Entanglement

entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov

Entanglement entropy in lattice gauge Quantum

entanglement and
effective IR
theories [ArXiv:0802.4247] degrees of
freedom

Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
Pavel Buividovich (speaker) and Mikhail Polikarpov Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

Entanglement
ITEP, Moscow, and JIPNR, Minsk entropy for
confining gauge
theories
Quarks08 Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Outline entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Quantum entanglement and effective IR degrees of Pavel Buividovich

(speaker) and
freedom Mikhail Polikarpov

Quantum
Quantum entanglement and gravity entanglement and
effective IR
Synthesis of field theory and gravity approaches degrees of
freedom

Quantum
Entanglement entropy for confining gauge theories entanglement and
gravity
Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

Entanglement entropy in lattice gauge theories Entanglement

entropy for
Path integral representation for entanglement entropy confining gauge
theories
UV finite part of entanglement entropy
Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Entanglement entropy at finite temperatures Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy
Conclusions
Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Quantum entanglement and effective IR entropy in lattice
gauge theories
degrees of freedom [ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
I Quantum entanglement has been recently discussed Mikhail Polikarpov

as a probe of IR behavior of lattice field theories Quantum

entanglement and
[Levin04, Cardy05, Velitsky08] effective IR
degrees of
I Quantum entanglement is a "universal order freedom

parameter" for quantum phase transitions [Kitaev et Quantum

entanglement and
al.04, Levin, Wen04] gravity
Synthesis of field theory

I For lattice theories near critical couplings, ground and gravity approaches

Entanglement
state is a strongly entangled quantum superposition entropy for
confining gauge
of elementary lattice degrees of freedom theories

I Away from continuum limit (e.g. strong coupling) Entanglement

entropy in lattice
ground state is almost a direct product gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
I Thus strong quantum entanglement of the ground UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

state is a signature of the emergence of new Entanglement

collective degrees of freedom entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Entanglement entropy entropy in lattice
gauge theories
I What is the measure of a quantum entanglement of [ArXiv:0802.4247]

the vacuum of some QFT? Pavel Buividovich

(speaker) and
I For field theory in (D 1) + 1-dimensional Mikhail Polikarpov

space-time divide the D 1-dimensional space into Quantum

entanglement and
the region A and its complement B effective IR
degrees of
I How much information is lost if all measurements are freedom
restricted to A? Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
Synthesis of field theory
B and gravity approaches

Entanglement
entropy for
A confining gauge
theories

Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Entanglement entropy entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov

Quantum
entanglement and
I This is the entanglement entropy [Srednicki93, effective IR
degrees of
Bernstein96]: freedom

Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
S [A] = Tr A (
A ln A ) Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

Entanglement
I Here A = Tr B |0ih0| is the reduced density matrix entropy for
confining gauge
for the fields within the region A theories

Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Counting degrees of freedom entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov

Quantum
I Entanglement entropy S [A] typically behaves as: entanglement and
effective IR
degrees of
freedom
S [A] = 2UV |A| + Sf [A] Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
I Sf is proportional to the number of effective degrees Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

of freedom (central charge for CFTs) Entanglement

entropy for
[Calabrese,Cardy05] confining gauge
theories
at the scale determined by the size of A Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Counting degrees of freedom entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov

Quantum
entanglement and
If A is a slab of width l, one can define the entropic effective IR
C-function, which is a counter of d.o.f.s at scale l 1 degrees of
freedom
[Takayanagi06]: Quantum
entanglement and
gravity

C (l) = l 3 S (l) Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches
l Entanglement
entropy for
confining gauge
theories

Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
B for entanglement entropy
A UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures
l
Conclusions
 Entanglement
Quantum entanglement and gravity entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov

I Reduction procedure is implemented in nature for Quantum

black holes entanglement and
effective IR
degrees of
I Entanglement entropy = black hole entropy freedom
[Srednicki93, Fursaev06] Quantum
entanglement and
I Black hole entropy is just the area of the horizon: gravity
Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

Entanglement
2
SBH = cmpl entropy for
confining gauge
theories

Entanglement
I where is the horizon area and mpl is the effective entropy in lattice
cutoff scale gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Synthesis of field theory and gravity entropy in lattice
gauge theories
approaches [ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
t Mikhail Polikarpov
I Generalization of
Bekenstein-Hawking formula in Quantum
x entanglement and
AdS/CFT: A
effective IR
degrees of
freedom
AdS3

S [A] = c 0 mpl
2
bulk [A] z
Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
Synthesis of field theory
I bulk [A] is the minimal area of the and gravity approaches

Entanglement
hypersurface in the bulk bounded by entropy for
confining gauge
A theories

