp vi loi d n; loi, cp cng trnh v cng vic theo quy nh ca Ngh nh ny.
2. T chc, c nhn khi tham gia cc lnh vc sau y phi c iu kin v nng lc:
a) Lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh;
b) Qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh;
c) Thit k quy hoch xy dng;
d) Thit k xy dng cng trnh;
) Kho st xy dng cng trnh;
e) Thi cng xy dng cng trnh;
g) Gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh;
h) Th nghim chuyn ngnh xy dng;
i) Kim nh cht lng cng trnh xy dng;
k) Chng nhn iu kin bo m an ton chu lc cng trnh xy dng v chng
nhn s ph hp v cht lng cng trnh xy dng.
Nng lc ca cc t chc, c nhn khi tham gia lnh vc hot ng xy dng nu trn
c th hin di hnh thc chng ch hnh ngh hoc cc iu kin v nng lc ph hp
vi cng vic m nhn.
3. C nhn tham gia hot ng xy dng phi c vn bng, chng ch o to ph hp vi
cng vic m nhn do cc c s o to hp php cp.
4. C nhn m nhn chc danh ch nhim n thit k quy hoch xy dng, thit k xy
dng cng trnh; ch tr thit k; ch nhim kho st xy dng; gim st thi cng xy dng v
c nhn hnh ngh c lp thc hin cc cng vic thit k quy hoch xy dng, thit k xy
dng cng trnh, gim st thi cng xy dng phi c chng ch hnh ngh theo quy nh. C
nhn tham gia qun l d n phi c chng nhn nghip v v qun l d n u t xy dng
cng trnh.
5. bo m cht lng cng trnh xy dng, cc t chc, c nhn trong hot ng xy
dng phi c iu kin nng lc ph hp vi tng gi thu hoc loi cng vic c th.
6. Nng lc hot ng xy dng ca t chc c xc nh theo cp bc trn c s nng lc
hnh ngh xy dng ca cc c nhn trong t chc, kinh nghim hot ng xy dng, kh
nng ti chnh, thit b v nng lc qun l ca t chc.
B Xy dng thnh lp h thng thng tin v nng lc v hot ng ca cc t chc, c
nhn t vn xy dng, cc nh thu hot ng xy dng trong phm vi c nc, k c nh
thu nc ngoi hot ng xy dng ti Vit Nam.
7. Cc d n s dng vn ngn sch nh nc, vn tn dng do nh nc bo lnh, vn tn

dng u t pht trin ca nh nc, nh thu lp thit k k thut hoc thit k bn v thi
cng th khng c k hp ng t vn gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh vi ch u t
i vi cng trnh do mnh thit k, nh thu gim st thi cng xy dng khng c k hp
ng vi nh thu thi cng xy dng thc hin kim nh cht lng cng trnh xy dng i
vi cng trnh do mnh gim st, tr trng hp c ngi quyt nh u t cho php.
8. Khi la chn nh thu thc hin cc cng vic trong hot ng xy dng, ch u t
phi cn c vo cc quy nh v iu kin nng lc ti Ngh nh ny v phi chu trch
nhim trc php lut v nhng thit hi do vic la chn nh thu khng iu kin nng
lc ph hp vi cng vic.
chng minh nng lc hnh ngh phi c chng ch hnh ngh

a). Chng ch hnh ngh l giy xc nhn nng lc hnh ngh cp cho k s, kin trc s c
trnh chuyn mn v kinh nghim ngh nghip hot ng trong lnh vc thit k quy
hoch xy dng, kho st xy dng, thit k xy dng cng trnh, gim st thi cng xy
dng.
b). Chng ch hnh ngh c quy nh theo mu thng nht v c gi tr trong phm vi c
nc. Chng ch hnh ngh phi nu r phm vi v lnh vc c php hnh ngh.
c). Chng ch hnh ngh trong hot ng xy dng do Gim c S Xy dng cp. Gim c
S Xy dng quyt nh thnh lp Hi ng T vn gip Gim c S Xy dng cp chng
ch hnh ngh trong hot ng xy dng theo quy nh.
iu kin cp chng ch hnh ngh kin trc s
Ngi c cp chng ch hnh ngh kin trc s phi c trnh i hc tr ln thuc
chuyn ngnh kin trc hoc quy hoch xy dng, c kinh nghim trong cng tc thit k ti
thiu 5 nm v tham gia thit k kin trc t nht 5 cng trnh hoc 5 n quy hoch xy
dng c ph duyt.
iu kin cp chng ch hnh ngh k s

Ngi c cp chng ch hnh ngh k s phi c trnh i hc tr ln thuc chuyn
ngnh ph hp vi lnh vc hnh ngh xin ng k, c kinh nghim trong lnh vc ng k
hnh ngh t nht 5 nm v tham gia thc hin thit k hoc kho st t nht 5 cng trnh.
iu kin cp chng ch hnh ngh gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh
(i). Ngi c cp chng ch hnh ngh gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh phi c trnh
i hc tr ln thuc chuyn ngnh ph hp vi lnh vc hnh ngh xin ng k; trc
tip tham gia thit k hoc thi cng xy dng t 3 nm tr ln hoc t nht 5 cng trnh hoc
c kinh nghim gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh 3 nm tr ln trc khi Lut Xy dng
c hiu lc; qua lp bi dng nghip v gim st thi cng xy dng.
(ii). i vi nhng ngi c trnh cao ng, trung cp thuc chuyn ngnh ph hp,
trc tip tham gia thit k hoc thi cng xy dng hoc gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh
t nht 3 nm, qua lp bi dng nghip v gim st thi cng xy dng th c cp
chng ch hnh ngh gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh. Chng ch ny ch c dng
thc hin gim st i vi cng trnh cp IV.
iu kin nng lc ca ch nhim lp d n
1. Nng lc ca Ch nhim lp d n c phn thnh 2 hng theo loi cng trnh. Ch

nhim lp d n phi c trnh i hc thuc chuyn ngnh ph hp vi tnh cht, yu cu
ca d n v p ng cc iu kin tng ng vi mi hng di y:
a) Hng 1: c thi gian lin tc lm cng tc lp d n ti thiu 7 nm, l ch nhim lp 1
d n nhm A hoc 2 d n nhm B cng loi hoc l ch nhim thit k hng 1 i vi cng
trnh cng loi d n;
b) Hng 2: c thi gian lin tc lm cng tc lp d n ti thiu 5 nm, l ch nhim lp 1

d n nhm B hoc 2 d n nhm C cng loi hoc l ch nhim thit k hng 2 tr ln
i vi cng trnh cng loi d n;
c) Ring i vi vng su, vng xa, nhng c nhn c bng cao ng, trung cp thuc chuyn
ngnh ph hp vi loi d n, c thi gian lin tc lm cng tc lp d n, thit k ti thiu 5 nm
th c cng nhn l ch nhim lp d n hng 2.
2. Phm vi hot ng:
a) Hng 1: c lm ch nhim lp d n i vi d n quan trng quc gia, d n nhm A,

B, C cng loi;
b) Hng 2: c lm ch nhim lp d n i vi d n nhm B, C cng loi;
c) i vi c nhn cha xp hng c lm ch nhim lp Bo co kinh t - k thut xy

dng cng trnh cng loi; nu lm ch nhim 5 Bo co kinh t - k thut xy dng cng
trnh th c lm ch nhim lp d n nhm C cng loi.
iu kin nng lc ca t chc t vn khi lp d n
1. Nng lc ca t chc t vn lp d n c phn thnh 2 hng theo loi d n nh sau:
a) Hng 1: c t nht 20 ngi l kin trc s, k s, k s kinh t ph hp vi yu cu ca

d n; trong c ngi c iu kin lm ch nhim lp d n hng 1 hoc ch nhim
thit k hng 1 cng trnh cng loi;
b) Hng 2: c t nht 10 ngi l kin trc s, k s, k s kinh t ph hp vi yu cu ca

d n; trong c ngi iu kin lm ch nhim lp d n hng 2 hoc ch nhim thit
k hng 2 cng trnh cng loi.
2. Phm vi hot ng:
a) Hng 1: c lp d n quan trng quc gia, d n nhm A, B, C cng loi;
b) Hng 2: c lp d n nhm B, C cng loi;
c) i vi t chc cha iu kin xp hng ch c lp Bo co kinh t - k

thut ca cng trnh cng loi.
iu kin nng lc ca Gim c t vn qun l d n

1. Nng lc ca Gim c t vn qun l d n c phn thnh 2 hng theo loi d n.
Gim c t vn qun l d n phi c trnh i hc thuc chuyn ngnh xy dng ph
hp vi yu cu ca d n, c chng nhn nghip v v qun l d n v p ng cc iu
kin tng ng vi mi hng di y:
a) Gim c t vn qun l d n hng 1:
C thi gian lin tc lm cng tc thit k, thi cng xy dng ti thiu 7 nm, l
Gim c hoc Ph Gim c t vn qun l d n ca 1 d n nhm A hoc 2 d n nhm
B cng loi hoc l ch huy trng cng trng hng 1 hoc ch nhim thit k hng 1;
b) Gim c t vn qun l d n hng 2: c thi gian lin tc lm cng tc thit k, thi

cng xy dng ti thiu 5 nm, l Gim c hoc Ph Gim c t vn qun l d n ca
1 d n nhm B hoc 2 d n nhm C cng loi hoc l ch huy trng cng trng hng
2 hoc ch nhim thit k hng 2;
c) i vi vng su, vng xa, nhng ngi c trnh cao ng hoc trung cp thuc
chuyn ngnh xy dng ph hp vi loi cng trnh, c kinh nghim trong cng tc lp d n
hoc thit k hoc thi cng xy dng ti thiu 5 nm c gi chc danh Gim c t vn
qun l d n hng 2.
2. Trng hp ch u t thnh lp Ban Qun l d n th Gim c qun l d n phi

c trnh i hc tr ln thuc chuyn ngnh ph hp, c chng nhn nghip v v qun l
d n v c kinh nghim lm vic chuyn mn ti thiu 3 nm. Ring i vi cc d n
nhm C vng su, vng xa th Gim c qun l d n c th l ngi c trnh cao ng
hoc trung cp thuc chuyn ngnh ph hp v c kinh nghim lm vic chuyn mn ti
thiu 3 nm. Ch u t c th c ngi thuc b my ca mnh hoc thu ngi p ng
cc iu kin nu trn lm Gim c qun l d n.
3. Phm vi hot ng:
a) Hng 1: c qun l d n quan trng quc gia, d n nhm A, B, C;
b) Hng 2: c qun l d n nhm B, C;
c) i vi c nhn cha c xp hng th ch c qun l Bo co kinh t - k thut xy
dng cng trnh; nu qun l 5 Bo co kinh t - k thut xy dng cng trnh th c qun l
d n nhm C cng loi.
iu kin nng lc ca t chc t vn khi lm t vn qun l d n

1. Nng lc ca t chc t vn qun l d n c phn thnh 2 hng nh sau:
a) Hng 1:
- C Gim c t vn qun l d n hng 1 ph hp vi loi d n;
- C ti thiu 30 kin trc s, k s, k s kinh t ph hp vi yu cu ca d n trong
c t nht 3 k s kinh t;
- thc hin qun l t nht 1 d n nhm A hoc 2 d n nhm B cng loi.
b) Hng 2:
- C Gim c t vn qun l d n hng 1 hoc hng 2 ph hp vi loi d n;
- C ti thiu 20 kin trc s, k s, k s kinh t ph hp vi yu cu ca d n trong
c t nht 2 k s kinh t;
- thc hin qun l t nht 1 d n nhm B hoc 2 d n nhm C cng loi.
2. Phm vi hot ng:
a) Hng 1: c qun l d n quan trng quc gia, d n nhm A, B, C;
b) Hng 2: c qun l d n nhm B, C;
c) Cc t chc cha iu kin xp hng c thc hin qun l Bo co kinh t - k
thut xy dng cng trnh.
3. i vi t chc t vn qun l d n cha iu kin xp hng, nu thc hin qun
l d n t nht 5 Bo co kinh t - k thut xy dng cng trnh th c thc hin qun l d
n nhm C.
iu kin nng lc ca ch nhim kho st xy dng

1. Nng lc ca ch nhim kho st c phn thnh 2 hng nh sau:
a) Hng 1: c chng ch hnh ngh k s, l ch nhim t nht 1 nhim v kho st
cng trnh cp I tr ln hoc ch nhim 5 nhim v kho st cng trnh cp II;
b) Hng 2: c chng ch hnh ngh k s, ch nhim t nht 1 nhim v kho st ca
cng trnh cp II hoc 3 nhim v kho st ca cng trnh cp III hoc tham gia t
nht 5 nhim v kho st cng trnh cp II tr ln.
2. Phm vi hot ng:
a) Hng 1: c lm ch nhim kho st ca cng trnh cp c bit, cp I, cp II, cp
III v cp IV cng loi;
b) Hng 2: c lm ch nhim kho st ca cng trnh cp II, cp III v cp IV cng loi;
c) i vi kho st a hnh, cc ch nhim kho st c lm ch nhim kho st cc
loi quy m.
iu kin nng lc ca t chc t vn khi kho st xy dng

1. Nng lc ca t chc kho st xy dng c phn thnh 2 hng nh sau:
a) Hng 1:
- C t nht 20 ngi l k s ph hp vi yu cu ca nhim v kho st, trong c
ngi iu kin lm ch nhim kho st hng 1;
- C thit b ph hp vi tng loi kho st v phng th nghim hp chun;
- thc hin t nht 1 nhim v kho st ca cng trnh cp c bit hoc cp I cng
loi, hoc 2 nhim v kho st ca cng trnh cp II cng loi.
b) Hng 2:
- C t nht 10 ngi l k s ph hp vi yu cu ca nhim v kho st trong c
ngi iu kin lm ch nhim kho st hng 2;
- C thit b kho st thc hin tng loi kho st;
- thc hin t nht 1 nhim v kho st ca cng trnh cp II cng loi hoc 2 nhim v
kho st ca cng trnh cp III cng loi.
2. Phm vi hot ng:
a) Hng 1: c thc hin nhim v kho st ca cng trnh cp c bit, cp I, cp II,
cp III v cp IV cng loi;
b) Hng 2: c thc hin nhim v kho st ca cng trnh cp II, cp III v cp IV
cng loi;
c) i vi kho st a hnh, ch cc t chc kho st hng 1 v 2 mi c thc hin
kho st a hnh cc loi quy m.
3. i vi t chc kho st xy dng cha iu kin xp hng, nu thc hin t
nht 5 nhim v kho st xy dng ca cng trnh cp IV th c thc hin nhim v kho st
xy dng ca cng trnh cp III cng loi.
iu kin nng lc ca ch nhim thit k xy dng cng trnh

1. Ch nhim thit k xy dng cng trnh c phn thnh 2 hng nh sau:
a) Hng 1:
- C chng ch hnh ngh kin trc s, k s ph hp vi cng vic m nhn;
- l ch nhim thit k t nht 1 cng trnh cp c bit hoc cp I hoc 2 cng trnh
cp II cng loi hoc lm ch tr thit k 1 lnh vc chuyn mn chnh ca 3 cng trnh
cp c bit hoc cp I cng loi.
b) Hng 2:
- l ch nhim thit k t nht 1 cng trnh cp II hoc 2 cng trnh cp III cng loi
hoc lm ch tr thit k 1 lnh vc chuyn mn chnh ca 3 cng trnh cp II cng loi.
2. Phm vi hot ng:
a) Hng 1: c lm ch nhim thit k cng trnh cp c bit, cp I, cp II, cp III v
cp IV cng loi v lm ch nhim lp d n nhm A, B, C cng loi;
b) Hng 2: c lm ch nhim thit k cng trnh cp II, cp III v cp IV
cng loi v c lm ch nhim lp d n nhm B, C cng loi.
iu kin nng lc ca ch tr thit k xy dng cng trnh

1. Ch tr thit k xy dng cng trnh c phn thnh 2 hng nh sau:
a) Hng 1:
- C chng ch hnh ngh kin trc s, k s ph hp vi cng vic m
nhn;
- lm ch tr thit k chuyn mn ca t nht 1 cng trnh cp c bit hoc cp I
hoc 2 cng trnh cp II cng loi.
b) Hng 2:
- lm ch tr thit k chuyn mn ca t nht 1 cng trnh cp II hoc 2 cng trnh cp
III cng loi hoc tham gia thit k 5 cng trnh cng loi.
c) Ring i vi vng su, vng xa, nhng c nhn c trnh cao ng, trung cp
thuc chuyn ngnh ph hp vi loi cng trnh, c thi gian lin tc lm cng tc thit k
ti thiu 5 nm th c lm ch tr thit k cng trnh cp III, cp IV, tr cc cng trnh bt
buc thc hin kim tra, chng nhn iu kin bo m an ton chu lc theo quy nh.
2. Phm vi hot ng:
a) Hng 1: c lm ch tr thit k cng lnh vc chuyn mn cng trnh cp c bit,
cp I, cp II, cp III v cp IV;
b) Hng 2: c lm ch tr thit k cng lnh vc chuyn mn cng trnh cp II, cp III
v cp IV.
iu kin nng lc ca t chc t vn khi thit k xy dng cng trnh

1. Nng lc ca t chc t vn thit k xy dng c phn thnh 2 hng theo loi cng
trnh nh sau:
a) Hng 1:
- C t nht 20 ngi l kin trc s, k s thuc cc chuyn ngnh ph hp trong c
ngi iu kin lm ch nhim thit k xy dng cng trnh hng 1;
- C ch tr thit k hng 1 v cc b mn thuc cng trnh cng loi;
- thit k t nht 1 cng trnh cp c bit hoc cp I hoc 2 cng trnh cp II cng
loi.
b) Hng 2:
- C t nht 10 ngi l kin trc s, k s thuc cc chuyn ngnh ph hp trong c
ngi iu kin lm ch nhim thit k xy dng cng trnh hng 2;
- C ch tr thit k hng 2 v cc b mn thuc cng trnh cng loi;
- thit k t nht 1 cng trnh cp II hoc 2 cng trnh cp III cng loi.
2. Phm vi hot ng:
a) Hng 1: c thit k cng trnh cp c bit, cp I , cp II, cp III v cp IV cng loi;
lp d n quan trng quc gia, d n nhm A, B, C cng loi;
b) Hng 2: c thit k cng trnh cp II, cp III v cp IV cng loi; lp d n nhm
B, C cng loi;
c) i vi t chc cha iu kin xp hng th c thit k cng trnh cp IV
cng loi, lp Bo co kinh t - k thut xy dng cng trnh ca cng trnh cng loi.
3. i vi t chc t vn thit k cha iu kin xp hng, nu thit k t nht 5
cng trnh cp IV th c thit k cng trnh cp III cng loi.
iu kin nng lc ca ch tr thm tra thit k xy dng cng trnh v t chc t vn khi
thm tra thit k xy dng cng trnh
1. iu kin nng lc ca ch tr thm tra thit k xy dng cng trnh tng ng vi
iu kin nng lc ca ch tr thit k xy dng cng trnh quy nh ti iu 48 Ngh nh
ny.
2. iu kin nng lc ca t chc t vn khi thm tra thit k xy dng cng trnh tng
ng vi iu kin nng lc ca t chc t vn khi thit k xy dng cng trnh quy nh ti
Ngh nh 12-2009/N-CP ny.
iu kin nng lc ca t chc t vn khi gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh
1. Nng lc ca t chc gim st cng trnh c phn thnh 2 hng theo loi cng trnh
nh sau:
a) Hng 1:
- C t nht 20 ngi c chng ch hnh ngh gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh
thuc cc chuyn ngnh ph hp;
- gim st thi cng xy dng t nht 1 cng trnh cp c bit hoc cp I, hoc 2 cng
trnh cp II cng loi.
b) Hng 2:
- C t nht 10 ngi c chng ch hnh ngh gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh
thuc cc chuyn ngnh ph hp;
- gim st thi cng xy dng t nht 1 cng trnh cp II hoc 2 cng trnh cp III
cng loi.
2. Phm vi hot ng:
a) Hng 1: c gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh cp c bit, cp I, II, III
v IV cng loi;
b) Hng 2: c gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh cp II, III v IV cng loi;
c) i vi t chc cha iu kin xp hng th c gim st thi cng xy dng
cng trnh cp IV cng loi.
3. i vi t chc t vn gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh cha iu kin
xp hng, nu gim st thi cng t nht 5 cng trnh cp IV th c gim st thi cng xy
dng cng trnh cp III cng loi.
iu kin nng lc ca ch huy trng cng trng

1. Nng lc ca ch huy trng cng trng c phn thnh 2 hng. Ch huy trng cng
trng phi c bng i hc tr ln thuc chuyn ngnh ph hp vi loi cng trnh v p ng cc
iu kin tng ng vi mi hng di y:
a) Hng 1:
- C thi gian lin tc lm cng tc thi cng xy dng ti thiu 7 nm;
- l ch huy trng cng trng ca cng trnh cp c bit hoc cp I hoc 2 cng
trnh cp II cng loi.
b) Hng 2:
- C thi gian lin tc lm cng tc thi cng xy dng ti thiu 5 nm;
- l ch huy trng cng trng ca cng trnh cp II hoc 2 cng trnh cp III cng
loi.
c) i vi vng su, vng xa, nhng ngi c trnh cao ng hoc trung cp thuc
chuyn ngnh xy dng ph hp vi loi cng trnh, c kinh nghim thi cng ti thiu 5 nm
c gi chc danh ch huy trng hng 2.
2. Phm vi hot ng:
a) Hng 1: c lm ch huy trng cng trnh cp c bit, cp I, II, III v IV cng
loi;
b) Hng 2: c lm ch huy trng cng trnh cp II, III v IV cng loi;
c) i vi c nhn cha c xp hng th ch lm c ch huy trng cng trnh cp
IV; nu lm ch huy trng 5 cng trnh cp IV th c lm ch huy trng cng trnh cp
III cng loi.
iu kin nng lc ca t chc thi cng xy dng khi thi cng xy dng cng trnh
1. Nng lc ca t chc thi cng xy dng cng trnh c phn thnh 2 hng theo loi
cng trnh nh sau:
a) Hng 1:
- C ch huy trng hng 1 ca cng trnh cng loi;
- C kin trc s, k s thuc chuyn ngnh ph hp vi loi cng trnh thi cng xy
dng;
- C cng nhn k thut c chng ch o to ph hp vi cng vic m nhn;
- C thit b thi cng ch yu thi cng xy dng cng trnh;
- thi cng xy dng t nht 1 cng trnh cp c bit, cp I hoc 2 cng trnh cp II
cng loi.
b) Hng 2:
- C ch huy trng hng 1 hoc hng 2 ca cng trnh cng loi;
- C kin trc s, k s thuc chuyn ngnh ph hp vi loi cng trnh thi cng xy
dng;
- C cng nhn k thut c chng ch o to ph hp vi cng vic m nhn;
- C thit b thi cng ch yu thi cng xy dng cng trnh;
- thi cng xy dng t nht 1 cng trnh cp II hoc 2 cng trnh cp III cng loi .
2. Phm vi hot ng:
a) Hng 1: c thi cng xy dng cng trnh cp c bit, cp I, cp II, cp
III v cp IV cng loi;
b) Hng 2: c thi cng xy dng cng trnh t cp II, cp III v cp IV cng loi ;
c) i vi t chc cha iu kin xp hng th c thi cng xy dng cng trnh
ci to, sa cha c tng mc u t di 3 t ng, nh ring l.
3. i vi t chc thi cng xy dng cng trnh cha iu kin xp hng, nu thi
cng ci to 3 cng trnh th c thi cng xy dng cng trnh cp IV v tip sau nu thi
cng xy dng t nht 5 cng trnh cp IV th c thi cng xy dng cng trnh cp III cng
loi.
iu kin ca c nhn hnh ngh c lp thit k, kho st, gim st thi cng xy dng cng
trnh
1. iu kin ca c nhn hnh ngh c lp thit k, kho st xy dng, gim st thi
cng xy dng cng trnh nh sau:
a) C chng ch hnh ngh ph hp vi lnh vc hnh ngh;
b) C ng k kinh doanh hot ng hnh ngh thit k, kho st, gim st thi cng xy
dng theo quy nh ca php lut.
2. Phm vi hot ng:
a) C nhn hnh ngh c lp kho st xy dng ch c t vn cho ch u t v vic
lp nhim v kho st, thm nh ph duyt kt qu tng loi kho st ph hp vi chng
ch;
b) C nhn hnh ngh c lp thit k xy dng cng trnh c thit k cc cng trnh
cp IV cng loi v nh ring l;
c) C nhn hnh ngh gim st thi cng xy dng c lp c gim st thi cng xy
dng cng trnh cp IV cng loi v nh ring l.
3. C nhn hnh ngh c lp khi hot ng phi thc hin theo cc quy nh ca php
lut.
Quyn v ngha v ca c nhn c cp chng ch hnh ngh

