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Qung sng xut hin quanh khi u thng biu hin chy mu
Du hiu co ko
vm honh (mi tn
lin, v hnh x phi
sau x tr u trung
tht (mi tn t).
du hiu hnh nhn quanh ng
mch phi tk trung tht
du hiu gim ti mu
Bnh thng trn phim nghing, ct sng sng dn t trn xung, bng m
vng thp ca ct sng thng gp trong vim phi, u phi
hnh t ong
Hnh t ong l
tp hp ca
nhiu kn nh
di mng phi.
Thng gp
trong x phi.
C hnh GPQ
km theo
dy vch lin tiu thy -
ng kerley
Tn thng nhiu kn c kch thc khc nhau, b mng, nt thy
trn hai bn phi, trong khi thy di phi bnh thng
tn thng kn
Khng c c
im b trn,
nhn, thy c
hnh ng mch
phi gia. y
l hnh nh gin
ph nang trung
tm tiu thy
nhiu nt m trung tm
tiu thy knh m
Nhiu nt cnh mch mu ph qun, c b tng i r, thng gp trong u
lympho c tnh, bch cu cp, mn, sarcom kaposi
hnh nh knh m
Hnh nh knh m BN vim phi nng (cn nhn thy cc ng mch phi)
2. Cc hi chng
2.1. Hc lp y ph nang
L tp hp cc du hiu Xquang ca
tn thng khoang cha kh tn cng
ca tiu thu phi th 2; ph nang b
lp y dch hoc t bo hoc cc cht
v hnh, biu hin trn phim Xquang
bng bng m ph nang.
Nguyn nhn
Vim phi, vim phi sau tc nghn (do
lao, ung th), hi chng try h hp cp
tnh.
Lao phi.
Xp phi th ng do trn kh, trn dch
mng phi.
Vim phi tng cm.
Nhi mu phi, ph phi huyt ng (hnh
nh cnh bm).
Ung th tiu ph qun ph nang: thm
nhim phi mn tnh cng vi du hiu
ph qun hi.
c im Xquang
Phn b c h thng theo thy hoc phn thy
phi.
C du hiu ph qun hi.
Th tch phi bnh thng.
C th gp hnh nh cnh bm (trong ph phi
ph nang cp tnh), hoc hnh nh m ton b
phi trong hi chng suy h php cp tnh tin
trin.
Du hiu Xquang ca hi chng ph nang cn c
th l nt ph nang hnh dng trn hoc tri xoan
gii hn chung quanh l m, ng knh 6mm
thng gp trong cc trng hp vim phi khng
in hnh, vim phi ngi gi.
Trong vim phi do Klebsiella pneumoniae, th
rnh lin thy gia b vng xung di (bulging).
2.2. Hi chng m k
Gm cc du hiu Xquang ca tn
thng khu vc m k ca phi:
ngoi vi, trc xung quanh ph qun,
mch mu v thnh ph nang. Tn
thng m k nhn c trn Xquang
phi l do tnh trng ph n khong k
do thm dch (ph phi k), mu tnh
mch (tng p tnh mch phi), tr
bch huyt (ph phi k, vim bch
mch ung th), pht trin t chc bnh
l (u ht, s phi m k).
Nguyn nhn
Vim bch mch ung th, x phi m
k v cn, bnh bi phi silic, bnh
sacoidosis th phi, vim phi tng
cm, vim phi virut, vim phi do
pneumocystis Carinii, cc u ht phi;
lao k.
Ph phi m k trong hp van 2 l kht.
Cc du hiu Xquang ca
hi chng m k
Hin tng dy vch lin tiu thu to thnh
cc ng Kerley
ng Kerley B (B = Base: y) hay gp nht, l
nhng ng m nm ngang dy t 1 ti 2mm, di
1cm, thng tip ni vi mng phi c v tr
vng y phi v gc sn honh.
ng Kerley A (A = Apex: nh) him hn, hnh
cong, b dy cng nh vy, chiu dy t 3 ti
5cm, c v tr vng gia v vng nh phi.
ng Kerley C (C= Cois: bt cho) trng thy
trn phim chp nghing c to nn do chng
ln nhau ca ng a v B.
ng Kerley D, him hn, dy hn (dy t 3
4mm, di t 4 6cm) c v tr phn trc ca
phi nhn thy trn phim chp nghing.
Cc du hiu Xquang ca
hi chng m k
Dy trc xung quanh ph qun mch
mu
Hin tng dy v bao dn ti hnh m cc
mch mu, lm b vin ca chng km r.
