Jose Rizals full name is Dr.

Jose Protacio
Rizal Merchado Y Alonzo. He is the 7th
out of 11 children he is born in June 19
1861 His birth place was calamba,
laguna his nationality is Filipino he has
10 or more languages known his
contributions are El Filibustirismo , Noli
Metangere and the last that he wrote is
Mi Ultimo Adios he is the founder of
Laliga Filipina and the their news paper
la solidaridad he did because of faithfully
defending for our nation.
Dr. Jose P. Rizal became our national
Hero because he was able to defend and
fought the Spaniards for our country through his books like NOLI ME
TANGERE (March, 1877), EL FILIBUSTERISMO (Sept. 18, 1891) AND MI ULTIMO
ADIOS (1986).
Why Jose Rizal Is the National Hero?

It has always been a heated argument on who deserves to be called

Philippines national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal or Andres Bonifacio?
Recommended by the US Governor Taft. In many countries in the world, the
leader is almost chosen. We can mention Vladimir Lenin of Russia, Mao Tse-
Tung(Mao Zedong) of China, Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam and George Washington
of the United States. In the Philippines our national hero, Jose Rizal was not a
man of war but a man of peace. Why not Bonifacio, considering that he led
the revolution of 1896 against Spain? Who chose Rizal to be our country's
national hero? Factors that contributed to Rizal's acceptability as the official
hero of the Philippines according to Renato Constantino.
Rizal was already dead at the time the Americans began their aggression in
the Philippines No embarrassing anti-American quotations could ever be
attributed to Rizal. Rizal's dramaticmartyrdom had already made him the
symbol of Spanish oppression.In making Rizal as our Filipino national hero, a
number of conclusions can be drawn (Guerrero, 1998)
Since the Filipinos love peace, they have chosen to magnify a man of peace
above men of war. Because Filipinos are lovers of freedom and justice, they
have given their worship to a man who gave up all comforts and pleasures of
peace for their sake; and Filipino prize virtue more than victory, and sacrifice
above success.

Chapter 1:
Introduction to the Study of Rizal's Life,
Works and Writings Rizal, a True Filipino Hero

The Americans through the American Governor William Howard

Taft recommended to the Philippine Commission, which was
sponsored by the US, to declare Jose Rizal as a national hero for
the Filipinos. The Americans recommended Rizal because of the
fact that he was executed by the Spaniards and of his peaceful
way to achieve liberty. Unlike Andres Bonifacio whose desire to
achieve independence for his native land required armed
approach Daet, Camarines Norte Luneta Park(Rizal Park) in
Manila detached, crescent-shaped fort. 1970 one peso coin
I die without seeing the dawn brighten over my native
land. You who have it to see, welcome it and forget not
those who have fallen during the night! Jos Rizal

JOSE RIZAL, the national hero of the Philippines and pride of the
Malayan race, was born on June 19, 1861, in the town of Calamba,
Laguna. He was the seventh child in a family of 11 children (2
boys and 9 girls). Both his parents were educated and belonged
to distinguished families. His father, Francisco Mercado Rizal, an
industrious farmer whom Rizal called "a model of fathers," came
from Bian, Laguna; while his mother, Teodora Alonzo y Quintos, a
highly cultured and accomplished woman whom Rizal called
"loving and prudent mother," was born in Meisic, Sta. Cruz,
Manila.At the age of 3, he learned the alphabet from his mother;
at 5, while learning to read and write, he already showed
inclinations to be an artist. He astounded his family and relatives
by his pencil drawings and
sketches and by his moldings of clay. At the age 8, he wrote a
Tagalog poem, "Sa Aking Mga Kabata," the theme of which
revolves on the love of ones language. In 1877, at the age of 16,
he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree with an average of
"excellent" from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila. In the same
year, he enrolled in Philosophy and Letters at the University of
Santo Tomas, while at the same time took courses leading to the
degree of surveyor and expert assessor at the Ateneo. He finished
the latter course on March 21, 1877 and passed the Surveyors
examination on May 21, 1878; but because of his age, 17, he was
not granted license to practice the profession until December 30,
1881. In 1878, he enrolled in medicine at the University of Santo
Tomas but had to stop in his studies when he felt that the Filipino
students
were being discriminated upon by their
Dominican tutors. On May 3, 1882, he sailed
for Spain where he continued his studies at
the Universidad Central de Madrid. On June
21, 1884, at the age of 23, he was conferred
the degree of Licentiate in Medicine and on
June 19,1885, at the age of 24, he finished his
course in Philosophy and Letters with a grade
of "excellent." Having traveled extensively in
Europe, America and Asia, he mastered 22
languages. These include Arabic, Catalan,
Chinese, English, French, German, Greek,
Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Malayan, Portuguese, Russian,
Sanskrit, Spanish, Tagalog, and other native dialects. A versatile
genius, he was an architect, artists, businessman, cartoonists,
educator, economist, ethnologist, scientific farmer, historian,
inventor, journalist, linguist, musician, mythologist, nationalist,
naturalist, novelist, ophthalmic surgeon, poet, propagandist,
psychologist, scientist, sculptor, sociologist, and theologian. He
was an expert swordsman and a good shot.
In the hope of securing political and social reforms for his country
and at the same time educate his countrymen, Rizal, the greatest
apostle of Filipino nationalism, published, while in Europe, several
works with highly nationalistic and revolutionary tendencies. In
March 1887, his daring book, NOLI ME TANGERE, a satirical novel
exposing the arrogance and despotism of the Spanish clergy, was
published in Berlin; in 1890 he reprinted in Paris, Morgas
SUCCESSOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS with his annotations to prove
that the Filipinos had a civilization worthy to be proud of even
long before the Spaniards set foot on Philippine soil; on
September 18, 1991, EL FILIBUSTERISMO, his second novel and a
sequel to the NOLI and more revolutionary and tragic than the
latter, was printed in Ghent.
Because of his fearless exposures of the injustices committed by
the civil and clerical officials, Rizal provoked the animosity of
those in power. This led himself, his relatives and countrymen into
trouble with the Spanish officials of the country. As a
consequence, he and those who had contacts with Him were
shadowed; the authorities were not only finding faults but even
fabricating charges to pin him down. Thus, he was imprisoned in
Fort Santiago from July 6, 1892 to July 15, 1892 on a charge that
anti-friar pamphlets were found in the luggage of his sister Lucia
who arrives with him from Hong Kong. While a political exile in
Dapitan, he engaged in agriculture, fishing and business; he
maintained and operated a hospital; he conducted classes- taught
his pupils the English and Spanish languages, the arts. The
sciences, vocational courses including agriculture, surveying,
sculpturing, and painting, as well as the art of self defense; he did
some researches and collected specimens; he entered into
correspondence with renowned men of letters and sciences
abroad; and with the help of his pupils, he contracted water dam
and a relief map of Mindanao- both considered remarkable
engineering feats.

