4/14/2017 ThreeWindingTransformerData

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ThreeWindingTransformerData
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ThreeWindingTransformerData

Thisdialogboxincludesthefollowingareasandtabs:
ConnectionInformation
Speci ications
Impedance
TCC
LTC(LoadTapChanger)
Harmonics
ImportedData
Comments
Hyperlinks

Figure1:ThreeWindingTransformerDataDialogBox

ConnectionInformation
Unit:ChooseeitherU.S.orMetric.
IDName:Uniquelyidenti iesthetransformer.ThisIDnameissometimesreferredtoasthetransformername,andcanbeupto
12characterslong.ThenamesdefaulttoTW1,TW2,TW3,andsoonasyouenternewtransformersontheonelinediagram,
butyoucanchangethosenamesifneeded.
PrimaryBus:Thebusthatisconnectedtothemaintransformerwinding,orthelargestMVAwinding.Thisbusmustalready
existontheoneline.YoumustbecarefulthatthePrimaryBushasapproximatelythesamebasekVasthetransformer's

PrimaryRatedkV.(However,EasyPowercanmodelanyoffnominalkVrating.)Forreference,thePrimaryBusbasekVis
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PrimaryRatedkV.(However,EasyPowercanmodelanyoffnominalkVrating.)Forreference,thePrimaryBusbasekVis
displayednexttothebusname.
SecondaryBus:Thebusthatisconnectedtothesecondarytransformerwinding.Thisbusmustalreadyexistontheoneline.
YoumustbecarefulthattheSecondaryBushasapproximatelythesamebasekVasthetransformer'sSecondaryRatedkV.
(However,EasyPowercanmodelanyoffnominalkVrating.)Forreference,theSecondaryBusbasekVisdisplayednexttothe
busname.
TertiaryBus:Thebusthatisconnectedtothetertiarytransformerwinding.Thisbusmustalreadyexistontheoneline.You
mustbecarefulthattheTertiaryBushasapproximatelythesamebasekVasthetransformer'sTertiaryRatedkV.(However,
EasyPowercanmodelanyoffnominalkVrating.)Forreference,theTertiaryBusbasekVisdisplayednexttothebusname.
Conn:Thetransformerwindingconnectiontype,whichiseither"Delta"(D),"WyeUngrounded"(Y),or"WyeGrounded"(YG).
If"WyeGrounded"isselected,groundingimpedancescanbeenteredontheImpedancetabintheGroundingsection.

Speciications
Type:Typeoftransformer(oil,gas,dry,silicone,orvapor).This ieldisusedtodeterminetheratingcapacityofthe
transformerforthepower lowoverloadsolution.
Class:Typeofcoolingusedbythetransformer.Variouscombinationsofforcedair,waterandforcedoilareavailable.This ield
isusedtodeterminetheratingcapacityofthetransformerforthepower lowoverloadsolution.
Temp:ANSItemperatureratingofthetransformer.Variouscombinationscanbechosenandaredependentuponthetypeof
transformer.Dualratingssuchas55/65increasetheoverloadcapabilityofthetransformerby12percent.
Form:Eithercoreorshelltypetransformerscanbeselected.Thisvalueisforreferenceonlyanddoesnotaffectanalysis.

WindingInformation
RatedkV:RatedkVofawinding.TheratedkVcanbedifferentthanthebasekVorthetapkV.EasyPowerautomaticallyadjusts
themodeltoaccountfordifferenttaps,turnsratioandbasesyouchoose.
TapkV/Tap%:TapkVofawinding.YoucanalsospecifythetapkVintermsofpercentageoftheratedvalue.Iftheactualtap
kVisnotknown,entertheratedkV.Loadtapchangercontrolcanbeusedtodetermine inaltapsettingsifdesired.EasyPower
automaticallyadjuststhemodeltoaccountfordifferenttaps,turnsratioandbasesyouselect.
MVA/kVA:Selfcooledratingofthetransformer.UsetoselecttheunitinMVAorkVA.
MVAOL:Theoverloadratingisbasedonthetemperatureandclassratings.Itis illedinusingtheCalculatebuttonoryoucan
typeinadifferentrating.

Impedance
TransformerimpedanceisinpercentontheselfcooledMVAofthewindingandnominalvoltagerating.Thestrictde initionis
thepercentofratedvoltageimpressedonthehighvoltagewindingtoproduceratedfullloadcurrentintheshortcircuitedlow
voltagewinding.
Inthisdialogbox,ZpsstandsforPrimarytoSecondary,ZptstandsforPrimarytoTertiary,andZststandsforSecondaryto
Tertiary.
Manufacturersprovideimpedancedatainmanydifferentformatsdependingonthetestfacilityandtransformersize.Thedata
entryformatforEasyPowerwaschosenfromoneofthemostcommontestingprocedures.
YoucanspecifytheimpedancesinanyMVAbase:theprimary,secondary,ortertiary.

