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HAY V KH
Tp 1: HA V C
5/14/2013
GSTT GROUP
Tuyn tp 100 bi tp ha hay v kh tp 1
LI NI U
Cc em thn mn,
Th l ch cn 1,5 thng na k thi i hc s chnh thc din ra. y l mt trong nhng giai on v cng
kh khn i vi cc em. Cc anh ch GSTT cng ang chun b n thi cui k. Tuy nhin so vi cc em, s
cng thng v p lc s khng th bng c. Giai on ny, chng ta cn phi cht chiu trit thi gian
c th tp trung nhiu nht cho vic hc. Vy nn, gip cc em c th chun b tt nht cho k thi quan
trng ca cuc i ny, anh ch s ln k hoch gip cc em tit kim thi gian trong vic lc cc bi tp hay
v kh rn gia thm. Vic tip cn vi nhng bi tp ny s gip cc em c s nhanh nhy trong x l cc
bi tp phc tp. Chui tuyn tp bi tp hay v kh bao gm cc ti liu sau:
1. Tuyn tp 100 bi tp ha hay v kh (2 tp) ( ra mt tp 1- v c)
2. Tuyn tp 200 cu hi l thuyt ha hay v kh (2 tp) (d kin ra mt 20/05)
3. Tuyn tp 500 bi ton in hnh trong thi i hc (10 tp) (d kin ra mt tp 1,2 25/05)
4. Tuyn tp 123 bi tp vt l hay v kh (d kin ra mt 16/05)
Do bin son trong thi gian gp rt nn khng th trnh khi sai st. Mong cc em thng cm v gi nhng
gp v cho anh ch qua hm th: gstt.vn@gmail.com. Ngoi ra, nhng vn lin quan ti kin thc cc em
c th gi ln h thng website v fan page ca GSTT GROUP. Anh ch s c gng tr li mi thc mc ca
cc em. C th nh sau:
1. Website: http://gstt.vn/diendan/forum.php
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Anh ch mong rng, cht vic lm nho nh ny s gip cc em c s chun b tt hn trong k thi.
Chc cc em mi iu tt p v mong sm nhn c tin vui t cc em!
Thn i,
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm Al, Fe2O3 c khi lng 21,67 gam. Tin h{nh phn ng nhit nhm hn hp X
trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Ha tan ho{n to{n hn hp cht rn sau phn ng bng dung dch
NaOH d thu c 2,016 lt H2 (ktc) v{ 12,4 gam cht rn khng tan. Hiu sut ca phn ng nhit
nhm l:
A. 80% B. 75% C. 60% D. 71,43%
Cu 2: Hn hp X gm Al, FexOy. Tin h{nh phn ng nhit nhm ho{n to{n m gam hn hp X trong iu
kin khng c khng kh thu c hn hp Y. Chia Y th{nh 2 phn.
Phn 1 cho t|c dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 1,008 lt H2 (ktc) v{ cn li 5,04g cht rn khng
tan.
Phn 2 c khi lng 29,79gam, cho t|c dng vi dung dch HNO3 lo~ng d thu c 8,064 lt NO (ktc,
l{ sn phm kh duy nht). Gi| tr ca m v{ cng thc ca oxit st l{:
A. 39,72 gam v FeO B. 39,72 gam v Fe3O4
C. 38,91 gam v FeO D. 36,48 gam v Fe3O4
Cu 3: Hp th hon ton V lt CO2 t vo l un h N OH M th thu n h Cho
t t v hu u l un h HCl M vo thu un h v lt h t Cho t
n vi C OH 2 xut hin t t nh
A. 1M. B. 1,5M. C. 0,75M. D. 2M.
Cu 4: Ha tan ho{n to{n 31,25 gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al v{ Zn trong dung dch HNO3, sau phn ng ho{n to{n
thu c dung dch Y v{ hn hp gm 0,1 mol N2O v{ 0,1 mol NO. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 157,05
gam hn hp mui. Vy s mol HNO3 ~ b kh trong phn ng trn l{:
A. 0,45 mol B. 0,5 mol C. 0,30 mol D. 0,40 mol
Cu 5: Ha tan 15,84 gam hn hp gm mt oxit kim loi kim v{ mt oxit kim loi kim th bng dung
dch HCl d c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, ly mui khan em in ph}n nng chy ho{n to{n
th thu c 6,048 lt kh (o ktc) anot v{ a (gam) hn hp kim loi catot. Gi| tr ca a l{:
A. 7,2. B. 11,52. C. 3,33. D. 13,68.
Cu 6: Chi 68 hn h p L FeO Fe3O4, Fe2O3 thnh h i phn bn nh u Cho phn th nht
t n ht vi un h HCl ui h n Phn th h i t n v vi un
h M l hn h p HCl H2SO4 lon thu 67 9 ui h n S ol HCl tron un h M l
A. 1,75 mol B. 1,50 mol C. 1,80 mol D. 1,00 mol
Cu 7: L K ho t n vi l un h HNO3 thu un h M v tho t r 6 lt
hn h p N t h v Cho th vo M un h KOH th th tho t r lt h
it rn qu tr nh h HNO3 h t o t s n ph u nht nh
A. 3,12 gam. B. 7,8 gam. C. 12,48 gam. D. 6,63 gam.
Cu 8: Cho 12,25 gam KClO3 v{o dung dch HCl c d, kh Cl2 tho|t ra cho t|c dng ht vi kim loi M
thu c 38,10 gam hn hp cht rn X. Cho X v{o dung dch AgNO3 d, thu c 118,5 gam kt ta. C|c
phn ng u xy ra ho{n to{n. Vy kim loi M l{:
A. Zn B. Mg C. Fe D. Cu
Cu 9:Cho 100ml dung dch cha NaOH 1M, KOH 1M v{ Ba(OH)21,2M v{o 100ml dung dch AlCl3 xM th
thu c 9,36 gam kt ta. Vy nu cho 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,2M v{o 100 ml dung dch AlCl3 xM th
khi lng kt ta thu c v{ gi| tr ca x l{ (bit c|c phn ng xy ra ho{n to{n)
A. 11,70 gam v 1,6. B. 9,36 gam v 2,4. C. 6,24 gam v 1,4. D. 7,80 gam v 1,0.
Cu 10: X l{ dung dch AlCl3, Y l dung dch NaOH 2M. Thm 150 ml dung dch Y v{o cc cha 100ml
dung dch X, khuy u n phn ng ho{n to{n thy trong cc c 7,8 gam kt ta. Thm tip v{o cc
100 ml dung dch Y, khuy u n phn ng ho{n to{n thy trong cc c 10,92 gam kt ta. Nng
mol/l ca dung dch X bng
GSTT GROUP SHARING THE VALUE
Tuyn tp 100 bi tp ha hay v kh tp 1
A. 3,2 M. B. 2,0 M. C. 1,6 M. D. 1,0 M.
Cu 11: Cho 8,4 gam Fe vo dung dch HNO long. Sau khi phn ng xy ra ho{n to{n thu c 2,688
lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v{ dung dch X. Khi lng Fe NO trong dung dch X l :
A. 14,52 gam B. 36,3 gam C. 16,2 gam D. 30,72 gam
Cu 12: Cho t t 100 ml dung dch HCl 1,5M vo 0,4 lt dung dch X gm N CO v KHCO thu c
1,008 lt CO (ktc) v{ dung dch Y. Thm dung dch OH d v{o dung dch Y thu c 29,55 gam
kt ta. Nng mol/lit ca N CO v KHCO trong dung dch X ln lt l
A. 0,0375 v 0,05 B. 0,2625 v 0,225 C. 0,1125 v 0,225 D.0,2625 v 0,1225
Cu 13:Nhng thanh Mg v{o dung dch cha 0,1 mol mui sunphat ca mt kim loi M, sau phn ng
ho{n to{n ly thanh Mg ra thy khi lng thanh Mg tng 4,0 gam. C bao nhiu mui tho m~n?
A. 2 B. 0 C. 3 D. 1
Cu 14: C 500 ml dung dch X cha Na+, NH , CO v SO . Ly 100 ml dung dch X t|c dng vi lng
d dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt kh. Ly 100 ml dung dch X cho t|c dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl2
thu c 43 gam kt ta. Ly 200 ml dung dch X t|c dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH thu c 8,96 lt
kh NH3. C|c phn ng ho{n to{n, c|c th tch kh u o ktc. Tnh tng khi lng mui c trong 300 ml
dung dch X ?
