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Ti liu LTH mn ha hc nm 2012 - 2013 Lu hnh ni b
S GIO DC & O TO NNG

TRUNG TM LTH H S PHM
L THUYT V BI TP
LTH HA HC TP 1
I CNG HU C - HIROCACBON
ANCOL PHENOL - ANDEHIT - AXIT HU C
Ti liu ny ca HS :..
Lp :..
Nng nm 2011
GV Hunh Phc Hi - HSPN -1- Cell phone: 0935228284
BI 1: I CNG V HA HU C
I. Mt s khi nim
- Hp cht hu c
- c im chung ca HCHC :
+ Thnh phn v cu to : Hp cht hu c nht thit phi cha cacbon. Cc nguyn t
cacbon thng lin kt vi nhau ng thi lin kt vi nguyn t ca cc nguyn t khc nh
H, O, N, S, P, halogen,... Lin kt ho hc cc hp cht hu c thng l lin kt cng ho
tr.
+ V tnh cht vt l : Cc hp cht hu c thng c nhit nng chy, nhit si
thp (d bay hi) v thng khng tan hoc t tan trong nc, nhng tan trong dung mi hu
c.
+ V tnh cht ho hc : a s cc hp cht hu c khi b t th chy, chng km bn
vi nhit nn d b phn hu bi nhit. Phn ng ca cc hp cht hu c thng xy ra chm,
khng hon ton, khng theo mt hng nht nh, thng cn un nng hoc cn c xc tc.
- Phng php tch, tinh ch hp cht hu c
+ Chng ct
+ Chit
+ Kt tinh
II. Phn loi v danh php
1. Phn loi
- Hirocacbon
- Dn xut ca hirocacbon
2. Danh php
a) Tn thng thng
b) Tn h thng
- Tn gc chc : tn phn gc + tn phn nh chc
- Tn thay th :
Tn thay th Tn phn th Tn mch cacbon chnh Tn phn nh chc
(c th khng c) (bt buc phi c) (bt buc phi c)

S m Mch cacbon chnh
1 mono C met
2 i C-C et
3 tri C-C-C prop Khng xut pht t
4 tetra C-C-C-C but s m
5 penta C-C-C-C-C pent
6 hexa C-C-C-C-C-C hex
7 hepta C-C-C-C-C-C-C hep
8 octa C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C oct Xut pht t s m
9 nona C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C non
10 eca C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C ec
BI TP I CNG V HA HU C
Cu 1. Ankan X c cng thc cu to :
Tn gi ca X l
A. 2isopropylbutan B. 3isopropylbutan
C. 2,3imetylpentan D. 3,4imetylpentan
Cu 2 : Hp cht CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH=CH2 c tn gi l
A. 3,4imetylpent1en B. 2,3imetylpent4en
C. 3,4imetylpent2en D. 2,3imetylpent1en
Cu 3 : Trng hp no sau y c cng thc cu to khng ng vi tn gi cho ?
CH2CH3
CH3CHCH2CH2CH3 CH3CHCHCH2CH3
A. CH3 B. CH3
Isopentan 3-etyl-2-metylpentan
CH3 CH3
CH3CHCH3 CH3CH2CHCH2CH3
C. CH3 D. CH3
neopentan 3,3-ietylpentan
Cu 4 : Hp cht hu c X c cng thc C4H9Br. un hn hp gm X, KOH v ancol etylic

thy ch to ra but1en. Tn gi ca X l
A. 1brombutan B. 2brombutan
C. 1brom2metylpropan D. 2brom2metylpropan
Cu 5 : Hp cht hu c X c cng thc cu to : CH2=CHOCOCH3. Tn gi ca X l

A. metyl acrylat B. vinyl axetat
C. vinyl fomat D. anlyl fomat
Cu 6 : Amin (CH3)2CH-NH-CH3 c tn gi l
A. N-metylpropan-2-amin B. N-metylisopropylamin
C. metylpropylamin D. N-metyl-2-metyletanamin
Cu 7 : Amin CH3-NH-C2H5 c tn gi gc - chc l
A. propan-2-amin B. etyl metyl amin
C. metyletylamin D. etylmetylamin
Cu 8 : Tn gi no sau y khng ng vi cht c cng thc CH3CH(NH2)COOH?
A. axit 2-aminopropanoic B. axit -aminopropionic
C. axit -aminopropanoic D. alanin
Cu 9 : Tn thay th ca cht c cu to CH3CHClCH3 l
A. 2-clopropan B. propyl clorua
C. propylclorua D. 2-clo propan
Cu 1 0 : Tn gi ca C6H5-NH-CH3 l
A. metylphenylamin. B. N-metylanilin.
C. N-metylbenzenamin. D. c A, B, C u ng.
Cu 11 : Tn gi ca cht CH3 CH CH CH3 l
C2H5 CH3
A. 2-etyl-3-metylbutan. B. 3-etyl-2-metylbutan.
C. 2,3-imetylpentan. D. 2,3-imetylbutan.
Cu 12 : Tn gi ca cht hu c X c CTCT :
C2H5
|
CH3 C CH2 CH CH2 CH3 L :
| |
CH3 CH3
A. 2-metyl-2,4-ietylhexan C. 5-etyl-3,3-imetylheptan
B. 2,4-ietyl-2-metylhexan D. 3-etyl-5,5-imetylheptan
Cu 13 : Trong cc cht di y, cht no c gi tn l ivinyl ?
A. CH2 = C = CH-CH3 B. CH2 = CH-CH = CH2
C. CH2-CH-CH2 -CH = CH2 D. CH2 = CH - CH = CH - CH3
CH3
|
Cu 14 : Cht CH3 C C CH c tn gi l ?
|
CH 3
A. 2,2-imetylbut-1-in B. 2,2-imeylbut-3-in
C. 3,3-imeylbut-1-in D. 3,3-imeylbut-2-in
Cu 15 :
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
Cht c tn l g ?
CH3
CH2 CH3
A. 1-butyl-3-metyl-4-etylbenzen. B. 1-butyl-4-etyl-3-metylbenzen.
C. 1-etyl-2-metyl-4-butylbenzen. D. 4-butyl-1-etyl-2-metylbenzen.
Cu 16 : Cht CH 3 CH CH 2 COOH tn gi l :
|
CH3
A. Axit 2-metylpropanoic B. Axit 2-metylbutanoic

C. Axit 3-metylbuta-1-oic D. Axit 3-metylbutanoic.
Cu 17 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php thay th ?
OHC -CH 2 - CH -CH 2 - CH = CH - CHO
|
CH3
A. 5-metylhep-2-en-1,7-dial B. iso-octen-5-dial
C. 3-metylhep-5-en-1,7-dial D. iso-octen-2-dial
Cu 18 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php thay th :
CH3 - CH CH 2 - CH - COOH
| |
C 2 H5 C 2 H5
A. 2,4-ietylpentanoic B. 2-metyl-4-etylhexanoic
C. 2-etyl-4-metylhexanoic D. 4-metyl-2-etylhexanoic
Cu 19 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php gc chc.
CH3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N CH 2 CH 3
|
CH3
A. Etylmetylaminobutan C. butyletylmetylamin
B. etylmetylbutylamin D. metyletylbutylamin
Cu 20 : Gi tn hp cht c CTCT nh sau theo danh php thng thng :
A. 1-amino-3-metyl benzen. C. m-toludin.

B. m-metylanilin. D. C B, C.
Cu 21 Nhng phn t no sau y c th c phn ng trng hp: 1. CH2=CH2 2. CH CH;
3. CH2=CHCl; 4. CH3-CH3
A. 1, 3. B. 3, 2. C. 1, 2, 3, 4. D. 1, 2, 3
Cu 22: Hp cht n chc:
A. L hp cht hu c c mt loi nhm chc.
B. L hp cht hu c c t hai nhm chc cng loi tr ln.
C. L hp cht hu c ch c mt nhm chc.
D. L hp cht hu c ch c mt loi nhm chc v c t hai nhm chc tr ln.
Cu 23 ng phn :
A. L nhng cht hu c khc nhau v s phn b cc nguyn t trong khng gian.
B. L nhng cht hu c c cng cng thc tng qut nhng khc nhau v cng thc cu
to.
C. L nhng cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t nhng khc nhau cng thc cu to
nn tnh cht khc nhau.
D. L nhng cht c cu to tng t nhau nhng thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt
hay nhiu nhm (-CH2-).
Cu 24 Hp cht a chc:
A. L nhng cht hu c c t hai nhm chc cng loi tr ln.
B. L hp cht hu c ch c mt loi nhm chc vi s lng nhm t hai tr ln.
C. L hp cht hu c c t hai nhm chc khc loi tr ln.
D. L hp cht hu c ch c mt nhm chc.
Cu 25 Hp cht tp chc:
A. L hp cht hu c c t hai loi nhm chc tr ln.
B. L hp cht hu c c t hai nhm chc tr ln.
C. L hp cht hu c c nhiu nhm chc.
D. L hp cht hu c c hai nhm chc.
Cu 26 Hp cht a chc v hp cht tp chc ging nhau ch:
A. u l hp cht c nhiu nhm chc.
B. u l hp cht cha cc nhm chc ging nhau.
C. Phn t lun c lin kt .
D. Mch cacbon trong phn t c lin kt .
Cu 27 Nhit si ca ancol etylic (1), ancol metylic (2), axeton (3) dimetyl ete (4) xp theo
trt t gim dn l:
A. (1) > (2) > (3) > (4) B. (1) > (2) > (4) > (3)
C. (1) > (3) > (4) > (2) D. (4) > (3) > (2) > (1)
Cu 28 Ancol etylic (1), etyl bromua (2) v etan (3), trt t v tan trong nc gim dn l:
A. (1), (3), (2) B. (1), (2), (3) C. (3), (2), (1) D. (2), (1), (3)
Cu 29 So snh nhit si ca cc cht sau ancol etylic (1) , etyl clorua (2), ietyl ete (3)
v axit axetic (4) ta c:
A. (1 ) > (2) > (3) > (4) B. (4) > (3) > (2) > (1 )
C. (4) > (1) > (3) > (2) D. (1) > (2) > (3) > (4)
Cu 30 Sp xp cc cht sau y theo trnh t tng dn nhit si: CH3COOH (1),
HCOOCH3 (2), CH3CH2COOH (3), CH3COOCH3 (4), CH3CH2CH2OH (5)
A. (3) > (5) > (1 ) > (2) > (4) B. (1 ) > (3) > (4) > (5) > (2)
C. (3) > (1) > (4) > (5) > (2) D. (3) > (1) > (5) > (4) > (2)
Cu 31 Anehit axetic c nhit si thp (toS = 21oC) l v :
A. C lin kt hiro gia cc phn t andehyt.
B. Anehit axetic c khi lng phn t nh.
C. Lin kt =C=O trong CHO b phn cc.
D. Anehit axetic c phn t khi thp v khng c lin kt hiro.
Cu 32 Sp xp cc hp cht: CH3COOH, C2H5OH v C6H5OH theo th t tnh axit tng
dn. Trng hp no sau y ng?
A. C2H5OH < CH3COOH < C6H5OH B. C6H5OH < CH3COOH < C2H5OH
C. CH3COOH < C6H5OH < C2H5OH D. C2H5OH < C6H5OH < CH3COOH
HIROCACBON MCH H
I - ANKAN
1. Tnh cht vt l
Ankan Cng thc Cn t nc ,oC ts ,o C Khi lng ring (g/cm3)