His sincerity and friendliness won for him the trust and confidence
of even those assigned to guard him; his good manners and warm
personality were found irresistible by women of all races with
whom he had personal contacts; his intelligence and humility
gained for him the respect and admiration of prominent men of
other nations; while his undaunted courage and determination to
uplift the welfare of his people were feared by his enemies. When
the Philippine Revolution started on August 26, 1896, his enemies
lost no time in pressing him down. They were able to enlist
witnesses that linked him with the revolt and these were never
allowed to be confronted by him. Thus, from November 3, 1986,
to the date of his execution, he was again committed to Fort
Santiago. In his prison cell, he wrote an untitled poem, now known
as "Ultimo Adios" which is considered a masterpiece and a living
document expressing not only the heros great love of country but
also that of all Filipinos. After a mock trial, he was convicted of
rebellion, sedition and of forming illegal association. In the cold
morning of December 30, 1896, Rizal, a man whose 35 years of
life had been packed with varied activities which proved that the
Filipino has capacity to equal if not excel even those who treat
him as a slave, was shot at Bagumbayan Field.

CHAPTER 2:
BEAUTIFUL MEMORIES OF CHILDHOOD IN HIS NATIVE
TOWN. HIS NATAL TOWN OF CALAMBA, SO NAMED AFTER
A BIG NATIVE JAR, WAS A FITTING CRADLE FOR A HERO
Its scenic beauties and its industrious, hospitable, and friendly
folks impressed him during his childhood years and profoundly
affected his mind and character.
IN 1876, WHEN HE WAS 15 YEARS OLD AND WAS A STUDENT IN
THE ATENEO DE MANILA, HE REMEMBERED HIS BELOVED TOWN
ACCORDINGLY TO HIS POEM..
Because he was a frail, sickly, and undersized child, he was given
such tender care by his parents. His father built a little nipa
cottage in the garden for him to play in the day-time.
Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus prayer. By
nightfall, Rizal related, his mother gathered all the children at the
house to pray the Angelus The aya, whos a kind old woman that
was employed as nurse maid for Rizal shared many stories about
fairies; tales of buried treasure and trees blooming with
diamonds, and other fabulous stories. THE IMAGINARY TALES
TOLD BY AYA AROUSED IN RIZAL AN ENDURING INTEREST IN
LEGENDS AND FOLKLORE.ANOTHER MEMORY OF HIS INFANCY
WAS THE NOCTURNAL WALK IN THE TOWN, ESPECIALLY WHEN
THERE WAS A MOON. THE AYA TOOK HIM FOR A WALK IN TH
MOONLIGHT BY THE RIVER, WHERE THE TREES CAST GROTESQUE
SHADOWS ON THE BANK. Of his sisters, Jose loved most the little
Concha (Concepcion). He was year older than Concha. He played
with her and from her, he learned the sweetness of sisterly love.
Unfortunately, Concha dies of sickness in 1865 when she was only
three years old, Jose, who was very fond of her, cried bitterly at
losing her. The death of little Concha brought him his first sorrow.
At the age of three, he began to take part in the family prayers.
His mother, who was devout Catholic, taught him the Catholic
prayers. When he was five years old, he was able to read haltingly
the Spanish family bible.He loved to go to church, to pray, to take
part in novenas, and to join the religious procession.One June 6,
1868, Jose and his father left Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to
Antipolo. It was the first trip of Jose across Laguna de Bay and his
first pilgrimage to Antipolo. After praying at the shrine of the
Virgin of Antipolo, Jose and his father went to Manila. It was the
first time Jose saw Manila. They visited Saturnina, who was then a
boarding student at La Concordia College in Santa Ana. Of all
stories told by Dona Teodora to her favorite son, Jose , likes the
story of a young moth which made the profoundest impression on
him. Since early childhood Rizal revealed his God-given talent for
art.At the age of five, he began to make sketches with his pencil
and to mould in clay and wax objects which attracted his
fancy.Aside from his sketching and sculpturing talent, Rizal
possessed a God-given gift for literature. At the age of eight, Rizal
wrote his first poem in the native language entitle Sa Aking Mga
Kababata. The poem reveals Rizals earliest nationalist
sentiment. After writing the poem, Rizal, who was then eight
years old, wrote his first dramatic work which was a Tagalog
comedy.ITS SAID THAT IT WAS STAGED IN CALAMBA FESTIVAL
AND WAS DELIGHTFULLY APPLAUDED BY THE AUDIENCE. A
GOBERNADORCILLO FROM PAETE, A TOWN IN LAGUNA, HAPPENED
TO WITNESS THE COMEDY AND LIKED IT SO MUCH THAT HE
PURCHASED THE MANUSCRIPT FOR TWO PESOS AND BROUGHT IT
TO HIS HOME TOWN. Since early manhood Rizal had been
interested in magic. He entertained his town folks with magic-
