SYAZA KAMARUDIN (2015419618)

EDU7701A1
TEST
TSL 752 TRENDS IN TESTING, ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION
29/10/2015

1. The current trend in the field of assessment is about

Assessment for Learning (AFL). Discuss the main features of
AFL in comparison to Assessment of Learning (AOL).

(8 marks)
Assessment for Learning (AFL), also known as Formative Assessment is
different from Assessment of Learning (AOL), in which AFL emphasize on
ongoing dialogue, descriptive feedback, and reflection throughout
instruction. In AFL, the main purpose of this assessment is to support and
advance students in their learning, while for AOL the main purpose of it
is to grade and certify students achievement. The evaluation for AFL
assessment is determined during the work process and it focuses on
improving the students progress. AOL evaluates the students upon
completion of the work given and focus on the main product (monthly test).
in comparison to AOL, AFL observe the students continuously and the
this method of evaluation is designed to measure students
comprehension on a task in order to identify areas that the students
required to be improves or enhanced. AOL only takes place after a
period of instructions and requires making verdicts about learning that had
taken place (grading test papers). The students results extracted from
AFL assessment will be used to adjust the instructions/learning
context in order to cater to students need. For AOL, students results
will only be used as benchmark or as an evaluation to determine the
level/quality of the students.

2. What is School-Based Assessment (SBA)? Discuss three (3)

possible challenges faced by teachers in implementing SBA.
(4 marks)

School-Based Assessment is an approach introduced by MOE in evaluating

students academic progress in teaching and learning process where the
teachers and schools are empowered to gauge student learning.

Three possible challenges faced by teachers in implementing SBA are;

 I. Teachers faced problems completing the assessment according to
schedule and also in ensuring the authenticity of assessment as they
are struggling in adapting to this newly implemented approach.
II. Teachers encountered time constraint and increasing work load in a
sense where SBA requires teacher to key in data of students progress
on a daily basis, when the time spent on it can be used in preparing
better materials/lesson for teaching and learning in the classroom
III. Teachers also have difficulties concerning their abilities in meeting all
SBA requirements. SBA requires the teachers to assist students in
achieving their own goals individually, without comparing to other
students, which takes a lot of effort from the teachers to achieve that.

3. What is Validity? What is Reliability? What is the

relationship between Validity and Reliability?
(3 marks)

Validity refers to the accuracy of the inferences or interpretations you make

from the test scores. The test is valid when it measures what it supposed to
measure and it is specific to a particular purpose. Reliability refers to the
consistency or stability of the assessments. A test is said to have high
reliability if the test items can be linked with other items to measure
students content mastery. The relationship between Validity and Reliability
can be deduced from a test. A test can be reliable without being valid. On the
other hand, a test cannot be valid unless it is reliable. A test can provide you
with consistent result, making it reliable, but if the test items are not
measuring what it supposed to measure, then the test is not valid.

4. What is inter-rater reliability? How can inter-rater reliability

be improved?

(5 marks)

Inter-rater reliability is the degree of agreements among raters. It determines

the reliability by having a set of judges or raters awarding scores, and the
scores consistent with other raters. If the scores awarded by different judges
are inconsistent, then the reliability is low. Inter- rater reliability can be
improved by having specific scoring guidelines for rendering marks. These
guidelines can help in pertaining reliability for assessments that are
challenging and vague, and also preventing from any biasness from the
judges.
5. What is a Table of Specifications (TOS)? Design a TOS for a 20-
item Multiple Choice test.

(10
marks)

Table of Specification is a plan prepared by a teacher for test construction. It

is also known as test blue print. It is a two way chart that describes the topic
covered by a test, and the number of items allocated for each topic. This TOS
is used to help teachers in preparing a test by ensuring that every topic were
emphasized on, and also provides validity.
 READING COMPREHENSION TEST FORM 2

TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS (TOS)

NO
. ITEMS NO. OF
(BLOOMS KNOWLEDG COMPREHENSION APPLICATION ANALYSIS SYNTHESIS EVALUATION ITEMS
TAXONOMY) E

1. HEALTH Q1 Q2,Q3 Q4 Q5 Q7 Q6 7
2. PEOPLE Q8, Q9 Q10,Q11 Q12 Q13 6
3. ENVIRONMENT Q14,Q15 Q16 Q19 Q17,Q18 Q20 7
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

TOTAL 5 5 3 3 1 3 20
PERCENTAGE (%) 25 25 15 15 5 15 100
PERCENTAGE (%) 50 30 20 100