Metan CH4 C1 -183 -162 0,415 (-164C)
Etan CH3CH3 C2 -183 -89 0,561 (-100C)
Propan CH3CH2CH3 C3 -188 -42 0,585 (-45C)
Butan CH3 [CH2]2CH3 C4 -158 -0,5 0,600 ( 0C)
Pentan CH3 [CH2]3CH3 C5 -130 36 0,626 (20C )
Hexan CH3 [CH2]4CH3 C6 -95 69 0,660 (20C )
Heptan CH3 [CH2]5CH3 C7 -91 98 0,684 (20C )
Octan CH3 [CH2]6CH3 C8 -57 126 0,703 (20C )
Nonan CH3 [CH2]7CH3 C9 -54 151 0,718 (20C )
ekan CH3 [CH2]8CH3 C10 -30 174 0,730 (20C )
Icosan CH3 [CH2]18CH3 C20 37 343 0,778 (20C )

2.Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng th
Khi chiu sng hoc t nng hn hp metan v clo s xy ra phn ng th ln lt cc nguyn t
hiro bng clo :
CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl
metyl clorua (clometan)
CH3Cl + Cl2 CH2Cl2 + HCl
metylen clorua (iclometan)
CH2Cl2 + Cl2 CHCl3 + HCl
clorofom (triclometan)
CHCl3 + Cl2 CCl4 + HCl
cacbon tetraclorua (tetraclometan)
Cc ng ng ca metan cng tham gia phn ng th tng t metan. Th d :
Cl2 ,as.
CH3 -CH2 -CH3 o
CH3 -CHCl -CH3 + CH3 -CH2-CH2-Cl + HCl
25 C
2-clopropan, 57% 1-clopropan, 43%
Br2 ,as.
CH3 -CH2 -CH3
o
CH3 -CHBr -CH3 + CH3-CH2-CH2-Br + HBr
25 C
97% (chnh) 3% (ph)
Phn ng th H bng halogen thuc loi phn ng halogen ho, sn phm hu c c cha
halogen gi l dn xut halogen.
Clo th H cacbon cc bc khc nhau. Brom hu nh ch th cho H cacbon bc cao. Flo phn
ng mnh lit nn phn hu ankan thnh C v HF. Iot qu yu nn khng phn ng vi ankan.
b. Phn ng tch (gy lin kt C - C v C - H)

o
500 C,xt
CH3 - CH3 CH2 = CH2 + H2
CH3CH=CHCH3 + H2
500 o C, xt
CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH=CH2 + CH4
CH2=CH2 + CH3CH3
c. Phn ng oxi ho
Khi t, cc ankan b chy to ra CO2, H2O v to nhiu nhit :
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O ; H 890 kJ
3n 1
CnH2n+2 + O2 n CO2 + (n + 1) H2O
2
Khi c xc tc, nhit thch hp, ankan b oxi ho khng hon ton to thnh dn xut cha
oxi, th d :
o
t ,xt
CH4 + O2 HCH = O + H2O
II - ANKEN
1. Tnh cht vt l
Anken Cu to tnc,C ts, C D, g/cm3
Eten (etilen) CH2 = CH2 - 169 - 104 0,57 (-110oC)
Propen CH2 = CHCH3 - 186 - 47 0,61 (- 50oC)
But-1-en CH2 = CHCH2CH 3 - 130 -6 0,63 (- 6oC)
2-Metylpropen CH2 = C(CH3)2 - 141 -7 0,63 (- 7oC)
Pent-1-en CH 2 = CHCH2CH 2CH3 - 165 30 0,64 (200C)
cis -Pent-2-en cis-CH3CH = CHC2H5 - 151 37 0,66 (20oC)
trans -Pent-2-en trans-CH3CH = CHC2H5 - 140 36 0,65 (20oC)
Hex-1-en CH2 = CH[CH2]3CH3 - 140 64 0,68 (20oC)
Hept-1-en CH2 = CH[CH2]4CH3 - 119 93 0,70 (20oC)
Oct-1-en CH2 = CH[CH2]5CH3 - 102 122 0,72 (20oC)
Non-1-en CH2 = CH[CH2]6CH3 - 146 0,73 (20oC)
ek-1-en CH2 = CH[CH2]7CH3 - 87 171 0,74 (20oC)
2. Tnh cht vt l
a. Phn ng cng hiro (phn ng hiro ho)
xt, t o
CH2 = CH2 + H2 CH3-CH3
o
xt, t
R1R2C = CR3R4 + H2 1 2 3 4
R R CH-CHR R
b. Phn ng cng halogen (phn ng halogen ho)
a) Tc dng vi clo
CH2 = CH2 + Cl2 ClCH 2 CH 2 Cl (1,2-icloetan, ts 83,5 oC)
b) Tc dng vi brom
CH3CH = CHCH2CH2CH3 + Br2 CH3 CH- CH CH2 CH2 CH3 (2,3-ibromhexan)
| |
Br Br
Anken lm mt mu ca dung dch brom, v th ngi ta thng dng nc brom hoc dung
dch brom trong CCl4 lm thuc th nhn bit anken.
c. Phn ng cng axit v cng nc
a) Cng axit
Hiro halogenua (HCl, HBr, HI), axit sunfuric m c c th cng vo anken.
Th d : CH2 = CH2 + H-Cl (kh ) CH3CH2Cl (etyl clorua)
CH2 = CH2 + H-OSO3H CH3CH2OSO3H (etyl hirosunfat)
b) Cng nc (phn ng hirat ho)

nhit thch hp v c xc tc axit, anken c th cng nc, th d :
o
H , t
CH2 = CH2 + H-OH HCH2 - CH2OH (etanol)
c) Hng ca phn ng cng axit v nc vo anken
Phn ng cng axit hoc nc vo anken khng i xng thng to ra hn hp hai ng phn,
trong c mt ng phn l sn phm chnh. Th d :
CH2 = CH-CH3 HCl CH 2 - CH - CH3 + CH 2 - CH - CH3
| | | |
H Cl Cl H
(Sn phm chnh) (Sn phm ph)

H OH OH H
HOH| | | |
CH 2 = C - CH3
CH 2 - C - CH3 + CH 2 - C - CH3
| | |
CH3 CH3 CH3
(Sn phm chnh) (Sn phm ph)
Quy tc Mac-cp-nhi-cp
Trong phn ng cng axit hoc nc (k hiu chung l HA) vo lin kt C= C ca anken, H
(phn t mang in tch dng) u tin cng vo C mang nhiu H hn (cacbon bc thp hn),
cn A (phn t mang in tch m) u tin cng vo C mang t H hn (cacbon bc cao hn).
d. Phn ng trng hp
Peoxit,100 300 C o
nCH2 = CH2
100atm
( CH2-CH2 )n (polietilen, n= 3000 - 40 000)
0
t , xt
nCH2 CH CH2 CH (polipropilen)
| |
CH3 CH3 n
Phn ng trng hp l qu trnh kt hp lin tip nhiu phn t nh ging nhau hoc tng t
nhau to thnh nhng phn t rt ln gi l polime.
Trong phn ng trng hp, cht u (cc phn t nh) c gi l monome. Sn phm ca phn
ng gm nhiu mt xch monome hp thnh nn c gi l polime. S lng mt xch
monome trong mt phn t polime gi l h s trng hp v k hiu l n.
e. Phn ng oxi ho
Ging vi ankan, anken chy hon ton to ra CO2, H2O v to nhiu nhit :
3n
CnH2n + O2 nCO2 + nH2O ; H < 0
2
Khc vi ankan, anken lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4 v b oxi ho. Th d :
3CH2 = CH2 + 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3HOCH2-CH2OH + 2MnO2 + 2KOH
(etylen glicol)
III - ANKIN
1. Cu trc phn t
Trong phn t ankin, hai nguyn t C lin kt ba trng thi lai ho sp (lai ho ng thng).
Lin kt ba C C gm 1 lin kt v 2 lin kt . Hai nguyn t C mang lin kt ba v 2
nguyn t lin kt trc tip vi chng nm trn mt ng thng.
2. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng cng
GV Hunh Phc Hi - HSPN - 10 - Cell phone: 0935228284

- Cng hiro : Khi c xc tc Ni, Pt, Pd nhit
Ni, t 0
thch hp, ankin cng vi H2 to thnh ankan CHCH + 2H2 CH3 CH3
:
Mun dng li giai on to ra anken th phi
Pd / PbCO3
dng xc tc l hn hp Pd vi PbCO3 : CHCH + H2 CH2 = CH2

- Cng brom : Ging nh anken, ankin lm mt mu nc brom, phn ng xy ra qua hai giai
on. Mun dng li giai on th nht th cn thc hin phn ng nhit thp, th d :
Br Br
| |
Br2 Br2
C2H5-C C-C2H5 o
C 2 H 5 C C C 2 H 5 C 2 H5 C C C 2 H5
20 C | | | |
Br Br Br Br
hex-3-in 3,4-ibromhex-3-en 3,3,4,4-tetrabromhexan
- Cng hiro clorua
HgCl2
CH CH + HCl CH2 = CH - Cl (vinyl clorua)
150200o C
CH2 = CH - Cl + HCl CH3 - CHCl2 (1,1-icloetan)
- Cng nc (hirat ho)
Khi c mt xc tc HgSO4 trong mi trng axit, H2O cng vo lin kt ba to ra hp cht

trung gian khng bn v chuyn thnh anehit hoc xeton, th d :
HgSO4 ,H2 SO4
HC CH + H-OH [CH2 = CH OH] CH3 CH = O
80o C
etin (khng bn) anehit axetic
Phn ng cng HX, H2O vo cc ankin trong dy ng ng ca axetilen cng tun theo quy tc
Mac-cp-nhi-cp nh anken.
- Phn ng ime ho v trime ho
xt, t 0
2CH CH CH2 = CH - C CH
vinylaxetilen
xt, t 0
3CHCH C6 H 6
b. Phn ng th bng ion kim loi

AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O [Ag(NH3)2]+ OH- + NH4NO3
(phc cht, tan trong nc)
HCCH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH Ag CC Ag + 2H2O + 4NH3
(kt ta mu vng nht)
Phn ng ny khng nhng dng nhn ra axetilen m c cc ankin c nhm H C C- (cc
ankin m lin kt ba u mch) :
R C C H + [Ag(NH3)2]OH RC CAg + H2O + 2NH3
(kt ta mu vng nht)
c. Phn ng oxi ho
Cc ankin chy trong khng kh to ra CO2, H2O v to nhiu nhit :
3n 1
CnH2n-2 + O2 nCO2 + (n 1)H2O ; H < 0
2
Ging nh anken, ankin lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4. Khi n b oxi ho lin kt ba to
ra cc sn phm phc tp, cn KMnO4 th b kh thnh MnO2 (kt ta mu nu en).
III - iu ch v ng dng
BI TP HIROCACBON MCH H
Cu 1: Hai hirocacbon A v B c cng CTPT C5H12 tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l mol 1 : 1 th A

to ra mt dn xut duy nht cn B th cho 4 dn xut. Tn gi ca A v B ln lt l
A. 2,2-imetylpropan v 2-metylbutan. B. 2,2-imetylpropan v pentan.
C. 2-metylbutan v 2,2-imetylpropan. D. 2-metylbutan v pentan.
Cu 2: Cho cc ankan C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12. Nhm ankan khng c ng phn khi tc
dng vi Cl2 t l 1 : 1 v s mol to ra dn xut duy nht l
A. C2H6, C3H8. B. C2H6, C5H12. C. C3H8, C4H10. D. C3H8, C4H10, C5H12.
Cu 3: t chy hon ton mt th tch kh thin nhin gm metan, etan, propan bng oxi khng
kh (trong khng kh, oxi chim 20% th tch), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) v 9,9 gam nc.
Th tch khng kh ( ktc) nh nht cn dng t chy hon ton lng kh thin nhin trn l
A. 70,0 lt. B. 78,4 lt. C. 84,0 lt. D. 56,0 lt.
Cu 4: Tin hnh crackinh 2,9 gam butan nhit cao. Sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp
kh A gm CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C3H6 v C4H10. t chy A trong kh O2 d, ri dn ton b sn
phm sinh ra qua bnh ng H2SO4 c. tng khi lng ca bnh ng H2SO4 c l
A. 9,0 gam. B. 6,75 gam. C. 2,25 gam. D. 4,5 gam.
Cu 5: Khi crackinh hon ton mt th tch ankan X thu c ba th tch hn hp Y (cc th
tch kh o cng iu kin nhit v p sut) ; t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 12. Cng thc
phn t ca X l
A. C6H14. B. C3H8. C. C4H10. D. C5H12.
Cu 6: Khi brom ho mt ankan ch thu c mt dn xut monobrom duy nht c t khi hi
i vi hiro l 75,5. Tn ca ankan l
A. 3,3-imetylhecxan. B. 2,2-imetylpropan. C. isopentan. D. 2,2,3-trimetylpentan.
Cu 7: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon X thu c 0,11 mol CO2 v 0,132 mol H2O. Khi
X tc dng vi kh clo (theo t l s mol 1 : 1) thu c mt sn phm hu c duy nht. Tn
gi ca X l
A. 2-metylbutan. B. etan. C. 2,2-imetylpropan. D. 2-metylpropan.
Cu 8: Khi cho ankan X (trong phn t c phn trm khi lng cacbon bng 83,72%) tc
dng vi clo theo t l s mol 1 : 1 (trong iu kin chiu sng) ch thu c 2 dn xut

monoclo ng phn ca nhau. Tn ca X l
A. 2-metylpropan. B. 2,3-imetylbutan. C. butan.D. 3-metylpentan.
Cu 9: Hirocacbon mch h X trong phn t ch cha lin kt v c hai nguyn t cacbon
bc ba trong mt phn t. t chy hon ton 1 th tch X sinh ra 6 th tch CO2 ( cng iu
kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho X tc dng vi Cl2 (theo t l s mol 1 : 1), s dn xut
monoclo ti a sinh ra l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 5.
Cu 10: Cng thc n gin nht ca mt hirocacbon l CnH2n+1. Hirocacbon thuc dy
ng ng ca
A. ankan. B. ankin. C. ankaien. D. anken.
Cu 11: S ng phn cu to ca anken ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10 (khng k ng
phn cis - trans) l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 10.
Cu 12: Trong phng th nghim etilen c iu ch bng cch
A. tch hiro t etan. B. crackinh propan.
C. un nng ancol etylic vi H2SO4 c 170oC. D. cng hiro vo axetilen.
Cu 13: S sn phm ti a to thnh khi cho isopren tc dng vi HBr theo t l mol 1 : 1 l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 14: Hp cht CH3CH2-CH(CH3)-C C-CH(CH3)2 c tn l
A. 3,6-imetylhept-4-in. B. isopropylisobutylaxetilen.
C. 5-etyl-2-metylhex-3-in. D. 2,5-imetylhept-3-in.
Cu 15: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng ?
A. Trong phn t hirocacbon, s nguyn t hiro lun l s chn.
B. Trong phn t anken, lin kt i gm mt lin kt v mt lin kt .
C. Hirocacbon no l hirocacbon m trong phn t ch c lin kt n.
D. Cng thc chung ca hirocacbon no c dng CnH2n + 2.
Cu 16: C 5 cht: metan, etilen, propin, buta-1,3-ien, xiclopentan. S lng cc cht c kh
nng lm mt mu dung dch brom l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Cu 17: Cho s chuyn ho: Metan X1 X2 X3 Cao su buna
X2 l cht no sau y ?
A. Axetilen. B. Etilen. C. Vinylaxetilen. D. Etilen hoc axetilen.
Cu 18: T vi, than v cc cht v c cn thit. S phn ng ti thiu iu ch etylen
glicol l
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6. D. 7.
Cu 19: Cho hirocacbon Y tc dng vi brom trong iu kin thch hp, ch thu c mt
dn xut cha brom c t khi hi i vi hiro l 75,5. Cng thc phn t ca Y l
A. C5H10. B. C4H10. C. C5H12. D. C6H6.
Cu 20: t chy hon ton 4,3 gam mt hirocacbon X cn dng va V lt O2 ( ktc),
thu c hn hp sn phm trong khi lng CO2 nhiu hn khi lng H2O l 6,9 gam.
Cng thc phn t ca X v gi tr V l
A. C6H14 ; 10,64. B. C6H14 ; 6,72. C. C5H8 ; 11,2. D. C4H8 ; 10,08.
Cu 21: Hp cht Z c cng thc phn t C5H8. Hiro ho hon ton Z thu c mt hp cht
no, mch nhnh. Z c kh nng trng hp to ra polime. Cng thc cu to ca Z l
A. (CH3)2CH-C CH. B. CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2.
C. CH3-CH=CH-CH=CH2. D. CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2.
Cu 22: Cho cc cht: xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, but-1-en, cis-but-2-en, 2-metylbut-2-en. Dy gm
cc cht sau khi phn ng vi H2 (d, xc tc Ni, to), cho cng mt sn phm l
A. xiclobutan, cis-but-2-en v but-1-en. B. but-1-en, 2-metylpropen v cis-but-2-en.
C. xiclobutan, 2-metylbut-2-en v but-1-en. D. 2-metylpropen, cis-but-2-en v xiclobutan.
Cu 23: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z l ng ng k tip, khi lng phn t ca Z bng 2 ln
khi lng phn t ca X. Cc cht X, Y, Z thuc dy ng ng
A. ankan. B. ankaien. C. anken. D. ankin.
Cu 24: tch ring tng cht kh t hn hp propan, propen, propin ta ch cn dng cc
cht l
A. Zn, dung dch Br2, dung dch NaOH, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.
B. dung dch Br2, dung dch HCl, dung dch KMnO4, Na.
C. dung dch KMnO4, dung dch NaCl, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.
D. dung dch HCl, dung dch Br2, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, Zn.
Cu 25: Mt hirocacbon X cng hp vi axit HCl theo t l mol 1 : 1 to sn phm c
thnh phn khi lng clo l 45,223%. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H6. B. C3H4. C. C2H4. D. C4H8.
Cu 26: t chy hon ton m gam hirocacbon A l cht kh iu kin thng thu c m
gam H2O. CTPT ca A l
A. C4H8. B. C3H8. C. C2H4. D. C4H6.
Cu 27: Ba hirocacbon X, Y, Z k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, trong khi lng
phn t Z gp i khi lng phn t X. t chy 0,1 mol cht Y, sn phm kh hp th
hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c s gam kt ta l
A. 20. B. 40. C. 30. D. 10.
Cu 28: Cht A c cng thc phn t l C7H8. Cho A tc dng vi AgNO3 (d) trong dung
dch NH3 thu c cht B kt ta. Phn t khi ca B ln hn ca A l 214. S cng thc cu
to c th c ca A l
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 29: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon Y, ton b sn phm chy c dn vo bnh
ng nc vi trong (d) thy to thnh 6 gam kt ta, ng thi khi lng dung dch gim
1,92 gam. Cng thc cu to ca Y l
A. CH3-CH2-CH3. B. CH2=CH-CH3. C. CH C-CH3. D. CH2=C=CH2.
Cu 30: Cho 0,1 mol mt hirocacbon X mch h lm mt mu va 300 ml dung dch Br2
1M, to dn xut c cha 90,22% brom v khi lng. X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong
NH3 to kt ta. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH C-CH2-C CH. B. CH2=CH-C CH.
C. CH3-CH=CH-C CH. D. CH C-CH2-CH=CH2.
HIROCACBON THM
I - BENZEN
1. Cu trc ca phn t
Su nguyn t C trong phn t benzen trng thi lai ho sp2 (lai ho tam gic). Mi
nguyn t C s dng 3 obitan lai ho to lin kt vi 2 nguyn t C bn cnh n v 1
nguyn t H. Su obitan p cn li ca 6 nguyn t C xen ph bn vi nhau to thnh h lin
hp chung cho c vng benzen. Nh vy m lin kt benzen tng i bn vng hn so
vi lin kt anken cng nh nhng hirocacbon khng no khc.
Su nguyn t C trong phn t benzen to thnh mt lc gic u. C 6 nguyn t C v 6

nguyn t H cng nm trn 1 mt phng (gi l mt phng phn t). Cc gc ho tr u bng
120o.
2. Tnh cht
a) Phn ng th
Halogen ha (x tc Fe bt)
Fe
C6H6 + Cl2 C6H5Cl + HCl

Phn ng nitro ho
Benzen tc dng vi hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 m c to thnh nitrobenzen :
Nitrobenzen tc dng vi hn hp axit HNO3 bc khi v H2SO4 m c ng thi un nng

th to thnh m-initrobenzen.
b) Phn ng cng
Ni, t o
C 6 H6 3H 2 C 6 H12
c. Phn ng oxi ho
Benzen khng tc dng vi KMnO4 (khng lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4).
Cc benzen khi chy trong khng kh thng to ra nhiu mui than v to nhiu nhit.
15
C6H6 + O2 6 CO 2 + 3 H2O
2
II. Ankylbenzen
1. Cnh gi tn
Khi thay cc nguyn t hiro trong phn t benzen (C6H6) bng cc nhm ankyl, ta c cc
ankylbenzen. Th d :
C6H5CH3 C6H5CH2CH3 C6H5CH2CH2-CH3
Metylbenzen (toluen) etylbenzen propylbenzen
Cc ankylbenzen hp thnh dy ng ng ca benzen c cng thc chung l CnH2n-6 vi n 6.
Khi coi vng benzen l mch chnh th cc nhm ankyl nh vi n l

mch nhnh (cn gi l nhm th). Ankylbenzen c ng phn mch
cacbon. gi tn chng, phi ch r v tr cc nguyn t C ca vng
bng cc ch s hoc cc ch ci o, m, p (c l ortho, meta, para) nh
hnh bn.

