Mt s cu peptit cn ch Phm ng Hp THPT Cm Thy 1

Cu 9 : Hn hp A gm ba peptit mch h c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 1 : 2. Thy phn

hon
ton m gam A thu c hn hp sn phm gm 52,5 gam Glyxin v 71,2 gam Alanin. Bit s
lin kt peptit trong phn t X nhiu hn trong Z v tng s lin kt peptit trong ba phn t X,
Y, Z nh hn 10. Gi tr ca m l
A. 96,7. B. 101,74. C. 100,3. D. 103,9.
Gii: ta c ngly = 0,7 mol, nala = 0,8 mol => t l ngly : nala = 7 : 8 vy vi t l mol 1 : 1 : 2
th c tn 7+8 =15 gc gly v ala
- Gi s gc aa ln lt l a, b, c v s mol tng ng l x : x : 2x => a + b + 2c = 15
- BT nit ta c ax + bx + 2cx = 0,15 mol => x = 0,1 mol
- A + (a-1) H2O -> aa B + (b-1) H2O -> aa C + (c-1) H2O -> aa
- nH2O = x(a-1) + x(b-1) + 2x(c-1) => nH2O = ax + bx + 2cx - 4x = 1,1 mol
BTKl: m = 52,5 + 71,2 1,1. 18 = 103,9
y l cch hay nht d hiu nht cho loi bi peptit ny
Cu 1 : Hn hp A gm ba peptit mch h X, Y, Z c t l mol tng ng l 2 : 3 : 4. Thy
phn hon
ton m gam A thu c hn hp sn phm gm 21,75 gam Glyxin v 16,02 gam Alanin. Bit
s lin
ktpeptit trong phn t X nhiu hn trong Z v tng s lin kt peptit trong ba phn t X, Y, Z
nh hn
17. Gi tr ca m l
A. 30,93. B. 30,57. C. 30,21. D. 31,29.
Tng t ging cu 9 trn
Gii: ta c ngly = 0,29 mol, nala = 0,18 mol => t l ngly : nala = 29 : 18 vy vi t l mol 2 :
3 : 4 th c tn 29+18 =47 gc gly v ala
- Gi s gc aa ln lt l a, b, c v s mol tng ng l 2x : 3x : 4x => 2a + 3b + 4c =
47
- BT nit ta c 2ax + 3bx + 4cx = 0,47 mol => x = 0,01 mol
- A + (a-1) H2O -> aa B + (b-1) H2O -> aa C + (c-1) H2O -> aa
- nH2O = 2x(a-1) + 3x(b-1) + 4x(c-1) => nH2O = 2ax + 3bx + 4cx - 9x = 0,38 mol
BTKl: m = 21,75 + 16,02 0,38. 18 = 30,93
Cu 2: un nng 0,4 mol hn hp E gm ipeptit X, tripeptit Y v tetrapeptit Z u mch h
bng lng va dung dch NaOH, thu c dung dch cha 0,5 mol mui ca glyxin v
0,4 mol mui ca alanin v 0,2 mol mui ca valin. Mt khc t chy m gam E trong O2
va thu c hn hp CO2, H2O v N2, trong tng khi lng ca CO2 v nc l
78,28 gam. Gi tr m gn nht vi
A. 50. B. 40. C. 45. D. 35.
X +NaOH -> aa-Na + H2O Y +2NaOH -> aa-Na + H2O Z +3NaOH ->
aa-Na + H2O
nH2O = nE = 0,4 mol
Theo BT Na => nNaOH = 0,5+0,4+0,2 = 1,1 mol
BTKL mE + 40. 1,1 = 0,5 . 97 + 0,4 . 111 + 0,2 . 139 + 0,4. 18 => mE = 83,9gam
BT C => nC(E) = nC(mui) = 2. 0,4 + 0,4. 3 + 5. 0,2 = 3,2 mol => C trung bnh trong E = 8
BT H => nH(E) + nNaOH = 4. 0,5 + 6. 0,4 + 10. 0,2 + 0,4. 2 => nH = 6,1 mol => H trung bnh
trong E = 15,25
t m gam E E + O2 8CO2 + 15,25/2H2O
a mol 8a mol 7,625a mol
=> 44. 8a + 18. 7,625a = 78,28 => a = 0,16 mol
Vy quy i 0,4 mol E c khi lng 83,9 gam
=> 0,16 mol E c khi lng m = 33,56 gam gn bng 35 gam
Cu 3: Cho hn hp A cha hai peptit X v Y to bi cc amino axit no mch h, phn t cha
1 nhm -COOH, 1 nhm -NH2 ,bit rng tng s nguyn t O trong 2 phn t X, Y l 13.