A. 23,8 gam. B. 86,2 gam. C. 71,4 gam. D. 119 gam.
Cu 15: Cho Cu (d) t|c dng vi dung dch Fe(NO3)3 c dung dch X. Cho AgNO3 d t|c dng vi X
c dung dch Y. Cho Fe (d) t|c dng vi Y c hn hp kim loi Z. S phng trnh phn ng xy ra
l?
A. 5. B. 6. C. 4. D. 7.
Cu 16: Hoa tan hoan toan hon hp X gom 0,11 mol Al va 0,15 mol Cu vao dung dich HNO 3 th thu c
1,568 l t (ktc) hon hp Y gom 2 kh (trong o co 1 kh khong mau hoa nau ngoai khong kh ) va dung
dich Z cha 2 muoi. Xac inh so mol HNO3 a tham gia phan ng
A. 0,63 mol. B. 0,7 mol. C. 0,77 mol. D. 0,76 mol.
Cu 17: Cho 3,76 gam hn hp X gm Mg v{ MgO c t l mol tng ng l{ 14:1 t|c dng ht vi dung
dch HNO3 th thu c 0,448 lt mt kh duy nht (o ktc) v{ dung dch Y. C cn cn thn dung dch
Y thu c 23 gam cht rn khan T. X|c nh s mol HNO3 ~ phn ng.
A. 0,28 B. 0,36 C. 0,32 D. 0,34
Cu 18: phn ng ht a mol kim loi M cn 1,25a mol H2SO4 v sinh ra kh X (sn phm kh duy
nht). Ha tan ht 19,2 gam kim loi M v{o dung dch H2SO4 to ra 4,48 lt kh X (sn phm kh duy
nht, ktc). Kim loi M l{:
A. Fe. B. Cu. C. Mg. D. Al.
Cu 19: Hn hp X gm: Fe2O3, Cr2O3, Al2O3. Cho 20,7 gam X v{o dung dch NaOH c (d), sau khi kt
thc phn ng thu c 8 gam cht rn. Mt kh|c kh ho{n to{n 20,7 gam X cn 5,4 gam Al. Khi
lng Cr2O3 trong 20,7 gam X l?
A. 11,4 gam. B. 15,2 gam. C. 7,6 gam. D. 2,28 gam.
Cu 20: Cho m gam hn hp B gm CuO, Na2O, Al2O3 ho{ tan ht v{o nc thu c 400ml dung dch D
ch cha mt cht tan duy nht c nng 0,5M v{ cht rn G ch gm mt cht. Lc t|ch G, cho lung
kh H2 d qua G nung nng thu c cht rn F. Ho{ tan ht F trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,448 lt
(ktc) hn hp kh gm NO2 v{ NO c t khi so vi oxi bng 1,0625. Bit c|c phn ng xy ra ho{n to{n.
Tnh m.
A. 18g B. 26g C. 34,8g D. 18,4g
Cu 21: in ph}n 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp CuSO4 0,1M v NaCl 0,1 M trong bnh in ph}n c
m{ng ngn vi hai in cc tr, cng dng in bng 0,5A. Sau mt thi gian, thu c dung dch
c pH=2 ( gi s th tch dung dch khng i. Thi gian ( gi}y) in ph}n v{ khi lng ( gam) Cu thu
c catot ln lt l
A. 1930 v 0,176 B. 2123 v 0,352 C. 1737 v 0,176 D. 1939 v 0,352
Cu 46: C cc bnh mt nh~n cha c|c kh sau: CO2, SO2, C2H4, C2H2, SO3. H~y cho bit c th s dng
d~y c|c thuc th n{o nhn bit c|c kh :
A. dd Na0H, dd H2SO4, dd Ca(OH)2 v AgNO3/NH3
B. dd HCl, dd Na2SO4, nc brom v{ AgNO3 /NH3
C. dd Ba(OH)2, dd Na2SO4, nc brom v AgNO3 /NH3
D. dd Ba(OH)2, dd H2SO4, nc brom v{ AgNO3 /NH3
Cu 47: Nung mt lng mui Cu NO sau mt thi gian dng li ,thy khi lng gim i 5,4gam.
