Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2017
ISSN No: - 2456 - 2165
Integration of Wireless Sensor Network with Mobile
Cloud Computing using Efficient Collaborative
Location Based Sleep Scheduling Schemes
Amit chougule, Jadkar Ganesh, Madhura Kulkarni
Universal College of Engineering,
Near Katraj Tunnel,
Sasewadi, Pune (SPPU)
Abstract :- Recently, much research has proposed to
integrate mobile cloud computing (MCC) with wireless
sensor networks (WSNs) so that powerful cloud computing
can be exploited to process the data gathered by
ubiquitous WSNs and share the results with mobile users.
However, all current MCC-WSN integration schemes
ignore the following two observations: 1) the specific data
mobile users request usually depend on the current
locations of mobile users 2) most sensors are usually
equipped with non-rechargeable batteries with limited
energy. In this paper, motivated by these two observations,
two novel collaborative location-based sleep scheduling
(CLSS) schemes are proposed for WSNs integrated with
MCC. Based on the locations of mobile users, CLSS
dynamically determines the awake or asleep status of each
sensor node to reduce energy consumption of the
integrated WSN. Particularly, CLSS1 focuses on
maximizing the energy consumption saving of the
integrated WSN while CLSS2 considers also the scalability
and robustness of the integrated WSN. Theoretical and
simulation results show that for WSNs integrated with
MCC, both CLSS1 and CLSS2 can prolong the WSN
lifetime while still satisfying the data requests of mobile
users.
Keywords:- Mobile cloud computing, wireless sensor
networks, integration, location, network lifetime, sleep
scheduling.
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Mobile Cloud Computing (CC)
Cloud computing is a novel computing model for enabling
convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers,
storage, applications, services) [1]. By further integrating
CC into a mobile environment, mobile cloud computing
(MCC) can offload much of the data processing and storage
tasks from mobile devices (e.g., smart phones, tablets, etc.)
to the cloud. MCC is widely considered to not only greatly
relieve the processing, storage and energy capacity
IJISRT17AP43 www.ijisrt.com
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
B.S.Kamble
Professor
Universal College of Engineering,
Near Katraj Tunnel, Sasewadi, Pune (SPPU)
limitations of mobile devices, but also provide users with
many new mobile services (e.g., mobile cloud learning,
mobile cloud gaming, mobile cloud healthcare) [2], [3]. For
instance, regarding mobile cloud learning, traditional
mobile learning may encounter various issues (e.g., high
storage cost, low processing speed and limited education
resources) on mobile devices. By moving the learning
platform to the cloud, learners and teachers can achieve
much faster processing speed as well as much richer
learning and teaching resources in terms of available
information, using just a simple client on the mobile device.
B. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
Wireless sensor networks are networks consisting of spatially
distributed autonomous sensors to cooperatively gather
various physical or environmental information (e.g.,
temperature, sound, pressure) [4], [5], [6]. Because it changes
the traditional way for people to interact with the world,
WSNs have been the research focus of both academic and
industrial communities to explore their great potentials in
military, industrial, and civilian applications (e.g., battlefield
surveillance, air pollution monitoring, landslide detection,
water quality monitoring) since the late 1990 s. For example,
regarding landslide detection, a WSN can be utilized by the
landslide detection system to detect the slight movements of
soil as well as other changes in various parameters that may
occur before or during a landslide, and thus it is possible to
predict the occurrence of a landslide long before it actually
happens. In addition, with respect to water quality monitoring,
a number of distributed sensor nodes can be deployed at
various points in dams, rivers or lakes to monitor the water
quality, and thus a very accurate map of the water status can
be created without the need of manual data retrieval,
particularly for locations with difficult access.
C. Integration of MCC and WSNs
Recently, integration of MCC with WSNs has been proposed
in several research works [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12],[13],
[14], [15]. This trend is induced by the advantages of
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Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2017
incorporating the powerful data storage and data processing
abilities of MCC as well as the ubiquitous data sensing and
data gathering capabilities of WSNs for mobile users.
The main contributions of this paper are summarized as
follows.
his paper is the first work that considers sleep
scheduling in WSNs to support location-based
mobile cloud applications. This clearly
distinguishes our work from existing MCC-WSN
integration schemes.
This paper further proposes two novel CLSS
schemes aimed at sleep scheduling of WSNs
integrated with MCC. Both the location based
characteristic of mobile applications as well as the
energy concern of WSNs are taken into account by
the CLSS schemes. CLSS1 focuses on the energy
consumption of the integrated WSN, while CLSS2
further considers the scalability and robustness of
the integrated WSN. The remainder of this paper is
organized as follows.
Section 2 introduces the MCC-WSN integration model and
Section 3 presents the proposed CLSS schemes for WSNs
integrated with MCC. The proposed CLSS schemes are
analyzed theoretically in Section 4 and evaluated numerically
and by simulations in Section 5. Section 6 concludes the
paper.
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In this section, we first show the mechanisms to obtain the
mobile user location list and then present our proposed CLSS
schemes.
A. Mobile User Location List
Mobile User Location History List
To achieve the location list L of mobile user u, the location
history of u is extracted by the cloud c based on the StarTrack
service. Specifically, StarTrack in [27] is a mobile client
application and it periodically captures the users current
location (e.g., with GPS) and relays the location information
to the Star Track server which runs as a service in the cloud c.
Further, the StarTrack server processes these location data and
decomposes them into various tracks (i.e., discrete
representations of trips taken by the mobile user). The points
of these tracks are operational and retrievable through a high-
level application programming interface and they make up the
location history list named as Lh.
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International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: - 2456 - 2165
Mobile User Predication Location List
To obtain the mobile user predication location list Lp, we
utilize the following method that is similar with the Place
Transition Graph utilized as in [21]. The key idea is that the
future locations of the mobile user would be associated with
the frequently visited locations of the mobile user, thus it is
likely that the future track of the mobile user will be
constituted by these frequently visited locations. For instance,
if a mobile user goes to restaurant A and gym B from office C
very often, it is obvious that the mobile user will go to gym B
from restaurant A, or go to restaurant A from gym B someday
in the future. Particularly, we compute a frequently visited
location list Lf first. This Lf is obtained by iterating over all
the retrieved tracks and selecting the end points of the
retrieved tracks of the mobile user. Then Lf is updated by
further removing the end points of the tracks that only appear
once. With that, an adjacency matrix in which the numbers of
rows and columns correspond to the number of the elements
in the updated Lf is constructed. Finally, the match of each
element in the row and the column except the match with two
same points becomes a new track (i.e., the prediction track).
All points without repetition excluding the starting and end
points of the prediction tracks constitute the mobile user
predication location list Lp. The mobile user location history
list Lh and mobile user predication location list Lp constitute
the location list L of the mobile user.
B. CLSS Schemes
There are two collaborative location-based sleep scheduling
schemes for the integrated WSN and the pseudo codes of
these two CLSS schemes (i.e., CLSS1 and CLSS2) in each
time epoch TP are shown as follows.
CLSS1
Regarding CLSS1 scheme, cloud c first obtains the current
location lu of mobile user u (Step 1 of CLSS1). Then
according to whether lu is in the location list L or not, a flag
A or Z is sent to base station s by cloud c (Step 2 of CLSS1).
Base station s further broadcasts the flags. At last, each
sensor node i determines its awake or asleep state according
to the flag it receives in each time epoch TP (Steps 3 to 5 of
CLSS1).
CLSS2
In terms of CLSS2, the first four steps are the same as that of
CLSS1. The difference between CLSS2 and CLSS1 lies in
Step 5.
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Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2017 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No: - 2456 - 2165