Trong X hoc Y u c s lin kt peptit khng nh hn 4. un nng 0,7 mol A trong KOH th
thy 3,9 mol KOH phn ng v thu c m gam mui. Mt khc t chyhon ton 66,075
gam A ri cho sn phm hp th vo bnh cha Ca(OH) 2 d thy khi lng bnh tng 147,825
gam. Gi tr ca m l A. 490,6 B. 560,1 C. 470,1 D. 520,2
Nu X c a gc aa Y c b gc aa ta c tng oxi l a + b + 2 = 13 a + b = 11 trong a,b >4
=> a = 5 b = 6
X + 5KOH mui + H2O Y + 6KOH mui + H2O
x mol 5x y mol 6y
x + y = 0,7, 5x + 6y = 3,9 => x = 0,3, y = 0,4 => nX : nY = 3:4
Khi t 66,075 gam A s mol X, Y l z : t = 3 : 4 (1)
Gi cng thc ca X,Y khi t l
Nu aa l CnH2n+1O2N => X c cng thc l (CnH2n+1O2N)5-4H2O C5nH10n-3O6N5
lm gn li thnh CnH2n-3O6N5 (z mol)
Tng t vi Y c cng thc l CmH2m-4O7N6 (t mol)
14nz + 163z + 14mt + 192t = 66,075 (2)
mCo2+mH2O: 44(nz + mt) + 9(2n-3)z + 18t(m-2) = 147,825 (3)
Gii h Pt 3 n vi 1 n ghp l nz + mt, z , t t tnh ton tip ra kt qu (cc em gii tip)
Cu 4: Hn hp M gm mt peptit mch h X v mt peptit mch h Y (mi peptit u c
cu to t mt loi -aminoaxit, tng s lin kt peptit trong 2 phn t X, Y l 5) vi t l mol
l 1 : 3. Khi thy phn m gam hn hp M thu c 81 gam Glyxin v 42,72 gam Alanin. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 104,28. B. 116,28. C. 109,50. D. 110,28.
Loi ny d hn cu 1,2,3
Ta c n gly = 1,08 mol, nala = 0,48 mol => gly:ala = 9:4 +> theo t l mol 1:3 th c tng s
gc aa l 9+4 = 13
Nu s gc aa trong X, Y ln lt l a, b => S lin kt peptit l a +b -2 = 5 => a+b=7
V theo t l 1:3 => a + 3b = 13 => a = 4, b = 3 nX : nY = x : 3x mol
X + 3H2O aa Y + 2H2O aa
x 3x 3x 6x
BT nito: 4x + 3x.3 = 1,08 + 0,48 => x = 0,12 mol
BTKL m(X,Y) + 18. 9.0,12 = 42,72 + 81 => m = 104,28
Nhn xt v c bn cch gii ging bi 9, 1,2 nhng y ta d ng tm c s gc aa
c trong X, Y khi da vo s lin kt peptit v s gc khi ly 1 X v 3Y =13 so vi cc
cch gii khc trn mng th d hiu hn rt nhiu
Cu 5: Ngi ta thy phn 15,26 gam hn hp X gm 3 peptit c s mol bng nhau, c to
bi ala, gly, Val trong dung dch NaOH d th thy c 0,18 mol NaOH phn ng ng thi
dung dch sau phn ng cha m gam mui. Mt khc t chy hon ton lng X trn ri cho
sn phm hp th vo bnh cha Ba(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh tng 39,14 gam. Bit cc
phn ng xay ra hon ton gi tr ca m
V sp l ala, gly, Val nn ta c th gi cng thc chung ccs peptit l H[NH-CnH2n-CO]mOH
X + mNaOH Mui + H2O
0,18/m 0,18
 t X + o2 - (mn+m)Co2 + (2nm +m +2)/2H2O
0,18/m 0,18(n+1) mol (2nm +m +2) 0,09/m mol
Da vo khi lng ban u v tng khi lng CO2 + H2O cc em lp c h PT vi n
ghp ging bi tp 3 t ta tm c m v n u l nhng gi tr trung bnh
Hoc cc em sau khi lp c 2 PT ri ly mX/m(Co2+H2O) ta s rt gn mt gi tr m gi ra
cng thun li