etylbenzen 1,2-imetylbenzen 1,3-imetylbenzen 1,4-imetylbenzen

o-imetylbenzen m-imetylbenzen p-imetylbenzen
(o-xilen) (m-xilen) (p-xilen)
2. Tnh cht ha hc
a) Phn ng th
Tc dng Cl2, HNO3
Quy tc th vng benzen
Khi vng benzen c sn nhm ankyl (hay cc nhm OH, -NH2, -OCH3 ), phn ng th vo
vng s d dng hn v u tin xy ra v tr ortho v para. Ngc li, nu vng benzen
c sn nhm NO2 (hoc cc nhm -COOH, -SO3H ) phn ng th vo vng s kh hn v
u tin xy ra v tr meta.
b. Phn ng cng
Ni, t o
C 6 H 6 3H 2 C 6 H12
Ni, t o
C 6 H11CH3 3H 2 C 6 H11CH3
c. Phn ng oxi ho
Cc ankylbenzen khi un nng vi dung dch KMnO4 th ch c nhm ankyl b oxi ho.
Th d : Toluen b KMnO4 oxi ho thnh kali benzoat, sau tip tc cho tc dng vi axit
clohiric th thu c axit benzoic.
KMnO4 , H 2 O HCl
C6H5CH3 C 6 H5 C OK C 6 H5 C OH
80-1000 C || ||
O O
BI TP HIROCACBON MCH VNG
Cu 1 : CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 Cht c tn l g ?
CH3
CH2 CH3

A. 1-butyl-3-metyl-4-etylbenzen. B. 1-butyl-4-etyl-3-metylbenzen.
C. 1-etyl-2-metyl-4-butylbenzen. D. 4-butyl-1-etyl-2-metylbenzen.
Cu 2: Mt ng ng ca benzen c CTPT C8H10. S ng phn ca cht ny l :
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Cu 3 : Cc cu sau cu no sai ?
A. Benzen c CTPT l C6H6
B. Cht c CTPT C6H6 phi l benzen
C. Cht c cng thc n gin nht l CH khng ch l benzen
D. Benzen c cng thc n gin nht l CH.
Cu 4 : Dng 39 gam C6H6 iu ch toluen. Khi lng toluen to thnh l :
A. 78 g B. 46 g C. 92g D. 107 g
Cu 5 : Cho s :
Cc nhm X,Y ph hp s trn l :

A. X(CH3), Y(NO2) B. X(NO2), Y(CH3)
C. X(NH2), Y(CH3) D. X(-CH3) v Y(-NH2)
Cu 6 : Cho s :
Cc nhm X,Y khng ph hp vi s trn l :

A. X(CH3), Y(Cl) B. X(CH3), Y(NO2).
C. X(Cl), Y(CH3) D. X(NO2); Y(CH3).
Cu 7 : Cho s : C n H 2 n 6 (X) (A) (B) (C) polistiren
CTPT ph hp ca X l :
A. C6H5CH3. B. C6H6. C. C6H5C2H5 D. C6H5CH(CH3)2
Cu 8 : phn bit 4 cht lng : benzen, toluen, stiren, etylbenzen ngi ta dng thuc th
no sau y:
A. Dung dch Br2. B. Dung dch KMnO4/dung dch HCl
D. Kh clo. C. Dung dch HNO3 , xc tc H2SO4 .
Cu 9: S ng phn hirocacbon thm ng vi cng thc phn t C8H10 l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 3. D. 5.

Cu 10: Toluen phn ng vi Br2 khi chiu sng cho sn phm th d dng v tr no ?
A. nhm metyl. B. meta. C. ortho v para. D. ortho.
Cu 11: C ba cht lng khng mu l: benzen, toluen, stiren. C th dng dung dch no sau
y nhn bit mi cht trn ?
A. Dung dch H2SO4. B. Dung dch NaOH.
C. Dung dch KMnO4. D. Dung dch Br2.
Cu 12: Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l
A. stiren ; clobenzen ; isopren ; but-1-en.
B. 1,2-iclopropan ; vinylaxetilen ; vinylbenzen ; toluen.
C. buta-1,3-ien ; cumen ; etilen ; trans-but-2-en.
D. 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten ; propilen ; stiren ; vinyl clorua.
Cu 13: Cho cc hirocacbon: eten, axetilen, benzen, xiclopropan, toluen, isopentan, stiren,
naphtalen. S cht lm mt mu dung dch Br2 l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
Cu 14: Cht no sau y u l thnh phn chnh ca kh thin nhin v ca kh m du ?
A. H2. B. CO. C. CH4. D. C4H10.
Cu 15: Nha than em chng ct phn on si 170 - 230oC, gi l
A. du nh. C. du trung. B. du nng. D. hc n.
Cu 16: Nh my lc du l nh my
A. ch lc b cc tp cht c trong du m.
B. cho sn phm u l cc cht lng.
C. ch bin du m thnh cc sn phm khc nhau.
D. ch sn xut xng du.
ANCOL - PHENOL
I - ANCOL
1. Cng thc phn t
Ancol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm hiroxyl (OH) lin kt trc tip vi
nguyn t cacbon no. CnH2n+2O; ROH; R(OH)n
Phn loi
- Theo bc : ancol bc I, II v III.
- Theo s nhm chc : n v a
- Theo gc : no, khng no, thm
Phn loi theo cu to Phn loi theo theo s
Ancol
gc hirocacbon lng nhm hiroxyl
C2H5OH (*) Ancol n c c (monoancol)
Ancol no, bc I
Xiclo C6H11OH Ancol no, bc II Ancol n chc (monoancol)

(CH3)3COH Ancol no, bc III Ancol n chc (monoancol)
HO-CH2CH2-OH Ancol no, bc I Ancol a chc (poliancol)
HO-CH2CHOHCH2-OH Ancol no, bc I, II Ancol a chc (poliancol)
CH2=CH-CH2-OH Ancol khng no, bc I Ancol n chc (monoancol)
C6H5CH2OH Ancol thm bc I Ancol n chc (monoancol)
2. Danh php
Ngoi ng phn nhm chc (chng hn CH3CH2OH v CH3OCH3), ancol c ng phn mch
cacbon v ng phn v tr nhm chc. Th d :
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 (CH3)2CHCH2OH (CH3)3COH

ancol butylic ancol sec-butylic ancol isobutylic
ancol tert-butylic
Tn thng thng (tn gc - chc) :

Ancol + tn gc hirocacbon + ic
Th d :
CH3OH (CH3)2CHOH CH2 =CHCH2OH C6H5CH2OH
ancol metylic ancol isopropylic ancol anlylic ancol benzylic
Tn thay th :
Tn hirocacbon tng ng theo mch chnh + s ch v tr + ol
Mch chnh c quy nh l mch cacbon di nht c cha nhm OH.
S ch v tr c bt u t pha gn nhm OH hn.
Th d :
OH
|
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CHCH 3 CH3 CH CH 2OH CH3 C CH3
| | |
OH CH3 CH3
butan-1-ol butan-2-ol 2-metylpropan-1-ol 2-metylpropan-2-ol

CH2 CH 2 CH 2 CH CH2 CH3 C CHCH 2CH 2 CHCH2 CH2 OH
| | | | | | |
OH OH OH OH OH CH3 CH3
etan-1,2-iol propan-1,2,3-triol 3,7-imetyloct-6-en-1-ol

(etylen glicol) (glixerol) (xitronelol, trong tinh du s)
3. Tnh cht vt l
Cng thc tnc,0C ts.0C D, g/cm3 tan, g/100g H2O
CH3OH -97,7 64,7 0,792
CH3CH2OH -114,5 78,3 0,789
CH3CH2CH2OH -126,1 97,2 0,804
CH3CH(OH)CH3 -89,0 82,4 0,785
CH2=CHCH2OH -129,0 97,0 0,854
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH -89,5 117,3 0,809 9 (15oC)

CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 -114,7 99,5 0,806 12,5 (25oC)
(CH3)2CHCH2OH -108,0 108,4 0,803 9,5 (18oC)
(CH3)3COH -25,5 82,2 0,789
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH -117,2 132,0 0,812 2,7 (22oC)
HO CH2CH2OH -12,6 197,8 1,115
HOCH2CHOHCH2OH 20,0 290,0 1,260
C6H5CH2OH -15,3 205,3 1,045 4,0 (17oC)
iu kin thng, cc ancol t CH3OH n khong C12H25OH l cht lng, t khong

C13H27OH tr ln l cht rn. Cc ancol c t 1 n 3 nguyn t C trong phn t tan v hn
trong nc. Khi s nguyn t C tng ln th tan gim dn.
Cc poliol nh etylen glicol, glixerol thng snh, nng hn nc v c v ngt.
Cc ancol trong dy ng ng ca ancol etylic u l nhng cht khng mu.
Lin kt hiro
Ngi ta nhn thy rng nhit nng chy, nhit si, tan trong nc ca ancol u cao
hn so vi hirocacbon, dn xut halogen hoc ete c phn t khi chnh lch nhau khng
nhiu.
CH3 CH3 CH3OH CH3F CH3OCH3
M, vC 30 32 34 46
tnc, oC -172 -98 -142 -138
t s, o C -89 65 -78 -24
tan, g/100gH2O 0,007 0,25 7,6

Nguyn t H mang mt phn in tch dng (+) ca nhm OH ny khi gn nguyn t O

mang mt phn in tch m (-) ca nhm OH kia th to thnh mt lin kt yu gi l lin
kt hiro, biu din bng du nh hnh 8.3. Trong nhiu trng hp, nguyn t H lin kt
cng ho tr vi nguyn t F, O hoc N thng to thm lin kt hiro vi cc nguyn t F, O
hoc N khc.
nh hng ca lin kt hiro n tnh cht vt l
Do c lin kt hiro gia cc phn t vi nhau (lin kt hiro lin phn t), cc phn t ancol
ht nhau mnh hn so vi nhng phn t c cng phn t khi nhng khng c lin kt hiro
(hirocacbon, dn xut halogen, ete,). V th cn phi cung cp nhit nhiu hn chuyn
ancol t trng thi rn sang trng thi lng (nng chy) cng nh t trng thi lng sang trng
thi kh (si).
Cc phn t ancol nh, mt mt c s tng ng vi cc phn t nc, mt khc li c kh

nng to lin kt hiro vi nc, nn c th xen gia cc phn t nc, gn kt vi cc phn
t nc. V th chng ho tan tt trong nc.
4. Tnh cht ha hc
a) Phn ng th H ca nhm OH ancol
- Tc dng vi kim loi kim
1
RO-H + Na H2 + RO-Na
2
natri ancolat
- Phn ng ring ca glixerol
Glixerol ho tan c Cu(OH)2 to thnh phc cht tan, mu xanh da tri :
Phn ng ny c dng nhn bit glixerol v cc poliancol m cc nhm OH nh vi

nhng nguyn t C cnh nhau, chng hn nh etylenglicol.
b) Phn ng th nhm OH ancol
Ancol tc dng vi cc axit mnh nh axit sunfuric m c lnh, axit nitric m c, axit
halogenhiric bc khi. Nhm OH ancol b th bi gc axit.
ROH + HA RA + H2O
C2H5OH + HBr C2H5Br + H2O