lantern exhbitions.
In later years when he attained manhood, he continues his keen
predilection for magic. He read many books on magic and
attended the performances of the famous magicians of the world.
IN HIS MANHOOD, HE GRIEVED DEEPLY OVER THE UNHAPPY
SITUATION OF THE BELOVED FATHERLAND. THE SPANISH
MISDEEDS AWAKENED THE BOYISH HEART INTO A GREAT
DETERMINATION TO FIGHT TYRANNY.When he became a man,
many years later, he wrote to his friend, Mariano Ponce: In view
of these injustices and cruelties, althought yet a child, my
imagination was awakened and I made a vow dedicating myself
someday to avenge the many victims. With this idea in my mind, I
studies, and this is seen in all my writings. Someday God will give
me opportunity to fulfill my promiseIn the lived of all men there
are influences which cause some to be great and others not. In
the case of Rizal, he had all the favorable influences, few other
children in his time enjoyed.
1. HEREDITARY INFLUENCE
2. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCE
3. AID OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE

Chapter 3:
EARLY EDUCATION INCALAMBA AND BIAN
How did you learn the alphabet?
The Heros First Teacher Doa Teodora was Joses first non-
formal teacher on her lap; Jose learned prayers and the alphabet
at the age of three. Private Tutors of Rizal Maestro Celestino was
Joses first private tutor Maestro Lucas Padua was the second
private tutor Maestro Leon Monroy became the heros tutor in
Spanish and Latin. He was a classmate of Don Francisco. The
Uncles of Rizal Uncle Jose Alberto gave wise direction in the
studies of Jose Uncle Gregorio instilled into the mind of Jose the
Jose Alberto love for education
The Uncles of Rizal Work hard and perform every task very
carefully; learn to be swift as well as thorough; be independent in
thinking; and make visual pictures of everything. Uncle
Gregorio.The Uncles of Rizal Uncle Manuel Alberto seeing Jose
was frail in nature, concerned himself with the physical
development of his nephew He also taught Jose the love for open
air and admiration for the beauty of nature Jose Goes to Bian
Don Leon died five months later and Jose was sent to a private
school in Bian. June 1869 Jose goes to Bian with Paciano
Carromata the mode of transportation Aunts house where Jose
lodged First Day in School Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz formal
teacher Rizal described Maestro Justiniano as tall, thin, long-
necked, sharp-nosed, with a body slightly bent forward. The
school was in Maestro Justinianos house. First School Brawl
Pedro (the teachers son) wrestling Andres Salandanan arm
wrestling. Painting Lessons in Bian Old Juancho freely gave
Jose painting lessons Jose Rizal and his classmate Jose Guevarra
became apprentices of Old Juancho. Daily Life in BianJoses daily
routine: Hears mass at 4 a.m. or studies lesson before going to
mass Goes to orchard to look for mabolo to eat Breakfast Goes
to class at 10 a.m. Lunch break. Daily Life in Bian Goes back to
school at 2 p.m. Goes home at 5 p.m. Prays with cousins
Studies lessons, then draws a little Has supper Prays again. Daily
Life in Bian Plays in the street if moon is bright sleeps. Best
Student in School Jose surpassed his classmates in Spanish, Latin
and other subjects. His older classmates were jealous and
squealed to the teacher whenever he had fights Jose usually
received five or six blows while laid out on a bench. End of Bian
Schooling December 17, 1870 Jose left Bian Talim the
steamer that Jose rode Arturo Camps a Frenchman and a friend
of Don Francisco, he took care of Jose during the trip. Martyrdom
of GOMBURZA January 20, 1872 Cavite mutiny February 17,
1872 Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora
were implicated and executed The GOMBURZA were leaders of
the secularization movement. The GOMBURZA Martyrdom of
GOMBURZA The martyrdom of the three priests inspired Rizal to
fight the evils of Spanish tyranny. In 1891, Rizal dedicated his
second novel El Filibusterismo to GOMBURZA. Injustice to the
Heros Mother In 1872, Doa Teodora was arrested on a malicious
charge that she aided his brother Jose Alberto in trying to poison
his wife Jose Alberto planned to divorce his wife because of her
infidelity. Injustice to the Heros Mother Jose Albertos wife
connived with the Spanish lieutenant of the Guardia Civil and filed
a case against Rizals mother Antonio Vivencio Del Rosario
gobernadorcillo of Calamba, helped the lieutenant arrest Doa
Teodora. Injustice to the Heros Mother 50 kilometers Doa
Teodora was made to walk from Calamba to the provincial prison
in Santa Cruz. Injustice to the Heros Mother Don Francisco de
Marcaida & Don Manuel Mazano mostfamous lawyers of Manila,
defended Doa Teodora in court After 2 years the Royal
Audiencia acquitted Doa Teodora.

