04 - RA41334EN50GLA1 - LTE Paging and RRC Connection

LTE Counters and KPI [RL50]
[RL50] RA4133-50A
Paging and RRC Connection
Module 4 RA41334EN50GLA1 2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Nokia Solutions and Networks Academy
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2 RA41334EN50GLA1 2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

Course Objectives
After completing this learning element, the participant will be able to:
Explain idle and connected states within LTE

Describe the phases, counters and related KPIs defined for the RRC connection setup procedure.

Idle and Connected States within LTE

Paging and Idle Mode DRX
TTI Bundling
RRC Setup Procedure
Radio Admission Control

RRC States in LTE
E-UTRA RRC Connected Mode In LTE one distinguishes just between
RRC connected
UE has E-UTRAN RRC connection
UE has context in E-UTRAN RRC idle
E-UTRAN knows UEs cell
There are no sub-states for RRC
UE identified by C-RNTI
UE Network data exchange possible
connected mode
Handover mobility
Neighbour cell measurements
UE reports CQI to eNB
eNB controlled DRX/DTX period
RRC connection
establishment /
release
Idle Mode
No RRC context stored in the eNB
UE specific DRX configured by NAS
Cell re-selection mobility
Broadcast of system information
Paging
UE identified by ID which is unique in a tracking area
NAS States in LTE - EMM
Definition of main EPS Mobility Management states
EMM-DEREGISTERED
The UE is not reachable by a MME
UE context can still be stored in the UE and MME
EMM-REGISTERED
UE enters to EMM-Registered with Attach or Tracking Area Update (TAU) procedure
The UE location is known with accuracy of the tracking area list
UE has at least one active PDN connection
After Detach procedure the state is changed to EMM-DEREGISTERED
EMM states in UE EMM states in MME

Detach Detach
Attach reject Attach reject
TAU Reject TAU Reject
All Bearer Deactivated All Bearer Deactivated
EMM-DEREGISTERED EMM-REGISTERED EMM-DEREGISTERED EMM-REGISTERED
Attach accept Attach accept

TAU Accept
NAS States in LTE - ECM
Definition of EPS Connection Management states
ECM-IDLE
UE is in ECM-IDLE state when no NAS signaling connection between UE and network exists
In the EMM-REGISTERED and ECM-IDLE state, the UE shall perform
Tracking Area Update
Periodic Tracking Area Update
Service Request
Answer to paging from MME with Service Request
UE and MME enter the ECM-CONNECTED state when signaling connection is established.
ECM-CONNECTED
UE location is known in the MME with an accuracy of a serving eNodeB.
For a UE in the ECM-CONNECTED state, there exists a signaling connection between the UE and the MME
The S1 release procedure changes the state at both UE and MME from ECM-CONNECTED to ECM-IDLE
ECM states in UE ECM states in MME

RRC Released S1 Released
ECM-IDLE ECM-CONNECTED ECM-IDLE ECM-CONNECTED
RRC Established S1 Established
8 ECM Connected = RRC Connected +

RA41334EN50GLA1 S1Nokia
2014 Connection
Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
Summary of LTE States
EMM state ECM state RRC state UE Location Mobility
EMM_
ECM_IDLE RRC_IDLE Unknown PLMN Selection
Deregistered
EMM_
ECM_IDLE RRC_IDLE Tracking Area Cell Reselection
Registered
EMM_ ECM_ RRC_

Cell Handover
Registered Connected Connected


TTI Bundling
RRC Setup Procedure

DTX and DRX for LTE
DTX/DRX means that the UE transceiver is switched off for some predefined time
periods
E-UTRA RRC
Air interface is
switched off Connected Mode DRX
for time
periods
eNodeB
Idle Mode DRX
This saves power on one side but might UE specific DRX
have the following consequences configured by NAS
Longer call setup time
Lower user throughput achievable

DTX and DRX for LTE
DRX options according 3GPP
- In Idle mode for Paging
This means that the UE is listening to page messages in predefined time opportunities
only and sleeping all other time
E-UTRA RRC
Connected Mode DRX
- In connected mode DRX configured by RRC
UE is switched off for predefined time interval

Discontinuous monitoring of DL control channel (PDCCH)
Allocations of resources done at specific times
Idle Mode
UE specific DRX
configured by NAS