Kh tho|t ra hp th ho{n to{n v{o 100ml H2O thu c dung dch X (th tch coi nh khng i). Nng
mol/l ca dd X l{:
A. 0,5mol/l B. 1mol/l C. 2 mol/l D. 0,1mol/l
Cu 48: Nung hn hp X gm m gam Al v 15,2 gam Cr O trong iu kin khng c khng kh, phn
ng ho{n to{n thu c 23,3 gam cht rn Y. Dng dung dch HCl d (khng c mt oxi) ha tan hon
ton cht rn Y to ra V lt kh ktc. Gi| tr ca V l:
A. 4,48 lt B. 3,36 lt C. 7,84 lt D. 10,08 lt
Cu 49: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v{ Fe O trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sauk hi phn
ng xy ra ho{n to{n, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X t|c dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu c dung
dch Y, cht rn Z v{ 3,36 lt kh H ( ktc). Sc kh CO (d) v{o dung dch Y, thu c 39 gam kt ta.
Gi| tr ca m l{
A. 48,3. B. 57,0. C. 45,6. D. 36,7.
Cu 50: Nh t t 3V1 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 (dung dch X) v{o V1 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 (dung dch Y)
th phn ng va v{ ta thu c kt ta ln nht l{ m gam. Nu trn V2 ml dung dch X trn v{o V1
ml dung dch Y th kt ta thu c c khi lng bng 0,9m gam. T l V2 / V1 l
A. V2 / V1 = 2,7 hoc V2 / V1 = 3,55. B. V2 / V1 = 1,7 hoc V2 / V1 = 3,75.
C. V2 / V1 = 2,5 hoc V2 / V1 = 3,25. D. V2 / V1 = 2,5 hoc V2 / V1 = 3,55.
Cu 1: |p |n B
2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe.
Mol: 2z z z 2z.
Gi x, y l s mol Al, Fe2O3 ban u v z l s mol Fe2O3 phn ng
27x + 160y = 21,67(g) (1)
Sau phn ng: Al (d): x-2z mol; y-z mol Fe2O3 v 2z mol Fe; z mol Al2O3.
n
Al
(d) = 2 n x - 2z = 0,06 (2).
3 H2
mrn = m + m (d) 160(y-z) + 56.2z = 12,4 160y - 48z = 12,4 (3).
Fe Fe2O3
T (1),(2),(3) x 7 ol
0,075
Hiu sut: H%= .100%=75% (hiu sut tnh theo Fe2O3).
0,1
Cu 2: |p |n B
Ta thy: khi phn ng nhit nhm, sn phm to thnh c cha Al (theo phn 1: Y phn ng vi
NaOH to kh) m phn ng xy ra hon ton nn Fe O ht su r Fe l v l O
+) Phn 1: Cho Y tc dng vi NaOH th Fe khng tan, Al v l O tan
l N OH H O N lO H
l O N OH N lO H O
n nn 9 ol n n n n
+) Phn 2: n 6 ol n 6 8 ol
N nn n n n tn x v n x theo b o ton ol ele tron
n n n x x x x 9 (mol)
Nn phn 2 c 9 ol l v 7 ol Fe 9 79
o n ol n 6
V n n 7 6 n n oxit s t l Fe O
Ta thy s mol Al phn 2 gp 3 ln s mol Al phn 1 nn
V 97
Cu 3: p n D
Ta c CT 2 mui sunfat l: M 2SO4 V NSO4
12
N XSO = NSO2- trong mu = NBaSO4 = 0,1 mol M XSO = 120
4 4 4
0,1
M l Na
TH 2: Chn M < 12 th N bt buc > 24 . M M < 12 th ch c th l Li
GSTT GROUP SHARING THE VALUE
Tuyn tp 100 bi tp ha hay v kh tp 1
N l Mg (loi) v MMg = 24
V n n 8 ol
M
o x 9667 9 v x 8 x 8
Cu 7: |p |n D
Gi x v y ln lt s mol K phn ng vi HNO3 .v H 2 O . K phn ng vi HNO3 to sn phm
kh duy nht l{ NH4 NO3 v hn hp kh N gm 2 kh: NH3 v H 2 . PTHH:
8K +10HNO3 8KNO3 + NH 4 NO3 + 3H 2 O.
x x/8
1
K + H 2 O KOH + H 2
2 KOH + NH 4 NO3 KNO3 + NH3 + H 2 O
y y y y
y
2
V khi cho thm vo M dung dch KOH d th thy thot ra 0,01 mol NH3 trong M c NH4 NO3
KOH + NH 4 NO3 KNO3 + NH3 + H 2 O
:
0, 01 0, 01
y 0,336
S mol hn hp kh N l : y + = = 0, 015mol y = 0, 01mol .