Thnh ph qun bnh thng khng nhn
thy. Khi quan st c thnh ph qun
gia mt vng nhu m phi cha kh th c
ngha l t chc lin kt bao quanh ph
nang dy ln.
Hnh nh ny gp trong vim phi khng
in hnh, vim phi do virut hoc phi
tim.
Cc du hiu Xquang ca
hi chng m k
Tn thng trong tiu thy v hnh nh hn
hp
ng Kerley C (croise: cho nhau) cn gi
ng li, l hnh nh hn hp phn nh tn
thng vch lin tiu thy cng nh vch ph
nang.
Hnh nh li nt nh c th cc b hoc ri rc
lan ta (cc nt di 3mm ng knh ) thng
gp trong vim phi m k, x phi m k v.v
Hnh nh knh m: giai on u ca tn thng
m k nhn r trn phim chp ct lp vi tnh, cc
b hoc lan ta, khng c h thng.
Hnh nh t ong l cc ph hu nh cnh nhau
ng knh t 3-10mm kch thc u, ri ra n
tn mng phi.
oap
Cc ng Kerley trong ph phi cp
x phi
GiQn ph qun.
Ung th ph qun.
Lao ni ph qun.
Vim m ph qun.
Cc du hiu Xquang:
Cc du hiu trc tip:
Hnh nh ng ray.
Hnh ng, c tay o.
Hnh nhn. Hnh nh chm nho (gin ph
qun th ti).
Hnh nh ci tru (ti gin ph qun).
Hnh ngn tay i gng.
Hnh nh ch V hoc ch Y ch phn chia
ph qun do dch nhy qunh ng khun
trong lng ph qun to nn.
Thy hnh ph qun i st vo mng phi,
trung tht.
Cc du hiu Xquang:
Cc du hiu gin tip:
Hnh nh kh cm: thy phi di ch cht hp
tng th tch, tng sng do tun hon gim
v ph nang cng gin; rnh lin thy vng ln
v pha nhu m phi bnh thng; trung tht
b y v bn phi lnh; khe gian sn gin
rng v gin mt 1/2 lng ngc bn phi
di ch cht hp.
Xp phi: th tch thy phi b xp co nh li;
mch mu vng xp xt li gn nhau. rnh
lin thy di chuyn v pha xp phi, rn phi
di chuyn theo chiu thng ng, vm honh
b ko ln cao, khi th vo trung tht lch v
bn xp phi, khe gian sn xp li vng
xp phi, na lng ngc bn xp p hi nh li,
gin phi b phi lnh
GiQn PQ hnh ti
lan ta vi mc
kh - nc
GiQn PQ hnh
ti lan ta vi
mc kh -
nc ca
cng BN
GPQ lan ta hai bn
ng
knh
PQ
khng
nh i
bn
phi
GPQ lan ta hai bn
ng
knh PQ
ln hn
ng
mch:
du hiu
nhn mt
ngc
Vim phi
bnh vin
Sau 3 ngy
xp phi thy gia
xp phi thy trn
xp thy gia
xp thy di phi
xp thy di tri
2.5. Hi chng mch mu
Gim phn b mch:
Trn phim Xquang chun l hnh nh gim
khu knh ng mch v tnh mch phi,
i khi thng km theo gim s lng
mch mu. gim phn b mch thng
km theo tng sng vng phi
nhn r trn phim chp in th thp. Chp
khi c sc th ra c th phn bit c
gim phn b mch km theo hoc khng
c kh cm vng gim dng my.
2.5. Hi chng mch mu
Tng phn b mch phi:
Phn b mch phi tng ln do tng lu lng
ng mch phi hoc tng p tnh mch phi.
Tng lu lng ng mch (phn b mch tng
ch ng) biu hin bng tng khu knh tt c
cc ng mch v tnh mch trung tm cng nh
ngoi vi; lc ny hnh nh mch mu c th nhn
thy di mng phi t nht cch mng phi
15mm v cc mch mu thy trn c phn b
li theo t l 1/1 hoc 2/1. Cc nguyn nhn ca
tng lu lng khp 2 phi l st cao, cng gip,
Shunt tri - phi trong tim (tn ti ng ng
mch, thng lin tht) v d ng tnh mch (Sunt
tri phi ngoi tim). Tng p lc tnh mch phi
(phn b mch tng th ng) biu hin bng
tng phn b mch vng nh phi.