Cu 6: Thy phn hon ton m gam hn hp A gm peptit X v peptit Y (c trn theo t l
4:1) thu c 30 gam glyxin; 71,2 gam alanin v 70,2 gam valin. Bit tng s lin kt peptit c
trong 2 phn t X v Y l 7. Gi tr nh nht ca m c th l? m=148
Bi ny gii tng t ging bi s 4 nhng c iu cn ch l gly: ala : Val = 0,4 : 0,8 :
0,6
Nu a v t l rt gon 2:4:3 => tng s gc l 9 th s c iu v l
X c a gc aa, Y c b gc aa
Ta c a + b -2 = 7
Theo t l mol 4: 1 => 4a + b = 9 => V l
Vy bi ny t l gly: ala : Val = 0,4 : 0,8 : 0,6 = 4:8:6 => tng gc = 18(theo t l 4:1)
=> 4a + b = 18 => tnh c a v b lc gii quy bi ton c bn
Cu 7: Thy phn hon ton 0.09 mol hn hp X gm Tripeptit, tetapeptit, pentapetit vi dung
dch NaOH va thu c 16.49 gam mui ca Glyxyl, 17.76 gam mui ca Alanin v 6.95
gam mui ca Valin. Nu t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X th thu c CO 2, H2O v N2
trong tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O l 46.5 gam. Gi tr gn ng ca m l:
X l ging bi s 2
Cu 8: Hn hp X gm peptit A mch h c cng thc CxHyN5O6 v hp cht B c cng thc
phn t l C4H9NO2. Ly 0,09 mol X tc dng va vi 0,21 mol NaOH ch thu c sn
phm l dung dch gm ancol etylic v a mol mui ca glyxin, b mol mui ca alanin. Nu t
chy hon ton 41,325 gam hn hp X bng lng oxi va th thu c N2 v 96,975 gam
hn hp CO2 v H2O. Gi tr a : b gn nht vi
A. 0,50. B. 0,76. C. 1,30. D. 2,60.
Sau khi tm ra t l mol khi tc dng vi KOH phn t chy x l ging phn t chy
cu 3 lun c h 2 PT 3 n v lun c 1 n ghp ( y l iu lun xy ra vi loi peptit
ny v n kh phc tp cc em cn ch kin tr, cn thn, ng ngi v ng b loi bi
ny khi bit cch gii
Cu 10: Hn hp X gm Ala-Ala, Ala-Gly-Ala, Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly v Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-Gly.
t 26,26 gam hn hp X cn va 25,872 lt O 2(ktc). Cho 0,25 mol hn hp X tc dng
vi dung dch KOH va th thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l: A. 25,08.
B. 99,15. C. 54,62. D. 114,35.
p n: D
CTPT ca tng peptit ln lt l: C6H12O3N2; C8H15O4N3; C10H18O5N4; C12H21O6N5
Gi CTTQ ca X l C2x+2H3x+6Ox+1Nx
C2x+2H3x+6Ox+1Nx + (2,25x + 3)O2 (2x + 2)CO2 + (1,5x + 3) H2O + x/2 N2
1,155 mol
1,155.(57x + 46)/(2,25x + 3) = 26,26 x = 3,8
X + 3,8 KOH Mui + H2O
m = 0,25. 262,6 + 0,25.3,8.56 0,25.18 = 114,35 gam
Cn ch cng thc tng qut C2x+2H3x+6Ox+1Nx ch ng cho dy cht peptit lp thnh
mt cp s cng vi cng sai l 57 cc trng hp khc p dng cng thc ny c th s
sai i cc em cn ch
Cu 42: Thu phn khng hon ton m gam hexapeptit Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly thu
c 153,3 gam hn hpX gm Ala, Ala-Gly, Gly-Ala, Gly-Val-Gly. t chy ton b X cn
va 6,3 mol O2. Ga tr m gn gi tr no nht di y?