Tc phn ng vi HX : ancol bc III > II > I
CH2 OH CH 2 ONO2
| |
CH OH + 3HNO3 CH ONO2 +3H2O
| |
CH2 OH CH 2 ONO2
glixerol "glixeryl trinitrat"

c) Phn ng tch nc
Tch nc lin phn t
H2 SO4
C2H5O-H + HOC2H5 C2H5-O-C2H5 + HOH
140o C
Tch nc ni phn t
CH2 CH 2 H SO
| | 2
4
CH2=CH2 + H-OH
H OH 170o C
Hng ca phn ng tch nc ni phn t tun theo quy tc Zai-xp : Nhm OH u tin
tch ra cng vi H cacbon bc cao hn bn cnh to thnh lin kt i C = C mang nhiu
nhm ankyl hn. Th d :
I II
H 2 C CH CH CH3 H2 SO4 , to
| | |
H2 O
CH3CH=CHCH3 + CH2=CHCH2CH3
H OH H but-2-en (sn phm chnh) but-1-en (sn phm ph)
4. Phn ng oxi ho
t R-CH=O + Cu +H O
R-CH2-OH + CuO
o
Ancol bc I b oxi ho nh thnh 2
anehit. anehit
Ancol bc II b oxi ho nh thnh
xeton. R CH R' t o R C R'
| + CuO || + Cu + H2O
Ancol bc III b oxi ho mnh th OH O
gy mch cacbon. xeton
Ancol chy to thnh CO2, H2O 3n
CnH 2n+1OH + O2 n CO2 + (n+1) H2O
v to nhit. 2
5. iu ch
iu ch etanol trong cng nghip
H PO ,300 o C
3 4
CH2 = CH2 + HOH CH3CH2OH
Enzim
(C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6
tinh bt glucoz
Enzim
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
iu ch metanol trong cng nghip

Cu
2CH4 + O2
o
2CH3 OH
200 C,100atm
ZnO, CrO3
CO + 2H2
o
CH3OH
400 C, 200atm
II - PHENOL
1. nh ngha
Phenol l loi hp cht m phn t c cha nhm hiroxyl (-OH) lin kt trc tip vi vng
benzen. Phenol cng l tn ring ca hp cht cu to bi nhm phenyl lin kt vi nhm
hiroxyl (C6H5-OH), cht tiu biu cho cc phenol. Nu nhm OH nh vo mch nhnh ca
vng thm th hp cht khng thuc loi phenol m thuc loi ancol thm. Th d :
2. Tnh cht vt l
Phenol, C6H5OH, l cht rn khng mu, tan t trong nc lnh, tan v hn 66oC, tan tt
trong etanol, ete v axeton... Trong qu trnh bo qun, phenol thng b chy ra v thm
mu dn do ht m v b oxi ho bi oxi khng kh.
Phenol c, khi tip xc vi da s gy bng. Cc phenol thng l cht rn, c nhit si cao.
phenol cng c lin kt hiro lin phn t tng t nh ancol.
3. Tnh cht ha hc
a) Tnh axit
C 6 H 5 OH NaOH C 6 H 5ONa H 2O
C6H5 -ONa + CO2 + H2O C6H5OH + NaHCO3
Phenol l axit mnh hn ancol nhng yu hn axit cacbonic.
Dung dch phenol khng lm i mu qu tm.
b) Phn ng th vng thm

Nh nc brom vo dung dch phenol, mu nc brom b mt v xut hin ngay kt ta trng.
Phn ng ny c dng nhn bit phenol.
Phn ng th vo nhn thm phenol d hn benzen ( iu kin m du hn, th c ng

thi c 3 nguyn t H cc v tr ortho v para).
4. iu ch
Phng php ch yu iu ch phenol trong cng nghip hin nay l sn xut ng thi phenol
v axeton theo s phn ng sau :
2 CH CHCH
3 C H CH(CH )
1)O2 (kk) ; 2) H2 SO 4
C 6 H6

6 5 3 2 C 6 H5OH CH3COCH3
H
BI TP ANCOL - PHENOL
Cu 1: S loi lin kt hiro c th c khi ho tan ancol etylic vo nc l

A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 2: Khi un nng hn hp ancol gm CH3OH v C2H5OH (xc tc H2SO4 c, 140oC)
th s ete thu c ti a l
A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
Cu 3: un nng hn hp metanol v etanol vi H2SO4 c trong khong nhit t 130oC
n 180oC. S lng sn phm hu c thu c l
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
Cu 4: Ancol b oxi ho bi CuO cho sn phm c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. propan-2-ol. B. etanol. C. pentan-3-ol. D. 2-metylpropan-2-ol.
Cu 5: Ancol no sau y kh b oxi ho nht ?
A. Ancol sec-butylic. B. Ancol tert-butylic. C. Ancol isobutylic. D. Ancol butylic.
Cu 6: ng phn no ca ancol C4H10O khi tch nc s cho hai olefin ?
A. Ancol butylic. B. Ancol isobutylic. C. Ancol sec-butylic. D. Ancol tert-butylic.
Cu 7: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l
A. HBr (to), Na, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc).
B. Ca, CuO (to), C6H5OH (phenol), HOCH2CH2OH.
C. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc).
D. Na2CO3, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc), (CH3CO)2O.
Cu 8: Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy
nht l xeton Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH3-CHOH-CH3. B. CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3.
C. CH3-CO-CH3. D. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH.
Cu 9: Phng php no iu ch ancol etylic di y ch dng trong phng th nghim ?
A. Ln men tinh bt.
B. Thu phn etyl bromua trong dung dch kim khi un nng.
C. Hirat ho etilen xc tc axit.
D. Phn ng kh anehit axetic bng H2 xc tc Ni un nng.
Cu 10: Hirat ho 2 anken ch to thnh 2 ancol. Hai anken l
A. 2-metylpropen v but-1-en. B. propen v but-2-en.
C. eten v but-2-en. D. eten v but-1-en.
Cu 11: Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau:
A. un nng ancol metylic vi H2 SO4 c 140 - 170oC thu c ete.
B. Ancol a chc ho tan Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh da tri.
C. iu ch ancol no, n chc bc mt l cho anken cng nc.
D. Khi oxi ho ancol no, n chc thu c anehit.
Cu 12: Propan-2-ol khng th iu ch trc tip t
A. propilen. B. axeton. C. 2-clopropan. D. propanal.
Cu 13: Cho s chuyn ho sau (mi mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):
Tinh bt
X
Y
Z
metyl axetat
Cc cht Y, Z trong s trn ln lt l
A. C2H5OH, CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH, CH3OH.
C. CH3COOH, C2H5OH. D. C2H4, CH3COOH.
Cu 14: Khi tch nc t ancol 3-metylbutan-2-ol, sn phm chnh thu c l
A. 3-metylbut-1-en. B. 2-metylbut-2-en. C. 3-metylbut-2-en D. 2-metylbut-3-en.
Cu 15: Khi tch nc t mt cht X c cng thc phn t C4H10O to thnh ba anken l
ng phn ca nhau (tnh c ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. (CH3)3COH. B. CH3OCH2CH2CH3.
C. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3. D. CH3CH(CH3)CH2OH.
Cu 16: Khi tch nc t 2 ancol ng phn c cng thc C4H10O vi H2SO4 c 170oC thu
c 3 anken (khng k ng phn hnh hc). Cng thc cu to ca hai ancol l
A. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH v (CH3)2CHCH2OH.
B. (CH3)2CHCH2OH v (CH3)3COH.
C. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 v CH3CH2CH2CH2OH.
D. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 v (CH3)3COH.

Cu 17: Hiro ho cht A mch h c cng thc C4H6O c ancol butylic. S cng thc
cu to c th c ca A l
A. 4. B. 6. C. 5. D. 3.
Cu 18: C my ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8Br2 khi thu phn trong dung dch
kim cho sn phm l anehit ?
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
HCl NaOH
Cu 19: Cho s chuyn ho sau: C2H2 A CH3CHO
Cng thc cu to ca cht A c th l
A. CH2=CHCl. B. CH3-CHCl2. C. ClCH2-CH2Cl. D. CH2=CHCl hoc CH3-CHCl2.
Cu 20: Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to nh sau: HOCH2-CH2OH (X) ; HOCH2-CH2-
CH2OH (Y) ; HOCH2-CHOH-CH2OH (Z) ; CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 (R) ; CH3-CHOH-CH2OH (T).
Nhng cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam l
A. X, Y, R, T. B. X, Z, T. C. Z, R, T. D. X, Y, Z, T.
Cu 21: Cho cc hp cht sau:
(a) HOCH2-CH2OH (b) HOCH2-CH2-CH2OH (c) HOCH2-CH(OH)-CH2OH
(d) CH3-CH(OH)-CH2OH (e) CH3-CH2OH ; (f) CH3-O-CH2CH3
Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)2 l
A. (a), (b), (c). B. (c), (d), (f). C. (a), (c), (d). D. (c), (d), (e).
Cu 22: Cht hu c X mch h, bn, tn ti dng trans c cng thc phn t C4H8O, X lm
mt mu dung dch Br2, tc dng vi Na gii phng kh H2. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH2=CHCH2CH2OH. B. CH3CH2CH=CHOH.
C. CH2=C(CH3)CH2OH. D. CH3CH=CHCH2OH.
Cu 23: Cho cc phn ng:
to
HBr + C2H5OH C2H4 + Br2

C2H4 + HBr
C2H6 + Br2 askt (1 : 1 mol)

S phn ng to ra C2H5Br l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
o
H2SO4 c, t
HBr Mg, ete khan
Cu 24: Cho s chuyn ho: Butan-2-ol X (anken) Y Z
Trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca Z l
A. (CH3)3C-MgBr. B. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-MgBr.
C. CH3-CH(MgBr)-CH2-CH3. D. (CH3)2CH-CH2-MgBr.
Cu 25: nh hng ca nhm -OH n gc C6H5- trong phenol th hin qua phn ng gia
phenol vi