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Figure2:ImpedancetabofThreeWindingTransformerDataDialogBox
R1:Positivesequencewindingresistanceinpercent.
X1:Positivesequencewindingleakagereactanceinpercent.
R0,X0:Zerosequencewindingleakageimpedanceinpercent.Ifyoudon'tknowthisvalue,enterthepositivesequence
impedance(Z)forshelltransformers(seetheForm ieldonthetransformer'smaindialogbox).Forcoretransformers,use
approximately85%ofZ.Ifyouenterthisvalueaszero(0.0),thepositivesequenceimpedanceisbeused.
MVABase:ThewindingMVAbaseduponwhichthepercentimpedancevalueisspeci ied.

Grounding
UsetheGroundingareaoftheImpedancetabtoentergroundingimpedances.Theyonlyapplytowyegroundedconnections.
TheunitsareR+jXinohms.Ifyouonlyknowthegroundamperesofthecircuit,dividethelinetoneutralvoltageofthecircuit
bytheamperestogettheimpedance.ThiscanbeachievedinEasyPowerbyenteringtheAmpClass irstandthenclicking
Calculate.
R:Transformerneutralgroundresistanceinohms.Thisisthemostcommonmethodofgroundingthetransformerneutral
winding.Groundingresistorsareusuallygiveninamperes.Theimpedanceisfoundfromthefollowingequation.
R=Vln/I
Ifthetransformerisgroundedthroughagroundingtransformerwithasecondaryresistance,thisresistancemustbeconverted
totheprimarywinding.Onlywyegroundedtransformersaremodeledwithgrounds.Midorcornertappeddeltawindingsare
notmodeled.
jX:Transformerneutralgroundreactanceinohms.
AmpClass:Thisisthecurrentinampsthroughthegroundimpedanceattheratedvoltage.Youcanenterdatainthis ield
directlyinAmpsorcalculateitbasedonthevoltageandgroundimpedanceR+jXusingtheCalculatebutton

TCC

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Figure3:TCCTabforThreeWindingTransformerDataDialogBox
Plot100%WithstandTCC:Selectthischeckboxtoplottransformerdamagecurvefor100%withstand.Thisiswithouttaking
intoconsiderationthederatingfactorforwindingconnectiontypeandthetypeoffault.
PlotUnbalancedDerating(58%or87%)TCC:Selectthischeckboxtoplottransformerdamagecurvetakinginto
considerationthederatingfactorforwindingconnectiontypeandthetypeoffault.Thetransformercurveshiftsleftby58%or
87%dependingontheconnectiontype.
UseFrequentFaultCurve(s):SelectthischeckboxtoplotthetransformerdamagecurvesasCategoryIItoIV(thermaland
mechanicalwithstand)forfrequentlyoccurringfaults.Thecurveshiftstowardstheleftdependinguponthetransformer
impedance.
Standard:Thestandardaccordingtowhichthecurveisplotted.
MaximumPlotTime:Themaximumtimeinsecondsforwhichthetransformerdamagecurveisplotted.
FLAx:Magnetizinginrushcurrentasmultiplesoffullloadampsfortheprimarywinding.
Cycles:Timetakenbymagnetizinginrushcurrentintermsofnumberofcycles.
FLABasedon:Calculationbasisforfullloadamps.MVAO/LisMVAcapacityforoverloadandRatedMVAisselfcooled
capacity.
PlotSide:Thesideoftransformerforwhichtheshortcircuitwithstandisplotted.ShortcircuitisappliedonSecondaryor
Tertiaryside.Theprimarylinecurrentisshownintheplot.
AutoCoordinationSetting:Specifywhethertheprotectivedeviceisaccessibleonlytoquali iedpersonnel(supervised)or
unsupervised.ThisaffectstheprotectivedevicesettingsbasedonNECrules.
ZSystem:Whileplottingthetransformerdamagecurve,typicalpracticeassumesin initesource(zerosystemimpedance)on
theupstreamsideofthetransformer.Youcanincludetheupstreamsystemimpedancetolowerthemaximumfaultcurrentthat
thetransformersees.ThesystemimpedancemustbeconvertedtoperunitimpedanceonthetransformerMVAbase.