DRX for Paging
The UE may use DRX in idle mode in order to reduce power consumption
One Paging Occasion (PO) is a sub-frame where P-RNTI may be transmitted on the
PDCCH addressing the page message
One Paging Frame (PF) is a radio frame, which may contain one or several Paging
Occasions
When DRX is used the UE needs to monitor just one PO per DRX cycle

Paging Related Parameters
Default paging cycle defPagCyg (LNCEL, 32rf/64rf/128rf/256rf, 128rf)
Defines the cell specific paging DRX cycle duration
Value 32rf corresponds to 32 radio frames, 64rf corresponds to 64 radio
frames and so on
One radio frame corresponds to 10ms in time
Increasing the parameter value saves battery capacity in idle mode as
listening to paging is less frequent. But the call setup time is getting longer
due to longer average paging time
Optionally an UE specific paging cycle length might be signaled by the core
network. In this case the UE follows the shorter of the two cycles

Paging Related Parameters
Number of paging occasions pagingNb (LNCEL,
oneT/halfT/quarterT/oneEighthT/oneSixteenthT/oneThirtySecondT,
quarterT)
Defines the number of possible paging occasions per radio frame, i.e. the
density of paging occasions
Used to calculate the number of paging occasions within one paging DRX
cycle, which in turn is used to calculate the paging occasions
Example: quarterT means that there is one page occasion every x paging
cycle

Page Counters
M8008C1
- Number of RRC paging requests
M8008C2
- Number of discarded paging requests
- Updated when the maximum number of paging records is S1
reached for the next paging occasion that corresponds to M 8008 C1C3 paging messages
the paging request
- RRC allows up to 16 paging records per paging occasion S1
M8008C3
- Number of transmitted RRC paging messages
M8008C2
cell
cell
cell
M8008C1 M8008C3

Page KPIs
LTE_5031b E-UTRAN RRC Paging Discard Ratio
Describes the paging request discard ratio on RRC level
Summarization
Logical formula formula (PI ID) Summarization formula (Abbreviation)
Paging DCR = 100% * sum([M8008C2]) 100% * sum([DISC_RRC_PAGING]) / sum
(discarded RRC paging / sum([M8008C1]) ([RRC_PAGING_MES])
records / transmitted
RRC paging records) *
100%

Page KPIs 7,00,000
100.00
6,00,000
80.00
5,00,000
60.00
4,00,000
3,00,000
40.00
2,00,000
20.00
1,00,000
0.00 0
23.05.2011
25.05.2011
27.05.2011
29.05.2011
31.05.2011
02.06.2011
04.06.2011
06.06.2011
09.06.2011
11.06.2011
13.06.2011
15.06.2011
17.06.2011
19.06.2011
21.06.2011
LTE_5122a Paging Messages (#) LTE_5031aPaging Discard Ratio (%)

PRACH Counters
M8001C6
Number of RACH setup attempts for small size messages
Update when eNodeB receives group A preamble
M8001C7
Number of RACH setup attempts for large size messages
Updated when eNodeB receives group B preamble
M8001C8
Number of RACH setup completions
Updated when eNodeB sends preamble response
M8001C6 Only successful RACH setup

completions counted, failures
will be equal to number
M8001C8 attempted - completions
M8001C7

RACH KPIs
RACH Setup Completion Success Ratio
Describes the ratio of RA preamble responses to total number of RA
preambles.
Summarization
RACH Stp Comp Succ 100* sum 100* sum([RACH_STP_COMPLETIONS])/
rate =(RA Preamble ([M8001C8])/sum([M8001 sum([RACH_STP_ATT_SMALL_MSG] +
Responses / RA C6] + [M8001C7] + [RACH_STP_ATT_LARGE_MSG] +
Preambles)*100% [M8001C286]) [RACH_STP_ATT_DEDICATED])

DRX in RRC Connected Mode
M8021C18 Number of Handover attempts for UEs running in DRX mode

M8021C19 Number of Handover completions for UEs running in DRX mode
M8013C24 Subframes of DRX Active UE
M8013C25 Subframes of DRX Sleep UE

RL30
With extended DRX settings a UE may go Out of alignment due to the TAT expiring.
After the STIT expires the eNB no longer schedules the UE with TA info hence the TAT expires,
to move a UE back to in sync the UE is forced to TX via a PDCCH order
DRX active DRX Sleep UE out Data PDCCH

of sync arrives order
STIT
TAT
M8001C421 Number of PDCCH order attempts

M8001C422 Number of initial PDCCH order attempts
M8001C423 Number of successful PDCCH orders
M8001C427 Number of UE state transitions from UL-In-Sync to UL-Out-Of-Sync