1. C nhn c cp chng ch hnh ngh c quyn:
a) S dng chng ch hnh ngh thc hin cc cng vic theo quy nh ca php lut;
b) Khiu ni, t co nhng hnh vi vi phm cc quy nh v cp chng ch hnh ngh.
2. C nhn c cp chng ch hnh ngh c ngha v:
a) Tham gia cc lp bi dng v chuyn mn nghip v lin quan ti vic cp chng
ch hnh ngh thit k, kho st, gim st thi cng xy dng;
b) Ch c thc hin kho st xy dng, thit k, gim st thi cng xy dng trong
phm vi chng ch hnh ngh cho php;
c) Chu trch nhim trc php lut v ni dung h s, cht lng cc cng vic do
mnh thc hin;
d) Khng c ty xo, cho mn chng ch hnh ngh.
iu kin nng lc ca c nhn, t chc nc ngoi hot ng xy dng ti Vit Nam

T chc, c nhn nc ngoi khi hnh ngh lp d n, qun l d n, kho st xy dng,
thit k xy dng, thm tra thit k xy dng, thi cng xy dng, gim st thi cng xy dng
ti Vit Nam phi iu kin nng lc theo quy nh ca Ngh nh ny v hng dn ca
B Xy dng.
6. Kim tra cht lng vt t, vt liu v thit b trc khi lp t vo cng trnh
Vt t, vt liu, cu kin, bn thnh phm v thit b trc khi a vo thi

cng hoc lp t vo cng trnh phi c kim tra v ch u t
chp nhn bng vn bn.
Vt liu xy dng l thnh phn quan trng to nn cht lng cng
trnh xy dng. Vt liu xy dng rt a dng v chng loi. m
bo c cht lng cng trnh xy dng, cn kim tra, gim st cht lng
chng khi a vo s dng.
Ti liu ny a ra cc nguyn tc kim tra cht lng vt liu xy
dng ni chung v cp c th ti trnh t v ni dung gim st cc loi
vt liu chnh, thng s dng trong cc cng trnh xy dng nh:
1. B tng nng thng thng (mc C10-40)

2. B tng c bit:
- Loi mc cao (C50-60);
- B tng chng thm;
- B tng chu un;
- B tng bm;
- B tng ko di thi gian ninh kt;
- B tng cho kt cu cn tho gio sm.
3. Khi xy thng thng
4. Va c bit
5. Thp ct b tng
6. Ngi lp, tm lp
7. Sn, vi.
1. Yu cu v cc bc gim st
Vic kim tra gim st cht lng vt liu trong thi cng v nghim
thu cng trnh l mt trong cc hot ng chnh ca cng tc qun l
cht lng xy dng. Vic qun l cht lng xy dng ni chung v vt
liu xy dng ni ring phi tun theo qui nh ca nh nc th hin
trong Quy nh qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng ban hnh km
theo Quyt nh 17/2000/Q-BXD ngy 02/08/2000 ca B trng B Xy
dng. Trong c mt s iu khon cn lu i vi vic gim st thi
cng v nghim thu cng trnh nh sau:
- Yu cu ca cng tc gim st (iu 14) l phi tin hnh thng xuyn,

lin tc, c h thng nhm ngn nga cc sai phm k thut m bo
vic nghim thu khi lng v cht lng cc cng tc xy lp ca nh thu
c thc hin theo thit k c duyt, Quy chun xy dng, tiu chun
k thut c p dng, cc qui nh v an ton lao ng v ph hp vi hp
ng giao nhn thu.
- Trch nhim gim st c qui nh theo cc giai on thi cng (iu

17):
a. Giai on chun b thi cng:

Kim tra danh mc, qui cch, chng loi v tnh nng ca vt liu, cu
kin, sn phm xy dng, thit b s s dng trong cng trnh do nh
thu xy lp lp.
b. Giai on thc hin thi cng:

Kim tra vt liu, cu kin, sn phm xy dng ti hin trng; khng
cho php a vt liu , cu kin, sn phm xy dng khng ph hp vi
tiu chun v cht lng v qui cch vo s dng trong cng trnh. Khi cn
thit, phi ly mu th nghim kim nh cht lng v cc tnh nng
ca vt liu, cu kin, sn phm xy dng
c. Giai on hon thnh xy dng cng trnh

Kim tra, tp hp ton b h s php l v ti liu qun l cht lng
i vi cng trnh.
Nh vy, tun th theo Quy nh qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng
ban hnh km theo Quyt nh 17/2000/Q-BXD, vic kim tra gim st
cht lng vt liu phi t c mc ch ngn nga sai phm l chnh v
cn c thc hin theo cc bc sau:
1. Kim tra cht lng vt liu trc khi thi cng;

2. Gim st s dng vt liu trong qu trnh thi cng;
3. Nghim thu ti liu qun l cht lng vt liu sau khi thi cng.
Bc 1 v bc 3 p dng cho tt c cc loi vt liu. Bc 2 p dng cho cc

loi vt liu thay i hoc c tnh cht ch hnh thnh hon chnh
trong v sau qu trnh thi cng.
2. Cn c gim st
Cn c php l v k thut m ngi k s ly lm chun gim st

l: Yu cu ca thit k; Cc tiu chun, quy phm, ti liu k thut c
duyt v cc yu cu ring ca ch u t.
2.1. Yu cu ca thit k
Cc yu cu chnh v vt liu thng c th hin trc tip trn bn

v (v d: b tng C30 MPa, ct thp CII Ra 300 N/mm2 ...), cc yu cu
khc c th c ch dn tun th theo mt s tiu chun quy phm hoc
ti liu k thut bin son ring.
2.2. Tiu chun, quy phm, ti liu k thut
+ Tiu chun, quy phm
Khi thit k ch nh trc tip trn bn v.
V d: Thp CIII TCVN 1651-85; thp SD 490 JIS G 3112 - 91 th gim

st vt liu c thc hin theo cc tiu chun thit k quy nh.
Khi thit k khng ch nh trc tip trn bn v.
Khi gim st vt liu c thc hin theo quy tc:

Thit k kt cu theo tiu chun quc gia no th vt liu c kim tra
gim st theo tiu chun quc gia .
+ Ti liu k thut
mt s cng trnh ln, c bit l cng trnh nc ngoi thit k

theo tiu chun nc ngoi, ngi thit k c th son tho cc ti liu k
thut ring di dng trch yu cc ni dung, yu cu chnh t cc tiu
chun, quy phm cn c p dng. Ti liu ny l thng tin chung v yu
cu ca ngi thit k. Cch lm ny trnh c vic ghi qu nhiu yu cu
trn mt bn v v lp li mt thng tin trn nhiu bn v.
Mt vi v d:
- Specification for concrete work (iu kin cho cng tc b tng)
- Specification for grouting (iu kin cho cng tc va rt)
- iu kin k thut cng tc sn xut b tng thu in Ho bnh
...
Thc cht ti liu k thut cng l s tp hp cc tiu chun quy phm

xy dng di dng rt gn. y cng l cn c bt buc phi p dng cho
cng tc gim st.
2.3. Yu cu ring ca ch u t
Thng thng, trong nhim v BQLDA giao cho b phn k thut trc
thuc hoc trong hp ng giao cho mt t chc gim st khc th yu
cu chnh vn l m bo vic gim st thi cng thc hin theo thit k
c duyt, ph hp tiu chun, quy phm hoc ti liu k thut c
duyt.
Bn cnh ch u t c th t ra mt s yu cu ring buc cng tc
thi cng phi tun th. Cc yu cu ny thng cn c vo iu kin thc
t ca cng trnh, lm thnh cc vn bn quy nh ring khng tri vi
tiu chun quy phm v yu cu thit k.
V d: Cng l thc hin cng vic thi cng b tng C30, ch u t c

th yu cu mt s hoc tt c cc hng mc phi s dng b tng thng
phm hoc b tng bm hoc quy nh ngun vt t cung cp t cht
lng gn im thi cng m bo hiu qu kinh t ca d n, v.v... .
y cng l cn c k thut gim st.
Tm li: Cn c php l, k thut gim st l tp hp cc yu

cu k thut ca thit k, cc tiu chun, quy phm hoc ti liu
k thut cn c p dng v mt s yu cu ring ca ch u t.
Vi mi loi vt liu, cu kin, phi cn c vo cc tiu chun s dng

kim tra.
Kh nh ra cng thc kim tra chung nhng phi cn c vo tiu chun
v cc ch dn ca nh sn xut kim tra cho tng vt liu, bn
thnh phm , cu kin v thit b .
Vai tr ca catalogues y ht sc quan trng v y l cho dn
ca nh sn xut vi cu kin, bn thnh phm hoc thit b m h sn
xut, h c nhng yu cu ring m khi a vo cng trnh ta cn tun
theo.
Ly th d v mt s vt liu, bn thnh phm cn ch khi gim st.
(i) Gim st cht lng b tng nng thng thng (mc C10 - 40)
Cn thng nht khi nim:
- Mc b tng: Cng nn ca b tng tui nghim thu.
- Cng nn: Ch s biu th kh nng b tng chng li ngoi

lc nn p cho ti khi b ph hoi. n v tnh l MPa (N/mm 2) hoc
daN/cm2 (kG/cm2). Cng nn c xc nh theo cng thc:
P
F
R P
F
Trong :
P - Ti trng ph hoi, daN

F - Din tch chu nn ca vin mu, cm2
- H s tnh i kt qu th nn cc
vin mu b tng c kch thc khc vin chun v cng ca vin mu
chun kch thc 150x150x150(mm).
- Cng un (cng ko khi un): Ch s biu th kh nng

b tng chng li ngoi lc un cho n khi gy. n v tnh MPa (N/mm 2)
hoc daN/cm2 (kG/cm2). Cng ko khi un c xc nh theo cng
thc:
Pl
R
ku
a.b 2
Trong :
P - Ti trng un gy mu, daN;
l - Khong cch gia hai gi ta, cm;
a - Chiu rng tit din gang ca mu, cm;
b - Chiu cao tit din ngang ca mu, cm;
- H s tnh i cng ko khi un t vin mu khc chun v vin
mu chun c kch thc 150x150x600(mm).
- chng thm nc: Kh nng b tng ngn khng cho nc thm

qua di p lc thy tnh nht nh. n v tnh l atm. chng thm n-
c l p lc ln nht m 4/6 vin cha b nc thm qua.
- st: cao t h thp ca khi b tng ti, c to hnh trong
cn tiu chun, sau khi nhc cn ra khi b tng . n v o st l
cm.
- ng knh c ht ln nht ca ct liu (Dmax): ng knh ln nht

ca mt sng tnh bng mm, m lng ct liu cn ng li khng
vt qu 10%.
1. Yu cu ca thit k
Yu cu ca thit k i vi vt liu b tng c th gm:

- Mc b tng (hay gi tr cng nn ca b tng tui nghim thu).
V d: i vi cc cng trnh dn dng, cng nghip thng l cng
nn ca b tng tui 28 ngy (R28).
i vi cc cng trnh thu in, thu li c th l cng nn ca b
tng cc tui 180, 90 hoc 28 ngy.
- Gi tr cng nn ca b tng ti thi im thc hin mt cng ngh

no .
V d : cu, lp cu kin, ko cng ng sut, tho vn khun
gio, vn chuyn vv...
- Cc ch tiu c l khc (ngoi cng nn) ca b tng .

V d: cng un, chng thm nc, chu mi mn, khi lng th
tch ...
- Cc yu cu ring i vi vt liu ch to b tng.

V d: Xi mng dng loi PC40 hoc loi t to nhit Q 7ngy 75 Cal/g, loi
bn sunphat
dm Dmax = 20 mm, loi cacbonat hoc granit .
Ph gia loi do ho hoc siu do, ph gia chng thm .
- Cc yu cu lin quan cng ngh thi cng.
i vi mt s cng trnh, thit k c th ging buc yu cu v cng

ngh. V d: s dng b tng ph hp cng ngh cp pha trt, b tng c
thi gian ninh kt ph hp khng pht sinh mch ngng thi cng vv...
Tm li: Yu cu ca thit k i vi vt liu b tng l tp hp cc

quy nh v cng (nn, nn/un), cc ch tiu c l khc (
chng thm nc, chu mi mn ...) ca b tng tui nghim
thu v thc hin mt cng ngh (cu lp, ko ng sut trc ...);
cc yu cu ring lin quan vt liu v cng ngh ch to b tng.
2. Cc tiu chun Vit Nam v vt liu b tng
Bng 12.1. Tiu chun Vit Nam v b tng v vt liu cu thnh

S hiu tiu
Tn tiu chun
chun
Xi mng
- TCVN 2682 : Xi mng Poc lng - Yu cu k thut.
1999
- TCVN 6260 : Xi mng Poc lng hn hp - Yu cu k thut.
1997
- TCVN 4033 : Xi mng Poc lng Puzlan.
1995
- TCVN 4316 : Xi mng Poc lng x ht l cao - Yu cu k
1986 thut .
- TCVN 6067 : Xi mng Poc lng bn sunpht - Yu cu k
1995 thut.
- TCVN 4787 : Xi mng - Phng php ly mu v chun b
1989 mu th.
- TCVN 141 : Xi mng - Phng php phn tch ho hc.
1986
- TCVN 4030 : Xi mng - Phng php xc nh mn ca
1985 bt xi mng.
- TCVN 4031 : Xi mng - Phng php xc nh do tiu
1985 chun, thi gian ninh kt v tnh n nh
th tch.
- TCVN 4032 : Xi mng - P.php xc nh nh gii hn bn
1985 un v nn.
- TCVN 6016 : Xi mng - Phng php th xc nh bn.
1995
- TCVN 6017 : Xi mng - P.hng php xc nh thi gian
1995 ng kt v n nh.
Ct liu
- TCVN 1770 : Ct xy dng - Yu cu k thut.
1986
- TCVN 337 : Ct xy dng - Phng php ly mu.
1986
- TCVN 339 : Ct xy dng - Phng php xc nh khi l-
1986 ng ring.
- TCVN 340 : Ct xy dng - Phng php xc nh khi l-
1986 ng th tch xp v xp.
- TCVN 341 : Ct xy dng - Phng php xc nh m.
1986
- TCVN 342 : Ct xy dng - Phng php xc nh thnh
1986 phn ht v m un ln.
- TCVN 343 : Ct xy dng - Phng php xc nh chung
1986 bn, bi, st.
- TCVN 344 : Ct xy dng - Phng php xc nh hm l-
1986 ng st.
- TCVN 345 : Ct xy dng - Phng php xc nh tp cht
1986 hu c.
1986 ng sunft, sunfit.
1986 ng mica.
- TCVN 238 : Ct liu b tng - Phng php ho hc xc
1999 nh kh nng phn ng kim - silc.
- TCVN 1771 : dm v si dng trong xy dng - Yu cu
1987 k thut.
- TCVN 1772 : , si trong xy dng - Phng php th.
1986
- TCVN 4506 : Nc cho b tng v va - Yu cu k thut
1987
Ph gia
-TCXDVN Ph gia ho hc cho b tng - Yu cu k thut
Hn hp b tng v b tng
- TCVN 3117 : B tng nng- Phng php xc nh co.
1993
- TCVN 3118 : B tng nng- Phng php xc nh cng
1993 nn.
1993 ko khi un.
1993 ko khi ba.
1993 lng tr v m un n hi khi nn tnh.
-TCVN 4453 : Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi
1995 - Thi cng v nghim thu.
-TCVN 191: 1996 B tng v vt liu lm b tng - Thut ng
v nh ngha
- Ch dn k Ch dn thit k thnh phn b tng cc loi
thut
Khi kt cu b tng ct thp c thit k theo tiu chun nc khc th

vt liu b tng cng phi gim st theo tiu chun nc .
V d: Kt cu c thit k theo tiu chun Vit nam th kch thc vin

mu chun c ly theo TCVN 3105-93 (150x150x150 mm), th nghim
p mu theo TCVN 3118-93 ...
Kt cu c thit k theo tiu chun M th kch thc vin mu chun -

c ly theo tiu chun M ASTM C 172 - 99 (xH = 150x300 mm), th
nghim p mu theo tiu chun M ASTM C39- 01
Lu cc tnh hung thng gp:
- H s quy i t cng nn ca b tng xc nh trn vin

mu hnh tr kch thc 150x300 (xH) sang vin mu lp phng kch th-
c 150x150x150 mm: R(Mu lp phng) = k x R(mu tr)
k = 1,15 - 1,25, trung bnh k = 1,2 (TCVN 3118-93)
- Kch thc vin mu c kim tra cng phi ph hp ng knh

ht ln nht ca ct liu s dng.
Dmax = 10,20 mm ( 1x2) dng vin mu kch thc ti thiu
100x100x100mm;
Dmax = 40 mm ( 2 x4) dng vin mu kch thc ti thiu
150x150x150mm;
Dmax = 70 mm ( 4x6) dng vin mu kch thc ti thiu
200x200x200mm;
Dmax = 100 mm ( 6x8) dng vin mu kch thc ti thiu
300x300x300mm.
Dng khun kch thc nh c cc vin mu b tng c ct liu kch

thc to hn quy nh s to ra gi tr cng mu p cao hn 10-30%
nhng y l gi tr gi to, khng ng cng b tng kt cu thc.
(Chi tit tham kho TCVN 3105-93, TCVN 3118-93).
3. Trnh t v ni dung gim st
4.1. Kim tra cht lng vt liu trc khi thi cng
Bao gm kim tra vt liu ch to b tng v thnh phn b tng th
nghim.
4.1.1. Kim tra vt liu ch to b tng
Mc tiu cn t: Vt t cung ng trn cng trng cho khi b tng cn

trong mt nhp thi cng; Cc phiu kim tra cht lng cn ph hp cc
cn c k thut c yu cu.
i vi cc cng trnh p dng TCVN

+ Xi mng: Trong phiu kim tra cn c cc ch tiu : Loi; l sn phm;
mn; thi gian bt u, kt thc ninh kt; tnh n nh th tch;
cng nn.
Xi mng chp thun cho s dng khi cc ch tiu kim tra ph hp

TCVN 2682-99 i vi xi mng poc lng thng, ph hp TCVN 6260-97 i
vi xi mng poc lng hn hp. Ring cng nn ca xi mng Rx nn
chn phi ph hp vi mc b tng ch to Rb nh sau:
Rx/Rb 1 i vi b tng khng c ph gia do ho v Rx/Rb = 0,8 - 1 i
vi b tng c ph gia do ho.
Th nghim kim tra cng nn ca xi mng thc hin theo TCVN

6016: 1995. (Thit b hnh 12.1).
Hnh 12.1. My trn va xi mng v bn dn c mu va xi mng
+ Ct: Trong phiu kim tra cn c cc ch tiu: ngun gc, khi lng
ring, khi lng th tch, lng tp cht hu c, cp phi ht, mun
ln, lng ht trn sng 5 mm, bn.
Ct c chp thun cho s dng khi cc ch tiu kim tra ph hp TCVN
1770-86. i vi b tng Rb < 30MPa khi c lun chng kinh t - k
thut c th linh hot chp thun cho s dng nu ct c 1-2 ch tiu no
khng hon ton ph hp TCVN 1770-86.
Cc loi ct nc bn, nc l cn c khng ch thm ch tiu hm lng Cl-
0,05%.
Cc loi ct s dng cho cc hng mc cng trnh chu lc quan trng, cc
khi kch thc ln cn c khng ch kh nng phn ng kim - silc.
Th nghim kim tra cht lng ct c thc hin theo TCVN 337 346 :
1986.
+ (si): Trong phiu kim tra cn c cc ch tiu: ngun gc, khi lng
th tch, khi lng th tch xp, ng knh ht ln nht, bn, lng ht
thoi dt, cp phi, nn dp.
(si) c chp thun cho s dng khi cc ch tiu kim tra ph hp
TCVN 1771-87.
i vi b tng Rb < 30MPa khi c lun chng kinh t - k thut c th
linh hot chp thun cho s dng nu d dm (si) c 1-2 ch tiu khng
hon ton ph hp TCVN 1771-87.
Cc loi si nc bin, nc l cn c khng ch thm hm lng Cl- 0,01%.
Th nghim kim tra cht lng (si) c thc hin theo TCVN 1172 :
1986. (Thit b th nghim cp phi ht hnh 12.2).
Hnh 12.2. B sng v my lc sng xc nh thnh phn ht ca ct

liu
+ Nc trn v bo dng: Trong phiu kim tra cn c cc ch tiu: loi,

ngun gc; pH; lng mui ho tan, lng ion Cl- , lng ion SO4=.
Nc c chp thun cho s dng nu cc ch tiu kim tra ph hp TCVN
4506-87.
Thn trng khi cho php s dng cc ngun nc nhim mn. Cng trnh
b tng ct thp thng thng xy vng bin nn khng ch Cl -
500mg/l.
+ Ph gia b tng: Chng ch ca nh sn xut hoc phiu kim tra cn
c cc ch tiu : loi; hng sn xut; nng lc v tnh cht (kh nng gim
nc, kh nng ko di ninh kt, ...); t l ph gia khuyn co s dng theo
% so vi xi mng.
Ph gia c chp thun cho s dng khi cht lng ph hp vi cc yu cu
k thut thi cng ca cng trnh, s dng ng hng dn ca hng sn
xut, c kt qu so snh i chng b tng c v khng c ph gia trn
loi ph gia dng cho cng trnh.
Khng nn s dng ph gia c cha Cl - cho kt cu b tng ct thp trong
iu kin Vit nam.
4.1.2. Kim tra thnh phn b tng th nghim
Mc tiu cn t: S ph hp vt liu th nghim v vt liu thi cng,

tin cy ca qu trnh c, p mu th nghim v phiu thnh phn b
tng do phng th nghim lp.
Thnh phn b tng c chp thun cho s dng khi ng thi m bo
cc yu cu sau:
a. Vt liu th nghim c ly t ngun vt t c chun b cung
ng cho mt hng mc cng trnh cn , t cht lng theo kt qu
kim tra nu 4.1.1
b. C st ph hp dng kt cu v bin php thi cng chng. Tham
kho bng 12.2.
Bng 12.2. st hn hp b tng nn dng cho cc dng kt cu
Dng kt cu st, cm
Ti a Ti thiu
Mng v tng mng b tng ct 7-8 23
thp
Mng b tng, ging chm, tng 78 23
phn ngm
Dm, tng b tng ct thp 910 23
Ct 910 23
ng, nn, sn 78 23
Khi ln 56 23
Ghi ch: Bng ny p dng cho thi gian thi cng 45 pht thi tit nng
(T 30oC) hoc 60 pht cho thi tit mt (T< 30oC).
- Khi thi cng m my, st theo bng 12.2.