2 22, 4
n NH4 NO3 sinh ra do K phn ng vi HNO3 l : 6mol.
6 9 66
Cu 8: |p |n C
KClO3 + 6HCl KCl + 3Cl2 + H2O
GSTT GROUP SHARING THE VALUE
Tuyn tp 100 bi tp ha hay v kh tp 1
Mol: 0,1 0,3
M tc dng vi Cl to ra hn hp X nn X gm mui (ha tr cao nht) ca MX v kim loi M d.
n ol n 6 ol 86
Suy ra kt ta cha Ag, n ol
n n n 9 ol
68 6
8 68 n M M n n M 6 Fe
9
Cu 9: |p |n C
1
n = 0,12(mol) . V n
< n - nn kt ta b ha tan mt phn.
Al(OH)3 3 OH Al(OH)3
p dng cng thc tnh nhanh: n - = 4n 3+ - n Al(OH) 0,44 = 0,4x- 0,12 x = 0,4(M)
OH Al 3
+) 0,2 (lt) X + NaOH 0,4 mol NH3 n NH+ = 0, 4(mol) trong 0,1(lt) X c n NH+ = 0, 2(mol)
4 4
Ag + + Fe2+ Fe3+ + Ag 2 + 3+ 2+
Trong Y c Ag ; Fe ;Cu .
Fe + 2Fe3+ 3Fe2+ 3 Fe + Cu 2+ Fe2+ + Cu 4 Fe + 2Ag + Fe2+ + 2Ag 5
C tt c 5 phng trnh phn ng xy ra.
+ 2+
Ch : Ag c tnh oxi ho mnh hn Fe nn Ag c th oxi ho c Fe thnh Fe nn ta c phn
3+ 3+
ng
2 xy ra.
Cu 16: |p |n D
1,568
S mol hn hp kh Y l{ : = 0, 07mol . Qu| trnh nhng e :
22, 4
Al0 - 3e Al3+ ; Cu 0 - 2e Cu 2+ .
GSTT GROUP SHARING THE VALUE
Tuyn tp 100 bi tp ha hay v kh tp 1
0,11 0,33 0,15 0,3
Tng s mol e nhng l{: 0.3 + 0,33= 0,63 mol.
p dng nh lut b{o to{n e: tng s mol e nhng = tng s mol e nhn n 6 ol Hn
hp kh Y c kh ho| n}u trong khng kh chnh l{ kh NO. S mol e nhn trung bnh ca hn hp kh
0.63
Y l : =9 e. M{ Y c kh NO nhn 3e th Y phi c kh nhn nhiu hn 9e chnh l{ kh N 2 . Qu
0, 07
trnh nhn e l:
N+5 - 3e N+2 ; 2N+5 -10e N02
3a a 10b b.
Gi s mol kh NO v{ N 2 ln lt l{ a ,b
a + b = 0, 07 a = 0, 01mol
Ta c h PT:
3a +10b = 0, 63 b = 0, 06mol
p dng LBT nguyn t N. Ta c s mol HNO3 phn ng l:
3n Al + 2n Cu + n NO + 2n N2 = 0,63 + 0,01+ 0,12 = 0,76 mol.
Cu 17: |p n B
n Mg = 0,14(mol);n MgO = 0,01(mol) => n Mg(NO3 )2 = 0,15(mol) mMg(NO3 )2 = 22, 2(g)
M{ khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng = 23 (g)
c mui NH4NO3 mNH4 NO3 = 0,8(g) n NH4 NO3 = 0,01(mol)
Gi s e nhn to ra 1 ph}n t kh l{ x:
Bo to{n electron ta c: 2n Mg = 8n NH4 NO3 + x.n - 2.0,14 = 8.0,01+ 0,02.x x = 10
Kh to th{nh l{ N2
Bo to{n nguyn t N ta c: n HNO3 = 2n N2 + 2n Mg(NO3 )2 + 2n NH4 NO3 = 0,36(mol)
Ch : Vi cc bi ton cho kim loi c tnh kh mnh nh Mg, Al, Zn tc dng vi HNO3 ta cn ch
xem c to thnh mui NH4NO3 hay khng.
