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TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
PULCHOWK CAMPUS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MSc. Program in Structural Engineering

Thesis Proposal

on

Consideration of Infill Wall in Seismic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Builiding

Thesis proposal submitted by

Sandesh Sagar Tripathi (072/ MSS/ 117)

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE

IN

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Introduction

Nepal is located at the boundary between Indian and Tibetan tectonic plates
and therefore lies in a seismically active region. Historical data evidence the
occurrence of destructive great earthquakes in the past. Mitigation of
earthquake risk associated with the structures can be made only with
adequate assessment of seismic vulnerability associated with the structures.
In Nepal, reinforced concrete (RC) is widely used modern
material of construction. In last few decades RC building construction has
been rapidly increased in Kathmandu valley as well as in other parts of the
country.Masonry Infills are often used to fill the void between the vertical
and horizontal resisting elements of the building frames with the assumption
that these infills will not take part in resisting any kind of load either axial or
lateral ; hence its significance in the analysis of frame is generally
neglected . Moreover non-availability of realistic and simple analytical
model of infill becomes the another hurdle for its conservation in analysis
.Infact ,an infill wall will enhances the considerably the strength and rigidity
of the structure .It has been recognized that frames with infills have more
strength and rigidity in comparison to bared frame and their ignorance has
become the cause of failure of many of the multistoried building .The recent
example in this category is the Gorkha Earthquake on April 25,2015.The
main reason of failure is the stiffening effect of infill frame that changes the
basic behavior of building during earthquake and creates new failure
mechanism.Hence this theisis tries to incorporate such infill wall effects in
the Building analysis
Need of study
Recently Nepal had suffered M 7.8 earthquake on April 25, 2015 struck at
11: 41 am IST (11: 56 am local time) with its epicenter located in Gorkha
district (28.15N 84.7E) in the central Nepal, about 80 km NW of the
Kathmandu. The earthquake caused widespread damage in many residential,
public, religious and cultural heritage buildings. The April 2015 Gorkha
earthquake killed over 8,000 people and injured more than 21,000. A major
aftershock occurred on 12 May 2015 with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.3.
More than 200 people were killed and more than 2,500 were injured by this
aftershock. Over 250,000 buildings were damaged in this quake. The overall
damage of Earthquake is estimated to be at about $10 billion (NPR 10
Kharba), according to the Nepal government. Also it has been seen that the
major loss is due to the damge of building . Many RCC framed building
collapsed especially in Kathmandu Valley. The lack of consideration of infill
wall effect in building was seen one of the burning issue in the building
analysis and design Hence, it is necessary to study the effect of the
consideration of infill wall effect for the safe and earthquake resistant
building to reduce the possible damage in upcoming future

OBJECTIVE
To model the building considering and without considering the infill wall .
To compare the effect of infill wall in the enhancement of strength and
rigidity of the structure .

Literature Review

Hassan, et.al.(1997) developed a objective method of ranking RC low rise


buildings in terms of seismic vulnerability. This method requires only
effective area of columns, effective area of walls and total floor area.

Fig: CI versus WI as per Hassan,et.al.

Asteris, et.al.(2001) This paper classified failure modes of infilled frames both
with and without openings. In case of infilled frames without openings, modes of
failure are the corner crushing, the diagonal compression, the sliding shear, the
diagonal cracking and the frame failure mode. Herecorner crushing, sliding shear
and frame failure modes are predominant for in-plane loading. Diagonal
compression has less chance to occur for inplane load as high slenderness ratio is
required. Literature further explains that even after diagonal cracking it is capable
to take additional load and concludes diagonal cracking not a failure. The failure
pattern in infilled walls with opening are far more complex and this make
modelling of infilled walls with opening difficult.

Haldar, et.al.(2013) Her team studied the various probable modes of failure in RC
frame buildings, with and without URM infills. The comparison of analytical
results with the field and laboratory observations suggests that simulation of infills
using single equivalent strut, eccentrically connected to columns, can realistically
predict the failure modes in infilled frames.

Review of classification of damage to RC buildings:


EMS 98 (1998) classified the damage to RC frame buildings based on the table
below:

Research Methodology
Analytical modelling of all the buildings.
Developing of critical column index as per building eccentricity, etc.

Expected Outcome
CCI will be developed as per buildings eccentricity, etc.

References
Asteris, P., Kakaletsis, D., Chrysostomou. , C., & Smyrou, E. (2011).
Failure Modes of In-filled Frames. Electronic Journal of Structural
Engineering, 11(1).
Haldar, P., Singh, Y., & Paul, D. (2013). Identification of seismic failure
modes of URM infilled RC frame buildings. Engineering Failure
Analysis(33), 97-118.
Hassan, A., & Sozen, M. (1997). Seimic Vulnerability Assessment of
Low- Ruse Buildings in Regions with Infrequent Earthquakes. Structural
Journal, 94.

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