- Khi thi cng m th cng, st c th chn cao hn 2 3cm.
- Khi thi cng m bng phng php rung nn, rung va, st
chn bng 01 cm hoc chn hn hp c cng Vebe 4 8 s.
- st thch hp phc v mt s cng ngh thi cng c bit c
th chn nh sau: Cc khoan nhi: 14 16cm; b tng bm: 12
18cm tu theo khong cch v chiu cao bm; chn cc khe, hc, mi
ni nh khng m c: 18 22 cm.
- Khi thi gian thi cng cn ko di thm 3045 pht, st c
th chn cao hn 23 cm so vi gi tr ghi bng 12.2.
c. sn lng: Thnh phn b tng th nghim phi m bo th

tch cho 1m3 b tng s dng (tnh trn vt liu kh). iu ny c kim
tra bng cng thc:
X C
---- + N + -------+ -------- = 1000, lt (1)
aX aC a
Trong :
X, N, C, l lng dng xi mng , nc, ct, (si) cho 1m3 b tng trng
thi kh;
aX , - Khi lng ring ca xi mng, gi tr trung bnh vi xi mng Poc lng
bng 3,1g/cm3
aC, a - Khi lng th tch ca ct, hoc si cho 1m 3 b tng, gi tr
thng gp:
aC = 2,62 - 2,65 g/cm3 vi ct sng,
a = 2,63-2,68 g/cm3 vi dm gc vi; 2,7-2,8 g/cm3 vi dm
grant; 2,63-2,66 g/cm3 vi si
V d: B tng mc 20 (MPa) thng gp

Thnh phn 1m3 b tng 1:
X1 = 340 kg; C1 = 685 kg; 1 = 1180 Kg; N1 = 185 lt
Thnh phn 1m3 b tng 2:
X2 = 390 kg; C2 = 780 kg; 2 = 1360 Kg; N2 = 210 lt
Th tch b tng thc theo cng thc 1 l:
V1 = 340/3,1 + 685/2,63 + 1180/2,65 + 185 = 1000 lt = 1m3
V2 = 390/3,1 + 780/2,63 + 1360/2,65 + 210 = 1145 lt =

1,145m3
Nh vy thnh phn 2 c lng dng xi mng ln hn so vi thnh phn 1
nhng thc cht th tch ca chng li ln hn 1 m 3 nn thnh phn
cn c hiu chnh qui v 1m3: V2/V1 = 1,145/1 = 1,145
Xcp2 = X2/1,145 = 340 kg Ccp2 = C2/1,145 = 681 kg

cp2 = 2/1,145 = 1188 kg Ncp2 = N2/1,145 = 183 kg
Thnh phn ng ca 1m3 b tng 2:

X2 = 340 kg; C2 = 681 kg; 2 = 1188 Kg; N2 = 183 lt
d. t mc trn mu th nghim thnh phn:
Mu b tng sau khi c c th nghim kim tra cng nn c quy

i v cng mu chun kch thc 150x150x150 mm. Cng nn
tng vin mu b tng c tnh theo cng thc:
R = . P/F (2)
Trong : P - Ti trng ph hoi, tnh bng daN;
F - Din tch chu lc nn ca vin mu, tnh bng cm 2;
- H s tnh i kt qu th nn cc vin mu b tng kch thc

khc vin mu chun v cng ca vin mu kch thc
150x150x150mm. Gi tr ly theo bng 12.3.
Bng 12.3. H s qui i cng t cc mu khng tiu chun v mu

chun
Hnh dng v kch thc mu H s tnh i

(mm)
Mu lp phng
100x100x100 0,91
150x150x150 1,00
200x200x200 1,05
300x300x300 1,10
Mu tr
71,4x143 v 100x200 1,16
150x300 1,20
200x400 1,24
Cng nn ca thnh phn b tng th nghim l trung bnh s hc
ca cng nn cc vin mu (chi tit xem TCVN 3118-93)
Thnh phn b tng th nghim c coi l t khi c mc d phng cho

thi cng nh sau:
- Trong trng hp ong bng x, xe ci tin, trn bng xng, m
bng tay: cng nn trung bnh vt mc b tng thit k 18-20%;
- Trong trng hp ong bng xe ci tin vch mc chnh xc, hc
ong th tch chnh xc, trn bng my, m bng my: cng nn
trung bnh vt mc thit k 13-15%;
- Trong trng hp cn t ng, trn my, m my: cng nn
trung bnh vt mc b tng thit k 10-12%.
e. t mc theo cc ch tiu khc nu thit k c yu cu: cng chu

un, mc chng thm, cng cc tui cng ngh ...
Sau khi kim tra y thy t tt c cc yu cu k trn (t a-e) c

th tin hnh chp nhn cho s dng thnh phn th nghim ch
to b tng kt cu.
4.2. Gim st thi cng
Bao gm gim st cc cng on trn, vn chuyn, m, bo dng,

ly mu th c l v s l khuyt tt (nu c).
4.2.1. Gim st trn hn hp b tng
Mc tiu cn dt: S dng ng vt liu, ph hp vi thnh phn b tng

th nghim c chp thun.
Trn b tng theo cc cng ngh khc nhau: th cng (cn ong th
cng), bn c gii (cn ng th cng, trn may), c gii (cn ong t
ng , trn my) nh hng ti mc ng u cc tnh cht c l ca b
tng dao ng mc 7-20%.
Cc ni dung gim st chnh:
Thnh phn m trn:

Trnh t xc nh khi lng ca thnh phn mt m trn ph hp dung
tch my trn nh sau:
* Tnh h s ra b tng .
1
= ---------------------------------- (3)
X + C +
vx vc v
Trong :
X,C, - Khi lng xi mng, ct, (si) trong 1m3 b tng, Kg ;
vx, vc, v (vs) - Khi lng th tch xp ( ng) ca xi mng, ct,

( si ), Kg/m3
S liu thng gp vx = 1100 1300 Kg/m3;

vc =1350 1450 Kg/m3; v = 1350 1450 Kg/m3; vs = 1500
1550Kg/m3
* Tnh th tch b tng Vm ti a c th trn 1 m trong thng my dung
tch Vmy
Vm = . Vmy (4)
* Vt liu thc t cho 1 m trn my X1,, C1 , 1 , N1 , PG
X1 = X . Vm (5 )
C1 = C . Vm (6)
1 = . Vm (7)
N1 = N . Vm (8)
PG = PG . Vm (9)
Nng lc my trn: my trn ri t do p dng cho DS 4-5cm. My

trn cng bc p dng cho mi loi st.
iu chnh thnh phn m trn:
Khi ct liu m:
- Th nghim xc nh m ca vt liu.
- Cn c vo thnh phn b tng do phng th nghim cp, iu chnh
thnh phn b tng hin trng ph hp vi m thc t ca vt liu.
Xh =X (10)
Ch = C (1 + Wc/100) (11)
h = (1 + W/100) (12)
Nh = N - C. Wc/100 - (13)
W/100
Xh ,Ch ,h ,Nh :-Khi lng xi mng,ct ,nc ca thnh phn iu chnh,

Kg
X, C , , N : -Khi lng xi mng, ct , nc ca thnh phn vt liu kh,
Kg
Wc , W : - m tng ng ca ct, , %
- Khi ch c tnh c m ca ct, , cn khng ch cht ch

lng nc trn Nh m bo hn hp trn ra cho ng st ca
thnh phn th nghim.
Khi ct ln si:
- Lng si trong ct xc nh bng lng c ht > 5mm. Thnh phn b tng

hin trng c hiu chnh nh sau: Xi mng v nc gi nguyn, lng ct v
c hiu chnh theo cng thc 14 v 15:
Ch = C (1 + Shc/100) (14)
h = - C. Shc/100) (15)
Trong : Ch ,h : Khi lng ct, ca thnh phn hin trng, Kg

S hc : Lng si trong ct st li trn sng 5mm , xc nh qua
th nghim,%
C , : Khi lng ct, ca thnh phn th nghim,Kg
- Nu trong thnh phn thit k, lng si trong ct c tnh b vo

ct th cn so snh lng si trong ct thc t hin trng Shs vi lng si
thnh phn th nghim Ss. Khi gi tr Shs trong cc cng thc 13 v 14
c thay bng (Shs - Ss).
4.2.2. Gim st vn chuyn hn hp b tng
Mc tiu cn t: m bo hn hp b tng ti ca my bm v ti v tr
b tng c st ph hp yu cu ghi mc 4.1.2 (b).
T cc yu cu ghi mc 4.1.2.b v mc tn tht st trung bnh 2-3
cm cho 30 pht ma h v 45 pht v ma ng cho php s dng thnh
phn th nghim iu chnh st ti trm trn theo nguyn tc:
ng thi tng nc v tng xi mng (gi nguyn t l N/X v lng ct liu).
Mt thng s khc cn gim st trong qu trnh vn chuyn l s phn ly
ca hn hp b tng, tc hin tng ct liu ln chm xung hoc tch khi
m trn, xi mng nc ni ln trn. iu ny thng xy ra vi hn hp b tng
c st ln, vn chuyn bng xe ben trn ng xc hoc b tng t xi
mng (180 - 220 kg/m3). Khi hn hp b tng cn c yu cu o li
bng xng trc khi vo kt cu.
4.2.3. Gim st , m b tng kt cu
Mc tiu cn t : Khng b tng trong kt cu b r hoc phn

tng
Gii hn cho php thi cng khng b r
a) st:
- m di: DSmin = 2-3 cm vi kt cu ln hoc t ct thp;
DSmin = 4-5 cm vi kt cu mnh hoc dy ct thp
- m tay: DSmin = 5-6 cm vi kt cu ln hoc t ct thp;
DSmin = 7-8 cm vi kt cu mnh hoc dy ct thp
b) Kch thc :
ng knh ht ln nht ca (si), Dmax, thi cng mt kt cu c

th cn m bo ng thi cc iu kin:
- Khng vt qu 1/5 kch thc nh nht gia cc mt trong ca vn
khun;
- Khng vt qu 1/3 chiu dy tm, bn;
- Khng vt qu 3/4 kch thc thng thu gia cc thanh ct thp
lin k.
c) , m theo tng lp, ng quy nh ca TCVN 4453-95
Lu :
-Trnh x hn hp b tng trc tip t bunke hoc vi bm vo kt cu
cao (ct, ...).
-Trnh dng m san b tng.
-Trnh m st hoc m qu lu, lp li nhiu ln 1 v tr (b tng
b phn tng).
Hnh 12.3. Thi cng bm b tng sn
Hnh 12.4. Thi cng b tng bm

Hnh 12.5. v m b tng bm
d) Ch ng s l cc mch ngng
i vi cc kt cu ln v khi tch hoc din tch cn cn c nng lc thi
cng thc t ch ng t cc mch ngng. trnh r cho cc mch
ngng ny nn ri 1 lp va XM:C mng (2-3cm) c t l tng t nh XM:C
trong thnh phn b tng vo mch ngng trc khi lp b tng mi.
e) C d phng thi tit: nng gt, ma, gi ln.
4.2.4. Gim st bo dng b tng
Mc tiu cn t: B tng pht trin cng thun li, chng nt do co

ngt.
Hnh thc bo dng:

- Ph m hc phun ph cht chng mt nc;
- Phun nc theo chu k;
- Ngm nc.
Khi b tng khng c ba dng cng nn, ko ca b tng

c th b suy gim 10-30%, cc kt cu b mt rng, bng b tng
bm d b nt do co ngt. Cc dng vt nt co ngt thng gp:
- Nt mt khng theo mt hng xc nh.
- Nt dc theo cc thanh ct thp;
- Nt u theo khong cch 6-12 m/vt i vi cc kt cu di.
- Thi gian bo dng m cn thit theo qui nh TCVN 5592-91
(bng 12.4).
Bng 12.4. Thi gian bo dng m cn thit (TCVN 5592:1991)
Vng kh hu Tn Thng Cng bo Thi gian

bo dng BT ma dng ti hn, bo dng
%R28 cn thit,
ngy m
T Din chu H 4-9 50-55 3
ra Bc ng 10-3 40-50 4
T Din chu Kh 2-7 55-60 4
n Thun Ma 8-1 35-40 2
hi v pha
ng Trng
sn
Ty nguyn v Kh 12-4 70 6
Nam b Ma 5-11 30 1
4.2.5. Gim st th nghim th st, ly mu th cng
Th st:
- Kim tra st ca hn hp b tng nhm gim st s ph hp ca

chng i vi cng ngh yu cu.
- Dng c th nghim st: cn hnh nn v que chc theo yu cu

TCVN 3106: 1993.
- Lu khi thc hin: Cn th phi c gi c nh, khng lc ngang
Nhc cn phi nh nhng, theo phng thng ng.
Ly mu th cng :
- Cc mu kim tra cng b tng c ly ti ni b tng v

c bo dng m tng t kt cu theo TCVN 3105:1993
- Khi lng ly mu 1,5 V cn ly.
- c mu: kch thc vin mu tu thuc vo Dmax ct liu ly theo
bng 12.5.
Bng 12.5
Dmax ct liu, mm Kch thc vin mu lp phng,
mm
10 v 20 100
50 150
70 200
100 300
- Yu cu: Mu ly c m bo khng b mt nc; khng b tc ng

ca nhit
- Th cng b tng theo TCVN 3118:1993
Hnh 12.6. Ly mu kim tra cht lng b tng hin trng

Hnh 12.7. Nn - kim tra cng b tng mu hnh lp phng (tri)
Un - kim tra cng nn b tng mu hnh lng tr (phi)
- Cc thng s nh hng chnh ti cng nn ca b tng.
Rb28 = A.Rx (X/N - 0,5) khi X/N 2,5 (16)

R b
28
= A1.Rx (X/N + 0,5) khi X/N > 2,5 (17)
Trong :
Rb28 - cng nn ca b tng tui 28 ngy m, MPa;
Rx - cng thc t ca xi mng, MPa;
X - Lng xi mng dng trong 1m3 b tng, Kg;
N - Lng nc dng trong 1m3 b tng,lt ;
A, A1 - l h s cht lng vt liu s dng.
Mc nh hng ca Rx, N/X c th 30-50%, mc nh hng ct liu (A, A1)

c mc 5-10%. Gim st cn ch khi thay i loi xi mng, khi trn
thm nc mt cch tu tin.
4.2.6. Chp nhn b tng
- B tng c sn xut ng vt liu thnh phn thit k (hoc ph

hp nu c iu chnh)..
- Cc cng on thi cng vn chuyn, , m, bo dng c thc
hinng yu cu.
- Cp pha, gng nh v, cc chi tit ch khng b x dch.
- B mt b tng sau khi nhn phng, khng b r, khng b phn
tng. Cc khuyt tt nu c c s l : R mt ngoi: Trm v
R su bn trong: khoan, bm p h xi mng
5. Nghim thu
Cng vic nghim thu vt liu b tng c da trn cc cn c:
- Chp thun vt liu, thnh phn trc khi thi cng;

- Chp thun cht lng b tng sn xut v ;
- Chp thun phiu th nghim cng (v mt s ch tiu khc thit
k yu cu) b tng ca khi ;
- B tng c x l ht khuyt tt sau khi tho cp pha.
I. thp ct b tng
1. Thng tin cn bit

1.1. Phn loi
1.1.1. Thp ct b tng do Vit Nam sn xut
Thp ct cho b tng nc ta theo TCVN 1651-1-2008 v TCVN 1651-
2-2008
c cc loi : Vi thp trn trn c 2 loi l CB 240 -T v CB 300 T. Vi
thp thanh vn c 3 loi l CB 300-V ; CB 400-V v CB 500 - V.
Phng php th: TCVN197-85 (th ko);
TCVN 198-85 (th un).
- Cch nhn bit:

+ Theo k hiu ni in trn cy thp (c cch khong 0.8 mt n
1.2 mt k
hiu li c lp li)
+ Ch CB c ngha l Thp ct b tng v k hiu T l trn , k
hiu V l thanh vn.
+ K hiu thp ca mt s Cng ty thp VN t tiu chun ISO-9002
xem bng 12.12.
Cc ch tiu cht lng xem bng 12.13.
- Kch c: 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 32,
36, 40.
Cc ch tiu ho v c theo di y:
1.1.2. Thp ct b tng nhp ngoi
Tiu chun Sn phm v Phng php th: c thng k bng 12.11.
Bng 12.11. Tiu chun sn phm v tiu chun phng php th

ca mt s nc cho thp ct b tng
Nc Tiu chun Tiu chun S lng

Sn sn phm Phng php th mu th
-
xut
Th ko Th un Th un
li
Nht JIS G3112: 91 JIS Z 2241 JIS Z -
Bn 2248 - Xem quy
Nga GOST 5781-82 GOST GOST - nh
5781-82 5781-82 trong tng
Anh BS 4449: 97 BSEN 10 BS 4449: BS 4449: tiu chun
002-1:90 97 97 sn phm
Php NF A35-016:86 NF A03-151 NF A35- NF A35- - Phn ln
016:86 016:86 ly theo
M ASTM ASTM A370 ASTM - khi lng
A615/A615M- A370 v t
96a thp v
c AS 1302-1991 AS 1302- AS 1302- AS 1302- cng
1991 1991 1991 trnh
ISO ISO 6935-2-91 ISO ISO ISO
6892:84 10065:19 10065:19
90 90
Ch thch: 1. Khi cn thit c th phn tch thnh phn ho
2. C mt s nc tiu chun cc phng php th c quy
nh chung trong tiu chun sn phm
Gm cc ngun:
+ Nht, Nga, Th Nh K, Hn Quc, Italia, Sinhgapo, Hng Kng,
Php, Malaixia, Indonexia...;
- Gm cc loi: Phn theo cng
+ S loi thp ca cc nc u c thp trn trn v trn gai;
+ S nhm thp ca cc nc c khc nhau (t 2 n 10 nhm vi
kch c t 6 n 40 v ln hn);
+ Cng ca mt s nhm thp tng ng vi thp VN, c mt
s nhm thp c cng cao hn thp VN;
Cc ch tiu cht lng thp nhp ca mt s nc xem bng 12.13.
- Cch nhn bit:
+ Theo k hiu ni (mi hng SX c cc k hiu ring) in trn cy
thp (c cch khong 0.8 mt n 1.2 mt k hiu li c lp li).
+ Theo quy cch gai (xem trong tiu chun sn phm ca mi nc).
2. Thc t thp ct b tng s dng Vit nam.
2.1. Thp sn xut trong nc
2.1.1. C nc c 56 Doanh nghip sn xut thp ct b tng (gm cc loi
hnh doanh nghip vi cc qui m to, nh khc nhau, t th cng cho
n qui m hin i)
2.1.2. C 08 Doanh nghip c cp chng ch ISO-9002: Bng 12.12.
Bng 12.12. Cc sn phm thp ct b tng thuc Tng Cng ty thp VN

c cp chng ch ISO-9002
Khong cch
K hiu trn
TT Tn Cng ty/tn loi thp gia 2 k
cy thp
hiu
V - UC 950 -
1 VINAUSTEEL (Thp Vit - c)
1050mm
VSC-POSCO (Thp Vit - Hn VPS 1000 -
2
Quc) 1200mm
Cng Ty Gang thp Thi Nguyn
(Thp Thi Nguyn) 800 -
3 + Nhm CI (trn) v CII (gai) TISCO 1100mm
+ Nhm CIII (gai): thm s 3 gia TISCO 800 -
2 k hiu 1100mm
Cng ty thp VINAKYOEI (Thp 1000 -
4
Vit - Nht) 1162mm
Nh my cn thp min trung MT

5 (Thp Min Trung) 840 - 870mm
Cng Ty thp Min Nam (Thp V 950 -
6 Min Nam) 1050mm
7 Cng Ty thp Ty S 875 - 980mm
Cng Ty NASTEELVINA (Thp Vit
8 820 - 880mm
V
- Sinh)
S
2.2. Thp th cng
- Mt s du hiu nhn bit:
+ Khng c k hiu trn cy thp;
+ Hoc nhi k hiu ca cc doanh nghip khc c cp chng
ch (th d: VUC, VUA, VU-C l k hiu nhi gn nh V-UC; VP nhi gn nh
VPS);
+ Mu sc luyn cn: mu khng u trn cy thp, mu
gch, cc cy trong cng l hng khng u v hnh dng;
+ Trn dc cy thp cn l np cun khi cn;
+ van ln, gai khng ni hoc qu ni trn cy thp, ng gai
khng to m mnh hn thp chun nhiu.
2.3. Thp nhp ca nc ngoi
2.3.1. Nhn bit
+ Cc k hiu trn cy thp khc vi cc k hiu nu trn;
+ Cc k hiu ca thp ngoi c s dng VN: SS, SD, HK, IS,
MS, TS...;
2.3.2. Cc ch tiu cht lng
Cc ch tiu cht lng ca mt s loi thp c trn th trng Vit nam
c thng k bng 12.13.
Bng 12.13. Cc ch tiu cht lng ca mt s tiu chun

thp ct b tng ca Vit nam v cc nc
Cc ch tiu c l
Gii Gii ng G Gc un
Cc hn hn dn knh c v un
Tiu nh ch bn di un u li Ghi
chun m y n ch
thp xui/
N/m N/m %,M
theo D ngc
m2 m2 in
li
TCVN CI 240 380 25 0.5D 180 -
Min Min
CII 300 500 19 3D 180 -
Min Min
CIII 400 600 14 3D 180 -
Min Min
AI 240 380 25 0.5D 180 -
Min Min
GOST57 AII 300 500 19 3D 180 -
81-82 Min Min
AIII 400 600 14 3D 90 -
Min Min
SR 235 380- 20/ 3D 180 -
235 Min 520 24
SR 295 440- 18/ 3D(D16 180 -
295 Min 600 20 ); 4D
SD 295 440- 16/ 3D(D16 180 -
295 A Min 600 18 ); 4D
JIS SD 295- 440 16/ 3D(D16 180 -
G3112 295 B 390 Min 18 ); 4D
SD 345- 490 18/ 3D(D16 180 -
345 440 Min 20 ); 4D
SD 390- 560 16/ 5D 180 -
390 510 Min 18
SD 490- 620 12/ 5D(D25 180 -
490 625 Min 14 ); 6D
Grad 250 Min 22 2D(un); 180
e 250 Min 1.05 3D(un 45 / 23
BS chy li)
4449 Grade 460 Min 12 3D(un); 180
460 Min 1.05 5D(un 45 / 23
chy li)
ASTM Grad 300 500 11; 3.5D(D 180 -
A615 e 40 Min Min 12 16);
5D(D=1
9)
Grad 420 620 7; 3.5D(D 180 -
e 60 Min Min 8; 9 16);
5D(D=19
,22,25)
7D(D=29
,32,36)
9D(D=43
,57)
Grad 520 690 6; 7 5D(D=19 180 -
e 75 Min Min ,22,25)
7D(D=29
,32,36)
9D(D=43
,57)
RB 300 330 16
300 Min Min Xem
RB 400 440 14 bng 5
400 Min Min ca tiu
160
ISO RB 500 550 14 chun
- 90 / 20
6935-2 500 Min Min sn
180
RB 400 440 14 phm
400W Min Min ISO
RB 500 550 14 6935-2
500W Min Min
NF A35- Fe 400 440 14 Xem 180 90 / 30
016 E400- Min Min bng 3
1 trong
Fe 400 440 12 tiu
E400- Min Min chun
2 sn
Fe 400 440 - phm
E400- Min Min NF A35-
3 016
Fe 500 550 12
E500- Min Min
1
Fe 500 550 8
E500- Min Min
2
Fe 500 550 -
E500- Min Min
3
3. Kim tra cht lng