A. dung dch NaOH. B. Na kim loi. C. nc Br2. D. H2 (Ni, nung nng).
Cu 26: nh hng qua li gia nhm -OH v gc phenyl c chng minh bi phn ng ca
phenol vi
A. Na v nc brom. B. dung dch NaOH v nc brom.
C. nc brom v dung dch NaOH. D. dung dch NaOH v fomanehit.
Cu 27: un nng fomanehit vi phenol (d) c axit lm xc tc thu c polime c cu trc
A. mch khng phn nhnh. B. mch phn nhnh.
C. mng li khng gian. D. C A, C u ng.
Cu 28: S cht ng vi CTPT C7H8O (l dn xut ca benzen) khng tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH l
A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1.
Cu 29: S hp cht thm c cng thc C7H8O tc dng vi Na, v dd NaOH ln lt l
A. 3 ; 2. B. 4 ; 3. C. 3 ; 4. D. 4 ; 4.
Cu 30: Cho dy cc axit: phenic, picric, p-nitrophenol. T tri sang phi tnh axit
A. tng. B. gim. C. va tng va gim. D. khng thay i.
Cu 31: Dng mt ho cht no sau y nhn bit stiren, toluen, phenol ?
A. Dung dch Br2. B. Dung dch HCl. C. Dung dch NaOH.D. Dung dch HNO3.
Cu 32: C 4 cht lng ng trong 4 l b mt nhn: ancol etylic, toluen, phenol, axit fomic.
nhn bit 4 cht c th dng nhm thuc th no sau y ?
A. Qu tm, nc Br2, dung dch NaOH.
B. Dung dch Na2CO3, nc Br2, Na.
C. Qu tm, nc Br2, dung dch K2CO3.
D. Na, dung dch HCl, dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.
Cl (1 : 1 mol) + NaOH c, d axit HCl
Cu 33: Cho s : C6H6 (benzen) 2

o X
o
t , P cao
Y
Z
Fe, t
Hai cht hu c Y, Z ln lt l
A. C6H6(OH)6, C6H6Cl6. B. C6H4(OH)2, C6H4Cl2.
C. C6H5OH, C6H5Cl. D. C6H5ONa, C6H5OH.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Cu 34: Cho s chuyn ho sau: Metan A1 A2 A3 A4
phenol
Cng thc cu to ca cc cht hu c A1, A2, A3, A4 ln lt l
A. HCHO, C6H12O6, C6H6, C6H5Cl. B. CH CH, C6H6, C6H5NO2, C6H5NH3Cl.
C. CH CH, CH2=CH2, C6H6, C6H5Cl. D. CH CH, C6H6, C6H5Br, C6H5ONa.
Br (1 : 1 mol) + NaOH c (d) + HCl (d)
Cu 35: Cho s chuyn ho sau: Toluen 2

o
X
o
t , P cao
Y Z
Fe, t

Trong X, Y, Z u l hn hp ca cc cht hu c. Z c thnh phn chnh gm
A. m-metylphenol v o-metylphenol. B. benzyl bromua v o-bromtoluen.
C. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen. D. o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol.
Cu 36: Cho 4 cht: phenol (A), ancol etylic (B), benzen (C), axit axetic (D). linh ng ca
nguyn t hiro trong phn t cc cht trn tng dn theo th t l
A. A < B < C < D. B. C < D < B < A. C. C < B < A < D. D. B < C < D < A.
Cu 37: Phenol tc dng vi tt c cc cht trong nhm no sau y ?
A. Na, KOH, dung dch Br2, HCl. B. K, NaOH, HNO3 c, dung dch Br2.
C. Na, NaOH, CaCO3, CH3COOH. D. K, HCl, axit cacbonic, dung dch Br2.
Cu 38: Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi phenol l
A. dung dch NaCl, dung dch NaOH, kim loi Na.
B. nc brom, anhirit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
C. nc brom, axit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
D. nc brom, anehit axetic, dung dch NaOH.
Cu 39: Trong thc t, phenol c dng sn xut
A. nha poli(vinyl clorua), nha novolac v cht dit c 2,4-D.
B. nha rezol, nha rezit v thuc tr su 666.
C. poli(phenol-fomanehit), cht dit c 2,4-D v axit picric.
D. nha rezit, cht dit c 2,4-D v thuc n TNT.
Cu 40: Hp cht hu c X (phn t c vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C7H8O2, tc
dng c vi Na v vi NaOH. Bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi Na d, s mol H2 thu c
bng s mol X tham gia phn ng v X ch tc dng c vi NaOH theo t l s mol 1 : 1.
Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. C6H5CH(OH)2. B. HOC6H4CH2OH. C. CH3C6H3(OH)2. D. CH3OC6H4OH
ANEHIT V XETON
I - KHI NIM
1. Cng thc phn t
Nhm >C = O c gi l nhm cacbonyl.
Anehit l nhng hp cht m phn t c nhm CH=O lin kt vi gc hirocacbon hoc

nguyn t H.
Nhm CH=O l nhm chc ca anehit, n c gi l nhm cacbanehit.

Cng thc phn t :
CnH2nO; RCHO; R(CHO)n
Xeton l nhng hp cht m phn t c nhm >C=O lin kt vi 2 gc hirocacbon.
Th d : CH3 C CH3 ; CH3 C C 6 H5

|| ||
O O
Nguyn t C mang lin kt i trng thi lai ho sp 2.
Lin kt i C=O gm 1 lin kt bn v mt lin kt km bn. Gc gia cc lin kt nhm

>C=O ging vi gc gia cc lin kt >C=C< tc l 120 oC. Trong khi lin kt C=C hu nh
khng phn cc, th lin kt >C=O b phn cc mnh : nguyn t O mang mt phn in tch
m, , nguyn t C mang mt phn in tch dng, +. .Chnh v vy cc phn ng ca nhm
>C=O c nhng im ging v nhng im khc bit so vi nhm >C=C<.
2. Danh php
Anehit : Theo IUPAC, tn thay th ca anehit gm tn ca hirocacbon theo mch chnh

ghp vi ui al, mch chnh cha nhm -CH=O, nh s 1 t nhm .
Mt s anehit n gin hay c gi theo tn thng thng c ngun gc lch s. Th d :

Anehit Tn thay th Tn thng thng
HCH=O metanal fomanehit (anehit fomic)
CH3CH=O etanal axetanehit (anehit axetic)
CH3CH2 CH=O Propanal propionanehit (anehit propionic)
(CH3)2CHCH2CH=O 3-metylbutanal isovaleranehit (anehit isovaleric)
CH3CH=CHCH=O but-2-en-1-al crotonanehit (anehit crotonic)
Xeton : Theo IUPAC, tn thay th ca xeton gm tn ca hirocacbon tng ng ghp vi

ui on, mch chnh cha nhm >C=O, nh s 1 t u gn nhm . Tn gc - chc ca
xeton gm tn hai gc hirocacbon nh vi nhm >C=O v t xeton. Th d :
CH3 C CH3 CH3 C CH2 CH3 CH3 C CH CH2

|| || ||
O O O
Tn thay th : propan-2-on butan-2-on but-3-en-2-on
Tn gc - chc : imetyl xeton etyl metyl xeton metyl vinyl xeton
Anehit thm u dy, C6H5CH = O c gi l benzanehit (anehit benzoic). Xeton thm u

dy C6H5COCH3 c gi l axetophenol (metyl phenyl xeton)

II - TNH CHT HO HC
1. Phn ng cng
a) Phn ng cng hiro (phn ng kh)
o
Ni,t
CH3CH = O + H2 CH3CH2OH
Ni,t o
CH3 CCH3 H 2 CH3 CHCH3
|| |
O OH
b) Phn ng cng nc, cng hiro xianua
OH
H 2C O HOH H 2C
OH
(khng bn)
CN
|
CH 3 C CH3H CN CH3 C CH 3
|| |
O OH
(xianohirin)
2. Phn ng oxi ho
a) Tc dng vi brom v kali pemanganat
RCH = O + Br2 + H2O RCOOH + 2HBr
b) Tc dng vi ion bc trong dung dch amoniac

AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O Ag(NH3)2OH + NH4NO3
(phc cht tan)
RCH=O + 2Ag(NH3)2OH R-COONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2O
Phn ng trng bc c ng dng nhn bit anehit v trng gng, trng rut phch.
3. Phn ng gc hirocacbon
Nguyn t hiro bn cnh nhm cacbonyl d tham gia phn ng. Th d :
3 CH COOH
CH3 C CH3 Br2
CH3 C CH 2 Br HBr
|| ||
O O
III - IU CH V NG DNG
1. iu ch
a) T ancol
Phng php chung iu ch anehit v xeton l oxi ho nh ancol bc I, bc II tng
ng bng CuO (xem bi 54 SGK).

Fomanehit c iu ch trong cng nghip bng cch oxi ho metanol nh oxi khng kh
600 - 700oC vi xc tc l Cu hoc Ag :
o
Ag, 600 C
2CH3 - OH + O2 2HCH = O + 2H2O
b) T hirocacbon
Cc anehit v xeton thng dng thng c sn xut t hirocacbon l sn phm ca qu

trnh ch bin du m.
Oxi ho khng hon ton metan l phng php mi sn xut fomanehit :

o
xt, t
CH4 + O2 HCH = O + H2O
Oxi ho etilen l phng php hin i sn xut axetanehit :

PdCl2 , CuCl2
2CH2= CH2 + O2 2CH3CH = O
Oxi ho cumen ri ch ho vi axit sunfuric thu c axeton cng vi phenol

tiu phn
1) O2
(CH3)2CH-C6H5
trung gian 2)H SO 20%
2 4
CH3 CO CH 3 C 6 H 5 OH
BI TP ANEHIT - XETON
Cu 1: Fomalin (hay fomon) c dng ngm xc ng vt, thuc da, ty u, dit trng,
Fomalin l
A. dung dch rt long ca anehit fomic. B. dung dch cha khong 40% axetanehit.
C. dung dch 37 - 40% fomanehit trong nc. D. tn gi ca H-CH=O.
Cu 2: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng ?
A. Trong phn t anehit, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt .
B. Hp cht R-CHO c th iu ch c t R-CH2-OH.

C. Hp cht hu c c nhm -CHO lin kt vi H l anehit.
D. Anehit va th hin tnh kh, va th hin tnh oxi ho.
Cu 3: S ng phn xeton ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10O l
A. 5. B. 6. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 4: Trong cng nghip, axeton c iu ch t
A. xiclopropan. B. propan-1-ol. C. propan-2-ol. D. cumen.
Cu 5: Th t gim dn nhit si ca cc cht CH3 CHO, C2 H5 OH, H2 O l
A. H2 O, CH3 CHO, C2 H5 OH. B. H2O, C2 H5 OH, CH3CHO.
C. CH3CHO, H2O, C2 H5 OH. D. CH3 CHO, C2H5OH, H2O.
Cu 6: Cho cc cht: HCN, H2, dung dch KMnO4, dung dch Br2. S cht phn ng c vi
(CH3)2CO l
A. 2. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3.
Cu 7: Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra anehit axetic l
A. CH3COOH, C2H2, C2H4. B. C2H5OH, C2H4, C2H2.
C. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOC2H3, C2H2, CH3COOH.
KMnO H O
Cu 8: Cho s chuyn ho: C6H5CH3 4