Cc du hiu Xquang ca
cao p ng mch phi:
Hai rn phi rng v to m ging b
ru mp ca ngi hin binh.
Mch mu phi ngoi vi tha tht
mnh d.
ng knh ng mch phi thy di
phi > 16mm (bnh thng ng knh
ngang < 16mm gi l ch s Johnson
Wood).
2.6. Hi chng hang
Nguyn nhn
Hang ung th: (ung th trung tm , u ln,
ung th biu m dng biu b) b trong li
lm g gh, thnh dy, b ngoi c tua,
gai, mi, khe nt, t khi c mc nc
ngang.
p xe phi: kch thc c th 6cm, b
trong u, trong lng c mc nc ngang
ln cao, xung quanh c ng c phi.
Hang lao: kch thc t khi > 6cm, t c
mc nc ngang, thnh hang c th dy
hoc mng, b ngoi u trn hoc mo,
b trong u, chung quanh thng c
thm nhim, nt lao hoc tn thng x
ha.
Nguyn nhn
Nt c hang ri rc: gp trong cc nghn tc
ng mch phi nhim khun, di cn phi hoi
t, bnh u ht Wegener.
Kn kh phi, kn ph qun: dim mng, u,
chung quanh l phi bnh thng, trong lng
khng c mc nc ngang, v mc nc
ngang ch xut hin khi c bi nhim.
Hang trong bnh nm phi (blastomyces,
Aspergillus): c mt hoc nhiu hang kch
thc khng ln.
U nm do Aspergillus: hnh nh ci nhc
(image en grelot) hoc hnh nh lim hi (air -
crescent sign) hoc hnh mi mc, c im l
u di ng trong lng hang khi thay i t th.
Hnh nh Xquang
dy ca thnh hang: t 1mm n vi cm;
kn kh thng b u mng < 1-2mm.
Thnh hang khng dy qu 4mm th i a s
l lnh tnh. Nu thnh hang dy t 5mm n
15mm th 51% lnh tnh, 49% c tnh, khi thnh
hang dy trn 15mm th i a s l c tnh
(hang ung th).
Bn trong lng hang:
C th ch l kh hoc c mc nc ngang hoc
c n u, mnh mc nt, mu cc, chung quanh l
kh.
Lim hi trn gp trong kn nang sn b gip v,
u nm Aspergillus. Nu lim hi bn cnh hoc
di ca hang th gp trong hoi th phi, bnh
nm Aspergillus th xm nhp.
Hnh nh Xquang
Hnh nh t ong: cc hang nh ni lin nhau
ng knh 3-10mm, kch thc u nhau ri ra
ti mng phi. Hnh nh nygp giai on
cui ca bnh bi phi, bnh Saciz, bnh
x phi m k v cn, bnh m bo huyt X.
Hnh nh a kn phi: gp trong cc p xe
ri rc do nghn mch hu khun, tn thng
lao ph hu, ti kh sau nhim khun phi (t
cu vng), di cn phi, bng kh, giQn ph
qun th kn.
Hnh nh a hang phi thnh dy: p xe phi
nhiu ch, lao phi, di cn phi do ung th.
Chp ct lp pht hin hang b tim tri, rn
phi, mi sau ca vm honh hoc dy dnh
mng phi rng che lp.
2.7. Hi chng mng phi
Nguyn nhn:
Do lao: trn dch xut tit, dch mu
vng chanh.
Do tim: trn dch thm trong suy tim
tri
Do ung th: trn dch huyt thanh mu
hoc mu di cn ung th.
U trung biu m mng phi, dy dnh
mng phi, m mng phi u thuc
vo hi chng mng phi.
Cc du hiu Xquang ca
hi chng mng phi
Trn dch t y phi: hnh t gc sn
honh, c th chp t th nm nghing
c th thy hnh dch mng phi lng
thnh lp mng vng thp.
Trn dch t do khoang mng phi mc
va: c ng cong Damoiseau nhn thy
phim thng v phim nghing.
Trn dch mng phi nhiu: hnh m ton
b mt bn phi.
Trn dch mng phi c th: cc b, ng
ngn, khu tr rQnh lin thy nh, hoc
ln, hoc trung tht di.
hnh mc nc hi trong ln
hay khoang mng phi:
ng knh mc nc ngang trn phim
thng v phim nghing bng nhau: p
xe phi.
ng knh mc nc ngang phim
nghing di hn mc nc ngang trn
phim thng: l hnh kh nc mng
phi chng hn ti m mng phi.
Trn dch th vm honh