2.1. Tiu chun cht lng
Xem bng 12. 13.
3. 2. Chng ch ca nh sn xut, phiu th ca phng th nghim
+ Chng ch ca nh sn xut: tham kho chng ch (Mu 1) km theo

cui mc ny;
+ Phiu th ca phng th nghim: tham kho Mu 2.
3. 3. Cc lu trong kim tra ng knh, s ph hp tnh cht c l v

thnh phn ho, kh nng hn
+ Kim tra ng knh:

Thc cp ch l c tnh: d(trong gai) + d(ngoi gai) / 2
Theo cng thc: dthc o = 4.027Q(gam)/L(cm) , mm
trong : Q- trng lng tnh bng gam ca on thp kim tra;
L- chiu di tnh bng cm ca on thp cn trn, yu cu kim
tra trn LMin.=50cm.
+ S ph hp tnh cht c l v thnh phn ho, kh nng hn:
Thng thng, thp ct ch kim tra c l tnh. Tuy nhin khi c
nghi ng v cht lng (cng qu cao, thp khng chy, do km),
th b sung phn tch thnh phn ho khng nh ph hp vi tiu
chun.
Theo TCVN1651-85 thp ct b tng c tnh hn tt. Tiu
chun thp ct b tng ca mt s nc c tnh hn cc mc: tt, t yu
cu, km, c
bit cn c nhm thp khng cho php hn. khng nh kh nng
hn ca thp ct, cn xc nh hm lng cc bon tng ng Ce theo
cng thc sau:
Ce= C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15, (%)
trong : C, Mn, Cr, Mo, V, Ni, Cu l hm lng (%) cc nguyn t ho hc

phn tch c t mu thp ct.
Kh nng hn c quy nh bng CeCe, MAX ghi trong tiu chun sn phm
3.4. Tnh trng bo qun, nh g b mt trc khi lp t
+ Thp cng trnh phi c k xp bng phng ni kh ro, k

xp khng gy cong vnh cy thp, c bao che ma;
+ Thp nu g, trc khi lp t phi lm sch bng cc phng
php c hc khng nh hng cc tnh cht c, l v ho hc.
3.5. Chp nhn cho php s dng thp ct thi cng
+ C chng ch ca nh sn xut (Mu M1);

+ C bin bn ly mu v nim phong vi s chng gim gia cc bn c
lin quan em i kim tra cht lng ( s lng mu theo khi lng l
hng v tiu chun quy nh, chng loi, mi t hng v n cng
trnh u phi tin hnh ly mu);
+ C phiu kt qu th ca phng th nghim (Mu M2); tiu chun th
nghim phi ph hp vi y/c k thut v yu cu thit k cho cng trnh
hay hng mc;
+ Kim tra xut x sn phm v kim tra bo qun ti cng trnh:
C mc ng hng ho trong tng b thp ph hp chng ch ca nh sn
xut; Kim tra k hiu trn cy thp ngn nga hng gi tr trn
vo; Kim tra k xp bo qun ti cng trnh (kh ro, bng phng, c
che ma, trc khi s dng nu b g phi c lm sch bng cc phng
php c hc).
Mu M1. Giy chng thc cht lng sn phm

(Mill Test Certificate of Product Quality) ISO
VPS 9002
Cng ty thp VSC-POSCO
Tel. Fax:
Ngy pht hnh : 01-06-2000
Tn khch hng : LG Engineering & Construction Corp.
Hp ng s : D 150500/VPS-KD
ng C tnh
L
knh Th
St Mc hng Khi
v bn bn dn un
t thp sx lng
chiu chy ko di 180o Ghi ch
ngy
di
- mm- - - (kg) N/m N/m %
mm m 2
m 2
1 D16- Grade 29- 116. 589- 753- 13.3- khng c VPS trn
L11.7 60 05- 627 623 796 15.6 nt cy thp
m 2000
2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Ghi ch: + Giy chng thc cht lng ch cp mt ln; + Tiu chun p
dng: ASTM A615
Kt lun: Cc loi thp trn ca Cng ty t mc Grade 60 theo tiu chun
Hoa K ASTM A615
Ch k v ng du
ca cng ty VPS-POSCO
Mu M2: Phiu th ca phng th nghim
Vin khoa hc cng ngh xy dng
Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology
(IBST)
a ch: Ngha Tn-Cu Giy-H Ni Tel: 84.4.8364162
Fax: 84.4.8361197
S H/Ref.: 139/KN
kt qu th nghim ko v un thp ct
Result sheet of tensile and bend tests of rebars steel
C quan yu cu / Client: Cng trnh / Project:

Ch tiu xc nh / Specific Tiu chun p dng / To comply with
requirements: standards:
c, b, 5, TCVN1651-85; TCVN 197-85; TCVN
198-85
Loi mu / Kind of bars: -
Deformed bars
Ngy th nghim / Date of testing:
(Mu do CT... em n/Spec.
were given by ...)
Kt qu th nghim - Test result
Mu th - th nghim ko - Tensile test TN un - Bend test
Specimen
K . Chi T. Lc ng Lc ng ng Gc un
hi knh u di di chy sut bn sut dn knh cha nt
u thc tnh n chy bn di ba
o ton thc tng un
i
Not Actua Origi Cros Force Yield Max Tensile Perce Diamet Angle of
a- l nal s at streng imu Streng ntag er of bending
tio diam gaug sect yield th m th e former without
n eter e ion point forc elong crack
lengt Pc c e b ation Db b
do h So 5
Lo Pb
- mm mm m N N/m N N/m % mm Degree
m 2
m 2
m 2
1
2
3
Nhn xt / Remark: Cc nhm ct thp gai ... trn c cng , dn di v
gc un t tiu chun thp
nhm C... / The deformed steel bars ... above have the strength,
elongation and bending angle as specified by the steel bars Grade C.
Hanoi, , 2000
Ngi th nghim Kim tra TM.Trng phng C quan kim
tra
Tested by Checked by Head of Dept.
Authorization
VII. ngi lp, tm lp
1. Cc thng tin cn bit
+ Loi :
* Ngi t st nung
* Ngi xi mng - ct
* Tm lp sng aming
* Tm lp s si thc vt
* Tm lp tn sng thng
* Tm tn austnam
* vv....
+ Mt s c trng k thut chnh v tnh cht cht lng sn

phm
* i vi cc loi ngi lp : ti trng un gy theo chiu rng vin ngi,

thi gian xuyn nc, khi lng mt mt vung ngi trng thi bo ho nc
v cc sai s kch thc.
* i vi tm lp sng aming, tm lp s si thc vt : ti trng un
gy theo chiu rng tm sng, thi gian xuyn nc, khi lng th tch v
cc thng s kch thc.
* i vi tm lp tn : chiu dy tn, cc thng s kch thc, lp ph ...
2. Kim tra cht lng
+ Tiu chun cht lng :

* TCVN 1452:1995 Ngi t st nung - Yu cu k thut.
* TCVN 1453:1986 Ngi xi mng ct .
* TCVN 4432:1992 Tm sng aming xi mng - Yu cu k thut.
+ Chng ch ca nh sn xut, phiu th trong phng th

nghim
+ Kim tra thc t

- Ngi: ting g, rnh dn nc, lp ghp
- Tm lp sng : dy tm, bc sng, kh nng chu un
- Tn sng : dy tn v kch thc hnh hc.
+ Chp nhn, cho php s dng vt liu lp

Khi c chng ch ca nh sn xut hoc phiu kim tra cht lng thy
ph hp tiu chun cht lng yu cu. Kim tra thc t c s ph hp cht l-
ng vt liu cung cp vi cht lng mu vt th nghim.
VIII. Sn - Vi
1. Cc thng tin cn bit
* Loi sn quy nh s dng (qut vi, sn xi mng, sn silicat,

sn hu c, sn bi tum, bi tum cao su, ...)
- Sn l g?: Sn l hp cht gm cc thnh phn c bn:
+ Cht to mng
+ Dung mi pha long hoc nc
+ Bt mu, cht n
+ Cht ho rn, lm kh
Ngoi ra cn cc cht khc nh chng mc, chng mt mu, k nc...
Da trn cht to mng ngi ta gi tn sn.
Tu mc ch s dng nh trang tr, bo v, chng thm ... ngi
thit k quyt nh dng loi sn g cho ph hp v kinh t.
* Mt s c trng k thut chnh hoc tnh cht cht lng

sn phm
Khi tip nhn sn cn kim tra ng b cc loi: lp lt, lp ph,
dung mi km theo v cc ph gia khc nu c.
Tt c cc vt liu sn u phi trng thi bao b nguyn , c
k m hiu hng ho, nh sn xut, ngy thng xut xng cng nh hng
dn s dng ca nh sn xut sn.
S dng ng yu cu thit k:
- Mu sc
- Phng php sn: qut, phun, ln...
- S lp, th t tng lp.
- Chiu dy lp sn
- bao ph
- Thi gian thi cng (tu loi c quy nh)
- Thi gian kh
2. Kim tra cht lng

* Th trng sn v tnh cht cht lng
Hin nay cc loi sn trang tr, bo v cng trnh ang trn ngp
th trng Vit Nam. Sn nhp ca nc ngoi, lin doanh hoc t sn xut
trong nc.
Th d cc loi sn ca cc hng NIPPON ca Nht, DULUX ca Anh,
KOVA ca M hp tc, JOTUN ca Php...
Ca Vit Nam c sn ca Cng ty sn Tng hp, cng ty sn H
Ni, Cng ty sn Hi Phng, Cng ty sn Bch Tuyt ca Thnh ph H
Ch Minh...
V tnh cht, cht lng ca cc loi sn cng rt khc nhau tu theo
mc ch s dng nh: Sn trang tr bo v cng trnh bn ngoi phi
bn vi thi tit, ru mc..., sn trang tr bn trong nh phi m bo an
ton khng cha c t, v sinh mi trng cho ngi . Sn bo v st
thp chng g, sn ca g bo v g to mu sc thch hp cho cng
trnh, sn chng thm, sn pht quang, sn phn quang dng cho giao
thng...
* Chng ch ca nh sn xut: Ph hp vi yu cu cht lng i vi

tng loi sn v mc ch s dng.
* Kim tra cht lng thc t

i vi cc loi sn la chn s dng c th kim tra cht lng
thc t bng cch:
- Th nghim ti phng th nghim, kim tra li cc tnh nng c l
ho ca hng a ra (nu cn thit) theo cc tiu chun sau:
Bng 12.14. Mt s tiu chun xc nh tnh cht ca sn.
TT Ch tiu th nghim S hiu tiu chun
1 Xc nh mn TCVN 2091-1993; ASTM
1210; ISO 1520
2 Xc nh nht TCVN 2092-1993; ASTM D
1200; ASTM D 5225
3 Xc nh hm lng cht rn TCVN 2093-1993; ASTM D
v cht to mng 2369; ASTM D 1353
4 Xc nh ph TCVN 2095-1993;
5 Xc nh kh v thi TCVN 2096-1993; ASTM D
gian kh 711
6 Xc nh bm dnh ca TCVN 2097-1993; ASTM
mng 4541/95; ISO 4624
7 Xc nh bn un ca TCVN 2099-1993; ISO 1519
mng
8 Xc nh bn va p TCVN 2100-1993; ASTM D
ca mng 2794; ISO 6272
9 Xc nh t trng ca sn ASTM D 1475-98; ISO 2811
10 Xc nh cng ca ASTM D 4366; ISO 1522
mng
11 Xc nh khuyt tt ca ASTM G 62
mng sn
12 Xc nh chiu dy mng ASTM D 1186; ASTM D
sn kh 1400;ASTM D 4138
13 Xc nh bn ho cht ASTM F 483-98; ISO 11997-1
ca mng sn
14 Xc nh phn ha ca ASTM D 4214
mng sn
15 Xc nh ra tri ca ASTM D 2486
mng sn
16 Xc nh bn nc ca ASTM D 870
mng sn
17 Xc nh bn nhit m ASTM D 2247; ASTM D 1735
ca mng sn
18 Xc nh bn dung mi ASTM D 2792
ca mng sn
19 Xc nh mu sc TCVN 2102-1993
Mt s thit b th nghim sn trong phng th nghim

Hnh 12.13. Thit b xc nh mi mn ca mng sn Sheen Ref
903/2
Hnh 12.14. Thit b xc nh thi gian kh ca mng sn Erichsen
Model 504
Hnh 12.15. Thit b xc nh un ca mng sn Erichsen

Model 266
Hnh 12.16. Thit b xc nh cng ca mng sn Sheen Model 707
KP
- Th nghim ti hin trng

+ Bng mt: iu quan trng u tin cn lu l sch ca nn
nh hng rt ln n cht lng ca mng sn.Nu nn khng sch s lm
gim bm dnh ca mng sn, sn d b bong trc.
Sau khi sn xong quan st bng, ng u, mu sc
+ Bng tay: Kim tra kh ca mng sn
+ Bng phng tin:
Xc nh bm dnh ca mng sn vi nn( theo ASTM D4541-
95 hoc TCVN 2097-93)
Xc nh chiu dy lp sn.( theo ASTM D 1186-93)
Mt s hnh nh kim tra cht lng sn ti hin trng

Hnh 12.17.
Kim nh chiu
dy mng sn
bng thit b
Minitest 4100
Hnh 12.18. Kim nh chiu dy mng sn ti ct n chiu sng

Hnh 12.19. Kim nh bm dnh ca mng sn bng thit b Pull-
off Tester
Hnh 12.20. Kim nh chiu dy mng sn theo phng pht ct

* Sa vi ch to ti ch
Qut vi l cch lm p v bo v ngi nh c t lu i n c ta.
N c u im l r tin, d s dng, d dng to mu sc theo mun
v d lm li khi cn. song n cng c nhiu nhc im nh d bong
phn, chu thi tit km.
Thnh phn vi qut bao gm:
- Cht kt dnh (sa vi)
- Bt mu
- Cht chng mc (nu cn)
- Cht gi mu (nu cn)
Ngi ta thng o h ti vi ri lc ly sa vi v em qut, nh vy
sa vi thu c cn ln t ct v cha m bo bao ph ca canxi
hydroxyt do nn c khu ch to sa vi.
Vi cc v cn loi ht bi than, t ct dnh vo sau em ti.
B ti vi tt nht c xy bng gch, sau nh bng bng va xi
mng trong lng b.
Nc ti vi cn ch l nc sch khng ln tp cht.
Khi ti vi phi m bo nc trnh vi b kh.
vi ngui hn, lc qua li lc v vi mn s thu c sa vi trng,
sch. Dng Bm k xc nh nng Ca(OH) 2 ca sa vi thu c
cht kt dnh ng nht.
Sa vi c ng vo can, thng trnh b cacbont ho trc khi qut
m bo dnh ca vi.
* Sn xi mng ch to ti ch
Thnh phn ca sn xi mng
- Xi mng: Sng qua sng 0,02mm ( ch to sn xi mng ti ch
cn la chn xi mng khng b vn hn).
- Ph gia khc, th d nh thm cht c ch cho sn bo v thp,
cht hot ng b mt cho lp ph tng chng thm...
- Trn cc ph gia cn thit cho vo theo t l xc nh.
ng gi m bo kn nh bao xi mng. Khi thi cng ch cn thm n-
c sch vo ti nht cn thit.
* Cc sn phm sn bao gi sn
Tt c cc sn phm sn sn xut trong v ngoi nc ch yu l:
- Sn v c: vi, sn xi mng, sn silict...
C th v d mt vi loi sn ca cc hng nh sau:
+ Sn xi mng: Barra slurry, Barrafer S ca hng MBT;
Snow cem ca hng SIKA;
Crecan CR 65 ca hng HENKEL
+ Sn Silicat: trn c s K2SiO3 ca Nga, Na2SiO3 ca vin KHCN
Xy dng
- Sn hu c: Cht to mng l cc hp cht hu c polime nh:
acrylic, vinylic, alkyd, polyuretan, epoxy, bitum...
+ Sn trn c s acrylic nh:
Weatherbond ca hng sn NIPPON
A 915-Line, 55-D-2000 ca hng sn DULUX
K-771, K-260, K-5500 ca hng sn KOVA
Cretec CT-44 color ca hng sn HENKEL
S.AC.PT ca Cng ty sn Tng hp H Ni
+ Sn trn c s vinylic nh:
Nippon vinil silk, vinylex 5000... ca hng NIPPON
A-913-Line ca hangx DULUX
K-871 ca hng KOVA
+ Sn Alkyd:
Bodelax 9000 ca hng NIPPON
KL-2 ca hng KOVA
SAK-P, SAKP1 ca Cng ty sn tng hp H Ni
+ Sn Polyurethane:
Copon polyurethane ca hng NIPPON
SU-125 ca hng DULUX
S.PU.P1 ca Cng ty sn Tng hp H Ni
+ Sn epoxy
Copon E.P. 4, E.P. 9 ca hng NIPPON
Mastertop 1110 ca hng MBT
SEP. 1 ca Cng ty sn Tng hp H Ni
IBEP ca Vin KHCN Xy dng
+ Sn bi tum
Creplast CP 41 ca hng HENKEL
BCSH ca Vin KHCN Xy dng
* Chng nhn cho php s dng vt liu sn vi vo cng trnh.

- Cn c chng ch ca nh sn xut
- Cn c kim tra cht lng thc t
7. Kim tra v gim st trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng cng trnh
Gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh

1. Mi cng trnh xy dng trong qu trnh thi cng phi c thc hin
ch gim st.
2. Vic gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh phi c thc hin
theo di, kim tra v cht lng, khi lng, tin , an ton lao ng v v sinh
mi trng trong thi cng xy dng cng trnh.
3. Ch u t xy dng cng trnh phi thu t vn gim st hoc t thc
hin khi c iu kin nng lc hot ng gim st thi cng xy dng.
Ngi thc hin vic gim st thi cng xy dng phi c chng ch
hnh ngh gim st thi cng xy dng ph hp vi cng vic, loi, cp cng
trnh. c c chng ch hnh ngh gim st thi cng xy dng, ngi thc
hin cng tc ny phi c bi dng nghip v gim st thi cng xy dng cng
trnh theo chng trnh khung c B Xy dng ban hnh km theo Thng t
s 25/2009/TT-BXD ngy 29/7/2009.
gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh, ngi k s gim st cn phi cn
c theo cc quy nh k thut c th hin trong quy chun, tiu chun
gim st v nghim thu cng vic. Cng trnh ch c nghim thu khi c
xc nhn cng trnh thi cng bo m ng thit k, theo quy chun,
tiu chun xy dng v bo m cht lng.
Thc cht ca cng tc gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh l nhm
nng cao cht lng cng trnh. kim sot cht lng cng trnh cn kim
sot c mi yu t nh hng trc tip n qu trnh to ra cht lng. Thc
cht l kim sot cc yu t sau:
a) V con ngi:
- Phi c o to;
- C k nng thc hin;
- Nm bt nhim v c giao;
- C ti liu v thng tin cn thit;
- C iu kin, phng tin lm vic.
b) V phng php v quy trnh thc hin:
- C quy trnh v phng php thc hin;
- C s theo di v kim sot qu trnh.
c) Kim sot kh nng cung cp dch v v vt liu:
- C s la chn;
- C y cc thng tin v cc dch v v vt liu c cung cp;
- C s kim sot v cc dch v v vt liu c cung cp.
d) Kim sot thit b:
- Ph hp vi yu cu s dng;
- m bo iu kin duy tu, bo dng.
e) Kim sot mi trng:
- iu kin lm vic nh sng, nhit , PCCC, an ton lao ng
- iu kin v sinh mi trng.
Nh vy kim sot qu trnh ny, cng tc gim st thi cng xy dng
c trin khai theo cc lnh vc chuyn mn sau:
a) Gim st cng tc kho st xy dng:
- Gim st cng tc kho st a cht cng trnh;
- Gim st cng tc kho st a cht thu vn;
b) Gim st cng tc xy dng v hon thin;
c) Gim st cng tc lp t thit b cng trnh;
d) Gim st cng tc lp t thit b cng ngh.
Thc hin gim st ngoi trch nhim ca b phn chuyn trch ca nh
thu t gim st cn l trch nhim chnh ca ch u t. Trng hp khng c
iu kin nng lc th ch u t phi thu t vn gim st.
Yu cu ca vic gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh
Vic gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh phi bo m cc yu cu
sau y:
1. Thc hin ngay t khi khi cng xy dng cng trnh;
2. Thng xuyn, lin tc trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng;
3. Cn c vo thit k c duyt, quy chun, tiu chun xy dng c p
dng;
4. Trung thc, khch quan, khng v li.
Gim st thi cng l cng vic qun l khi lng v cht lng cc cng tc
xy lp. Cng vic ny khng ch l theo di, qun l khi lng vt t, m cn
l trch nhim gim st, theo di th thi cng m bo k thut. Qun l
khng b h hao, tht thot vt t, vt liu v n c cng nhn trong sut
qu trnh thi cng
Ngi gim st thi cng cn c kin thc chuyn mn v phm cht ngh
nghip tt. Gim st l ngi thay mt ch u t qun l cng tc xy
dng v khi lng v cht lng tng cng vic, tng hng mc, b phn cng
trnh hay cng trnh.
Quyn v ngha v ca ch u t xy dng cng trnh trong
vic gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh
1. Ch u t xy dng cng trnh trong vic gim st thi cng xy dng
cng trnh c cc quyn sau y:
a) c t thc hin gim st khi c iu kin nng lc gim st thi cng
xy dng;
b) m phn, k kt hp ng, theo di, gim st vic thc hin hp ng;
c) Thay i hoc yu cu t chc t vn thay i ngi gim st trong tr-
ng hp ngi gim st khng thc hin ng quy nh;
d) nh ch thc hin hoc chm dt hp ng gim st thi cng xy
dng cng trnh theo quy nh ca php lut;
2. Ch u t xy dng cng trnh trong vic gim st thi cng xy dng
cng trnh c cc ngha v sau y:
a) Thu t vn gim st trong trng hp khng iu kin nng lc gim
st thi cng xy dng t thc hin;
b) Thng bo cho cc bn lin quan v quyn v ngha v ca t vn gim
st;
c) X l kp thi nhng xut ca ngi gim st;
d) Thc hin y cc ngha v tha thun trong hp ng gim
st thi cng xy dng;
) Khng c thng ng hoc dng nh hng ca mnh p t
lm sai lch kt qu gim st;
e) Lu tr kt qu gim st thi cng xy dng;
g) Bi thng thit hi khi la chn t vn gim st khng iu kin
nng lc gim st thi cng xy dng, nghim thu khi lng khng ng, sai
thit k v cc hnh vi vi phm khc gy thit hi do li ca mnh gy ra;
Theo quy nh trong iu ny ny ch u t thu c th t mnh thc
hin gim st khi c iu kin nng lc . Tuy nhin vic ch u t t gim
st cng thng dn n vic gim st khng khch quan v khng c chuyn
mn ha. Hin nay cc ch u t thng thu cc t chc t vn gim st nh
cc nc trn th gii. Cc t chc t vn ny s c tnh chuyn mn ho cao, v
lm tt hn nhim v gim st sovi cc cn b kim nhim cc Ban qun l
ca Ch u t. V pha ch u t v cc nh thu t vn thit rt mun trong
qu trnh thi cng xy dng cng trnh c s tham tham gia ca nh thu t
vn gim st, bi khi v thit k v cht lng xy dng ca h s c
m bo.
Quyn v ngha v ca nh thu gim st thi cng xy dng
cng trnh
1. Nh thu gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh c cc quyn sau
y:
a) Nghim thu xc nhn khi cng trnh thi cng bo m ng thit
k, theo quy chun, tiu chun xy dng v bo m cht lng;
b) Yu cu nh thu thi cng xy dng thc hin theo ng hp ng;
c) Bo lu cc kin ca mnh i vi cng vic gim st do mnh m
nhn;
d) T chi yu cu bt hp l ca cc bn c lin quan;
2. Nh thu gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh c cc ngha v sau
y:
a) Thc hin cng vic gim st theo ng hp ng k kt;
b) Khng nghim thu khi lng khng bo m cht lng v cc tiu chun
k thut theo yu cu ca thit k cng trnh;
c) T chi nghim thu khi cng trnh khng t yu cu cht lng;
d) xut vi ch u t xy dng cng trnh nhng bt hp l v thit
k kp thi sa i;
) Mua bo him trch nhim ngh nghip;
e) Khng c thng ng vi nh thu thi cng xy dng, vi ch u t
xy dng cng trnh v c cc hnh vi vi phm khc lm sai lch kt qu gim
st;
g) Bi thng thit hi khi lm sai lch kt qu gim st i vi khi lng thi
cng khng ng thit k, khng tun theo quy chun, tiu chun xy dng
nhng ngi gim st khng bo co vi ch u t xy dng cng trnh hoc ng-
i c thm quyn x l, cc hnh vi vi phm khc gy thit hi do li ca mnh
gy ra;
Trong th trng xy dng din ra si ng nh hin nay th vic chuyn
mn ha cng tc gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh rt cn thit. tt c
cc giai on u cn c s gim st kht khe chun mc v k thut. Vic
gim st chuyn nghip qu trnh xy dng c ng quy trnh v trnh
cc pht sinh, gim thiu mu thun. qun l cht lng c hiu qu thng
qua hot ng t vn gim st, th gia ch u t v t chc t vn gim st
cn c hp ng cht ch bng cc iu khon chi tit. Ngoi ra gia t chc
t vn v k s gim st cng cn c hnh thc hp ng theo dng phiu giao
vic. Cn quy nh c th phm vi, quyn hn, trch nhim ca k s gim st
trnh cc trng hp b st vic hoc gii quyt qu phm vi quyn hn cho
php nh t gii quyt v mt k thut hoc gim bt khi lng cng vic cho
pha thi cng. Trong cng tc gim st, rt cn c s phi hp t hai pha: t vn
gim st v ch u t. Nu cng trnh lm tt th khng nhng mang li li
ch cho nh thu m cn c li cho c t vn gim st .
Ch u t chu trch nhim trc php lut khi nghim thu khng m
bo cht lng, lm sai lch kt qu nghim thu, nghim thu khng ng, sai
thit k v cc hnh vi khc.
T vn gim st chu trch nhim trc php lut v ch u t khi nghim
thu khng m bo cht lng theo tiu chun v ch dn k thut c p dng,
sai thit k v cc hnh vi khc gy thit hi.
V cng tc m bo an ton lao ng, ch u t phi tng cng cng
tc kim tra nh k v t xut, y mnh cng tc tuyn truyn, gio dc
nng cao nhn thc v thc t gic chp hnh php lut cng nh cc quy
trnh, quy phm m bo an ton lao ng, phng chng chy n trong qu
trnh lm vic i vi ngi lao ng, ng thi c bin php x l kin quyt
i vi nh thu vi phm. T vn gim st cn kin quyt x l, nh ch thi
cng nu nh thu khng p dng y cc bin php an ton lao ng.
b) Ngh nh 209/2004/N-CP ngy 16/12/2005 v qun l cht l-
ng cng trnh xy dng
- iu 11. Gim st cng tc kho st xy dng
1. Trch nhim gim st cng tc kho st xy dng:
a) Nh thu kho st xy dng phi c b phn chuyn trch t gim st
cng tc kho st xy dng;
b) Ch u t thc hin gim st cng tc kho st xy dng thng xuyn,
c h thng t khi bt u kho st n khi hon thnh cng vic. Trng hp
khng c iu kin nng lc th ch u t phi thu t vn gim st cng
tc kho st xy dng.
2. Ni dung t gim st cng tc kho st xy dng ca nh thu kho st
xy dng:
a) Theo di, kim tra vic thc hin theo phng n k thut kho st xy
dng c ch u t ph duyt;
b) Ghi chp kt qu theo di, kim tra vo nht k kho st xy dng.
3. Ni dung gim st cng tc kho st xy dng ca ch u t:
a) Kim tra iu kin nng lc hot ng xy dng ca cc nh thu
kho st xy dng so vi h s d thu v nhn lc, thit b my mc phc
v kho st, phng th nghim c nh thu kho st xy dng s dng;
b) Theo di, kim tra v tr kho st, khi lng kho st v vic thc hin
quy trnh kho st theo phng n k thut c ph duyt. Kt qu theo di,
kim tra phi c ghi chp vo nht k kho st xy dng;
c) Theo di v yu cu nh thu kho st xy dng thc hin bo v mi
trng v cc cng trnh xy dng trong khu vc kho st theo quy nh ti
iu 10 ca Ngh nh ny.
nghim thu nghim thu bo co kt qu kho st xy dng cn phi
cn c vo hp ng kho st xy dng; nhim v v phng n k thut kho
st xy dng c ph duyt; Tiu chun kho st xy dng c p dng v
bo co kt qu kho st xy dng.
Cc vn bn quy chun, tiu chun c la chn lm c s trong qu
trnh gim sm cng tc kho st c nu trong bng 1.
Bng 1: Cc tiu chun phc v cho gim st cng tc kho st XD
S hiu tiu Tn tiu chun Cc tiu chun nc
TT
chun ngoi tng ng
Cng tc trc a trong
1. TCXDVN
xy dng cng trnh- Yu
377:2004
cu chung
Kho st cho xy dng.
TCVN 4419 :
2. Nguyn tc c bn
1987
Kho st a k thut
TCXD 160 :
3. phc v cho thit k v
1987
thi cng mng cc
TCXD 161 : Cng tc thm d in
4.
1987 trong kho st xy dng;
TCXD 203 : Nh cao tng. K thut
5. 1997 o c phc v cng tc
thi cng
Nh cao tng. Cng tc
TCXDVN 194 :
6. kho st a k thut
2006
Nh cao tng. K thut

TCXD 203 :
7. o c phc v cng tc
1997
thi cng
S hiu tiu Tn tiu chun Cc tiu chun nc
TT
chun ngoi tng ng
Quy nh k thut quan
TCXDVN
8. trc chuyn dch nh v
351:2005
cng trnh
Quy nh k thut xc
TCXDVN nh ln cng trnh
9.
271:2002 dn dng bng phng
php o cao hnh hc
10. TCXDVN Kho st nh ga tnh
270:2002 trng nh v cng trnh
Nh v cng trnh dng
11. TCXDVN thp- Quy trnh quan trc
357:2005 nghing bng phng
php trc a
12. TCVN 4447 : Cng tc t. Quy phm
1987 thi cng v nghim thu;
Ch dn k thut cng tc
13. TCXDVN kho st a cht cng
360:2006 trnh cho XD trong vng
Karst
Tiu chun k thut o
14. TCXDVN
v x l s liu GPS trong
364:2006
trc a cng trnh
t xy dng. Phng php
15. TCVN 2683 :
ly, bao gi, vn chuyn
1991
v bo qun mu
T 87- 86
16. TCVN 5747 :
t xy dng. Phn loi D 24-87
1993
D 854-83, T100-93
t xy dng. Phng php
17. TCVN 4195 :
xc nh khi lng ring
1995
trong phng th nghim
t xy dng. Phng php D2216-71
18. TCVN 4196 : xc nh m v T265- 86
1995 ht m trong phng th
T 90-92
nghim
D 422- 90,
19. TCVN 4197 : t xy dng. Phng php
T88-93
1995 xc nh gii hn do v
gii hn chy trong phng BS 1377 part 7,8,9
th nghim D 4429-84, D1833- 92,
K s gim st thi
S hiu tiucng trinTn
khai bn
tiu v thit kCc
chun ra tiu
thcchun
a:nc
ch o,
TT
kim tra cng nhn thi cng theo bn v, h s thit k,
chun h s
ngoi trng
tng ng thu
c ch u t ph duyt. t xy dng. Cc phng
1. Ni dung gim st chtphp
lng xc
thi cng
nh xy
thnhdng cng trnh ca ch u t:
20. TCVN 4198 :
phn ht trong phng th
a) Kim tra cc iu kin
1995 khi cng cng trnh xy dng;
nghim
t xy dng. Phng php
- Kim
21. tra TCVN
v nhn
4199 :lc, xc
thit b sc
nh thi chng
cng ca
ct nh thu thi cng xy dng
cng trnh a vo1995 cng trng;trong phng th nghim
- Kim tra h thng qunmy ct phng
l cht lng ca nh thu thi cng xy dng cng
trnh; 22. t xy dng. Phng php
TCVN 4200 :
xc nh tnh nn ln
1995 s dng cc my mc, thit b, vt t c yu cu an ton
- Kim tra giy php trong phng th nghim
phc v thi cng xy dng cng trnh; T193- 93
t xy dng. Phng php
- Kim
23. tra phng th
TCVN 4201 : nghim v cc c s
xc nh cht tiu sn xut vtTliu, cu kin, sn
92-88,
phm xy dng phc 1995 v thi cng
chun xy dng th
trong phng ca nh thuDthi cng xy dng
4546-85
cng trnh. nghim
D 2850-87,
c) Kim tra v gim st t
chtxy dng.
lng vtCc phng
t, vt liu v thit b lp t vo
D 4633-90,
24. TCVN 4202 : php xc nhkhi lng
cng trnh do nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh cung cp 87
D 1143- theo yu cu
1995 th tch trong phng th
ca thit k, bao gm: nghim D 1195 93,
- Kim tra giy chng nhn
t xy cht
dng - lng ca nh snD 2922-
Phng xut, 93,
kt qu th
nghim v25. kt qu kim nh
TCXDVN phpcht
phnglng thit
x xc nh b
trc khiD a vo xy dng
4630-86
cng trnh; 301:2003 m v cht ca t ti hin EUROCODE 7
trng AS 1726-1981
- Khi nghi ng cc kt qu kim tra cht lng do nh thu thi cng xy
dng cung cp th ch u t thc hin kim tra trc tip trc khi lp t
vo cng trnh xy dng.
d) Kim tra v gim st trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng cng trnh,
bao gm:
trnh;
- Kim tra v gim st thng xuyn c h thng qu trnh nh thu thi cng
trin khai cc cng vic ti hin trng. Kt qu kim tra u phi ghi nht k
hoc bin bn kim tra theo quy nh;
- T chc nghim thu cng trnh;
- Tp hp, kim tra ti liu phc v nghim thu theo tng cng vic, b
phn cng trnh, giai on thi cng, hng mc cng trnh xy dng v hon
- Pht hin sai st, bt hp l iu chnh hoc yu cu nh thu
thit k iu chnh;
- T chc kim nh li cht lng khi c nghi ng v cht lng;
- Ch tr, phi hp vi cc bn lin quan gii quyt nhng vng mc, pht
sinh.
Nu ch u t khng iu kin nng lc gim st thi cng th phi
tin hnh thu t vn gim st.
Sau khi la chn ngi gim st, ch u t phi thng bo quyt nh v
nhim v, quyn hn ca ngi gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh cho nh
thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh v nh thu thit k xy dng cng trnh
bit phi hp thc hin. Nu nh thu gim st thi cng xy dng cng
trnh ca ch u t vi phm hp ng v cng trnh khng bo m cht
lng theo tiu chun v ch dn k thut c p dng, th phi bi thng thit
hi v chu trch nhim trc php lut.
Cng nh ngi gim st ca ch u t. nh thu gim st thi cng xy
dng c quyn:
- T chc nghim thu cng trnh xy dng;
- Yu cu nh thu thi cng xy dng thc hin theo ng hp ng;
- Bo lu cc kin;
- T chi yu cu bt hp l ca cc bn c lin quan;
2. Ni dung gim st cht lng thi cng xy dng cng trnh ca ch u
t i vi hnh thc tng thu:
a) Trng hp thc hin hnh thc tng thu thi cng xy dng v tng
thu thit k, cung ng vt t thit b, thi cng xy dng cng trnh (EPC):
- Thc hin cc cng vic c quy nh ;
- Thc hin kim tra v gim st theo quy nh i vi tng thu xy
dng;
- Tham gia cng tng thu kim tra v gim st cc nh thu ph.
b) Trng hp thc hin hnh thc tng thu cha kha trao tay:
- Ch u t ph duyt tin thi cng v thi im nghim thu hon
thnh cng trnh;
- Trc khi nghim thu hon thnh cng trnh, ch u t tip nhn ti liu
v kim nh cht lng cng trnh xy dng nu thy cn thit lm cn c
nghim thu.
3. Ch u t phi thng bo v nhim v, quyn hn ca ngi gim st
thi cng xy dng cho nh thu thi cng v nh thu thit k phi hp
thc hin.
4. Ch u t chu trch nhim bi thng do vi phm hp ng v cc
hnh vi vi phm khc. Khi pht hin cc sai phm v cht lng cng trnh ca
nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh th phi buc nh thu dng thi cng
v yu cu khc phc hu qu.
5. Nh thu gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh ca ch u t phi
bi thng thit hi do vi phm hp ng; nghim thu khng bo m cht lng
theo tiu chun v ch dn k thut, sai thit k v cc hnh vi khc gy ra
thit hi.
Cc ni dung chi tit ca cng tc gim st cht lng thi cng xy dng cng
trnh ca ch u t:
a) Kim tra cc iu kin khi cng cng trnh xy dng (iu 72 ca
Lut Xy dng): c mt bng xy dng:
c giy php xy dng;
c bn v thi cng c ph duyt;
c hp ng xy dng;
c ngun vn;
c bin php bo m an ton, v sinh mi trng;
c cc cng trnh h tng k thut.
b) Kim tra nng lc ca nh thu thi cng xy dng:
kim tra v nhn lc, thit b thi cng;
kim tra h thng qun l cht lng;
kim tra giy php s dng cc my mc, thit b, vt t;
kim tra phng th nghim v cc c s sn xut vt liu, cu kin,
sn phm xy dng .. .
c) Kim tra v gim st cht lng vt t, vt liu v thit b lp t vo
cng trnh:
kim tra giy chng nhn cht lng ca nh sn xut, kt qu th
nghim v kt qu kim nh cht lng thit b lp t vo cng trnh
trc khi a vo xy dng cng trnh;
khi c nghi ng v cc kt qu kim tra th ch u t thc hin
kim tra trc tip vt t, vt liu v thit b lp t vo cng trnh xy
dng.
d) Kim tra v gim st qu trnh thi cng xy dng cng trnh:
kim tra bin php thi cng;
kim tra v gim st qu trnh trin khai cc cng vic ti hin trng;
xc nhn bn v hon cng;
t chc nghim thu cng trnh xy dng;
tp hp, kim tra ti liu phc v nghim thu ;
pht hin sai st, bt hp l v thit k kp thi iu chnh;
kim nh cht lng cng trnh khi c nghi ng v cht lng;
gii quyt nhng vng mc, pht sinh trong thi cng xy dng cng
trnh.
iu 22. Gim st tc gi ca nh thu thit k xy dng cng
trnh
1. Nh thu thit k xy dng cng trnh c ngi nng lc thc
hin gim st tc gi theo quy nh trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng.
2. Khi pht hin thi cng sai vi thit k, ngi gim st tc gi phi ghi
nht k v yu cu thc hin ng thit k. Trong trng hp khng thc hin
ng theo thit k, nh thu thit k phi c vn bn thng bo cho ch u
t.
Vic thay i thit k ch cho php trong iu kin d n c iu
chnh; hoc pht hin thy nhng yu t bt hp l trong thit k, nh hng
n cht lng cng trnh, tin thi cng, bin php thi cng v hiu qu
u t ca d n, hoc trong trng hp thay i thit k bn v thi cng m
khng lm thay i thit k k thut hoc thit k c s c duyt
3. Nh thu thit k xy dng cng trnh c trch nhim tham gia
nghim thu cng trnh xy dng khi c yu cu ca ch u t. Qua gim st,
nu pht hin khng iu kin nghim thu th phi c vn bn gi ch
u t nu r l do t chi nghim thu.
Ni dung cng vic gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh bao gm cc
phn vic sau:
1/ Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc nn mng:
Gim st xy dng nn mng l mt trong nhng cng vic rt a dng
v kh phc tp ti hin trng, i hi ngi k s gim st cn c trnh v
kinh nghim . Mng l kt cu b che lp sau khi thi cng xong nn rt cn s
gim st thn trng, t m v trung thc trong sut qu trnh thi cng. Bt k
mt sai st no cng c nh hng rt ln n cht lng cng trnh bn trn.
Vic khc phc, sa cha s c l phc tp, tn km v c khi phi lm mi
thay th.
Cc hin tng thng gp l:
- S khng thng nht gia iu kin t nn lc thm d thit k
v lc thi cng;
- p dng cc cng ngh thi cng nn mng c th khc nhau trn cng
mt cng trnh (nn t nhin, nn cc, nn cn gia c, o trn kh, di mc
nc ngm, ngoi lng sng, o p ngm);
- Chu nh hng v tc ng ca s thay i thi tit (nng kh, ma bo,
lt li,..) iu c ngha rt ln trong vic la chn cng ngh thi cng
o h mng;
thc hin gim st cn tin hnh kim tra ti hin trng (iu kin
a cht cng trnh, iu kin thu vn,...) v phng th nghim (cc tnh
cht c l ca t ...). C s gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc
nn mng l cc vn bn quy chun, tiu chun c nu trong bng 2
Bng 2: Cc tiu chun phc v cho gim st thi cng v nghim thu
cng tc nn mng
Cc tiu chun
nc
S hiu tiu
TT Tn tiu chun ngoi
chun
tng
ng
Kt cu xy dng v nn. GBJ 7- 89
TCXD 40 :
1. Nguyn tc c bn v tnh JGJ 4- 80
1987
ton
JGJ 6- 80
Thi cng v nghim thu cng AS 2870-90
2. TCXD 79-1980
tc nn mng
AS 2159
TCXD 88 : Cc. Phng php th nghim BS 8004-1986
3.
1982 hin trng;
ASTM D 4945-
TCXD 189 : Mng cc tit din nh. Tiu 1989
4.
1996 chun thit k; SNiP 2.02.03-85
TCXD 205 : SNip 2.02.01.83
5. Mng cc. Tiu chun thit k
1998
JGJ 94-94
TCXD 206 : Cc khoan nhi. Yu cu v BS 5228-1992
6.
1998 cht lng thi cng
TCXD 195 : Nh cao tng. Thit k cc
7.
1997 khoan nhi
TCXDVN Cc- Phng php th nghim
8.
269:2002 bng ti trng tnh p dc trc
TCXD 190 : Mng cc tit din nh. Tiu
9.
1996 chun thi cng v nghim thu;
1.1 TCXD 196 : Nh cao tng. Cng tc th
1997 tnh v kim tra cht lng cc
khoan nhi;
Cc tiu chun
nc
S hiu tiu
TT Tn tiu chun ngoi
chun
tng
ng
TCXD 197 : Nh cao tng. Thi cng cc
10.
1997 khoan nhi
TCXDVN 326: Cc khoan nhi- Tiu chun thi

11.
2004 cng v nghim thu
Cc- Th nghim kim tra

TCXDVN
12. khuyt tt bng phng php
359:2005
ng bin dng nh
Cc khoan nhi- Phng php

TCXDVN
13. xung siu m xc nh tnh
358:2005
ng nht ca b tng.
Gia c nn t yu bng bc
14. TCXD 245 : 2000
thm thot nc.
Bng chn nc dng trong mi

TCXDVN 290:
15. ni cng trnh xy dng - Yu
2002
cu s dng.
TCXDVN 286: ng v p cc. Tiu chun thi

16.
2003 cng v nghim thu
TCXDVN385:200 "Phng php gia c nn t yu

17.
6 bng tr t xi mng "
TCVN4195-TCVN
18. t xy dng- Phng php th
4202
Dung sai trong XDCT. Phng

TCXD 210: 1998 php o kim cng trnh v
19.
( ISO 7976/2) cc cu kin ch sn ca cng
trnh- V tr cc im o
Dung sai trong XDCT. Gim

TCXD 211: 1998
nh v kch thc v kim tra
( ISO 3443:8)
cng tc thi cng
2/ Gim st thi cng v nghim thu kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp:

Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cc cng tc b tng ct thp trong cng
trnh dn dng v cng nghip bao gm cng tc gim st v nghim thu
cppha; gim st v nghim thu ct thp; kim tra qu trnh thi cng b tng
v kim tra cng tc thi cng b tng ng lc trc. Cc vn bn quy chun, tiu
chun c la chn lm c s trong qu trnh gim st thi cng v nghim thu
kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp - xem bng 3.
Qu trnh kim tra cng tc cp-pha gm cc bc sau:
* Kim tra thit k cp-pha
* Kim tra vt liu lm cp pha
* Kim tra gia cng chi tit cc tm cp-pha thnh phn to nn kt cu
* Kim tra vic lp dng khun hp cp-pha
* Kim tra s chng
Cng tc kim tra ct thp trong b tng bao gm cc vic sau y:
* Kim tra cht lng thp vt liu.
* Kim tra sch ca thanh thp.
* Kim tra s gia cng cho thanh thp m bo kch thc nh thit k.
* Kim tra vic to thnh khung ct thp ca kt cu.
* Kim tra s m bo ct thp ng v tr trong xut qu trnh b
tng.
* Kim tra cc l chn trong kt cu dnh cho vic lun dy cp hoc
cc chi tit ca vic lp t thit b
V cng tc b tng, phi kim tra cc thng s:
* Cng nn mu theo yu cu.
* st b tng thun li cho cng tc.
* Thi gian bt u ng rn v thi gian kt thc ninh kt.
* Cc yu cu v chng xm thc ca mi trng.
* Cc yu cu v ct liu v thnh phn thch hc, thnh phn ho cht,
hm lng clo, kim ...
* Cc yu cu v xi mng nh: chng loi, Mc, ph gia, thi hn ct gi,
hm lng ti a v ti thiu, mu sc.
* Cc yu cu v nc v t l nc/ximng ti a.
* Cc yu cu v ph gia kch hot hoc gim hot.
* Cc yu cu khc nh h nhit , co ngt, chng thm, . . .
* Cc yu cu v th nghim vt liu, chng ch ca vt liu s dng.
Bng 3: Cc tiu chun phc v cho gim st thi cng v nghim thu kt cu
b tng v b tng ct thp
Cc tiu
S hiu tiu chun nc
TT Tn tiu chun
chun ngoi t-
ng ng
H thng ch tiu cht lng sn
TCVN 4058: phm xy dng. Sn phm kt cu
1.
1985 bng b tng v b tng ct thp.
Danh mc ch tiu
Chng n mn trong xy dng. Kt
2. TCVN 3993 : 1985 cu b tng v b tng ct thp.
Nguyn tc c bn thit k
Nh lp ghp tm ln. Tiu chun
3. TCXD 147 : 1986
thi cng v nghim thu.
Kt cu b tng ct thp. Tiu chun
4. TCXDVN 356: 2005
thit k
Nh cao tng. Thit k kt cu b
5. TCXD 198 : 1997
tng ct thp ton khi
Kt cu BT v BTCT- Hng dn k
6. TCXDVN 313: 2004 thut chng nt di tc ng ca BS 8110
kh hu nng m
Li thp hn dng trong kt cu
7. TCXDVN 267:2002 BTCT- Tiu chun thit k , thi cng, AS 3600
lp t v nghim thu
ISO 3893
Kt cu btng v btng ct thp - EUROCOD
8. TCXDVN 313:2004 Hng dn k thut phng chng nt E2
di tc ng ca kh hu nng m
Kt cu BTCT- nh gi bn cc
b phn kt cu chu un trn cng
9. TCXDVN 363:2006
trnh bng phng php th nghim
cht ti tnh
Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp -
10.
TCXDVN 327:2004 Yu cu bo v chng n mn trong
mi trng bin"
11. Btng khi ln - Quy phm thi cng
TCXDVN 305:2004
v nghim thu
12. Nghim thu cht lng thi cng cng
TCXDVN 371:2006
trnh xy dng"
Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp
13. lp ghp. Quy phm thi cng v
TCVN 4452 : 1987
nghim thu
14. TCVN 5718 : 1993 Mi v sn b tng ct thp trong

Cc tiu
S hiu tiu chun nc
TT Tn tiu chun
chun ngoi t-
ng ng
cng trnh xy dng.Yu cu k
thut chng thm nc
15. Nh cao tng. K thut ch to b
TCXD 199 : 1997
tng mc 400-600;
16. Nh cao tng. K thut b tng bm
TCXD 200 : 1997
17. Nh cao tng. Thi cng phn thn;

TCXD 202 : 1997
18. B tng khi ln- QPTC v NT

TCXDVN 305:2004
Kt cu BT v BTCT- Hng dn bo
19.
TCXDVN 318 :2004 tr
20. Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp-

TCXDVN390:2007
Quy phm thi cng v nghim thu
21. Sn phm b tng ng lc trc - Yu
TCXDVN389:2007
cu k thut v nghim thu
22. TCVN 5440 : 1991 B tng, Kim tra v nh gi
(SEV 2046 : 79) bn. Qui nh chung
B tng nng. Phng php khng
23. ph hoi s dng kt hp my o
TCXD 171 : 1989
siu m v sng bt ny xc
nh cng nn;
24. B tng nng - Ch dn nh gi
TCXDVN239:2006
cng trn kt cu cng trnh
25. B tng nng. Phng php xc
TCVN 3117 : 1993
nh co
B tng nng. Phng php xc
26 TCVN 3118 : 1993
nh cng nn
27 TCVN 3119 : 1993
nh cng ko khi un
B tng nng.Phng php th cng
28 TCVN 3120 : 1993
ko khi ba
29 TCVN 5726 : 1993 nh cng lng tr v m un
n hi khi nn tnh
Cc tiu
S hiu tiu chun nc
TT Tn tiu chun
chun ngoi t-
ng ng
B tng nng. Yu cu bo dng m
30 TCVN 5592:1991
t nhin
B tng . Phn mc theo cng
31 TCVN 6025 :1995 .
nn .
32 TCVN 1651 :1995 Thp ct b tng cn nng .
Hng dan TK. TC v NT mi ni ct
33 TCXD 234:999 thp c g bng phng php dp
p
3/ Gim st thi cng v nghim thu kt cu gch :

Khi kim tra v nghim thu cng tc kt cu gch phi kim tra:
nhng vic sau:
- Nguyn tc xy cc mt ng, mt ngang, cc gc ca khi xy
(mch khng trng, chiu dy, c ca mch, thng ng v nm
ngang, phng v thng gc v.v);
- Chiu dy v c ca cc mch va lin kt, v tr cc hng gch
ging;
- Vic t ng v cc b mt ging neo;
- Vic thi cng chnh xc cc khe ln, khe co dn;
- Vic thi cng ng cc ng ng thng hi, ng dn khi, v tr cc l
cha sn
- Cht lng mt tng c p;
- Kch thc ca khi xy;
- t v gia cng ct thp;
- Cc lp cch li trong khi xy;
- Vic t ct thp, cc chi tit bng thp trong khi xy v cc bin
php chng g;
- Cc chi tit ngm, neo c nh vng, ban cng, s n;
- Gi ta ca dn dm, bn ln tng, ct v cc tm m di u dm,
vic neo gia nhng kt cu thp v chng mi mt cho cc kt cu g t
trn tng, ct;
- Cng tc lp dng v sai lch cho php;
- Cc phn khut khc.
trnh gim st thi cng v nghim thu kt cu gch c nu trong bng 4.
gch
Cc tiu
S hiu tiu chun nc
TT Tn tiu chun
chun ngoi tng
ng
Kt cu gch v gch ct BS 12-89
1. TCVN 5573 : 1991
thp. Tiu chun thit k BS 4550
Kt cu gch .Quy phm thi BS 896
2. TCVN 4085 : 1985
cng v nghim thu BS 6463
Xi mng Pooclng. Yu cu k BS 3797
3. TCVN 2682:1999 thut BS 5328
BS 1881
TCVN 6016 : 1995 Xi mng.Phng php th. Xc BS 3921
4.
ISO 679 : 1989 (E) nh bn; BS 4721
TCVN 6017 : 1995 Xi mng.Phng php th. Xc AS 1225
5. ISO 9597 : 1989 nh thi gian ng kt v AS 1672
(E) n nh BS 5390 ()
Ximng poclng hn hp. Phng v 6073 (gch
6. TCXDVN 308:2003 php xc nh hm lng ph b tng)
gia khong AS 1225
7. TCXDVN 324:2004 Xi mng xy trt AS 1141
AS 1379
Ct xy dng. Yu cu k thut
8. TCVN 1770 : 1986 AS 1012
AS 2701
dm, si v si dm dng
trong xy dng. Yu cu k AS 3700
9. TCVN 1771 : 1987 EN 196-7
thut
EUROCODE 6
p lt xy dng. Yu cu k
10.
TCVN 4732 : 1989 thut;
11. Gch rng t st nung

TCVN 1450:1998
12. TCVN 1451:1998 Gch c t st nung

Cc tiu
S hiu tiu chun nc
TT Tn tiu chun
chun ngoi tng
ng
13. Gch xy. Phng php th.
TCVN 6355-1:1998
Phn 1: Xc nh cng nn
TCVN 6355-2:1998
Phn 2: Xc nh cng un
TCVN 6355-3:1998
Phn 3: Xc nh ht nc
16. Va xy dng. Yu cu k
TCVN 4314 : 1986
thut;
Nc trn btng v va - Yu
17. TCXDVN 302:2004
cu k thut
4/ Gim st thi cng v nghim thu kt cu thp
Hin nay Vit Nam c hng trm cng trnh s dng nh thp tin
ch ca ccnc (Nht, Php, i loan, v ch yu l M) . Nhng cng trnh
c khng gian v khu ln thng s dng kt cu thp. Cc cng trnh ny
s dng nhngcng ngh mi, phng php thit k c nhiu im khc
vi kt cu thp truyn thng quen. V vy cng tc gim st v nghim
thu kt cu thp cng tr nn ht sc cn thit. Yu cu gim st trong cng
tc ny l kim tra vt t vt liu c cung ng; kim tra kt cu dn khng
gian; kim tra kt cu thanh cng tc lp t, kim tra lin kt hn, lin kt
bulng trong kt cu thp. Cc vn bn quy chun, tiu chun c la chn lm
c s trong qu trnh gim st thi cng v nghim thu kt cu thp c nu
trong bng 5.
thp
S hiu tiu Cc tiu chun nc
TT Tn tiu chun
chun ngoi tng ng
Kt cu thp. Tiu chun NIP II-23-81* Kt
1 TCXDVN 338:2005 thit k cu thp
- EN 1993- 1-1
2 TCXD 170 : 1989 Kt cu thp. Gia cng lp Eurocode 3. Thit k
rp v nghim thu.Yu cu Kt cu thp
k thut; - BS 5950 : Phn 1,
phn 5- Kt cu
TT Tn tiu chun
chun ngoi tng ng
Kim loi. Phng php th
3 TCVN 197 : 1985 ko
Kim loi. Phng php th

4 TCVN 198 : 1985 un
Kim tra khng ph hu.

Phn loi v nh gi
5 TCVN 4394 : 1986
khuyt tt mi hn bng ph-
ng php phim rnghen;
Kim tra khng ph hu.
Kim tra mi hn kim loi
6 TCVN 4395 : 1986 bng tia rnghen v
gamma;
Mi hn. Yu cu chung v
7 TCVN 5400 : 1991 ly mu th c tnh
thp trong ngi nh.

Mi hn. Phng php th Quy phm thit k
8 TCVN 5401 : 1991 un kt cu bng thp
cn nng, thp ngui
Mi hn. Phng php th - ANSI/AISC 360-05

un va p; Quy nh k thut
9 TCVN 5402 : 1991
v nh kt cu thp
- AS 4100-1998 Kt
Mi hn. Phng php th cu thp.
10 TCVN 5403 : 1991 ko
- AS/NZS 4600-1996
Kt cu thp to
Kim tra khng ph hu. hnh ngui.
Kim tra cht lng mi hn BS 4449, BS 4482,
11 TCXD 165 : 1988
ng thp bng phng php BS 4483
siu m
BS 4486, BS 5856,
Thit k cng trnh chu BS 3923
12 TCXDVN 375:2006 ng t ISO 2400, ISO 2437,
ISO6934, ISO 10065
EUROCODE 8
5/ Gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t thit b trong cng
trnhCc thit b trong cng trnh dn dng kh a dng v lnh vc, trong
mi lnh vc li c rt nhiu chng loi. Cu to ca chng c loi rt n gin
nhng cng c loi ht sc tinh vi, phc tp. Nhiu thit b hin nay c lc c
xem nh thuc lnh vc ny, nhng cng c lc c xem nh thuc lnh vc kia.
S a dng ca cc thit b v tc pht trin nhanh chng ca khoa hc
k thut i hi k s t vn gim st phi thng xuyn cp nht kin thc
khng b lc hu, nhanh chng nm bt tnh nng, cng dng cng nh cch
lp t, s dng cc thit b tin tin,v lm trn trch nhim gim st thi
cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t thit b cng trnh. Cc ni dung cn
giam st l:
- Gim st thi cng v nghim thu lp t trang thit b in trong cng
trnh xy dng.
- Gim st thi cng v nghim thu lp t thit b chng st trong cng
trnh xy dng.
- Gim st thi cng v nghim thu lp t thang my trong cng trnh xy
dng.
- Gim st thi cng v nghim thu lp t h thng thng gi v iu ha
khng kh.
- Gim st thi cng v nghim thu h thng cp, thot nc trong nh.
- Gim st thi cng v nghim thu lp t h thng cp kh t trung tm
trong cng trnh xy dng.
- Gim st thi cng v nghim thu lp t thit b phng chng chy
n.
- Gim st thi cng v nghim thu lp t thit b cng ngh
trnh gim st thi cng v nghim thu cng tc lp t thit b trong cng
trnh c nu trong bng 6.
Bng 6: Cc tiu chun phc v cho gim st thi cng vnghim thu cng tc
lp t thit b trong cng trnh

TT Tn tiu chun
chun ngoi tng ng
1- in chiu sng
TT Tn tiu chun
chun ngoi tng ng
Chiu sng nhn to cc nh
TCVN 3743 :
1 cng nghip v cng trnh
1983
cng nghip
TCXD 16 :
Chiu sng nhn to trong
2 1986
cng trnh dn dng;
t ng dn in trong nh
TCXD 25 :
3 v cng trnh cng cng. Tiu AS 3000
1991
chun thit k AS 1680
t thit b in trong nh AS 2293
TCXD 27 :
4 v cng trnh cng cng. Tiu (3 tp)
1991
chun thit k
AS 4282
Chiu sng t nhin trong cng AS2563
TCXD 29 :
5 trnh dn dng. Tiu chun
1991 (9 tp)
thit k
AS 1765 v 2502
Chiu sng nhn to bn ngoi
IEC 335, IEC 60335
TCXDVN cng trnh cng cng v k thut
6 IEC 1089, IEC 502,
333:2005 h tng th - Tiu chun thit
k IEC 227, IEC 60227,
IEC 794, IEC 1008, IEC
TCXDVN 263 : Lp t cp v dy in cho
7 898, IEC 60947. IEC
2002 cc cng trnh cng nghip.
598, IEC 920, IEC 186,
TCXDVN Thit k lp t trang thit b in IEC 687, IEC 1036
8
394:2007 - Phn an ton in
TCVN 5064- Dy trn dng cho ng dy
9
1994 ti in trn khng
TCVN 6483: Dy trn si trn xon thnh
10
1999 cc lp ng tm
TCVN 6614; Vt liu cch in, v bc- Ph-
11
2000 ng php th
2- Chng st
Chng st cho cng trnh xy
TCXDVN
12 dng - Hng dn thit k, kim
46:2007
tra v bo tr h thng
Lp t h thng ni t cho cc
TCXDVN
13 cng trnh cng nghip - Yu cu AS 1768
319:2004
chung.
3- iu ho khng kh
TT Tn tiu chun
chun ngoi tng ng
Thng gi, iu tit khng
TCVN 5687 :
14 kh, si m. Tiu chun thit
1991
k;
TCVN 3288 : H thng thng gi. Yu cu
15
1979 chung v an ton
AS 1668
H thng thng gi, iu ho
TCXD 232 :
16 khng kh v cp lnh. Ch to
1999
lp t v nghim thu.
TCXD 184 :
17 My qut. Sai s lp t;
1996
4- Cp thot nc
TCVN 4474 : Thot nc bn trong. Tiu chun

18
1987 thit k;
TCVN 4513 : Cp nc bn trong. Tiu chun

19
1988 thit k;
TCXDVN 51 : Thot nc. Mng li bn ngoi v

20
2007 cng trnh Tiu chun thit k
Cp nc. Mng li bn ngoi v BS 6700,

21 TCXDVN 33 : cng trnh. Tiu chun thit
BS 8031,
2006 k;
BS 5572
H thng cp thot nc bn AS 3600
TCVN 4519 :
22 trong nh v cng trnh.Quy
1988
phm thi cng v nghim thu
H thng cp thot nc. Quy

23 TCVN 5576 : phm qun l k thut;
1991
Nghim thu thit b lp

24 TCVN 5639 : t xong. Nguyn tc c bn;
1991
5- H thng phng chy chng chy
TT Tn tiu chun
chun ngoi tng ng
TCVN 6101- Thit b cha chy - H thng
25 1996 (ISO6183- cha chy ccbondioxit - Thit
1990) k v lp t
H thng cha chy. Yu cu BS 5588
TCVN 5760 :
26 chung v thit k, lp t v
1993 (dn dng)
s dng. ;
BS 8900
Phng chy, chng chy cho
TCVN 2622 : (cng nghip)
27 nh v cng trnh.Yu cu
1995 BS 5423
thit k;
BS 5041
TCVN 6160 : Phng chy cha chy. Nh cao
28 BS 5274
1996 tng. Yu cu thit k;
Phng chy cha chy. Ch v BS 5445
TCVN 6161 : BS 5839
29 trung tm thng mi. Yu cu
1996
thit k AS 1841, AS 2419
TCVN 5738- H thng bo chy - Yu cu AS 1842, AS 2444
30
2001 thit k AS 3676, AS 1221, AS
Phng chy cha chy - H 2441, AS 2118, AS
TCVN 7336- 1603, AS 2362
31 thng sprinkler t ng- Yu
2003
cu thit k v lp t
TCVN 6379- Thit b cha chy, Tr nc
32
1998 cha chy- Yu cu k thut
6 Thang my
Thang my in. Phng php
33 TCVN
th cc yu cu an ton v cu
6904:2001
to v lp t
Thang my thu lc. Phng
34 TCVN
php th cc yu cu an ton
6905:2001
v cu to v lp t
Thang cun v bng ch ngi.
35 TCVN
Phng php th cc yu cu an
6906:2001
ton v cu to v lp t
36 Thang my.Yu cu an ton

TCVN 5744 : trong lp t v s dng;
1993
37 TCVN 5863 : Thit b nng. Yu cu an ton
1995 trong lp t v s dng;
7- Lp t cc thit b cng ngh
TT Tn tiu chun
chun ngoi tng ng
Bnh chu p lc. Yu cu k
TCVN 6155 :
38 thut an ton v lp t s
1996
dng, sa cha
TCVN 6156 : thut an ton v lp t s
39
1996 dng, sa cha . Phng php
th;
TCVN 6153 :
40 thut an ton v thit k kt
1996
cu, ch to;
TCXD 182 :
41 My nn kh. Sai s lp t
1996
42 Bnh chu p lc. Yu cu k
TCVN 6153 :
thut an ton v thit k kt
1996
cu, ch to;
TCXD 182 :
43 My nn kh. Sai s lp t
1996
TCXD 185 :
44 My nghin bi. Sai s lp t;
1996
TCVN 6052 :
45 Gin gio thp;
1995
TCXD 172 :
46 Xch treo trong l xi mng;
1989
8- Cc tiu chun v an ton

TT Tn tiu chun
chun ngoi tng ng
TCVN 2287 : H thng tiu chun an ton lao
47
1978 ng. Quy nh c bn
TCVN 2289 : Qu trnh sn sut. Yu cu
48
1978 chung v an ton;
TCVN 2290 : Thit b sn xut . Yu cu
49
TCVN 2291 : Phng tin bo v ngi lao
50
1978 ng. Phn loi;
TCVN 2292 : Cng vic sn. Yu cu chung
51
1978 v an ton;
TCVN 4086 : An ton in trong xy dng.
52
1985 Yu cu chung;
TCVN 3146 : Cng vic hn in. Yu cu
53
TCVN 4244 : Quy phm k thut an ton ISO 8782
54
1986 thit b nng; ISO 13688
TCVN 4431 : Lan can an ton. iu kin k ISO 2801
55
1987 thut;
TCVN 5308 : Quy phm k thut an ton
56
1991 trong xy dng;
Ph d gin do. Yu cu chung
TCXDVN 296:
57 v an ton
2003
9- Nghim thu cng trnh