o
H2 O, t
X 3
Y
Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l
A. C6H5CHO, C6H5COOH. B. C6H5CH2OK, C6H5CHO.
C. C6H5CH2OH, C6H5CHO. D. C6H5COOK, C6H5COOH.
Cu 9: C th dng mt cht no trong cc cht di y nhn bit c cc cht: ancol
etylic, glixerol, anehit axetic ng trong ba l mt nhn ?
A. ng (II) hiroxit. B. Qu tm.
C. Kim loi natri. D. Dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.
Cu 10: Bng 3 phng trnh phn ng c th iu ch c cao su buna t cht no trong cc
cht sau y ?
A. HO-CH2-CH2-OH. B. CH3-CH22-CHO.
C. CH3COOH. D. OHC-CH22-CHO.
Cu 11: Mt anehit no X mch h, khng phn nhnh, c cng thc thc nghim l
(C2H3O)n. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. OHC-CH2-CH2-CHO. B. OHC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO.
C. OHC-CH(CH3)-CH2-CHO. D. OHC-CH(CH3)-CHO.
Cu 12: Cho cc cht sau: CH3-CH2-CHO (1), CH2=CH-CHO (2), (CH3)2CH-CHO (3), CH2=CH-
CH2-OH (4). Nhng cht phn ng hon ton vi lng d H2 (Ni, to) cng to ra mt sn
phm l
A. (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (2), (4). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (3), (4).
Cu 13: Cho cc s phn ng sau:
H SO c, 170oC
2 4 Ni, t o
A B+C ; B + 2H2 ancol isobutylic
to dd NH , t o
A + CuO D+E+C ; D + 4AgNO3 3
F + G + 4Ag
A c cng thc cu to l
A. (CH3)2C(OH)-CHO. B. HO-CH2-CH(CH3)-CHO.
C. OHC-CH(CH3)-CHO. D. CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CHO.
Cu 14: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO2 v c mol H2O
(bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy
ng ng anehit
A. no, n chc. B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc.
C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. D. no, hai chc.
Cu 15: un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H2 (xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng
iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng t Y thu c cht Z ; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H2
c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng. Cht X l anehit
A. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc. B. no, hai chc.
C. no, n chc. D. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n chc.
Cu 16: Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O v c cc tnh
cht: X, Z u phn ng vi nc brom ; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H2 nhng ch c Z khng
b thay i nhm chc ; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH3COOH. Cc cht X, Y, Z
ln lt l
A. C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-O-CH3, (CH3)2CO.
B. (CH3)2CO, C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-CH2OH.
C. C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CH-CH2OH.
D. CH2=CH-CH2OH, C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO.
Cu 17: t chy hon ton mt anehit X, thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Nu cho
X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, sinh ra s mol Ag gp 4 ln s mol X
phn ng. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCHO. B. CH3CHO. C. (CHO)2. D. C2H5CHO.
Cu 18: Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong
NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H2 d (xc tc Ni, to) th 0,125
mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H2. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l
A. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0). B. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0).
C. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2). D. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2).
Cu 19: Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H2 i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y th
thu c 11,7 gam H2O v 7,84 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Phn trm theo th tch ca H2 trong X l
A. 46,15%. B. 35,00%. C. 53,85%. D. 65,00%.
Cu 20: Khi oxi ho hon ton 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng
ng. Cng thc ca anehit l
A. HCHO. B. C2H3CHO. C. C2H5CHO. D. CH3CHO.
Cu 21: Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3
thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca anehit l
A. HCHO. B. CH2=CH-CHO. C. OHC-CHO. D. CH3CHO.
Cu 22: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng
thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam
Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCHO. B. CH3CHO.
C. OHC-CHO. D. CH3CH(OH)CHO.
Cu 23: Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO3 trong
dung dch NH3, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO3 long, thot ra
2,24 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH3CHO. B. HCHO. C. CH3CH2CHO. D. CH2=CHCHO.
Cu 24: Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng thu c 32,4
gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l
A. HCHO v C2H5CHO. B. HCHO v CH3CHO.
C. C2H3CHO v C3H5CHO. D. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO.
Cu 25: Oxi ho 1,2 gam CH3OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp
sn phm X (gm HCHO, H2O v CH3OH d). Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d dung
dch AgNO3 trong NH3, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ho CH3OH l
A. 76,6%. B. 80,0%. C. 65,5%. D. 70,4%.
Cu 26: t chy mt hp cht hu c X, thu c 0,351 gam H2O v 0,4368 lt kh CO2 (
ktc). Bit X c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim khi un nng. Cht X l
A. O=CH-CH=O. B. CH2=CH-CH2-OH.
C. CH3COCH3. D. C2H5CHO.
Cu 27: Hiro ho hon ton hn hp M gm hai anehit X v Y no, n chc, mch h,
k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (MX < MY), thu c hn hp hai ancol c khi lng ln
hn khi lng M l 1 gam. t chy hon ton M thu c 30,8 gam CO2. Cng thc v
phn trm khi lng ca X ln lt l
A. HCHO v 50,56%. B. CH3CHO v 67,16%.
C. CH3CHO v 49,44%. D. HCHO v 32,44%.
Cu 28: Hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k
tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t
chy hon ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 17,8. B. 24,8. C. 10,5. D. 8,8.
Cu 29: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng
ng tc dng vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y
(c t khi hi so vi H2 l 13,75). Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3 un nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,8. B. 8,8. C. 7,4. D. 9,2.
Cu 30: Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng.
Oxi ho hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thch hp, thu
c hn hp sn phm hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong
NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 15,3. B. 13,5. C. 8,1. D. 8,5.
AXIT CACBOXYLIC
I - CU TO, DANH PHP

1. Cu to
Axit cacboxylic l hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm cacboxyl (-COOH) lin kt trc tip
vi nguyn t cacbon hoc nguyn t hiro.
Nhm C OH c gi l nhm cacboxyl, vit gn l -COOH.

||
O
Cng thc phn t : CnH2nO2; RCOOH; R(COOH)n

2. Danh php
Theo IUPAC, axit + tn ca hirocacbon tng ng + oic.
Tn thng thng ca cc axit c lin quan n ngun gc tm ra chng nn khng c tnh h

thng .
Tn mt s axit thng gp
Cng thc Tn thng thng Tn thay th
H-COOH Axit fomic Axit metanoic
CH3-COOH Axit axetic Axit etanoic
CH3CH2 -COOH Axit propionic Axit propanoic
(CH3)2CH-COOH Axit isobutiric Axit 2-metylpropanoic
CH3 (CH2 )3 -COOH Axit valeric Axit pentanoic

CH2=CHCOOH Axit acrylic Axit propenoic
CH2=C(CH3)-COOH Axit metacrylic Axit 2-metylpropenoic
HOOCCOOH Axit oxalic Axit etanioic
C6H5COOH Axit benzoic Axit benzoic
II - CU TRC V TNH CHT VT L

1. Cu trc
Nhm COOH c xem nh hp bi nhm cacbonyl ( >C=O) v nhm hiroxyl (OH) v th

n c gi l nhm cacboxyl. Tng tc gia nhm cacbonyl v nhm hiroxyl lm cho mt
electron nhm cacboxyl dch chuyn nh biu din bi cc mi tn:.
H qu l nguyn t hiro nhm OH axit tr nn linh ng hn nhm OH ancol, phenol

v phn ng ca nhm >C=O axit cng khng cn ging nh ca nhm >C=O anehit, xeton.
2. Tnh cht vt l
iu kin thng, tt c cc axit cacboxylic u l nhng cht lng hoc rn. im si ca

cc axit cacboxylic cao hn ca anehit, xeton v c ancol c cng s nguyn t cacbon.
Nguyn nhn l do s phn cc nhm cacboxyl v s to thnh lin kt hiro lin phn t
axit cacboxylic
III - TNH CHT HO HC

1. Tnh axit v nh hng ca nhm th
Do mt electron nhm OH dch chuyn v pha nhm C=O, nguyn t H ca nhm OH tr

nn linh ng nn axit cacboxylic in li khng hon ton trong nc theo cn bng :
[H3O ][RCOO- ]
R COOH H 2O H3O R COO ; Ka
[RCOOH]
Ka l mc o lc axit : Ka cng ln th axit cng mnh v ngc li. Lc axit ca axit

cacboxylic ph thuc vo cu to ca nhm nguyn t lin kt vi nhm cacboxyl (k hiu
chung l R).
H-COOH CH3 COOH CH3CH 2 COOH CH3 [CH 2 ]4 COOH
Ka (25oC) : 17,72. 10 -5 1,75. 10-5 1,33. 10-5 1,29. 10-5
Cc nguyn t c m in ln gc R ht electron khi nhm cacboxyl nn lm tng lc

axit. Th d :
CH3 COOH ClCH2 COOH F CH 2 COOH
Ka (25oC) : 1,75. 10-5 13,5. 10-5 26,9. 10-5

2. Phn ng to thnh dn xut axit
a ) Phn ng vi ancol (phn ng este ho)
H ,t o
CH 3 C OH + C2H5 -O-H CH3 C OC 2 H5 + H2O

|| ||
O O
axit axetic etanol etyl axetat
b) Phn ng tch nc lin phn t

2 P O
5 CH C O C CH , vit gn l (CH CO) O
CH C O H H O C CH3
H O 3 3 3 2
|| || 2 || ||
O O O O
axit axetic anhirit axetic
3. Phn ng gc hirocacbon
a) Phn ng th gc no : Khi dng P lm xc tc, Cl ch th cho H cacbon bn cnh nhm

cacboxyl. Th d :
P
CH3CH2 CH2COOH + Cl2
CH3CH 2 CHCOOH + HCl
|
Cl
b) Phn ng th gc thm : Nhm cacboxyl vng benzen nh hng cho phn ng th
tip theo vo v tr meta v lm cho phn ng kh khn hn so vi th vo benzen :
axit benzoic axit m-nitrobenzoic

c) Phn ng cng vo gc khng no : Axit khng no tham gia phn ng cng H2, Br2, Cl 2
nh hirocacbon khng no. Th d :
Ni
CH3[CH2]7 CH=CH[CH2]7 COOH + H2 CH3 [CH2]7 CH2CH2[CH2]7 COOH
t0
axit oleic axit stearic

CH3CH=CHCOOH + Br2 CH3CHBr-CHBrCOOH
IV - IU CH V NG DNG
1. iu ch
a) Trong phng th nghim
1)KMnO 4
2)H3O
C6H5CH3 o
C6H5COOH
H 2O,t
KCN H O , t o
3
R-X R-CN
R-COOH
b) Trong cng nghip :
Men gim
CH3CH2OH + O2 o
CH3COOH + H2O
2530 C
1 xt,t o
CH3CH O O2 CH3COOH
2
o
xt, t
CH3OH + CO CH3COOH
BI TP AXIT CABOXYLIC
Cu 1: Axit stearic c cng thc phn t no sau y ?
A. C17H35COOH. B. C17H33COOH. C. C15H31COOH. D. C17H31COOH.
Cu 2: Cht no sau y c ng phn cis - trans ?

A. 2-Metylbut-1-en. B. Axit oleic.
C. But-2-in. D. Axit panmitic.
Cu 3: C3H6O2 c tt c bao nhiu ng phn mch h ?

A. 8. B. 5. C. 7. D. 3.
Cu 4: Axit fomic c phn ng trng gng v trong phn t c

A. nhm cacbonyl. B. nhm cacboxyl.
C. nhm chc anehit. D. nhm hiroxyl.

Cu 5: Ba cht hu c A, B, C c cng nhm nh chc, c cng thc phn t tng ng l
CH2O2, C2H4O2, C3H4O2. Tn gi cc cht A, B, C ln lt l
A. axit fomic, axit axetic, axit metacrylic.
B. metyl fomat, metyl axetat, metyl acrylat.

C. axit fomic, axit acrylic, axit propionic.
D. axit fomic, axit axetic, axit acrylic.

Cu 6: So snh nhit si ca cc cht: ancol etylic (1), nc (2), imetyl ete (3), axit axetic
(4). Kt qu no ng ?
A. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4). B. (3) < (1) < (2) < (4).
C. (2) < (4) < (1) < (3). D. (4) < (2) < (1) < (3).
Cu 7: Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol etylic (Z) v imetyl ete (T).
Dy cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si l
A. T, Z, Y, X. B. Z, T, Y, X. C. T, X, Y, Z. D. Y, T, X, Z.
Cu 8: Dy gm cc cht c xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn t tri sang phi l:
A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H6, CH3COOH.
B. CH3COOH, C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH.
C. C2H6, C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH.
D. C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH, CH3COOH.
Cu 9: Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si t tri sang phi l

A. CH3COOH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3CHO.
B. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH.

