ANALOG ELECTRONICS

TITLE:
TO MEASURE CMRR AND PSRR OF GIVEN OP-AMP.

EXPERIMENT DATE :

AIM:

To measure CMRR and PSRR of given op-amp.

APPARATUS:

IC741
CONNECTING CORDS
POWER SUPPLY
FUNCTION GENERATOR
C.R.O.

THEORY:

OP-AMP INPUT MODES AND CMRR

In op-amp, a number of input signal combinations are possible:

If an input signal is applied to either input with the other input connected to ground, the
operation is referred to as single ended.
If two opposite polarity input signals are applied, the operation in referred to as double ended.
If the same input is applied to both inputs, the operation is called common mode.

Figure. 1: Ideal Differential Amplifier

Differential gain, Ad
V1 and V2 are the two input signals and Vo is the output. In an ideal op-amp, Vo is proportional to the
difference between the two signal voltages. Where Ad is the constant of proportionality. Ad is the
gain with which differential amplifier the

V (V1 V2 )
We can write,
V A (V1 V2 )

Ad is called differential gain of the differential amplifier. The difference between the two inputs, V1
V2 is generally called difference voltage and denoted as Vd.
V = A V

Hence, the differential gain can be expressed as

 V
A =
V

Common mode gain, AC

If we apply two input voltages which are equal in all respects to the differential amplifier, i.e., if
V1=V2, then ideally the output voltage, VO = Ad(V1-V2) must be zero. But the output voltage of the
practical differential amplifier not only depends on the difference voltages, but also depends on the
average common level of the two inputs. Such an average level of the two input signals is called
common mode signal denoted as VC.

A (V1 + V2 )
V =
2

Practically, the differential amplifier produces the output voltage proportional to such common mode
signal, also. The gain with which it amplifier the common mode signal to produce the output is
called as common mode gain of the differential amplifier denoted as Ac.

V = A V

So the total output of any differential amplifier can be expressed as

V = A V + A V

Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)

In an ideal different amplifier, Ad is infinite while Ac must be zero. However, in a practical

differential amplifier; Ad is very large and Ac is very small. ie., the differential amplifier provides
very large amplification for difference signals and very small amplification for common mode
signals.

Many disturbance signals/noise signals appear as a common input signal to both the input terminals
of the differential amplifier. Such a common signal should be rejected by the differential amplifier.
The ability of a differential amplifier to reject a common-mode signal is expressed by a ration
called Common Mode Rejection Ratio, denoted as CMRR.

CMRR is defined as the ratio of the differential voltage gain Ad to common mode voltage gain Ac.

CMRR =

Ideally AC is zero. Hence, the ideal value of CMRR is .

POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (PSRR):

The change in an OPAMP input offset voltage caused by variation in the supply voltage is called
power supply rejection ratio (PSRR). It is also known as Supply Voltage Rejection Ratio (SVRR) or
Power Supply Sensitivity (PSS). PSRR is expressed as:

=

Where,
 =
And = .
PSRR is expressed either in Micro volts per volt or in dB. The value of PSRR should be ideally zero
and Practically it should be as small as possible. Typical value for IC741 is 150 V/V.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit in Differential mode configuration and provide necessary supply of +Vcc and
Vcc.
2. Apply differential voltage V1 and V2 and calculate differential Gain Ad.
3. Connect the circuit in Common mode configuration and provide necessary supply of +Vcc and
Vcc.
4. Apply Common mode voltage V1 and V2 and calculate common mode Gain Ac.
5. Now using formula of above calculate CMRR.
6. Similarly by calculating and calculate PSRR.

CALCULATION:

OBSEVATION TABLE
Sr. Quantity Value
no
1 CMRR

2 PSRR

CONCLUSION:

LAB-INCHARGE H.O.D