I This result is exact for 2D CFT and Entanglement

entropy in lattice
AdS3 [Ryu and Takayanagi06] gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
(a) (b) A entanglement entropy
2l/L
Entanglement
t entropy at finite
A temperatures
A
A Conclusions
 Entanglement
Entanglement entropy for confining gauge entropy in lattice
gauge theories
theories [ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
I Confining gauge theories in 4D are dual to certain Mikhail Polikarpov
5D black hole backgrounds [Witten98, Klebanov02]
Quantum
I There are two extremal surfaces for such entanglement and
effective IR
backgrounds [Klebanov07, Ryu, Takayanagi06] degrees of
freedom
I As the minimal surface changes from A to B , Quantum
entanglement and
entanglement entropy is nonanalytic gravity
Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

Entanglement
entropy for
(a) (b) confining gauge
theories
horizon
Entanglement
A B entropy in lattice
gauge theories
A B Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
boundary temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Phase transition for the entanglement entropy entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
I At some critical size lc of A A (speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov
becomes larger than B
Quantum
I At lc the derivative of the entanglement and
effective IR
entanglement entropy and the degrees of
freedom
entropic C-function are 0.05

Quantum
discontinuous 0
0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
entanglement and
gravity
I Effective number of degrees of -0.05 Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

freedom rapidly drops down in the IR -0.1 Entanglement

entropy for
I Qualitatively this is the transition -0.15 confining gauge
theories
from asymptotic freedom to
Entanglement
confinement entropy in lattice
gauge theories
I Rapid transition implies that in some Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy

sense quarks and hadrons do not UV finite part of

entanglement entropy

coexist Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Entanglement entropy in lattice gauge entropy in lattice
gauge theories
theories [ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov

Quantum
entanglement and
effective IR
degrees of
freedom
I We have tried to detect this stepwise change for
Quantum
entanglement entropy in lattice simulations entanglement and
gravity
I The concept of entanglement entropy is intrinsic for Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

Hamiltonian formulation Entanglement

entropy for
I For lattices we need path-integral formulation confining gauge
theories

Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Path integral representation for entanglement entropy in lattice
gauge theories
entropy [ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov
I Entanglement entropy is related to a set of free
energies on spaces of special topology [Cardy, Quantum
entanglement and
Calabrese04]: effective IR
degrees of
freedom
 
Quantum
S [A] = lim lim F [A, s, T ] F (T ) entanglement and
T 0 s1 s gravity
Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

I Boundary conditions for fields in F [A, s, T ]: Entanglement

entropy for
confining gauge
I Periodic in time with period sT 1 , ~x A theories
I Periodic in time with period T 1 otherwise Entanglement
entropy in lattice
I Such spaces can be realized as gauge theories
Path integral representation
s-sheeted Riemann surfaces [Cardy, Calabrese04] for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy
I The derivation is straightforward once Feynman-Kac Entanglement
formula is remembered entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Boundary conditions for s = 2 entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov

Quantum
entanglement and
effective IR
degrees of
freedom

Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

Entanglement
entropy for
confining gauge
theories

Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Constructing lattices with cuts I entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov

Quantum
entanglement and
effective IR
degrees of
freedom

Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

Entanglement
entropy for
confining gauge
theories

Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Constructing lattices with cuts II entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov

Quantum
entanglement and
effective IR
degrees of
freedom

Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

Entanglement
entropy for
confining gauge
theories

Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Constructing lattices with cuts III entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov

Quantum
entanglement and
effective IR
degrees of
freedom

Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

Entanglement
entropy for
confining gauge
theories

Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
The result: three-sheeted Riemann surface, entropy in lattice
gauge theories
s=3 [ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov

Quantum
entanglement and
effective IR
degrees of
freedom

Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

Entanglement
entropy for
confining gauge
theories

Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Measuring entanglement entropy entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
I Derivative over s is estimated from finite difference Mikhail Polikarpov

  Quantum
lim lim F [A, s, T ] F (T ) entanglement and
T 0 s1 s effective IR
degrees of
lim (F [A, 2, T ] 2F (T )) freedom
T 0 Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
I Measurements of free energy: Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

I Indirect method: Entanglement

entropy for
  confining gauge
X 1 theories
h 1 Tr gp i = F ()
p
2 ln Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
I Direct method [Fodor et al.07]: small differences of for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of

free energies entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Average action density on lattices with cuts entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
20 20
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov
15 15
Quantum
entanglement and
10 10 effective IR
degrees of
freedom
5 5
Quantum
entanglement and
0 0 gravity
0 5 10 15 20 0 5 10 15 20 Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches
18

25 16 Entanglement
entropy for
14 confining gauge
20 theories
12

10 Entanglement
15
entropy in lattice
8 gauge theories
10 Path integral representation
6 for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
4
5 entanglement entropy