TCXDVN371:200 Nghim thu cht lng thi cng
58
6 cng trnh xy dng"
TCVN 5639 : Nghim thu thit b lp
59
1991 t xong. Nguyn tc c bn;
TCVN 5640 : Bn giao cng trnh xy dng.
60
1991 Nguyn tc c bn;
TCVN 5674 : Cng tc hon thin trong xy
61
1992 dng.Thi cng v nghim thu
6/ Cc yu cu cn ch trong cng tc gim st thi cng cng

trnh khai thc m v khang sn
- Ch u t phi c trch nhim thng xuyn kim tra, gim st n v
thi cng lm ng thit k, k hoch thi cng c duyt nhm m bo tin
xy dng v cht lng cng trnh;
- Mi s sai lch trong thi cng v thit k cn c x l kp thi, khng
nh hng n tin xy dng v cht lng cng trinh.
- Ch u t phi c i din c thm quyn gim st hoc thu t
vn gim st theo di gii quyt cc vn tn ti , pht sinh.
- C quan thit k phi t kim tra xem xt ni dung thit k c
bin php hiu chnh, b sung kp thi.
- Nh thu thi cng XD phi c trch nhim bo hnh cng trnh;
- Thi gian bo hnh theo cp v loi cng trnh
- Nh thu cung ng thit b cng trnh c trch nhim bo hnh thit
b cng trnh
- i vi k thut sn xut, bo hnh n khi t cng sut thit k.
- Mi bt ng kin, phi c bo co v c bin php x l kp thi
Ni dung gim st i vi cng tc khai thc m l thin:
- Thi gian xy dng hoc ci to m phi ph hp vi thit k t chc thi
cng.
- Phi tin hnh kho st bng phng php o c v trc a
nghim thu, bn giao tim mc trc a
- Phi kim tra xem xt s ph hp gia tnh hnh a hnh, a cht
thc t so vi ti liu kho st v thit k
- Phi kim tra nghim thu tt c cc thit b my mc, phng tin lm
vic trong m
- Nhng ngi tham gia cng tc ch o v gim st k thut phi l
nhng ngi c trnh v chuyn mn thch hp.
- n v thi cng phi thc hin theo ng thit k v n t chc thi
cng c duyt
- Khi c nhng s c, pht sinh khng m bo an ton cho ngi, thit
b, cng trnh phi thng bo cho ch u t ng thi thi hnh ngay cc bin
php khc phc s c, hn ch cc thit hi c th xy ra.
Nh vy vi s lng quy chun, tiu chun nh nu cc bng trn cho
thy cng tc gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh Vit nam han ton c
c s xem xt, nh gi cht lng v nghim thu cng trnh.
7/ Gim st tc gi ca nh thu thit k trong qu trnh thi cng
xy dng cng trnh
Vic gim st tc gi cng trnh xy dng l quyn hn v trch nhim
ca t chc thit k lp n thit k cng trnh nhm mc ch gim
st vic xy dng ng n thit k c cp c thm quyn ph duyt
bo m nng lc thit k, cht lng, tin xy dng v gi thnh cng
trnh xy dng.
Cng tc gim st tc gi c thc hin trong sut c qu trnh xy dng
cng trnh. K t khi khi cng cho n khi chnh thc bn giao ton b cng
trnh.
Cng tc gim st tc gi ca t chc thit k khng thay th cho cng
tc gim st cht lng thi cng ca ca t chc nhn thu xy lp v ch u
t.
Ni dung ca tc gi thit k l gim st s ph hp ca vic thi cng cng
trnh vi cc gii php k thut, cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut c duyt trong
thit k, k thut v kt cu cng trnh c th hin trong bn v thi cng;
Gim st s ph hp ca vic thi cng cng trnh vi cc tiu chun k thut, quy
trnh, quy phm, nh mc kinh t k thut hin hnh v vi cc ch dn
trong bn v thi cng; X l sa i, b sung bn v thi cng v d ton trong
phm vi quyn hn ca t chc thit k cho ph hp vi tnh hnh v iu
kin c th ti hin trng v phi gii quyt kp thi cc vn pht sinh
trong qu trnh thi cng c lin quan n cng tc thit k cng trnh khi cc
t chc nhn thu yu cu nhm tit kim vt t, y mnh tin , nng
cao bn vng ca cng trnh.
T chc t vn thit k phi c trch nhim t chc gim st tc gi
hin trng thc hin cc ni dng nu trn y sau khi n thit k -
c cp c thm quyn ph duyt. Gim st tc gi c th do t chc t vn thit
k thnh lp hoc c th mi cc chuyn gia hoc cc t chc chuyn ngnh
ngoi t chc thit k ca mnh thc hin cng tc gim st tc gi cho
tng phn thit k tng dng cng vic chuyn ngnh. Ch u t v nh thu
thi cng xy dng cng trnh c trch nhim gip v to iu kin vt
cht cho t gim st tc gi hin trng thc hin tt cng tc gim st tc gi
Vic thay i thit k trong qu trnh thi cng ch c thc hin khi:
- c s iu chnh d n.
- do thit k ban u khng hp l. nh hng n cht lng cng trnh,
tin thi cng xy dng, bin php thi cng v hiu qu u t ca d n.
- thay i thit k bn v thi cng nhng khng lm thay i thit k k
thut hoc thit k c s c duyt.
8. Nghim thu cng vic xy dng, b phn cng trnh, giai on xy dng, nghim thu
hon thnh hng mc cng trnh v cng trnh xy dng
Phi da vo tiu chun TCXDVN 371-2006 - Nghim thu cht lng thi
cng cng trnh xy dng- thc hin cc qui nh v ni dung v
trnh t tin hnh cng tc nghim thu cht lng thi cng xy dng cng
trnh dn dng v cng nghip (xy dng mi v ci to) hon
thnh.
Tiu chun ny quy nh ch c php a b phn cng trnh (hng
mc cng trnh hoc cng trnh) xy dng xong vo s dng sau
khi tin hnh cng tc nghim thu theo nhng quy nh ca tiu
chun ny.
Ch c nghim thu nhng cng vic xy lp, b phn kt cu, thit
b, my mc, b phn cng trnh, giai on thi cng, hng mc cng
trnh v cng trnh hon ton ph hp vi thit k c duyt, tun theo
nhng yu cu ca tiu chun ny v cc tiu chun qui phm thi cng v
nghim thu k thut chuyn mn lin quan.
i vi cng trnh hon thnh nhng vn cn cc tn ti v cht lng m
nhng tn ti khng nh hng n bn vng v cc iu kin
s dng bnh thng ca cng trnh th c th chp nhn nghim thu
ng thi phi tin hnh nhng cng vic sau y:
- Lp bng thng k cc cc tn ti v cht lng (theo mu ghi
ph lc N) v quy nh thi hn sa cha, khc phc nh
thu thc hin;
- Cc bn c lin quan c trch nhim theo di v kim tra vic sa
cha, khc phc cc cc tn ti ;
- Tin hnh nghim thu li sau khi cc cc tn ti v cht lng -
c sa cha khc phc xong.
Khi nghim thu cng trnh ci to c thit b, my mc ang hot ng
phi tun theo ni quy, tiu chun k thut vn hnh v cc quy nh
v an ton, v sinh ca n v sn xut.
Cc bin bn nghim thu trong thi gian xy dng v bin bn nghim
thu bn giao a cng trnh vo s dng l cn c thanh ton sn
phm xy lp v quyt ton gi thnh cng trnh xy dng xong.
i vi cc cng vic xy dng c nghim thu nhng thi cng li hoc
cc my mc thit b lp t nhng thay i bng my mc thit b
khc th phi tin hnh nghim thu li.
i vi cng vic xy dng, giai on thi cng xy dng, b phn cng
trnh xy dng sau khi nghim thu c chuyn sang nh thu khc thi
cng tip th nh thu phI c tham gia nghim thu xc nhn vo
bin bn.
1.1 Cc cng vic xy dng, kt cu xy dng, b phn cng trnh xy
dng trc khi b che lp kn phi t chc nghim thu.
1.2 i vi cc cng vic xy dng, kt cu xy dng, b phn cng
trnh xy dng khng nghim thu c phi sa cha hoc x l gia
c th phi tin hnh nghim thu li theo phng n x l k thut
c n v thit k v ch u t ph duyt.
1.3 Khng nghim thu hng mc cng trnh, b phn cng trnh, cng
vic xy dng sau khi sa cha hoc x l gia c nhng vn khng
p ng c yu cu bn vng v cc yu cu s dng bnh thng
ca cng trnh.
1.4 Cng tc qun l cht lng thi cng trn cng trng ca cc bn tham
gia xy dng cng trnh phi thc hin theo qui nh ca tiu
chun TCVN 5637: 1991 v tiu chun ny.
1.5 Ch u t hoc n v gim st thi cng xy dng ca ch u t
cn thng xuyn kim tra cng tc qun l cht lng thi cng xy
dng trn cng trng ca nh thu xy lp. Kt qu kim tra ghi
theo mu ti ph lc A ca tiu chun ny.
1.6 Cng trnh xy dng phi c kim sot cht lng thi cng theo cc
qui nh:
a. Phi tin hnh kim tra, nghim thu cht lng ti hin trng tt c
cc loi vt liu, thit b, sn phm ch to sn trc khi s dng vo
cng trnh;
b. Mi cng vic xy dng u phi kim tra, kim sot cht lng
ngay trong khi ang thi cng v phi tin hnh nghim thu sau khi
hon thnh;
c. Cha c s kim tra v chp nhn nghim thu ca ch u t hoc
n v gim st thi cng xy dng ca ch u t th nh thu thi
cng xy dng khng c tin hnh thi cng cng vic tip theo,
b phn cng trnh xy dng tip theo, giai on thi cng xy
dng tip theo.
1.7 Ch u t ch tr t chc nghim thu hon thnh hng mc cng
trnh xy dng, cng trnh xy dng a vo s dng.
9. Xc nh khi lng thi cng xy dng

1. Khi nim v o bc khi lng xy dng v vai tr ca vic o bc khi lng trong
vic nh gi xy dng
1.1. Khi nim
Theo ti liu o to v Chuyn o bc khi lng cc cng tc xy dng Cng ty
Davis Langdon & Seah (Singgapore) bc bin son th khi nim v o tin lng c xc
nh nh sau o bc tin lng l qu trnh o bc kch thc t bn v v in chng vo
cc t ghi kch thc, theo danh mc cc cng tc. Cc s liu ny sau s c s l
lp ra Bng tin lng theo quy trnh.
Theo khi nim trn, vic o bc khi lng xy dng l xc nh kch thc cc b
phn cng trnh theo danh mc cng tc t bn v thit k. Tuy nhin th t cho thy khi
lng o bc khng ch biu th qua kch thc o m cn biu th qua s lng m,
tnh ton v c nhng khi lng cng tc xy dng cn thc hin nhng khng th hin trn
vn bnv m th hin qua cc ti liu ch dn, yu cu k thut. Do vy din t y
nht v vic o bc khi lng xy dng ph hp vi quy nh hin ti ca Vit Nam v thit
k v qun l chi ph, c th xem xt khi nim sau: o bc khi lng y dng cng trnh l
vic xc nh khi lng ca cng trnh, h mc cng trnh theo khi lng cng tc xy
dng c th, c thc hin theo phng thc o, m, tnh ton, kim tra trn c s kch
thc, s lng quy nh trong bn v thit k (thit k c s, thit k k thut, thit k bn
v thi cng) v cc khi lng khc trn c s cc yu cu cn thc hinca d n, ch dn
k thut ca thit k v cc tiu chun, quy chun xy dng Vit Nam.
Nh vy o bc khi lng l vic xc nh khi lng cng tc xy dng c th
thng qua vic o, m, tnh ton trn c s kch thc, s lng trong vn bn v v cc
khi lng khc trn c s cc ti liu k thut, ch dn khc km theo. Cng cn lu rng,
trng hp bn v thit k ca cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh khng y thng tin
thc hin vic o bc khi lng cng tc xy dng c th (v d nh trong vn bn v thit
k c s) th khi lng ca cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh c o bc theo b phn kt
cu, dien tch, cng nng s dng... v phi c m t y v tnh cht, c im v vt
liu s dng lm c s cho vic cho vic xc nh chi ph ca cng trnh, hng mc cng
trnh .
1.2. Vai tr ca vic o bc khi lng trong vic nh gi xy dng
Mc a) khon 1 iu 5 v Lp tng mc u t ti ngh nh 99/2007/N-CP v Qun
l chi ph u t xy dng cng trnh quy nh chi ph xy dng c tnh theo khi
lng ch yu t thit k c s... chi ph thit b tnh theo s lng, chng loi thit b ph
hp vi thit k cng ngh... v khon 2 iu 8 v ni dung d ton xy dng cng trnh
cng nu D ton cng ton cng trnh c lp cn c trn c s khi lng cc cng
vic cc cng vic xc nh theo thit k k thut hoc thit k bn v thi cng.... Nh vy
c th ni rng tng mc u t hay d ton xy dng cng trnh (v lin quan vi n l gi
hp ng, gi thanh ton v quyt ton vn u t xy dng cng trnh...) ch c hnh
thnh hoc xc nh c th khi xut hin yu t khi lng xy dng (cc cng tc xy lp,
b phn cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh...) m yu t khi lng chnh l sn phm ca vic
o bc khi lng. Do vy c th ni rng vic o bc khi lng xy dng c vai tr c
bit quan trng trong vic hnh thnh, xc nh chi ph u t xy dng. C th khi lng o
bc c s dng nh sau :
- o bc khi lng xy dng theo bn v thit k c s xc nh tng mc u t
xy dng cng trnh.
- o bc khi lng xy dng theo bn v thit k k thut, thit k bn v thi cng
+ Xc nh d ton;
+ Lp Bng khi lng trong h s mi thu;
+ Xc nh gi gi thu (ch u t), gi d thu (nh...)
+ Xc nh gi hp ng trong trng hp ch nh thu;
+ Xc nh gi thanh ton trong trng hp ch nh thu v p dng phng thc hp
ng trn gi.
Do c o bc t bn v thit k v cc ti liu, ch dn k thut nn khi lng o
bc trong phm vi hng dn ny ch dng trong giai on xc nh chi ph. i vi vic
thanh ton theo hp ng n gi c nh hay iu chnh, khi lng thanh ton thng cn
c trn c s khi lng nghim thu o bc t thc hon thnh.
2.Phng php o bc khi lng xy dng cng trnh.
Mc d Phng php o bc khi lng xy dng xut hin ln u tin trn th
gii t rt lu v mt s nc khu vc hin ti c hng dn nhng nc ta cho ti nay
cha c hng dn v Phng php o bc khi lng c chnh thc cng b. Vic thiu
hng dn ny trn thc t gy mt nn mt s hn ch trong vic kim tra,nng cao tnh
chnh xc ca khi.
Ngh nh 99/2007/N-CP ngy 13/6/2007 ca Chnh ph v Qun l chi ph u t
xy dng cng trnh a ra trch nhim i vi c quan qun l nh nc v dng cn
phi a ra Phng php o bc khi lng cng trnh. Hng dn ny xc nh
nguyn tc, trnh t v nhng quy nh c th i vi vic o bc khi lng xy dng cng
trnh.
2.1. Nguyn tc o bc khi lng xy dng cng trnh
Vic o bc khi lng xy dng cng trnh cn tun th nguyn tc sau y :
2.1.1. Khi lng xy dng cng trnh phi c o, m , tnh ton theo trnh t ph
hp vi quy trnh cng ngh, trnh t thi cng xy dng cng trnh. Khi lng o bc cn
th hin c tnh cht, kt cu cng trnh, vt liu ch yu s dng v phng php thi cng
thch hp m bo iu kin xc nh c chi ph xy dng.
2.1.2. Tu theo c im v tnh cht tng loi cng trnh xy dng, khi lng xy
dng o bc c th phn nh theo b phn cng trnh (phn ngm (ct 00 tr xung), phn
ni (ct 00 tr ln), phn hon thin v phn xy dng khc) hoc theo hng mc cng trnh.
khi lng xy dng o bc va b phn cng trnh hoc hng mc c phn thnh cng
tc xy dng v cng tc lp t.
2.1.3. Cc thuyt minh, ghi ch hoc ch dn lin quan ti qu trnh o bc cn nu r
rng, ngn gn, d hiu v ng quy phm, ph hp vi h s thit k cng trnh xy dng.
Khi tnh ton nhng cng vic cn din gii th cn phi c din gii c th nh cong
vm, tnh cht ca cc cht liu (g, b tng kim loi...), iu kin thi cng (trong, trong
ngoi nh, trn cn, di nc...)
2.1.4. Cc kch thc o bc c ghi theo th t chiu di, chiu rng, chiu cao
(hoc chiu su); khi khng theo th t ny phi din gii c th.
2.1.5 Cc k hiu dng trong Bng tnh ton, o bc khi lng cng trnh, hng mc
cng trnh phi ph hp vi k hiu trong bng v thit k. Cc khi lng ly theo thng k
ca thit k th phi ghi r ly theo s liu thng k ca thit k v ch r s hiu ca bn v
thit k c s thng k .
2.1.6. n v tnh: Tu theo yu cu qun l v thit k c th hin, mi mt khi
lng xy dng s c xc nh theo mt n v o ph hp. n v o theo th tch l m 3;
theo din tch l m2; theo chiu di l m; theo s lng l ci, b, n v...; theo trong lng
l tn; kg...
Trng hp s dng n v tnh khc vi n v tnh thng dng (inch, Foot, Square
foor...) th phi c thuyt minh b sung.
2.2. Trnh t trin khai cng tc o bc khi lng xy dng cng trnh
tin hnh o bc khi lng xy dng, cc chuyn gia o bc khi ln cn tun
th trnh sau:
2.2.1. Nghin cu, kim tra nm vng cc thng tin trong bn v thit k v ti liu ch
dn km theo. Trng hp cn thit yu cu nh thit k gii thch r cc vn c lin quan
n o bc khi lng xy dng cng trnh.
2.2.2. Lp bng tnh ton, o bc khi lng cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh (v d
Bng ny xem di y). Bng tnh ton ny phi ph hp vi bn thit k, trnh t thi cng
xy dng cng trnh, th hin c y khi lng xy dng cng trnh v ch r c v
tr cc b phn cng trnh, cng tc xy dng thuc cng trnh.
BNG TNH TON, O BC KHI LNG CNG TRNH, HNG MC CNG TRNH
STT Kch thc
S Khi
K M Khi
n b lng
hiu hiu Danh mc cng tc Cao lng Ghi
v phn Di Rng mt
bn cng o bc (su) ton ch
tnh ging b
v tc b
nhau phn
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
1 PHN NGM
Cng tc o mng, m3
ct bng th cng t
cp 2
...................................
.....
Cng tc p nn m3
mng
..................................
......
Cng tc xy tng m3
thng chiu dy >33
cm, cao <4m
..................................
......
. Cng tc xy tng m3
thng dy 33cm,
cao 16cm
.................................
.....
2 PHN HON
THIN
Trt tng ngoi dy m2
> 1,5cm
.................................
.....
Lt hoa cng m2
nn, tit din
0,25
...................................
.....
Lng nn sn khng m2
nh mu, dy 2,0
cm
3 PHN XY DNG
KHC
Ri thm mt ng
b tng nha ht mn,
chiu dy mt ng
ln p 5cm
............. .....................
.
....
Cc cng trnh ph
tr
Nh bo v m2
sn
Tng ro m2
tng
Vn hoa, cy cnh m2
..................................
......
Ghi ch:
- Danh mc cng tc ct (4) c th xc nh theo Hng mc cng trnh v khi lng
cc cng tc xy dng, lp t Hng mc cng trnh.
- i vi khi lng cng tc lp t, khi lng thit b xc nh theo ci hoc theo
trng lng (tn, kg) th ct (6), (7) v (8) khng s dng.
- Ct (12) dnh cho cc ghi ch c bit cn thuyt minh lm r hn v cc c im
cn lu khi thc hin o bc.
Bng tnh ton, o bc khi lng cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh cn lp theo trnh
t t ngoi vo trong, t di ln trn theo trnh t thi cng (mng ngm, khung, sn bn
trn, hon thin, lp t).
2.2.3. Thc hin o bc khi lng xy dng cng trnh theo Bng tnh ton, o bc
khi lng cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh.
2.2.4. Tng hp cc khi lng xy dng o bc vo Bng khi lng xy dng
cng trnh (v d Bng ny xem di y) sau khi khi lng o bc c x l theo
nguyn tc lm trn cc tr s.
BNG KHI LNG XY DNG CNG TRNH
M hiu n v
STT Khi lng cng tc xy dng Khi lng Ghi ch
cng tc tnh
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
I PHN NGM
Cng tc o mng ct bng m3
th cng, t cp 2. Cng tc
o, p t
................................................
.......
Cng tc p nn mng m3
...............................................
Cng tc xy tng thng m3
chiu dy >33cm, cao 4m
...........................................
..........................................
II PHN NI
Cng tc o rnh thot nc m3
cp II rng 3m, su 1m
..........................................
Cng tc xy tng thng dy m3
33cm, cao 16cm
.............................................
III PHN HON THIN
Trt tng ngoi dy 1,5 m2
.........................................
Lt hoa cng nn, tit din
0,25m2 lt
..........................................
IV PHN XY DNG KHC m2
Ri thm mt ng b tng
nha ht mn, chiu dy mt
ng ln p 5cm
......................................
Cc cng trnh ph
Nh bo v m2 sn
Tng ro m2
tng
Vn hoa cy cnh m2
.........................................
Lp t chu ra 2 vi B
..........................................
Ghi ch:
- Danh mc cng tc xy dng ct (4) c th gi nguyn nh kt cu bng theo
Ph lc 1 hoc c th sp xp li ty theo mc ch s dng.
- Khi lng ghi ct (5) l khi lng do bc th hin ct (11) Bng Ph lc 1
v c x l lm trn cc tr s.
- Ct (12) dnh cho cc ghi ch c bit cn thuyt minh lm r hn v cc c im
cn lu khi p gi, xc nh chi ph.
2.3. Mt s quy nh c th khi o bc khi lng xy dng cng trnh
Ty theo yu cum ch dn t thit k m cng trnh, b phn cng trnh, hng mc
cng trnh c th gm mt s nhm loi cng tc xy dng v lp t di y. Khi o bc
cc cng t xy dng v lp t ny cn ch ti cc quy nh c th sau:
2.3.1. Cng tc o p:
- Khi lng o phi c d bc theo nhm, loi cng tc, cp t, , iu kin thi
cng v bin php thi cng (th cng hay c gii)
- Khi lng p phi c o bc theo nhm, loi cng tc, theo loi vt liu p
(t, , ct...), cht yu cu khi p, iu kin thi cng, bin php thi cng (th cng hay
c gii).
- Khi lng o, p khi o bc phi tr khi lng cc cng trnh ngm (ng ng
k thut, cng thot nc...)
2.3.2. Cng tc xy:
- Khi lng cng tc xy c o bc, phn loi ring theo loi vt liu xy (gch,
...), mc va xy, chiu dy khi xy, chiu cao khi xy theo b phn cng trnh v iu
kin thi cng.
- Khi lng xy dng c o bc bao gm c cc phn nh ra v cc chi tit khc
gn lin vi khi xy v phi tr khi lng cc khong trng khng phi xy trong khi xy,
ch giao nhau v phn b tng chm trong khi xy.
2.3.3. Cng tc b tng
- Khi lng b tng c o bc, phn loi theo phng thc sn xut b tng (b
tng trn ti ch, b tng thng phm), theo loi b tng s dng (b tng dm, b tng
at phan, b tng chu nhit, b tng bn sunfat...), kch thc vt liu (, ct, si...), mc xi
mng, mc va b tng, theo b phn cng trnh (mng, tng, ct, sn...), theo chiu dy
khi b tng theo cu kin b tng (b tng c sn), theo iu kin thi cng v bin php thi
cng.
- Khi lng b tng c o bc l ton b kt cu b tong k c cc phn nh ra,
khng tr cc kt cu kim loi dng lp th, ct thp, dy buc, cc chi tit tng t v phi
tr i cc khe co gin, l rng trn b mt kt cu b tng, ch giao nhau.
- Nhng yu cu c bit v cc bin php dm, bo dng hoc bin php k thut v
x l c bit theo thit k hoc tiu chun quy phm cn c ghi r trong Bng tnh ton
cng tc o bc ca cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh.
2.3.4. Cng tc vn khun:
- Khi lng vn khun c o bc, phn loi ring theo cht liu s dng lm vn
khun (thp, g, g dn ph phin...)
- Khi lng vn khun c o theo b mt tip xc gia vn khun v b tng (k
c cc phn vn khun nh ra theo tiu chun k thut hoc ch dn) v phi tr cc khe co
gin, cc l rng trn b mt kt cu b tng hoc ch giao nhau gia mng v dm, ct vi
tng, dm vi dm, dm vi ct, dm vf ct vi sn, u tm an ngm tng...
2.3.5. Cng tc ct thp:
- Khi lng ct thp phi c o bc, phn loi thp (thp thng v thp d ng
lc, thp trn, thp vn), mc thp, nhm thp, ng knh ct thp, b phn cng trnh
(mng, ct, sn mi, tng ...) v iu kin thi cng.
- Khi lng ct thp c o bc bao gm khi lng ct thp v khi lng dy
buc, mi ni chng, ming m, con k, bu lng lin kt (trng hp trong bn v thit k
c th hin).
- Cc thng tin cng tiu chun, hnh dng b mt v cc c im v nhn dng
khc cn c ghi r trong Bng tnh ton cng tc o bc ca cng trnh, hng mc cng
trnh.
2.3.6. Cng tc cc:
- Khi lng cc phi c o bc, phn loi theo vt liu ch to cc (c tre, g, b
tng ct thp, thp), kch thc cc (chiu di mi cc, ng knh, tit din), phng php
ni cc, cp t , su ng cc, iu kin thi cng (trn cn, di nc, mi trng
nc ngt, nc l, nc mn) v bin php thi cng (th cng, thi cng bng my).
Cc thng tin lin quan n cng tc ng cc nh cc yu cu cn thit khi ng cc
cn c ghi r trong Bng tnh ton cng tc o bc ca cng trnh, hng mc cng trnh.
- i vi cc khoan nhi vic o bc khi lng cng tc b tng, ct thp cc thc
hin theo hng dn v cng tc b tng (mc 2.3.3) v ct thp (mc 2.3.5) ca vn bn
ny.
2.3.7. Cng tc khoan:
- Khi lng cng tc khoan phi c o bc, phn loi theo ng knh l khoan,
iu kin khoan (khoan trn cn hay khoan di nc, mi trng nc ngt, nc l, nc
mn), cp t, ; phng php khoan (khoan thng, khoan xin) v thit b khoan (khoan
xoay, khoan gung xon, khoan lc...), k thut s dng bo v thnh l khoan (ng vch,
bentonit...).
- Cc thng tin v cng tc khoan nh s lung v chiu su khoan v cc yu cu cn
thit khi tin hnh khoan... cn c ghi r trong Bng tnh ton cng tc o bc ca cng
trnh hng mc cng trnh.
2.3.8. Cng tc lm ng
- Khi lng cng tc lm ng phi c o bc, phn loi theo loi ng (b
tng, ng nha, ng cp phi...), theo trnh t ca kt cu (nn mng, mt ng), chiu
dy ca tng lp, theo bin php thi cng.
- Khi lng lm ng khi o bc phi tr cc khi lng l trng trn mt ng
(h ga, h thm) cc ch giao nhau.
- Cc thng tin v cng tc lm ung nh cp k thut ca ng, mt ct ngang
ng, l ng, va h, di phn cch, lan can phng h, sn k, din tch trng c, bin bo
hiu... cn c ghi r trong Bng tnh ton khi lng xy dng o bc ca cng trnh, hng
mc cng trnh.
- Cc cng tc xy, b tng, ct thp.... thuc cng tc lm ng khi o bc thc hin
theo hng dn v cng tc xy (mc 2.3.2), cng tc b tng (mc 2.3.3) v cng tc ct
thp (2.3.5) ca vn bn ny.
2.3.9. Cng tc kt cu thp
- Khi lng kt cu thp phi c o bc, phn loi theo chng loi thp, c tnh k
thut ca thp, kch thc kt cu, cc kiu lin kt (hn, bu lng...), cc yu cu k thut cn
thit khi gia cng, lp dng, bin php gia cng, lp dng (th cng, c gii, tr chng tm
khi lp dng kt cu thp...)
- Khi lng kt cu thp c o bc theo khi lng cc thanh thp cc tm thp
to thnh. Khi lng kt cu thp bao gm c mi ni chng theo quy nh ca tiu chun
k thut, khi lng ct xin, ct vt cc du hoc cc khi lng khot b to ra cc
rnh, l cng nh khi lng hn, bu lng, ai c, con k v cc lp m bo v.
2.3.10. Cng tc hon thin:
- Khi lng cng tc hon thin c o bc, phn loi theo cng vic cn hon thin
(trt, lng, p, lt, lm mi, sn, b...), theo chng loi vt liu s dng hon thin (g, gch
p...), theo kt cu cng trnh (ct, mi, tng, trn...), theo iu kin v bin php thi cng,
theo v tr (trong nh, ngoi nh...)
- Khi lng cng tc hon thin khi o bc phi tr i khi lng cc l rng, khong
trng khng phi hon thin trn din tch phn hon thin (nu c) v cc ch giao nhau.
- Cc thng tin v c tnh k thut ca vt liu cn c ghi r trong Bng tnh ton,
o bc khi lng cng trnh hng mc cng trnh.
2.3.11. Cng tc lp t thit b cng trnh
- Khi lng lp t thit b cng trnh c o bc, phn loi theo loi thit b, t
hp, h thng thit b cn lp t, bin php thi cng v iu kin thi cng (chiu cao, su
lp t)...
- Khi lng lp t thit b cng trnh phi bao gm tt c cc ph kin hon thin
ti ch cc thit b, t hp, h thng thit b.
10. Lp h s hon thnh cng trnh
Nghim thu hon thnh hng mc cng trnh