Fig 1. System Architecture

Et: Energy consumption of transmitting a byte

III. MAIN NOTATION DEFINITIONS
Er: Energy consumption of receiving a byte
Symbol Definition
Ea: Energy consumption of power amplification of one byte to
j j : Number of elements in a set c Cloud cover a 1 m distance h: Packet length

M : Number of mobile users or WSNs u Mobile user d: Transmission distance

S: Base station ET: Energy consumption of transmitting a packet

T : Time ER: Energy consumption of receiving a packet Average

event rate
TP :Time epoch
pXY x; y Independent probability distribution of events
t :Time epoch interval
q: Number of packets transmitted from a node to each
N: Total number of sensor nodes in WSN neighbor node if an event is detected

A :Area of WSN Lh: Mobile user location history list

I: Set of sensor nodes Lp: Mobile user predication location list L: Mobile
user location list
I: Sensor node
R: Node density
B: Set of links
K: kin EC-CKN
Tr: Transmission radius
Eo: Node initial energy

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Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2017
NL: Network lifetime
NL0: Network lifetime of AO
NL1: Network lifetime of CLSS1
NL2: Network lifetime of CLSS2
NWR: Network work rate
NWR0: Network work rate of AO
NWR1: Network work rate of CLSS1
NWR2: Network work rate of CLSS2
Output:
Picture 1: Snapshot of CLSS1 running
IJISRT17AP43
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: - 2456 - 2165
IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have proposed two CLSS schemes
(i.e.CLSS1 and CLSS2) for WSNs integrated with MCC.
CLSS schemes involve both the WSN and the cloud and then
dynamically change the awake or asleep status of the sensor
node in the integrated WSN, based on the locations of mobile
users. CLSS1 focuses on saving the most energy consumption
of the integrated WSN and CLSS2 further pays attention to the
scalability and robustness of the integrated WSN. For the
integration of MCC and WSNs, both theoretical and
simulation results are shown and they demonstrate that CLSS1
and CLSS2 could prolong the lifetime of the integrated WSN
while still satisfying the data requests of mobile users.
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Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2017 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No: - 2456 - 2165

Picture 2: Snapshot of CLSS2 running

Picture 3: Snapshot of node-deployment

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Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2017 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No: - 2456 - 2165

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