Chapter 4:
Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila (1872 1877)

4 months after the execution of Gom-Bur- Za and with Doa

Teodora still in prison Jose, was sent to Manila. He studied in the
Ateneo Municipal. Under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits,
Bitter rival of the Dominican-owned College of San Juan de Letran
Formerly Seculars Pia (Charity School) Established by City
Government in 1817 for poor boys in manila 1768 Jesuits expelled
from Philippines Returned to Manila in 1859 later became Ateneo
de Manila.

Rizal Enters the Ateneo June 10, 1872 - Entrance Exam Father
Magin Ferrando, College Registrar Manuel Xerez Burgos, (nephew
of Father Burgos) He use Rizal as his surname instead of
Mercado Boarded in a house outside Intramuros, on Caraballo
Street, (25 mins. away from college)Titay (a spinster) owned the
boarding house, and owed the Rizals family the amount of P300
Jesuit System of Education Promotes physical culture, humanities,
and scientific studies Vocational courses on agriculture,
commerce, mechanics and surveying Religiously operate the
school - mass every morning - classes/subjects are open & close
with prayer Students were divided into two: Roman Empire
Internos (boarders) Carthaginian Empire Externos (non). Each
empires had its Ranks: Best Student Emperor; 2nd Best
Tribune; 3rd Best Decurion; 4th Best Centurion; 5th Best
Standard Bearer; Student could challenge any officer in his
empire to answer questions on the days lesson Failure to
answer correctly (3) times, an officer could lose his position
Both banners were used equally in the classroom: 1st defeat left
side of the room 2nd Inferior position on the right side 3rd
Inclined flag was placed on the left 4th Flag was reversed and
returned to the right 5th Reversed flag was placed on the left
6th Banner was changed with a figure of a donkey Uniform
hemp-fabric trousers and striped cotton coat Coat material
was called rayadillo famous uniform. Rizal's First Year in
Ateneo (1872 - 1873) June, 1872, first day of class in Ateneo Fr.
Jose Bech, first professor of Rizal. He was an externo and was
assigned to Carthaginians. At the end of the month he became
"emperor". He was the brightness pupil in the whole class. He
took private lessons in Santa Isabel College and paid three pesos
for extra Spanish lessons. He placed seconds at the end of the
year although his grades were marked "Excellent"
Summer Vacation (1873) March 1873, Rizal returned to Calamba
for summer vacation. His sister Neneng (Saturnina) brought him
to Tanawan to cheer him up Visited his mother in prison at Santa
Cruz without telling his father After vacation, he returned to
Manila for his 2nd year term in Ateneo He boarded inside
Intramuros at No. 6 Magallanes Street Dona Pepay was his
landlady, an old widow with a widowed daughter and 4 sons.
Second Year in Ateneo (1873 1874)He repented having
neglected his studies the previous year because he was offended
by the teachers remarks.Rizal studied harder, and once more he
became an emperor after losing his class leadership. He had 3
classmates from Binan who had also been his classmates in the
school of Maestro Justiniano At the end of the school year, he
received excellent grades in all subjects and a gold medal.
Teenage Interest in Reading During the summer vacation in
Calamba (1874)1st favorite novel of Rizal The Count of Monte
Cristo by Alexander Dumas a voracious reader Cesar Cantus
historical work entitled Universal History Travels in the
Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor, a German scientist-traveler (1859
1860)
3rd Year in Ateneo (1874 1875) shortly after the opening of
classes, his mother was released from prison. In the previous
years, Rizal did not make an excellent showing in his studies. He
failed to win the medal in Spanish because his spoken was not
fluently sonorous March, 1875 Rizal returned to Calamba for
summer vacation. 4th Year in Ateneo (1875 1876) June 16, 1875
He became an interno in Ateneo Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez
inspired him to study harder and write poetry "model of
uprightness, earnestness and love for the advancement of his
pupils" Rizal won five medals
Last Year in Ateneo (1876 1877) June 1876, last year of Rizal in
Ateneo He was truly "the pride of the Jesuits" Obtained highest
grades in all subjects Graduation with Highest Honors "Excellent"