Cu 18: |p |n C
Phn ng vi a (mol) kim loi cn 1,25a (mol) H2SO4 }y l{ phn ng vi H2SO4 c nng v
nu kim loi phn ng vi H bnh thng th s mol H2SO4 ch c th bng 1 hoc 1,5 ln s mol
kim loi (C|c cht trong |p |n) Kh X l SO2 hoc H2S
Gi s mol e nhng ca 1 nguyn t kim loi l{ x; kim loi l M mui to th{nh sau phn ng
l M2(SO4)x
TH1: X l SO2
x
o ton e t xn n n
Bo to{n nguyn t S ta c:
a x.a
n H2SO4 = x.n M2 (SO4 )x + nSO2 1, 25a = x. + x = 1, 25 (loi)
2 2
x.a xa x.a
TH2: X l H2S. L{m tng t ta c: n H2S = 1, 25a = + x = 2 (tha m~n)
8 2 8
Khi ho 9 i lo i vo H SO n n 8 M
Ch : Khi ta tm ra kh l H2S v kim loi l Mg l ng vi kin thc l thuyt. ra sn phm kh
l H2S, kim lai phi c tnh kh mnh. Cc kim loi trung bnh, yu ch ra sn phm l SO2
Cu 19: p n C
Cu 29: |p |n C
n ol. n H+ = 0,01mol
TH 1: khi chun dung dch HCl bng 99,99 ml dung dch NaOH: n NaOH = 0,09999 0,1 = 9,999 103
S mol HCl d sau khi phn ng l: 0,01 - 9,999 103 = 1106 mol.
1106
pH ca dung dch thu c l : - Log 5,3.
0,1 0, 099
TH 2: Khi chun dung dch HCl bng 100,1ml dung dch NaOH. Suy ra: n NaOH = 0,1001 0,1=
0,01001 mol.
Pthh: NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2 O
Ch : Ring vi Fe th Fe3+ b kh trc tin s to ra Fe2+ .nhng v tnh oxh ca Cu 2+ > Fe2+ nn Cu 2+
s b kh trc.
Cu 31: |p |n B
GSTT GROUP SHARING THE VALUE
Tuyn tp 100 bi tp ha hay v kh tp 1
S phn ng:
Fe3O4 + 4CO 3Fe + 4CO2 (1)
0,1 0,4
Hn hp kh thu c sau phn ng gm c CO2 v{ kh CO. Gi t l s mol ca CO2
44a + 28b
v CO l a: b. Theo gt: = 1, 457. 28 = 40,8 a : b = 4 : 1. S mol ca CO2 trong hn hp
a+b
4
kh l : 0,5 0, 4 mol. T 1 khi lng Fe3 O4 l : 0,1 232 = 23,2g.
5
Cu 32: |p |n C
Cho cc kim loi vo HNO to ra X l hn hp cc mui nitrat. Cho X tc dng vi NaOH d, v Al
v Zn l kim loi c tnh cht lng tnh nn to N lO v N nO n n c 5 hiroxit trong Y. Y
tc dng vi NH d th Cu OH v Ni OH OH t o phc tan, ch cn M OH v Fe OH
Cu 33: |p |n D
CaCO3 + 2HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2
x x
3FeCO3 + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 3CO2 + 5H2O
y y/3 y
Hn hp kh cha x ol CO v ol NO
Theo bi ra ta c:
y
44(x+ y) + 30.
3 = 2.20, 6 y = 3 x % n y 3x
= = = 75%
y FeCO3 x+ y x+ 3 x
x+ y+
3
Cu 34: |p |n B
l Fe O l O xFe
Y + NaOH cho H2 suy ra Y cha Al d, Fe, v{ Al2O3 (v phn ng xy ra hon ton)
Y + NaOH: 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 ; Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O
heo ph n tr nh h h n n ol
Dung dch Z gm NaOH d v{ NaAlO2
Dung dch Z + CO2: NaAlO2 + CO2 + H2O Al(OH)3 + NaHCO3.
2Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3H2O (2)
n n n ol 9 66 7 6 96
Da v{o c|c phng |n tr li ta c |p |n B tha mn
Ch : tm oxit st ta lm nh sau:
( )
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng : 9 .
9
Cu 35: |p |n B
n v n 7
1
n H2SO4 = n H+ = 0, 4 mol a = 0, 4 / 2 = 0, 2M.
2
Cu 38: |p |n C
n 7 Cu h n ph n n vi H SO n n 7
8
n
Cho phn 2 vo dung dch NO vi n
Fe NO Fe NO
Cu NO Cu NO
Ta thy n n n n n x r ph n n
Fe NO NO Fe NO
V n n 7 n n nn 7
o n 7
Cu 39: |p |n B
loi b ht cc ion Ca 2+ ;Mg 2+ ;Ba 2+ ;H+ ra khi dung dch th phi dng dung dch K 2 CO3 . V khi
Cu 40: |p |n D
CO O lO
{
Fe OH Fe O OH
l OH l O Fe O Fe
CuO CuO C { CuO { Cu
{ M CO {M O { M O M O
Cu 41: |p |n C
n b
i {n b { {
8 b 7 b 8
Xt c}n bng N H NH
Mol ban u 8
Mol phn ng x x x
Mol c}n bng x 8 x x
p n x
o 8 x V H
p n
Cu 42: |p |n A
Chn 1 mol hn hp kh NO v N O
n b
i {n b { {
b 9 b 6
n 8n
heo nh lu t b o ton ol ele tron n
p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t cho nit c: n n n 6
Vy t l s phn t b kh v b oxi ha trong phn ng l: n n 6 8
Cu 43: |p |n A
NO NO O
NO O H O HNO
HNO NO NO H O
Ch n n th n n n
Cu 44: |p |n D
n 6 ol n ol
H h n hi u l OH h b h t n n n ol
n 6 ol
N th l OH b h t n
GSTT GROUP SHARING THE VALUE
Tuyn tp 100 bi tp ha hay v kh tp 1
n 8n n n ol h n th n
H l OH b t n t phn ph n n
n x 8x 6
i {n n { { 88
8x x
Cu 45: |p |n D
Ta c: n n TH1 Al cha tan ht.
Gi x, y l{ s mol Ba v{ Al c trong m (g) hn hp.
+TH1: X + H2O.
Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2 2Al + Ba(OH)2 + H2O Ba(AlO2)2 + 3H2
Mol: x x x x 3x
8 96
n x x ol
+TH2: X + Ba(OH)2 d.
Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2 2Al + Ba(OH)2 + H2O Ba(AlO2)2 + 3H2
Mol: x x y 1,5y
n x ol 6 ol
Vy: 6 7 7 9 9(g).
Cu 46: |p |n D
CO2 SO2 C2H4 C2H2 SO3
Kt ta
Ba(OH)2 Kt ta trng - - Kt ta trng
trng
H2SO4 (cho
Kt ta khng
v{o kt ta Kt ta tan Kt ta tan
tan
bn trn)
Nc brom - Mt m{u Mt m{u Mt m{u
AgNO3/NH3 Kt ta v{ng
Cu 47: |p |n B
2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
Mol: 4x x
Khi lng cht rn gim bng khi lng kh sinh ra:
Suy ra : 6 x x V x ol
Hp th hn hp kh v{o nc: 4NO2 + O2 +2H2O 4HNO3
Mol: 0,1 0,1
0,1
Vy [HNO3]= = 1 (M) .
0,1
Cu 48: |p |n C
Bo to{n khi lng ta c
mX = mY m = 23,3-15,2= 8,1(g) n Al = 0,3(mol);nCr2O3 = 0,1 (mol) 2Al+Cr2O3 Al2O3 +2Cr
Do Al d. Y gm 0,1 mol Al; 0,1 mol Al2O3 v 0,2 mol Cr.
3
Vy nH2 = n Al +nCr = 0,35(mol) V = 7,84 (l)
2
Cu 49: |p |n A
l l O
N lO
{ { Fe Fe { ol l OH
Fe O N OH
l
Ht ---