 A.138,2 B. 145,7. C.160,82. D. 130,88
Gii tng t cu 10

3 cu hi v bi ton cho mui CO32-, HCO3- t t vo dung dch axit

Cu 1: Nh t t tng git cho n ht 300 ml dung dch NaHCO 3 0,1M; K2CO3 0,2M vo
100 ml dung dch HCl 0,2M; NaHSO4 0,6M v khuy u thu c V lt CO2 thot ra (ktc) v
dung dch X. Thm vo dung dch X 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,6M; BaCl2 1,5M thu c m
gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca V v m l A. 0,448 v 25,8.
B. 1,0752 v 20,678. C. 1,0752 v 22,254. D. 0,448 v 11,82.
nNaHCO3 = 0,03 mol, n K2CO3 = 0,06 mol
t l mol NaHCO3 : K2CO3 = 1 : 2 nn khi phn ng cng xy ra theo t l mol ny = x : 2x
mol phn ng
nH+ = nHCl + nNaHSO4 = 0,08 mol
p: H+ + HCO3- H2O + CO2
x x x
2-
2H+ + CO3 H2O + CO2
4x 2x 2x
x + 4x = 0,08 => x = 0,016 mol => nCO2 = 3x = 0,048 mol => V = 1,0752
Phn dung dch X ch SO42-, Cl- , HCO3- d , CO32- d
0,06 0,014 0,028 mol
OH- + HCO3 - CO32- + H2O
0,06(d) 0,014(ht) 0,014mol => nCo 32- = 0,028 + 0,014 = 0,042 mol
Ba2+ + SO42- = BaSO4
Ba2+ + CO32- BaCO3 m kt ta = 22,254.
Cu 2. Hp th ht 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch cha x mol KOH v y mol K2CO3 thu
c 200 ml dung dch X. Ly 100 ml X cho t t vo 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M thu
c 2,688 lt kh (ktc). Mt khc, 100ml X tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c
39,4g kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 0,15 B. 0,1 C. 0,2 D. 0,05
Bi ny tnh ngc li
Dung dch X cha KHCO3 (z mol) v K2CO3 (t mol) (BT C ta c 0,2 + y = nBaCO3)
Tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 0,2mol (trong 200ml l 0,4 mol)
0,2 + y = 0,4 mol=> y = 0,2 mol
P: p: H+ + HCO3- H2O + CO2
a a a
2-
2H+ + CO3 H2O + CO2
2a b b
a = 0,18mol, b = 0,06 mol
ta thy t l mol p HCO3- : CO32- = 0,18 : 0,06 = 3 : 1 vy ban u ta c z : t = 3 : 1 t
v 1 n = 3c : c
Quay li BT C ta c 3c + c = 0,4 => c = 0,1 mol
BT K ta c x + 2 y = 3c + 2c => x = 0,1
Loi ny cn ch kh t l mol ban u th hiu sut p l nh nhau nn p cng theo
tie l ban u v ngc li t l phn ng ca HCO3- v CO32- => ban u cng phi theo
t l
Cu 3: Nh rt t t 250ml dung dch Na2CO3 0,4M KHCO3 0,6M vo 300ml dung dch
H2SO4 0,35M v khuy u thu c V lt CO2 v dung dch Y, cho dung dch Y tc dng vi
dung dch BaCl2 d thu c m gam kt ta. gi tr ca m v V l A. 3,36 lt v 7,88 gam B.
3,36 lt v 32,345 gam
 C. 2,464 lt v 52,045 gam D. 2,464 lt v 29,465 gam
Tng t cu 1:

Trn y l mt s nh hng gii cc bi ton kh thy cha kip sa trn lp mi thc

mc cha hiu cc em hy gi 01236947998 hoc trao i qua facebook bt c lc no
thy s gii p cc thc mc ca cc em
Chc cc em may mn v th tht tt!