scholastic records from 1872 to 1877 March 23, 1877,
Commencement Day Received the degree of Bachelor of Arts
with highest honors Extra-Curricular Activities in Ateneo An
"emperor" inside the classroom and campus leader outside
Secretary of the Marian Congregation Member of Academy of
Spanish Literature and the Academy of Natural Sciences Studied
painting under the famous Spanish painter Agustin Saez (left
photo) Sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus (right photo), noted
Filipino sculptor Engaged in gymnastics and fencing Father Jose
Vilaclara advised him to stop communing with the muses and pay
more attention to practical studies such as philosophy and natural
science Sculptural Works in Ateneo Carved an image of The
Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling (Philippine hardwood)Father
Lleonart requested him to carve an image of the Sacred Heart of
Jesus The old Jesuit forgot to take the image with him to Spain
Ateneo boarding students placed the image on the door of the
dormitory and remain there for many years Anecdotes of Rizal
Felix M. Ramos one of Rizals contemporaries in Ateneo Manuel
Xerex Burgos whose house Rizal boarded shortly before he
became an interno in Ateneo Poems Written in Ateneo Mi Primera
Inspiration (My First Inspiration) the first poem Rizal probably
wrote during his days in Ateneo.
In 1875, inspired by Father Sanchez, he wrote more poems such
as: Filicitacion (Felicitation) El Embarque: Himno a la Flota de
Magallanes (The Departure Hymn to Magellans fleet) Y Es
Espanol: Elcano, the first to circumnavigate the world El Combate:
Urbiztondo Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo)
In 1876, Rizal wrote poems on various topics: Un Recuerdo a Mi
Pueblu (In Memory of My Town) Alianza Intima Entre la Region Y
La Buena Educacion (Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good
Education) Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre La Patria (Through
Education the Country Receive Light) E Cultivero Y El Triunfo (The
Captivity and the Triumph: Battle of Lucena and the Imprisonment
of Boabdil) La Entrada Triuntal de Los Reyes Catolices en Granada
(The Triumphal Entry of The Catholic Monarches into Granada)
A year later, in 1877 he wrote more poems: El Heroismo de Colon
(The heroism of Colombus) Colon y Juan II (Colombus and John II )
Gran Consuelo en la Mayor Desdicha (Great Solace in Great
Misfortune)Un Diarogo Alusivo a la Despedida de los Colegiales (A
Farewell Dialogue of the Students)
My First Inspiration Why falls so rich a spray of fragrance from
the bowers of the balmy flowers upon this festive day? Why from
woods and vales do we hear sweet measures ringing that seem to
be the singing of a choir of nightingales? Why in the grass below
do birds start at the wind's noises, unleashing their honeyed
voices as they hop from bough to bough? Why should the spring
that glows its crystalline murmur be tuning to the zephyr's mellow
crooning as among the flowers it flows? Why seems to me more
endearing, more fair than on other days, the dawn's enchanting
face among red clouds appearing? The reason, dear mother, is
they feast your day of bloom: the rose with its perfume, the bird
with its harmonies. And the spring that rings with laughter upon
this joyful day with its murmur seems to say: "Live happily ever
after!" And from that spring in the grove now turn to hear the first
note that from my lute I emote to the impulse of my love.
Dramatic Work in Ateneo Father Sanchez, his favorite teacher ask
him to write a drama based on the prose story of St. Eustace the
Martyr Summer 1876 in Calamba, he wrote the religious drama in
poetic verses June 2 1876, finished the manuscript He submitted
the finished manuscript entitled San Eustacio, Martir (St.
Eustace, the Martyr) to Father Sanchez in his last academic year
in Ateneo
First Romance of Rizal 16 years old, experienced his first romance
Segunda Katigbak, a pretty 14 years old Batanguena from Lipa
Sister of his friend Mariano Katigbak His sister Olimpia was a close
friend of Segunda in La Concordia College
First Romance of Rizal Segunda was already engaged to Manuel
Luz His first romance was ruined by his own shyness and reserve
Segunda returned to Lipa and later married Manuel LuzRizal
remained in Calamba, a frustrated lover, cherishing nostalgic
memories of lost love