2
Entanglement
0 0 entropy at finite
0 5 10 15 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
UV divergent part of entanglement entropy entropy in lattice
gauge theories
I Branching points cover the surface with total area [ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
= sNL2 a2 Mikhail Polikarpov

Quantum
I Total action excess is: entanglement and
effective IR
degrees of
S sa2 |A| freedom

Quantum
entanglement and
I Hence entanglement entropy is gravity
Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches
2
S [A] a |A| Entanglement
entropy for
confining gauge
0.07
theories
s=2
s=3
0.065 Entanglement
0.06 entropy in lattice
< (1 - 1/2 tr gp)>

0.055 gauge theories

Path integral representation
0.05 for entanglement entropy
0.045 UV finite part of
entanglement entropy
0.04

0.035 Entanglement
0.03 entropy at finite
0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 temperatures
a, fm
Conclusions
 Entanglement
UV finite part of entanglement entropy entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov

Quantum
I We have extracted the derivative of entanglement entanglement and
effective IR
entropy from finite differences: degrees of
freedom

Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
(F (l + 1, 2, T ) 2F (T )) (F (l, 2, T ) 2F (T )) = Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

= F (l + 1, 2, T ) F (l, 2, T ) Entanglement
entropy for
confining gauge
theories
I l was varied both by changing a and a1 l
Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Derivative of entanglement entropy entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov
35
a = 0.085 fm Quantum
a = 0.10 fm entanglement and
30 a = 0.11 fm effective IR
a = 0.12 fm degrees of
1/|dA| dSf(l)/dl, fm-3

25 a = 0.14 fm freedom
C l-3 fit Quantum
20 entanglement and
gravity
Synthesis of field theory
15 and gravity approaches

Entanglement
10 entropy for
confining gauge
theories
5
Entanglement
0 entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
l, fm entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Discontinuity of derivative entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov
5
a = 0.10 fm Quantum
a = 0.11 fm entanglement and
4 a = 0.12 fm effective IR
a = 0.14 fm degrees of
1/|dA| dSf(l)/dl, fm-3

freedom
3 Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
2 Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

Entanglement
1 entropy for
confining gauge
theories
0
Entanglement
entropy in lattice
-1 gauge theories
Path integral representation
0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
l, fm entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Entropic C-function entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov
5
Quantum
4 entanglement and
effective IR
degrees of
1/|dA| l3 dSf(l)/dl

freedom
3
Quantum
entanglement and
2 gravity
Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

1 Entanglement
entropy for
confining gauge
0 theories

Entanglement
entropy in lattice
-1 gauge theories
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
l, fm UV finite part of

This is a signature of second-order phase transition entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Entanglement entropy at finite temperatures entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov
I Consider theory at T > Tc but T /2 < Tc
I l = 0 - two systems at temperature T , deconfinement Quantum
entanglement and
I l - theory at temperature T /2, confinement effective IR
degrees of
I How sharp is the transition between two phases? freedom

Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

Entanglement
entropy for
confining gauge
theories

Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Expectation values of Polyakov line vs l entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov

0.3
Quantum
entanglement and
0.25 effective IR
degrees of
freedom
0.2
Quantum
entanglement and
0.15 gravity
<P>

Synthesis of field theory

and gravity approaches
0.1
Entanglement
entropy for
0.05 confining gauge
theories

0 Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
-0.05 Path integral representation
0.5 1 1.5 2 for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
l, fm entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Line of phase transitions in the l T plane entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
I Above Tc different measures of entanglement give (speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov
different transition points
Quantum
I This looks like a crossover entanglement and
effective IR
I Below Tc lc slowly increases with T degrees of
freedom

Quantum
entanglement and
gravity
Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches

Entanglement
entropy for
confining gauge
theories

Entanglement
entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions
 Entanglement
Conclusions entropy in lattice
gauge theories
[ArXiv:0802.4247]

Pavel Buividovich
(speaker) and
Mikhail Polikarpov

I We confirm basic properties of entanglement Quantum

entanglement and
entropy, valid for all local field theories effective IR
degrees of
I Quadratic divergence freedom
I l 2 behavior at small distances Quantum
entanglement and
I Highly nontrivial property: discontinuity of derivative gravity
Synthesis of field theory
and gravity approaches
I This prediction was first made from AdS/CFT
Entanglement
[Klebanov et al.07, Takayanagi06] entropy for
confining gauge
I For nonzero temperatures there are still no theories

Entanglement
theoretical predictions! entropy in lattice
gauge theories
Path integral representation
for entanglement entropy
UV finite part of
entanglement entropy

Entanglement
entropy at finite
temperatures

Conclusions