RL50
With SMART DRX (LTE585) UEes will use the short DRX cycle with at 16 (def) repititions (good
for TA) of the cycle, instead of the STIT. This gives the UE greater opportunity for battery savings
whilst maintain timing.
Data
arrives
DRX inactivity timer

Expires
DRX active UE out Data PDCCH

Start drxShortCycle
of sync arrives order
DRX active
Due to inactivity timer
Start drxLongCycle DRX Sleep
TAT
No new counters or KPIs


TTI Bundling
RRC Setup Procedure

LTE907 TTI bundling
RL50
LTE907 -UEs with poor radio condition can be switched to TTI Bundling mode
in which the same transport block is transmitted in 4 consecutive UL subframes
- dB gain for delay constrained services, e.g. voice
HARQ RTT is longer in comparison to

Bundle size is fixed to 4 TTIs. non-TTI Bundling mode. The next
In each TTI different retransmission occurs 16ms after the
Redundancy Versions (RV) of previous one
the same transport block are
transmitted

LTE907 TTI bundling
RL50
Increased energy per transmitted bit, improved UL coverage

One UL grant per bundle reduced PDCCH load
RLC SDU is not segmented in TTI Bundling reduced overhead (compared to RLC
Segmentation)
2 3 dB gain for delay constrained services, e.g. voice
M8011C63 Number of UL grants for TTI Bundling

M8011C62 Average number of UEs configured for TTI Bundling mode
M8011C66 Long UE retention time in TTI Bundling mode
M8011C65 Medium UE retention time in TTI Bundling mode
M8011C64 Short UE retention time in TTI Bundling mode
t1 t2
0,25s
5s
t1(=0,25s) and t2(=5s)
SHOR MEDIU LONG Internal parameter
T M


TTI Bundling
RRC Setup Procedure

Call Setup Overview
Core/IMS
UE
Physical Random Access Channel S1
PRACH preamble E-Node B MME

Idle to active
RRC phase
TA, scheduling, ID
RRC connection request
First KPI (like for WCDMA)
RRC connection setup
RRC setup success
RRC connection setup complete
NAS service request encapsulated in

connection service
Call & service setup
RRC connection setup complete

request
Connection setup
NAS phase
Security check/command encapsulated in

RRC connection reconfiguration
RRC connection
Reconfiguration complete
SIP invite
SIP session

process Terminating
SIP OK / ringing UE

RRC Connection Setup Overview (Positive)
UE
S1
E-Node B
Idle to active RRC phase
MME
M8013C17:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_S
M8013C18:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MT
RRCConnectionRequest M8013C19:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_D
1 M8013C20:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_OTHERS
M8013C21:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_EMG
M8007C7: SRB1 setup attempts

2 RRCConnectionSetup
3 RRCConnectionSetupComplete M8007C8: SRB1 setup completions
(with encapsulated M8013C5: Signaling connection

NAS phase
NAS message) establishment completions
M8007 Radio Bearer Measurements

M8013 UE State Measurements

RRC Connection Setup Overview (Positive)
UE
S1
E-Node B
Idle to active RRC phase
MME
M8013C17:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_S
M8013C18:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MT
RRCConnectionRequest M8013C19:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_D
1 M8013C20:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_OTHERS
M8013C21:SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_EMG
M8007C7: SRB1 setup attempts

3 RRCConnectionSetupComplete
(with encapsulated
NAS phase
NAS message)

RRC Connection Request (Negative)
UE
S1
E-Node B MME
RRCConnectionRequest
1
RAC accepts or
rejects RRC M8013C8
Connection Request
Signaling connection establishment
2 RRCConnectionReject
failures due to rejection by RRM RAC
UE stays in Idle Mode

RRC Connection Setup (Negative)
UE eNB MME
1 RRCConnectionRequest
M8013C6
3 Missing RRCConnectionSetupComplete Signaling connection establishment
failures due RRC setup completions
missing
Does NOT trigger M8007C9/C12 !!

