[SEGi University]

Chemical Engineering Laboratory III

SEGi University
Experiment 3: Extraction of Benzoic Acid

Candidates Name: Hilary Puspa Sari E.L

Student ID: SUKD 1504282

Group Members Name:

Neow Yee Keat
Julia Michael

Lecturer/ Supervisor: Dr. Yap PS

Date of Experiment: March 15, 2017
Date of Submission: March 22, 2017
1. Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the overall mass transfer
coefficient of benzoic acid b etween kerosene and distilled water. From the experiment, we
are able to find the values of the time taken for 10 droplets to travel from the top to the bottom, the
concentration of 50 droplets and the volume of NaOH needed to neutralize kerosene- acid
solution with distilled water. Calculation are done on the average time travelled for each
droplet, average volume for 50 droplets, average volume for 1 droplet, average surface
area of the droplet, concentration of benzoic acid in aqueous, concentration of benzoic
acid in kerosene. Mole of benzoic acid transferred, molar flux and mass transfer
coefficient

2. Introduction/ Theoretical Background

Kerosene

(Saturated with Benzoic acid)

CB

C*B H2O droplet

NB

Figure 1.1
Figure 1.1 shows a schematic diagram of a drop of water moving through kerosene saturated
with benzoic acid. Because of the concentration difference between the benzoic acid in the
kerosene and a water droplet, benzoic acid is transferred across the droplet interface into the
water. The molar flux of benzoic acid through the interface, NB (mol/m2s) is given by:

C * B C B
NB = KC ( )

CB
Where C*B is the concentration of benzoic acid in kerosene at saturation, is the average
concentration of benzoic acid in the aqueous phase and KC is the mass transfer coefficient. To

CB
determine KC, we need to know NB, C*B and . The experiment is designed to determine KC.

3. Methodology
3.1. Equipments
1. Pasteur Pipette
2. Burrete
3. Kerosene
4. Pure Water
5. Beaker

Cautions
Be careful of benzoic acid, the affect can be facial swelling, Allergic reaction,
Application site redness, Application site irritation, Shortness of breathe.

3.2. Method/steps
1. Adjusted the burrete.
2. Filled the 100 ml burette with kerosene saturated with benzoic acid.
3. Positioned the pipette within 1 cm of the kerosene surface.
4. Carefully squeezed the pipette to produce single droplets at a steady stream
and made the droplets travelled at the center of the burette to the bottom.
5. Put slowly 1 droplet distilled water and continued until 6 droplets for
tested.
 6. Dropped 10 droplets of distilled water inside the burrete with Pasteur
pipette and recorded the time.
7. Calculated the initial reading and the final reading after dropped 10 droplets
of distilled water.
8. Continued to drop distilled water with pasteur pipette to burette until the
distilled water reached to 20 ml on beaker.
9. Drained the aqueous layer, at the bottom of the burrete, into a beaker.
10. Dropped 3 drops of phenolphthalein with pasteur pipette to the breaker.
11. Put NaOH to another burette and dropped slowly to the breaker until it
changed colour to pink.
12. Took another breaker and filled it with 10 ml of benzoic, 25 ml of distilled
water and dropped 3 drops of phenolphthalein with pasteur pipette to the
breaker.
13. Slowly dropped NaOH to the breaker until it changed colour to pink.
14. Calculated the different volume levels of NaOH .

4. Results

4.1 Table

Table 1: Time droplets to transfer

Drople Time
 ts (s)
1 6.55
2 6.19
3 6.07
4 5.45
5 5.3
6 4.9
7 4.19
8 4.16
9 3.56
10 4.69
Avg
5.106
Time

Table 2: The change in volume for 50 droplets

volu Average Volume

Initial Final
me of
Readin
Reading 50 droplets
No g
of of
V1-V2
Burette Burette (mL) (m3)
V1 (mL) V2 (mL) (mL)
0.03
1 10.4 8.6 1.8 3.6 x 10-5
6
0.03
2 8.6 6.8 1.8 3.6 x 10-5
6