hoc cng trnh xy dng a vo s dng
Tin hnh nghim thu v lp bin bn theo mu sau y:
1, Cng trnh/hng mc cng

trnh:. ................................................................................................
2, a im xy dng:
..............................................................................................................................
3, Thnh phn tham gia nghim thu: (Ghi r t chc, h tn v chc v c nhn)
a) Pha ch u t:
- Ngi i din theo php lut v ngi ph trch b phn gim st thi cng xy dng
cng trnh ca ch u t;
- Ngi i din theo php lut v ngi ph trch b phn gim st thi cng xy dng
cng trnh ca nh thu t vn gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh.
b) Pha nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh:
- Ngi i din theo php lut v ngi ph trch thi cng trc tip ca nh thu thi
cng xy dng cng trnh;
- Ngi i din theo php lut v ngi ph trch b phn gim st thi cng xy
dng cng trnh ca tng thu (i vi hnh thc hp ng tng thu)
b) Pha nh thu thit k xy dng cng trnh tham gia nghim thu theo yu cu ca
ch u t xy dng cng trnh:
- Ngi i din theo php lut;
- Ch nhim thit k.
a) i vi nhng cng trnh c yu cu phng chy cao hoc c nguy c nhim mi tr -
ng th nht thit phi c i din ca c quan phng chy cha chy v c quan ti
nguyn mi trng cp tng ng trc tip tham gia nghim thu;
b) i vi nhng cng trnh c chuyn gia nc ngoi th cn c i din chuyn gia thit
k v chuyn gia thi cng tham gia vo cng vic nghim thu. Cc i din ny do c
quan qun l chuyn gia nc ngoi ti cng trnh ngh, Ch u t quyt nh.
c) V cc thnh phn khc trc tip tham gia nghim thu (theo yu cu ca ch u t)
4, Thi gian tin hnh nghim thu :

Bt u : ....... ngy ........ thng ....... nm .........
Kt thc : ....... ngy ........ thng ....... nm ........
Ti: ...............................
5, nh gi hng mc cng trnh xy dng, cng trnh xy dng:

a) Ti liu lm cn c nghim thu;
- Phiu yu cu nghim thu ca nh thu thi cng xy dng;
- Tiu chun, quy phm xy dng c p dng: (Ghi r tn tiu chun, qui phm, ti liu
ch dn k thut chuyn mn c lin quan n i tng nghim thu)
- H s hon thnh xy dng cng trnh theo danh mc ti ph lc 10 ca tiu chun
ny;
- Vn bn chp thun ca c quan qun l nh nc c thm quyn v phng chng
chy, n; an ton mi trng; an ton vn hnh theo quy nh.
- Bin bn kim tra h s ti liu hon thnh xy dng hng mc, cng trnh xy
dng ca c quan qun l nh nc theo phn cp;
- Bin bn nghim thu ni b ca nh thu thi cng xy dng;
- Nhng iu kin chun b a hng mc, cng trnh vo s dng.
b) V tin xy dng hng mc, cng trnh:
- Ngy khi cng:
- Ngy hon thnh:
c) V cng sut a vo vn hnh ca hng mc, cng trnh:
- Theo thit k c duyt:
- Theo thc t t c:
d) V c im bin php bo v an ton lao ng, an ton phng n, phng
chy, chng nhim mi trng v an ton s dng.
- Theo thit k c duyt:
- Theo thc t t c:
e) Khi lng:
- Theo thit k (hoc theo h s d thu)
- Theo thc t t c:
f) V cht lng hng mc cng trnh xy dng, cng trnh xy dng (Tin hnh nghim
thu nh qui nh ti iu 4.4, i chiu vi thit k, tiu chun, qui phm k thut, ti
liu ch dn k thut chuyn mn v yu cu k thut ca cng trnh nh gi
cht lng)
g) Nhng sa i trong qu trnh thi cng so vi thit k c duyt:
h) Cc kin khc nu c.
6, Kt lun :
- Chp nhn hay khng nghim thu hon thnh hng mc cng trnh hoc cng trnh
xy dng bn giao a vo s dng. Nu khng chp nhn nghim thu th
phi ghi r l do;
- Cc tn ti v cht lng cn phi sa cha khc phc. Thi gian nh thu phi hon
thnh cng tc sa cha, khc phc;
- Cc yu cu khc nu c
7, Cc bn tham gia nghim thu: (k, ghi r h tn, chc v v ng du)
11. H thng qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng ca nh thu, ban qun l d n
v t vn qun l d n
Nh thu phi giao nhim v cho phng qun l k thut lp h thng theo di v qun l
cht lng ca n v mnh c tham kho kin ca pha ch u t.
Ch u t phi phn cng cho b phn t vn gim st lp h thng theo di cht lng ca
d n v c ngi chuyn trch theo di chung v cht lng cng trnh.
Bn t vn qun l d n nu ch u t khng t chc Ban qun l d n phi theo m hnh
t chc chung ca cc Ban qun l d n hnh thnh h thng theo di cht lng cng
trnh. C th tham kho h thng theo di qun l cht lng nh cch t chc ca ISO 9000,
phin bn 2000.
12. Gii thiu m hnh qun l cht lng theo ISO 9000
Tiu chun quc t ISO 9000 l tiu chun v t chc sn xut. Vic t
chc sn xut tun theo nhng phng php v chun mc to ra
sn phm bo m cht lng l i tng ca tiu chun quc t ISO
9000.
Tiu chun quc t ISO 9000 tri qua hai ln thay i vo cc thi k:
ISO 9000 : 1994 ban hnh thc hin phin bn u tin ca tiu
chun t chc sn xut c ch n cht lng t nm 1994.
ISO 9000 : 2000 l tiu chun c sa v ci tin li tiu chun ny
ban hnh nm 1994.
V phin bn tiu chun ISO 9000 : 1994
C 3 tiu chun l ISO 9001 quy nh chung cho c qu trnh to nn sn

phm xy dng, t khu thit k, cung ng vt t, th nghim, sn
xut , dch v cho sn xut. ISO 9002 l qu trnh thc hin c th
ch to ra sn phm bao gm cc khu cung ng iu kin sn xut,
th nghim, sn xut v cc dch v phc v cho sn xut. ISO 9003
chuyn ni v kim tra cht lng sn phm qua tng bc v bc cui cng.
S nh sau:
ISO 9001
ISO 9002
ISO
9003
Thit k Cung ng Sn
xut Dch v
Th
nghim
Cc yu t cht lng c tiu chun ISO 9000 phin bn nm 1994 nu ra

v phm vi chi phi l :
ISO ISO ISO

S TT Tn yu t cht lng 9001 9002 9003
1 Trch nhim ca lnh o x x v

2 H thng cht lng x x v
3 Xem xt hp ng x x x
4 Kim tra thit k x x
5 Kim tra ti liu v d liu x x x
6 Mua sn phm v vt t x x
7 Kim tra sn phm do x x x
khch cung ng
8 Xc nh ngun gc vt x x v
liu
9 Kim sot qu trnh sn x x
xut
10 Kim tra v th nghim x x v
11 Kim chun cng c kim x x x
tra
12 Trng thi th nghim x x x
13 Kim sot sn phm khng x x v
t yu cu
14 Hnh ng khc phc v x x v
phng nga
15 Cha hng, bao b v giao x x x
hng
16 Kim tra h s cht lng x x v
17 nh gi cht lng theo ni x x v
b
18 Bi dng, to, nng cao x x v
nghip v
19 Dch v x x
20 Tnh ton, thng k x x x
Sau qu trnh 6 nm s dng tiu chun ny, cht lng sn phm, dch v
ca nhng n v s dng tiu chun ny nng cao hn so vi trc
y. Tuy nhin qua thc t s dng th thy tiu chun ny kh cng
knh trong khu p dng.
Nm 2000, tiu chun ISO 9000 a ra phin bn mi c ci tin nhiu so
vi phin bn nm 1994.
V phin bn tiu chun ISO 9000 : 2000
Nhng ci tin ca phin bn ny so vi phin bn nm 1994 :

+ V cu trc :
Trc y c 3 tiu chun l ISO 9001, ISO 9002, ISO 9003. Nay rt gn
ch cn ISO 9001 chung cho tt c cc bc trong qu trnh sn xut to ra
sn phm.
Trc y yu cu 20 mc nh bng trn , nay ch cn chia ra 4 nhm yu
cu chnh l :
- Trch nhim ca lnh o
- Qun l ngun lc
- Qun l qu trnh sn xut to ra sn phm
- Kim tra, o lng, phn tch v ci tin
+ V thut ng s dng:
Bt i nhng khi nim rm t. Ch gi li nhng thut ng d hiu nh :
Trong ISO 9000:1994 a ra s lin quan ca nh thu ph, nh cung ng
v khch hng. Nay trong ISO 9000:2000 ch gi li khi nim nh cung
ng, t chc v khch hng.
+ Phin bn mi a ra cc yu cu mi:
- nh hng vo khch hng nhiu hn. Ly khch hng lm mc

tiu chnh phc v.
- Cc mc tiu cn t trong qu trnh sn xut phi c th ho,
phi o lng c v l yu cu c lp so vi iu kin sn xut.
- Tp trung vo phn tch d liu thnh cng cng nh cha thnh
cng, phn tch d liu o kim c v c gii php ci tin lin tc
quy trnh sn xut.
- nh gi cao cht lng lao ng, cao vai tr o to lc lng
cng nhn v k s.
Cc yu cu c th vi 4 nhm chnh trong t chc sn xut theo

ISO 9000 :2000
Trch nhim ca lnh o doanh nghip :
+ Thit lp chnh sch cht lng ph hp vi mc tiu sn xut cho tng

thi k, cho tng mt hng. Truyn t cho mi thnh vin trong doanh
nghip nm vng chnh sch ny. Chnh sch ny phi phn nh c
yu cu ca khch hng v s p ng cc yu cu ny trong sn phm
c ch to ra ca doanh nghip.
+ Mc tiu cht lng cn t phi o lng c v mc tiu ny phi ph
hp vi chnh sch cht lng ra v phi c tnh kh thi. Lnh o
cn cam kt thc thi cc gii php bo m cht lng v s ci tin cht l-
ng lin tc nhm nng cao s tho mn cc yu cu ca khch hng.
+ Trong vic lp k hoch bo m cht lng phi thc hin vic ci tin
lin tc h thng qun l cht lng.
+ Lnh o doanh nghip phi t chc cc hnh thc trao i thng tin
trong h thng qun l cht lng, nng cao hiu qu sn xut . Mi b
phn tham gia sn xut v iu hnh trong t chc sn xut phi bnh
ng, hnh ng nht tr vi lng ham mun ci thin iu kin sn
xut nng cao cht lng sn phm, tho mn khch hng n mc
ti a.
Qun l ngun lc
+ Ngi tham gia lao ng phi ham mun lao ng c cht lng, tho
mn cc yu cu ca khch hng.
+ Ngi lao ng phi c trnh , nng lc to ra sn phm ng
yu cu ca mc tiu sn xut. Phi s dng thnh tho cng c lao ng.
+ Phi c cung cp v s lng lao ng trong dy chuyn sn xut.
+ Ngi lao ng phi c cung ng y cc iu kin vt cht
sn xut.
+ Ngi lao ng phi tn dng mi trng lao ng, to ra mi trng tt
nht nng cao nng sut lao ng
Qu trnh hnh thnh sn phm
+ Phi phn tch cc yu cu ca khch hng thnh nhng tiu ch c

th, o lng c. Cc yu cu ca khch hng bao gm cc yu cu v
cht lng sn phm, iu kin bao gi sn phm, iu kin giao hng.
Th d trong xy dng th iu kin thi cng, c yu cu va xy
dng, va khai thc cng trnh hay khng, iu kin chm sc cng
trnh trong thi hn bo hnh...
+ S tham gia ca khch hng trong qu trtnh sn xut nh qu trnh
nghim thu trung gian, cc phng n s l khi sn phm khng t yu
cu cht lng.
+ S tham gia ca ngi t vn gim st trong qu trnh thi cng, cc quyt
nh trong sn xut xy dng, vai tr ca bn kim nh cht lng.
Kim tra, o lng, phn tch v ci tin
+ Nhim v thu thp d liu, cung ng d liu phc v kim tra.

+ Tham gia phn tch d liu nhm c nhn nh khch quan nht v
tnh trng cht lng sn phm.
+ To iu kin cho cc n v kim tra cht lng hon thnh nhim v
ca mnh cung cp tnh trng cht lng mt cch khch quan nht.
+ Vic kim tra phi c thc hin mi cng on ca sn xut, mi
thi im cn thit v bng mi phng php o kim.
+ C gii php ci tin phng php sn xut , t chc lao ng, iu
kin lao ng khc phc nhng sai st xy ra v c kh nng
xy ra.
- Nhng iu lu khi thc hin tiu chun ISO 9000: 2000 cho
sn xut xy dng:
+ Cn t chc p dng tiu chun ISO 9000:2000 cho mi loi hnh

doanh nghip tham gia trong ton b cng nghip sn xut xy dng.
Phi thc hin tiu chun ny cho t khu kho st, t vn, thit k, thi
cng xy lp, sn xut vt liu v cc doanh nghip thuc ngnh xy
dng khc.
+ Cn thy rng thc hin tiu chun ISO 9000:2000 l nhim v hng
u ca cng tc qun l xy dng. Ch c thc hin tiu chun ISO
9000 mi mang li hiu qu sn xut xy dng.
Cn xy dng nhn thc ng n v vai tr ca qun l s dng cng
c ISO 9000:2000 . Vic s dng bin php ISO 9000 khng g b m l
phng php cng tc, phng php t chc theo cng nghip ho.
Thc thi tiu chun ISO 9000:2000 i hi th tc iu hnh, thao tc
chnh xc. Thc thi tiu chun ISO 9000:2000 l ghp t chc trong s
nht qun, trong s hnh ng theo k lut nghim ngt.
Th tc v h s phc v cho qun l cht lng theo ISO 9000:2000 rt
cht ch. iu ny i hi s kin nh v quyt tm , khng c
hin tng nh trng b di hay d lm, kh b, hoc u voi, ui
chut. Cn chng thi quen xu xoa , gia nh ch ngha trong iu
hnh, qun l doanh nghip.
+ Kin tr thc hin cc bc ca tiu chun ISO 9000:2000. Thc t mi
trng kinh doanh xy dng c bn nc ta c nhiu bin ng, kh khn.
Thi quen lm n lum thum, gia nh ch ngha, hoc ngc li, hch
dch, quan liu l nhng tr ngi cho vic p dng tiu chun ISO
9000:2000. Khi lm quen vi ISO 9000, s hot ng ca doanh nghip
i vo nn np , mi hot ng tr nn chnh quy, ngn np.
+ Thc thi ISO 9000, nhng bin ng do cc c im ca sn phm
xy dng nh sn xut phi l trong mi trng t nhin ca thin nhin,
dn tri trn din tch ln, thi gian sn xut ko di, a dng v phc
hp b hn ch. T chc sn xut theo ISO 9000 l phng thc t chc
ca cng nghip ho, hin i.

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Chuyn 2: Nghip v gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh (8 tit)

1. Ni dung gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh:

6. Ngi gim st phi bm vo nhim v gim st cht lng, gim st khi

gim st khi lng, ngi gim st phi cn c vo bn v thit k thi

kim tra tin thi cng, cn cn c vo tin thi cng nh thu

Trng hp y nhanh tin xy dng em li hiu qu cao hn cho d n th nh

Gim st an ton lao ng tin hnh thng xuyn v theo chu k. u

Nu qu trnh sn xut c kh nng gy nc bn, bn hay bi, phi yu

7. Ch u t xy dng cng trnh phi thu t vn gim st hoc t

1.2 Yu cu ca vic gim st thi cng xy dng cng trnh

1.3. Quyn v ngha v ca ch u t xy dng cng trnh

1.4. Quyn v ngha v ca nh thu gim st thi cng xy dng

Nu cng trnh khng t t chc gim st m phi thu n v t vn

2. T chc cng tc gim st thi cng xy dng trn cng trng

Cn c t chc gim st thi cng xy dng trn cng trng l bn

2.1. Gim st trong giai on chun b thc hin d n :

b) Kim tra s ph hp nng lc ca nh thu thi cng xy dng cng

2.2 Kim tra trong giai on xy dng cng trnh

Hng ngy ngi k s gim st phi c mt ti hin trng.

3. Quy trnh, phng php v bin php kim tra, gim st

chng nhn iu kin m bo an ton chu lc, ch u t phi

a). La chn t chc thc hin chng nhn iu kin m bo an

4. Kim tra iu kin khi cng xy dng cng trnh

Cng trnh xy dng ch c khi cng khi p ng cc iu kin sau y nn cn phi

Nu khng tun th nghim tc iu kin khi cng s b pht theo

1. Pht tin t 500.000 ng n 2.000.000 ng i vi ch u t khng thng bo ngy

2. Pht tin t 15.000.000 ng n 20.000.000 ng i vi ch u t khi cng xy dng

4. Ngoi hnh thc x pht quy nh ti khon 1, khon 2 v khon 3 iu ny, ch u t c

5. Kim tra s ph hp nng lc ca nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh vi h s

Theo cc iu khon ca Lut Xy dng quy nh v iu kin nng

V iu kin nng lc ca t chc, c nhn

7. Cc d n s dng vn ngn sch nh nc, vn tn dng do nh nc bo lnh, vn tn

chng minh nng lc hnh ngh phi c chng ch hnh ngh

iu kin cp chng ch hnh ngh k s

iu kin nng lc ca ch nhim lp d n

1. Nng lc ca Ch nhim lp d n c phn thnh 2 hng theo loi cng trnh. Ch

b) Hng 2: c thi gian lin tc lm cng tc lp d n ti thiu 5 nm, l ch nhim lp 1

2. Phm vi hot ng:

a) Hng 1: c lm ch nhim lp d n i vi d n quan trng quc gia, d n nhm A,

b) Hng 2: c lm ch nhim lp d n i vi d n nhm B, C cng loi;

c) i vi c nhn cha xp hng c lm ch nhim lp Bo co kinh t - k thut xy

iu kin nng lc ca t chc t vn khi lp d n

1. Nng lc ca t chc t vn lp d n c phn thnh 2 hng theo loi d n nh sau:

a) Hng 1: c t nht 20 ngi l kin trc s, k s, k s kinh t ph hp vi yu cu ca

b) Hng 2: c t nht 10 ngi l kin trc s, k s, k s kinh t ph hp vi yu cu ca

2. Phm vi hot ng:

a) Hng 1: c lp d n quan trng quc gia, d n nhm A, B, C cng loi;

b) Hng 2: c lp d n nhm B, C cng loi;

c) i vi t chc cha iu kin xp hng ch c lp Bo co kinh t - k

iu kin nng lc ca Gim c t vn qun l d n

a) Gim c t vn qun l d n hng 1:

b) Gim c t vn qun l d n hng 2: c thi gian lin tc lm cng tc thit k, thi

2. Trng hp ch u t thnh lp Ban Qun l d n th Gim c qun l d n phi

iu kin nng lc ca t chc t vn khi lm t vn qun l d n

iu kin nng lc ca ch nhim kho st xy dng

iu kin nng lc ca t chc t vn khi kho st xy dng

iu kin nng lc ca ch nhim thit k xy dng cng trnh

iu kin nng lc ca ch tr thit k xy dng cng trnh

iu kin nng lc ca t chc t vn khi thit k xy dng cng trnh

iu kin nng lc ca ch huy trng cng trng

Quyn v ngha v ca c nhn c cp chng ch hnh ngh

iu kin nng lc ca c nhn, t chc nc ngoi hot ng xy dng ti Vit Nam

Vt t, vt liu, cu kin, bn thnh phm v thit b trc khi a vo thi

1. B tng nng thng thng (mc C10-40)