Chapter 5:
Medical Studies at University of Santo Tomas
DOA TEODORA opposed the idea of sending Rizal to University
to pursue Higher Education because she was aware what
happened to Gom-Bur-Za and feared of might would happen to
Rizal. Rizal was surprised by his mothers opposition, who was a
woman of education and culture. Despite her mothers opposition,
Don Francisco told Paciano to accompany Rizal to Manila.April
1877 Rizal enrolled at UST, taking the course on Philosophy and
Letters. Reasons: 1. His father liked it. 2. He was still uncertain as
to what career to pursue. Fr. Pablo Ramon rector of the Ateneo.
1877 1878 Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and
History of Philosophy during his first year term. 1877 1879 Rizal
took up medical course upon the advised of Ateneos Rector to
study medicine. Reason: -- To be able to cure his mothers growing
blindness. While Rizal was studying at UST, he also studied in
Ateneo. He took the vocational course leading to the title of
Perito Agrimensor (Expert Surveyor). He excelled in all subjects
in the surveying course obtaining gold medals in Agriculture and
Topography. Vocational Courses:
1. Agriculture
2. Mechanics
3. Commerce
4. Surveying
At the age of 17, he passed the final exam in the surveying
course but could not be granted the title as Surveyor because he
was under age. November 25, 1881the title as Surveyor to Rizal
Extra-Curricular Activities: 1. President, Academy of Spanish
Literature. 2. Secretary, Academy of Natural Sciences. 3.
Secretary, Marian Congregation. Segunda Katigbak Miss L. fair
with seductive and attractive eyes. Reasons:
 1. The sweet memory of Segunda was still fresh in his heart.
2. His father did not like the family of Miss L. Leonor Orang
Valenzuela a medical student from Calamba, Laguna the
charming daughter of Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday
Valenzuela.
Tall girl with a regal bearing Rizal sent Leonor a love notes
written in invisible ink. Leonor Rivera Rizals cousin from Camiling.
Born in Camiling, tarlac on April 11, 1867. A student of La
Concordia College where Rizals sister, Soledad was then
studying. Frail, pretty girl, and tender as a budding flower with
kindly wistful eyes. Taimis Leonors pseudonym in order to
camouflage their intimate relationship from their parents and
friends. Rizal lived in: Casa Tomasina No. 6 Calle Santo Tomas,
Intramuros Antonio Rivero Rizals landlord-uncle. -- Father of
Leonor Rivera. One dark summer vacation night of 1878 in
Calamba when Rizal was a freshman Medical student at the
University of Santo Tomas. He was walking in the street and dimly
perceived the figure of a man while passing him not knowing that
the person was a Lieutenant of the Guardia Civil, he did not salute
not say a greetings. With a snarl, he turned upon Rizal, whipped
out his sword and brutally slashed his back. Rizal reported the
incident to General Primo de Rivera, the Spanish Governor
General of the Philippines at that time but nothing came out
because he was an Indio and the accused was a Spaniard. Later in
a letter to Blumentritt dated March 21, 1887, he related, I went
to the Captain-General but I could not obtain justice; my wound
lasted two weeks.Liceo Artisco-Literano (Artistic-Literary Lyceum)
a society of literary men and artists. Held a Literary Contest and
offered a prize (Silver Pen, feather-shaped decorated with gold
ribbon) for best poem. A La Juventud Filipina (To The Filipino
Youth) Rizals prize-winning and inspiring poem of flawless for.
Rizal beseeched the Filipino youth to rise from the lethargy; to let
their genius mind fly swiftly the wind and descend with art and
science to break the chains that have long bound the spirit of the
people. Reasons why Rizals Poem was a Classic in Philippine
Literature: 1. It was the first gr eat poem in Spanish written by a
Filipino, whose merit was recognized by Spanish Literary
Authorities. 2. It expressed for the first time the nationalistic
concept that the Filipinos were the fair hope of the Fatherland.
Artistic-Literary Lyceum opened another literary contest (to both
Filipinos and Spaniards) to commemorate the 4th centennial of
the death of Cervantes. Cervantes was a Spains glorified man-of-
letters and famous author of Don Quixote. Rizal submitted an
allegorical drama entitled El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council
of the Gods).
The Council of the Gods. Was based on the Greek classics.
aided by Fr. Rector of Ateneo. Prize: Gold Ring engraved the bust
of Cervantes Winners: 1st Place: Jose Rizal (19yrs old) 2nd Place:
D. N. Del Puzo (Spanish) --Because of its literary superiority. Junto
Al Pasig (Besides the Pasig) (Zarzuela)staged by the Ateneans
on December 8, 1880 of the Annual Celebration of the Feast Day
of Immaculate Concepcion (Patroness of Ateneo). A Filipinas (a
sonnet, 1880) Rizal urged all Filipino artists to glorify the
Philippines. Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma (poem, 1879) was declaimed
by an Atenean, Manuel Fernandez on the night of December 8,
1879 in honor of the Ateneos Patroness.Al M. R. P. Pablo Ramon (a
poem, 1881) Rizal wrote a poem as an expression of affection to
Father Pablo Ramon, the Ateneo Rector, who had been so kind
and helpful to him.
Summer of May 1881 Rizal went to a pilgrimage to the town of
pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen Maria de los Dolores. he was
accompanied by his sistersSaturnina , Maria, and Trinidad and
their female friends. They took a casco (flat-bottom sailing vessel)
from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna, and stayed at the home of Mr. and
Mrs. Manuel Regalado, whose son Nicolas was Rizals friend in
Manila. Rizal and his companions were fascinated by the famous
Turumba (people dancing in the streets during the procession in
honor of the miraculous Birhen Maria de los Dolores) Rizal was
infatuated by a pretty girl colegiala, Vicenta Ybardolaza, who
skillfully played the harp at the Regalado home. Reasons why
Rizal and his company made side trip to the neighbouring town of
Pagsanjan: It was the native town of Leonor Valenzuela. To see the
world famed Pagsanjan Falls. Rizal was the champion of the
Filipino students in their fights against the arrogant Spanish
students. In 1880, Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino
students in the University of Santo Tomas called
Compaerismo(Comradeship), whose members were called
Companions of Jehu, after the valiant Hebrew general who
fought the Armaeans. Galicano Apacible (Rizals cousin from
Batangas) was the Secretary. Fierce encounter near the Escolta in
Manila where Rizal was wounded on the head, and tenderly
washed and dressed by Leonor Rivera in his boarding house Casa
Tomasina. The Dominican were hostile to him. The Filipino
students were racially discriminated by the Spaniards. The
method of instruction was obsolete and repressive. Result: Rizal,
the most brilliant graduate of Ateneo failed to win high scholastic
grade.1877 - 1878 (Philosophy & Letters) Cosmology &
Metaphysics. Excellent Theodicy. Excellent History of Philosophy
Excellent 1878 - 1879 (Medicine) 1st Year Physics Fair
Chemistry Excellent Natural History Good Anatomy I Good
Dissection I Goo1879 - 1880 (Medicine) 2nd Year Anatomy 2
Good Dissection 2 Good Physiology Good Private Hygiene
Good Public Hygiene Good 1880 - 1881 (Medicine) 3rd Year
General Pathology Fair Therapeutics Excellent Surgery
Good 1881 1882 (Medicine) 4th Year Medical Pathology
Very Good Surgical Pathology Very Good Obstetrics Very
Good! After finishing the Fourth Year of his medical course, Rizal
decided to study in Spain. He could no longer endure the rampant
bigotry, discrimination, and hostility in the University of Santo
Tomas. He did not seek his parents permission and blessings to
go abroad; and even his beloved Leonor.

