CE 579: STRUCTRAL STABILITY AND DESIGN

Amit H. Varma
Assistant Professor
School of Civil Engineering
Purdue University
Ph. No. (765) 496 3419
Email: ahvarma@purdue.edu
Office hours: M-T-Th 10:30-11:30 a.m.
 Chapter 2. Second-Order Differential Equations

This chapter focuses on deriving second-order differential

equations governing the behavior of elastic members
2.1 First order differential equations
2.2 Second-order differential equations
 2.1 First-Order Differential Equations

Governing the behavior of structural members

Elastic, Homogenous, and Isotropic
Strains and deformations are really small small deflection theory
Equations of equilibrium in undeformed state
Consider the behavior of a beam subjected to bending and axial
forces
 Bending behavior longitudinal stresses
Assume tensile forces are positive and moments are positive
according to the right-hand rule
Longitudinal stress due to bending
P Mx My
My y x
P Mx
y
A Ix Iy
x
A Ix Iy

This is true when the x-y axis system is

a centroidal and principal axis system.
y dA x dA x y dA 0
A A A
Centroidal axis

dA A; dA I y ; dA I x
2 2
x y
A A A

I x and I y are principal moment of inertia

 Bending behavior Moment Curvature relation
P Mx My
The corresponding strain is y x
A E E Ix E Iy
Mx
If P=My=0, then y
E Ix
Plane-sections remain plane and perpendicular
to centroidal axis before and after bending
The measure of bending is curvature which
denotes the change in the slope of the
centroidal axis between two point dz apart

tan y
y
For small deformations tan y y

y
y
Mx
y
E Ix
M x E Ix y and similarly M y E I y x
 Bending behavior Shear Stresses
Shear Stresses due to bending

s
Vy
t
Ix y t ds
O

Vx s
t x t ds
Iy O
 Differential Equations of Bending
Differential equations of bending
Assume principle of superposition
Treat forces and deformations in y-z and x-z
plane seperately
Both the end shears and qy act in a plane
parallel to the y-z plane through the shear
center S
dV y
q y
dz
dM x
Vy
dz
d 2M x
q y
dz 2
d 2 (E I x y )
q y
dz 2
E I x y q y
 Bending Differential Equations
Differential equations of bending

E I x y q y
v
y
1 (v) 2 3/ 2

For small deflections

y v
E I x v iv q y (1)
Similarly E I y u iv q x (2)
u deflection in positive x direction
v deflection in positive y direction

Fourth-order differential equations using first-order force-deformation

theory