C. CH3COOH, HCOOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
D. HCOOH, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
Cu 10: So snh tnh axit ca cc cht: CH3COOH (A) ; C2H5OH (B) ; C6H5OH (C) ;
HCOOH (D). Th t tnh axit gim dn l
A. C > B > A > D. B. D > B > A > C.
C. D > A > C > B. D. B > C > D > A.

Cu 11: Cht khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l
A. isopren. B. stiren.
C. etylbenzen. D. axit metacrylic.
Cu 12: C tt c bao nhiu hp cht n chc, mch h cha nguyn t hiro linh ng c
cng thc l C4H6O2 ?
A. 5. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 13: Ch t xenluloz v cc cht v c cn thit, c th qua ti thiu my phn ng
iu ch etyl axetat ?
A. 3. B. 5. C. 6. D. 4.
Cu 14: Cho cc cht sau: phenol, etanol, axit axetic, natri phenolat, natri hiroxit. S cp cht
tc dng c vi nhau l
A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1.
Cu 15: Cho s chuyn ho: Glucoz

X
Y
CH3COOH
Hai cht X, Y ln lt l
A. CH3CH2OH v CH2=CH2. B. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH.
C. CH3CH2OH v CH3CHO. D. CH3CH(OH)COOH v CH3CHO.
Cu 16: Dy gm cc cht c th iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra axit axetic l

A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H5COOCH3.
B. CH3CHO, C6H12O6 (glucoz), CH3OH.

C. CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
D. C2H4(OH)2, CH3OH, CH3CHO.

Cu 17: Cc cht hu c n chc X1, X2, X3, X4 c cng thc tng ng l CH2O, CH2O2,
C2H6O, C2H4O2. Chng thuc cc dy ng ng khc nhau, trong c mt cht tc dng
c vi natri sinh ra kh hiro. Cng thc cu to X1, X2, X3, X4 ln lt l
A. HCHO, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3.
B. CH3OH, HCHO, CH3OCH3, CH3COOH.

C. HCHO, HCOOH, CH3OCH3, HCOOCH3.
D. HCHO, CH3OCH3, CH3OH, CH3COOH.
Cu 18: Cho s chuyn ho:

(1)
X C3H6Br2 (2)
C3H8O2
(3) C3H4O2
(4) HOOC-CH2-COOH
X l cht no sau y ?
A. Xiclopropan. B. Propen.
C. Propan. D. Xiclopropan hoc propen.
Cu 19: Cho s phn ng:

CH I HONO CuO
NH3 3
X Y
o
Z
(t l mol 1 : 1) t
Bit Z c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y v Z ln lt l
A. C2H5OH, HCHO. B. C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
C. CH3OH, HCHO. D. CH3OH, HCOOH.

Cu 20: Axit cacboxylic no, mch h X c cng thc thc nghim (C3H4O3)n, vy cng thc
phn t ca X l
A. C6H8O6. B. C3H4O3. C. C12H16O12. D. C9H12O9.
Cu 21: X l mt ng ng ca benzen c cng thc nguyn l (C3H4)n ; Y l mt axit no a

chc c cng thc nguyn l (C3H4O3)n. Hai cht X, Y ln lt c cng thc phn t l
A. C6H8, C9H12O9. B. C9H12, C6H8O6.

C. C9H12, C9H12O9. D. C6H8, C6H8O6.
Cu 22: X l hp cht mch h cha C, H, O. X ch cha nhm chc c nguyn t hiro linh
ng. Nu cho X tc dng vi Na th s mol H2 thot ra bng s mol ca X. Cng thc ca X
l
A. R(COOH)2. B. R(OH)2.
C. HO-R-COOH D. C A, B, C u ng.
Cu 23: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na

hoc vi NaHCO3 th u sinh ra a mol kh. Cht X l
A. etylen glicol. B. axit aipic.
C. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic. D. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic.

Cu 24: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 l
A. anehit axetic, but-1-in, etilen. B. anehit axetic, axetilen, but-2-in.
C. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin. D. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen.
Cu 25: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O2 (
ktc), thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96. B. 11,2. C. 6,72. D. 4,48.
Cu 26: t chy 7,3 gam mt axit no, mch h thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,25 mol H2O.
Axit cho c cng thc l
A. COOH-COOH. B. C2H5COOH. C. C4H8(COOH)2. D. CH3COOH.
Cu 27: t chy hon ton a mol axit hu c Y c 2a mol CO2. Mt khc, trung ho a
mol Y cn va 2a mol NaOH. Cng thc cu to ca Y l
A. HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH. B. C2H5-COOH.
C. CH3-COOH. D. HOOC-COOH.
Cu 28: trung ho 6,72 gam mt axit cacboxylic Y (no, n chc), cn dng 200 gam
dung dch NaOH 2,24%. Cng thc ca Y l
A. CH3COOH. B. HCOOH. C. C2H5COOH. D. C3H7COOH.
Cu 29: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht Z l mui natri ca mt axit hu c n chc thu
c kh CO2, hi nc v Na2CO3 ; trong c 0,15 mol CO2. Cng thc cu to ca Z l
A. HCOONa. B. C2H5COONa. C. CH3COONa. D. C2H3COONa.
Cu 30: Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600
ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, thu c hn hp cht rn khan c
khi lng l
Cu 31: Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung
dch gm KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht
rn khan. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C2H5COOH. B. CH3COOH. C. HCOOH. D. C3H7COOH.
Cu 32: Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO3 thu c
7,28 gam mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. CH2=CH-COOH. B. CH3COOH.
C. HC C-COOH. D. CH3-CH2-COOH.
Cu 33: Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d dung
dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to
thnh l
Cu 34: Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH2=CH-COOH, CH3COOH v CH2=CH-
CHO phn ng va vi dung dch cha 6,4 gam brom. Mt khc, trung ho 0,04 mol
X cn dng va 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,75M. Khi lng ca CH2=CH-COOH trong
X l
Cu 35: Trung ho 8,2 gam hn hp gm axit fomic v mt axit n chc X cn 100 ml dung
dch NaOH 1,5M. Nu cho 8,2 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3, un nng th thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Tn gi ca X l
A. axit acrylic. B. axit propanoic.
C. axit etanoic. D. axit metacrylic.
Cu 36: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn
ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l
A. 55%. B. 50%. C. 62,5%. D. 75%.
Cu 37: Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH (t l mol 1 : 1). Ly 5,3 gam hn
hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este
(hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,12. B. 6,48. C. 8,10. D. 16,20.
Cu 38: Khi thc hin phn ng este ho 1 mol CH3COOH v 1 mol C2H5OH, lng este
ln nht thu c l 2/3 mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin hnh
este ho 1 mol CH3COOH cn s mol C2H5OH l (bit cc phn ng este ho thc hin
cng nhit )
A. 0,342. B. 2,925. C. 2,412. D. 0,456.
Cu 39: Cho hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch khng phn nhnh. t chy hon ton
0,3 mol hn hp X, thu c 11,2 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Nu trung ho 0,3 mol X th cn dng 500
ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Hai axit l
A. HCOOH, HOOC-COOH. B. HCOOH, HOOC-CH2-COOH.
C. HCOOH, C2H5COOH. D. HCOOH, CH3COOH.
Cu 40: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t
cacbon). Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt
kh H2 ( ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO2. Cng thc cu to thu
gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l
A. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 70,87%. B. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 54,88%.
C. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%. D. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%.
S hc nh con thuyn trn dng nc ngc,

khng tin t s li !
CHC CC EM HC TT !

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Ti liu LTH mn ha hc nm 2012 - 2013 Lu hnh ni b

S GIO DC & O TO NNG

GV Hunh Phc Hi - HSPN -2- Cell phone: 0935228284

3 tri C-C-C prop Khng xut pht t

4 tetra C-C-C-C but s m

5 penta C-C-C-C-C pent

6 hexa C-C-C-C-C-C hex

7 hepta C-C-C-C-C-C-C hep

8 octa C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C oct Xut pht t s m

9 nona C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C non

Cu 4 : Hp cht hu c X c cng thc C4H9Br. un hn hp gm X, KOH v ancol etylic

GV Hunh Phc Hi - HSPN -3- Cell phone: 0935228284

A. Axit 2-metylpropanoic B. Axit 2-metylbutanoic

A. 1-amino-3-metyl benzen. C. m-toludin.

Ankan Cng thc Cn t nc ,oC ts ,o C Khi lng ring (g/cm3)

GV Hunh Phc Hi - HSPN -7- Cell phone: 0935228284

b. Phn ng tch (gy lin kt C - C v C - H)

b) Cng nc (phn ng hirat ho)

GV Hunh Phc Hi - HSPN -9- Cell phone: 0935228284

GV Hunh Phc Hi - HSPN - 10 - Cell phone: 0935228284

Khi c mt xc tc HgSO4 trong mi trng axit, H2O cng vo lin kt ba to ra hp cht

b. Phn ng th bng ion kim loi

Cu 1: Hai hirocacbon A v B c cng CTPT C5H12 tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l mol 1 : 1 th A

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Su nguyn t C trong phn t benzen to thnh mt lc gic u. C 6 nguyn t C v 6

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Benzen tc dng vi hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 m c to thnh nitrobenzen :

Nitrobenzen tc dng vi hn hp axit HNO3 bc khi v H2SO4 m c ng thi un nng

Benzen khng tc dng vi KMnO4 (khng lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4).

C6H5CH3 C6H5CH2CH3 C6H5CH2CH2-CH3

Metylbenzen (toluen) etylbenzen propylbenzen

Cc ankylbenzen hp thnh dy ng ng ca benzen c cng thc chung l CnH2n-6 vi n 6.

Khi coi vng benzen l mch chnh th cc nhm ankyl nh vi n l

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etylbenzen 1,2-imetylbenzen 1,3-imetylbenzen 1,4-imetylbenzen

Tc dng Cl2, HNO3

Quy tc th vng benzen

BI TP HIROCACBON MCH VNG

Cu 1 : CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 Cht c tn l g ?

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Cc nhm X,Y ph hp s trn l :

Cc nhm X,Y khng ph hp vi s trn l :

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1. Cng thc phn t

Xiclo C6H11OH Ancol no, bc II Ancol n chc (monoancol)

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 (CH3)2CHCH2OH (CH3)3COH

Tn thng thng (tn gc - chc) :

Mch chnh c quy nh l mch cacbon di nht c cha nhm OH.

S ch v tr c bt u t pha gn nhm OH hn.

butan-1-ol butan-2-ol 2-metylpropan-1-ol 2-metylpropan-2-ol

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etan-1,2-iol propan-1,2,3-triol 3,7-imetyloct-6-en-1-ol

CH3OH -97,7 64,7 0,792

CH3CH2OH -114,5 78,3 0,789

CH3CH2CH2OH -126,1 97,2 0,804

CH3CH(OH)CH3 -89,0 82,4 0,785

CH2=CHCH2OH -129,0 97,0 0,854

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH -89,5 117,3 0,809 9 (15oC)

(CH3)3COH -25,5 82,2 0,789

(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH -117,2 132,0 0,812 2,7 (22oC)

HO CH2CH2OH -12,6 197,8 1,115

HOCH2CHOHCH2OH 20,0 290,0 1,260

C6H5CH2OH -15,3 205,3 1,045 4,0 (17oC)