Chapter 6:
In Sunny Spain (1882-1885)

Jose Rizal finished his medical course in the University of Santo

Tomas. Then he decided to complete his studies in Spain due to
the radical prejudice of Dominican Professors against Filipino
Students.

Secret Mission which was more important than finishing

his studies.

Rizals Secret Mission

The secret mission of Rizal is to observe keenly the life and
culture, languages and customs, industries and commerce, and
government laws of European nation in order to prepare himself
in the mighty task of liberating his fellow-men. His mission was
approved by his older brother Paciano, Rizal leave without
permission and blessing from his parents.
Secret Departure for Spain
The departure of Rizal was kept secret to avoid the detection by
the Spanish authorities and the friars, even his own parents. Only
selected person knows the secret departure of Rizal, including his
brother Paciano and the Ateneo Jesuit fathers. The Jesuit priests
gave him letters of recommendation to the members of their
Society in Barcelona. On May3, 1882, Rizal departed on board the
Spanish steamer.

Salvadora
Bound for Singapore.

Singapore
During the voyage, Rizal observed the he is the only Filipino on
the ship.The ship captain, Donato Lecha, from Asturias, Spain,
befriend him. On May 9,1882, the Ship docked at Singapore. Rizal
landed, registered at the Hotel de la Paz,and spent two days for
sightseeing; there he saw the statue of Sir Thomas Stanford
Raffles (founder of Singapore).

From Singapore to Colombo

Rizal transferred to ship

Djemnah
He left to Europe on May 11. It was a French vessel therefore
French mostly spoken on board. On May 17, Djemnah reach Point
Galle, a seacoast town in southern Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).The
following day, Djemnah resume the voyage, after a few hours
of sailing, they reach Colombo, the capital of Ceylon on the same
day.

First Trip through Suez Canal

From Colombo, Djemnah continued the voyage crossing the
Indian Ocean to the Cape of Guardafui, Africa, and then a
stopover on Aden. From Aden Djemnah proceeded to the city of
Suez, the Red Sea terminal of the Suez Canal. It took five days to
traverse the Suez Canal. At Port Said, the Mediterranean terminal
of the Suez Canal, Rizal landed and he was fascinated to hear the
multi-racial inhabitants speaking a babel of tongues.
Naples and Marseilles
From Port Said, the Djemnah proceeded on its way to Europe. On
June 11, Rizal reached Naples. On the night of June 12, the
steamer docked at the French harbor of Marsielles. He stayed two
and a half day in Marsielles, he visited the Famous Chateau dlf,
where Dantes, hero of The Count of Monte Cristo.