Table 3: First titration

Collect
Initial Final Sodium
ed
solutio Hydroxi
NaOH NaOH
n de
(mL) (mL) (mL) (mL)
20 6.5 22.4 15.9

Table 4: Second titration

Kerosene- Water Sodium

 Benzoic Hydroxide,
Acid
(mL) NaOH (mL)
Solution(mL)
10 25 47.5

4.2 Calculation

a) Average time travelled for each droplet

6.55+ 6.19+6.07+5.45+5.30+ 4.90+4.19+ 4.16+3.56+ 4.69

Time avg = 10

= 5.106

b) Average volume for 50 droplets

1.8+ 1.8
Avg vol = 2

= 1.8 ml

Average volume of a droplet

1.8
Ave vol = 50

= 0.036 ml

1 m3
= (0.036 ml) ( 1000 l )

= 3.6 x 10-8 m3
c) Average Surface Area of the Droplet

Assuming the droplet is spherical

4 3
r
V= 3

4 3
3.6 x 10-8 m3 =
r
3

8
(3.6 x 10 )(3)
4 = r3

1.08 x 107
4 = r3

8.4823x10-8 = r3

3 8.4823 x 108 =r

0.004393 m = r

d) The surface area of the droplets

A = 4r2

= 4 (0.004393)2

= 2.4251x10-4 m2

e) Concentration of benzoic acid in aqueous

NaOH + C6H5COOH C6H5COONa + H2O
C6H5COOH = A NaOH = B
The concentration of benzoic acid in aqueous, CB = 23.85 mol/m3

f) Concentration of benzoic acid in kerosene

The concentration of benzoic acid in kerosene was 142.5 mol/m3

g) Mole of benzoic acid transferred

= mV

= (23.85 mol/m3) (3.6 x 10-8 m3)

= 8.5856x10-7 mol

h) Molar Flux

i) Mass transfer of coefficient

5. Discussion

5.1 Analysis
 From the table one from each droplet from 1-10 shows different time from 6.55
of first droplets to 4.69 of tenth droplets and it has variety time and the average of the
time is 5.106 seconds. From the second table is about the change volume for 50
droplets. The intial volume is 10.4 ml and the final reading is 8.6 the volume difference
is 1.8 ml, the average volume of 50 droplets is 0.036 ml or 3.6 x 10-8. We did second
initial reading which is 8.6 and the second final reading is 6.8 with same different
volume which was 1.8 ml. From table three we got 20 ml of collected solution and added
with NaOh, the initial volume of NaOH was 6.5 ml and the final reading of NaOH is
22.4 ml, the sodium hydroxide is 15.9 ml. After we done with first titration we moved to
second titration, filled with kerosene-benzoic acid solution for 10 ml and water for ml to
turned pink it took 47.5 ml of sodium hydroxide. The average surface are of the droplet
is 0.004393 m. The surface area of the droplets iss 2.4251x10-4 m2. The concentration of
benzoic acid in aqueous is 23.85 mol/m3. Mole of benzoic acid transferred is 8.5856x10-7
mol, the molar flux is 6.93394x10-4 mol/m2s and the mass transfer of coefficient is
5.31x10-6 m/s. When the diameter of the droplet decreases, the mass transfer area between
benzoic acid and disttiled water droplet will decreases but the mass flux and mass transfer coefficient
will increase.

5.2 Conclusion

This lab gave the student adequate knowledge and skills to perform extraction of
Benzoic Acid. Therefore, the student can now effectively go about a liquid-liquid
extraction if necessary in research or any field of study. Unfortunately there were some
error in measuring droplets, when we dropped distilled water it touched the wall for three
times, and also the water stuck in the middle, didnt even touch the bottom for couple of
times. The amount of kerosene drained with the water may be too much. This
experiment is acceptable in industry for the extraction of solution

6. References
 1. http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm/lab_manuals/c1901exp8.html
2. http://www.mendelset.com/articles/685/extraction_and_determination_distribu
tion_coefficient_kd
3. http://faculty.swosu.edu/william.kelly/pdf/extractm.pdf

7. Appendix