LTC(LoadTapChanger)

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Figure4:LTCtabofThreeWindingTransformerDataDialogBox
Tap:Loadtapchangers(LTC)canbeplacedononeortwowindingsofathreewindingtransformer.Anycombinationof
primary,secondaryortertiaryisallowed,providedthattheydonotspecifythesamewinding.Also,ifonlyoneLTCisused,it
mustbeLTC#1.IfthetransformerdoesnothaveanLTC,selectNoneforstandard ixedtaps.Fixedoffnominaltapscanbe
enteredinthemaindialog'sTapkV ield.
StepSize:Thedefaultis0.625butyoucantypeinyourownpercentagestepsizebothhereandinthepower lowthree
windingtransformertemporarydialogbox.
MinTapkV:MinimumtapkVisusedtodeterminethebottomlimittowhichthetapcanbeadjustedduringapower low
analysis.Thisvalueshouldbethelowesttaponthetransformertogetmeaningfulresults.Thedefaultof0.12kVisnotrealistic
andshouldbechangedtotheactualvaluesiftheLTCisused.
MaxTapkV:MaximumtapkV,whichisusedtodeterminetheupperlimitthatthetapcanbeadjustedtoduringapower low
analysis.Thisvalueshouldbethehighesttaponthetransformertogetmeaningfulresults.Thedefaultof1500kVisnot
realisticandshouldbechangedtotheactualvaluesiftheLTCisused.
ControlValue(CtrlValue):Controlvalue,whichisdeterminedbytheControlType ield.
Voltage:Thecontrolvalueshouldbeenteredinperunitvoltage.Atypicalrangewouldbe.9751.01perunit,with1.0
perunitasastartingpoint.
MVAR:ThevalueshouldbeenterinactualMVARratherthanadjustedperunit.TodeterminewhatMVARrangeis
appropriateforagiventransformersize,determinetheMVAR lowwithoutusinganLTCthenmultiplyby.9751.01for
anapproximatestartingplace.LTCcontrolismuchmorelimitedinstrengthandrangethanlargegeneratorcontrol.

ControlType:DetermineshowtheLTCmodelisused.
Voltage:TheLTCattemptstocontrolthevoltageofthebusonthesamesideoftheLTC.Forexample,ifLTCsareselected
onboththesecondaryandtertiarysides,voltageiscontrolledatthosebuses.Thisworkswellifthesecondaryand
tertiarysidesareloadbusesasiscommonforsplitwindingtransformers.However,iftheprimarysideisselectedforthe
LTCandthesecondaryandtertiarysidesareloadbuses,theprimaryside(sourceside)cannotcontroltheloadbus
voltage.Forthistypeofsystemstandard, ixedtapsworkswell.
MVAR:TheLTCattemptstocontroltheMVAR lowthroughthetransformertoagivenvalue.

Harmonics

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UsetheHarmonicstabtoindicatewhetherthisequipmentitemisintroducingharmonicsintoyourpowersystem.

ResistanceFactor
EasyPowerofferstwomethodsforcalculatingRH:

Resistancevaryingwithapoweroftheharmonic(REXP):

RH=RFund*HREXP

Resistancevaryingwithapercenteddycurrentfactor(%ECF):

RH=RFund*(1+ECF*H2)/(1+ECF)

EasyPowerdefaultsallskineffectcorrectiontoREXPandavalueof0.5.

REXP %ECF

Transformer 0.51.0 1.03.0

Utility 0.00.8

Generator 0.30.6

Line/Cable 0.5

Reactor 0.51.0 0.83.0

Motor 0.20.4

TypicalResistanceCorrection
Factors

FundamentalAmps
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FundamentalAmps
Usetosetthefundamentalamps.Theoptionsareasfollows:
EquipmentRatingsetsFundmAmpstotheequipmentratingoftheitemdescribedintheSpeciicationstab.
UserSpeciiedactivatestheFundmAmps ield,enablingyoutospecifyavalue.

Tousefundamentalcurrentcalculatedbypower low,selectCalculatedfromPowerFlowintheSummationFundamental
VoltageareaoftheHarmonicsOptions>Controldialogbox.
Forthreewindingtransformers,theoptionsare:
PriFundmAmps:Calculatedratedampsontheprimaryside.
SecFundmAmps:Calculatedratedampsonthesecondaryside.
TerFundmAmps:Calculatedratedampsonthetertiaryside.

RatedEddyLoss
Ratededdycurrentloss,Pecr:EddycurrentlossunderratedconditionsexpressedasapercentageofratedI2Rloss.

ImportedData
ThistabisreadonlyandappearsonlyifyouhaveimporteddatafromanSKMDataFormat ile.SeeImportinganSKMFormat
Fileformoreinformation.

Comments
SeeCommentsforinformation.

Hyperlinks
SeeHyperlinksforinformation.

MoreInformation
DatabaseTechnicalReference
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(503)6555059 Helpwaslastupdatedon8/26/2014

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