Barcelona
On the afternoon of May 15, Rizal left Marseilles by train; he
crossed the Pyrences and stopped for a day at Port Bou. After the
passport inspection at Port Bou, he contributes his journey, and
he reached Barcelona on June 16, 1882. Rizals first impression of
Barcelona was unfavorable; he found out that the. People were
open-hearted, hospitable, and courageous. The Filipinos in
Barcelona, some of whom even his schoolmates on the Ateneo,
welcome Rizal.

Amor Patria
Rizal wrote a nationalistic essay entitled Amor
Patria (Love of Country his first article written on Spanishs soil.
He sent the article to Basilio Teodoro Moran, publisher of Diaryong
Tagalog, under his pen-name Laong Laan. Amor Patria appeared
on the newspaper on August 20, 1882, with tagalong version
translated by M.H. Del Pilar .Rizal wrote again for Diaryong
Tagalog; Los Viajes (Travels), Revisita de Madrid (Review of
Madrid), unfortunately Diaryong Tagalog had ceased publication
for lack of funds.

Manila Moves to Madrid

Sad news, on September 15, 1882, Rizal received a letter from
Paciano, according to the letter, Philippines was ravaging by
epidemic. Another sad news from Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio,
intimate friend), Leonora Rivera was began to be unhappy
because of the absence of Rizal. In one of his letters (dated
May 26, 1882) Paciano adviced Rizal to finish his medical course
in Madrid, therefore, Rizal establish himself to Madrid.

Life in Madrid
On November 3, 1882, Rizal enrolled in Universidad Central de
Madrid (Central University of Madrid) in two courses. Medical and
Philosophy and Letters. Rizal is thirst for knowledge; he studied a
lot in Madrid and on his leisure times are reading and writing,
sometimes he is attending the reunions of Filipino Students.

Romance with Consuela Ortiga y Perez

Rizal, being a lonely young man in a foreign country, he was
attracted by Consuelos beauty. On August 22, 1883 he expresses
his admiration; he made a poem entitled A La Seiorita C.O. y P..
The Romance didnt blossom because of two reasons- Engage to
Leonora Rivera- Eduardo de Lete (his friend) is madly in love with
Consuelo.

They Ask me for Verses

Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-Philippine
Circle). Upon the request of the members, Rizal wrote a poem
entitled, Mi Piden Versos, he declaimed it during New Years Eve,
December 31, 1882

Rizal as Lover of Books

A favorite past time of Rizal in Madrid was reading. Rizal
economized on his living expenses, he purchase books from a
second-hand book store. Rizals was deeply affected by Uncle
Toms Cabin and the Wandering Jew.

Rizals First Visit to Paris (1883)

His first summer vacation to Paris, France, June 17 to August 20,
1883 and he live at cheap hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes in Latin
Quarter. Like all tourist, Rizal was amazed on the beautiful
sceneries of Paris. Rizal is an unordinary tourist because he was
observing the life and culture of French; he was spending time on
museums.

Rizal as a Mason
In Spain Rizal came close to with Masons including Miguel
Morayta, Francisco Pi y Margal, Manuel Bacerra, Emilio Junoy, and
Juan Ruiz Zorilla. Rizal wasimpressed by the Spanish Masons, and
he joined Masonic lodge called Acacia in Madrid. Later he
transferred to Lodge Solidaridad (Madrid), were he became a
Master Mason on November 15,1890 he was awarded the
diploma of Master Mason on February 15, 1892.

Financial Worries
After Rizals departure to Spain, the things turned worse in
Calamba Dueto hard time in Calamba, the monthly allowances of
Rizal in Madrid were late in arrival and there were times they were
never arrived. On June 24, 1884 , a touching incident to Rizals
life; he was empty stomach that day but he still attended to his
Classes and events.

Rizals Salute to Luna and Hidalgo

Banquet on June 25, 1884, Rizal salute to Luna and Hidalgos
victory on the. National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid. Lunas
Solariums winning first prize and Hidalgos Christian Virgins
Exposed to the Populaces, second price.

Rizal Involved in Student Demonstration

On November 20, 21, and 22, 1884, a riot was exploded on the
Central University due to excommunicated of Dr, Morayta, The
riot was participated by lots of students including Filipino
students. The appointment of the new Rector intensified the fury
of the student demonstrators. More student demonstrations
convulsed the city.

Studies Completed in Spain

Rizal completed his medical course in Spain in June 21, 1884. Due
to not presenting the thesis required and corresponding fees, he
was not awarded his. Doctors diploma. Rizal also finished his
studies in Philosophy and Letter. He was awarded the degree of
Licentiate in Philosophy and letters on June 19, 1885, with rating
of Excellent.