RRC Connection Setup (Negative)
UE eNB MME
1 RRCConnectionRequest
M8013C7
3 Erreneous or Incomplete Signaling connection establishment
RRCConnectionSetupComplete
failures due RRC setup completions
error
Triggers also M8007C9/C12
SRB1/2 setup failures

RRC Connection Setup Counter Summary
M8013C8
M8013C6 RRC Setup completions missing
M8007C9/C12 SRB1 /2 setup failures

M8013C7 RRC Setup completions error
SRB1 /2 setup completions

M8007C8/C11
M8007C7/C10 M8013C5 RRC Setup completions
At least:
from all attempts
minus rejects =
Rejections by RRM Missing/wrong

RAC completions
Setup attempts Successful setups

RRC Connection Setup KPIs
LTE_5218c E-UTRAN RRC Connection Setup Success Ratio
Shows the setup success ratio for the elementary procedure "RRC connection
establishment" used to set up a radio connection from UE to eNB
Summarization
RCC Con SSR = (RRC 100*sum([M8013C5]) / 100*sum([SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_COMP]) / sum
connection setup sum ([M8013C17]+ ([SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_S]+
completions / RRC [M8013C18]+ [SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MT]+
connection requests) * [M8013C19]+ [SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_D]+
100% [M8013C20] + [SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_OTHERS] +
[M8013C21]) [SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_EMG])

100.00 25,000
80.00 20,000
60.00 15,000
40.00 10,000
20.00 5,000
0.00 0
23.05.2011
25.05.2011
27.05.2011
29.05.2011
31.05.2011
02.06.2011
04.06.2011
06.06.2011
09.06.2011
11.06.2011
13.06.2011
17.06.2011
19.06.2011
21.06.2011
15.06.2011
LTE_5232a RRC Connection Establishment attempts due to MO-Signalling (#)
LTE_5233a RRC Connection Establishment attempts due to MT-Access (#)
LTE_5234a RRC Connection Establishment attempts due to MO-Data( #)
LTE_5235a RRC Connection Establishment attempts due to Others (#)
LTE_5220a RRC Success Ratio (%)
LTE_5218a RRC Connection Setup Success Ratio (%)

LTE_5229b, LTE_5230b, LTE_5231b
E-UTRAN RRC Connection Establishment Failure Ratio per Cause
Describes the ratio of a specific RRC connection setup failure cause related to
all RRC connection requests
Summarization
S1 SFR = (RRC Connection "RRC timer expiry" failure RRC timer expiry failure failure (RRCCOMPL_MISSING) cause
Setup failure_x / (RRCCOMPL_MISSING) 100*sum([SIGN_EST_F_RRCCOMPL_MISSING]) /
RRC Connection requests) * cause sum([SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_S]+
100% 100*sum([M8013C6]) / [SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MT]+
[SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_MO_D]+
sum([M8013C17 ]+ [SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_OTHERS]+
[M8013C18] + [M8013C19]+ [SIGN_CONN_ESTAB_ATT_EMG])
[M8013C20] + [M8013C21])
Formula related to missing RRC setup completion

Other causes are;
RRC protocol error (wrong RRC setup completion)
Radio access control failure (rejection by RRM RAC)


TTI Bundling
RRC Setup Procedure

Overview of RAC within RRM

- RAC admits or rejects requests for establishment of Radio Bearers per cell based on:
Number of RRC connections per cell
Number of active users per cell RAC acts on:
Paging
Non QoS aware supported by RL30 Call establishment
RL40 Smart Admin Control QoS Supported request
Handover request
RAC algorithms controls

Signaling radio bearer
Data radio bearer
RAC RAC interacts

activities with Packet Packet Radio Admission control
Scheduler Scheduler
active
users configuration of
RLC layer
PDCP layer
eNodeB
RAC load/data measurements

RAC
cell load
activities
measurements by UE
active active users &

# UE keeping and & users RRC connections
buffered DL/UL
measurements
eNodeB
M8001C223 average
M8001C224 maximum
measurements of
UE's with data buffered (DL/UL) active users cell
M8001C147/150 average cell
M8001C148/151 maximum cell
Objective
- Operator configures both maximum number of established RRC

connections and maximum number of active users per cell by
O&M threshold
RRC connection is established when the SRBs have been admitted and
successfully configured
UE is considered as active when Radio Bearer is established
Upper bound for maximum number of supported connections depends
on the BB configuration of eNB

Controlled Services
- RAC acts on the basis of events like:

Paging
Call establishment request
Handover request
- RAC algorithms controls establishment of
Signaling radio bearer
Data radio bearer
RAC applies different criteria for call establishment and mobility
(HO)
Offset in terms of the number of RRC connections or active users
used
Aim is to keep the already established sessions active and support
user mobility
QoS requirements of DRBs (data radio bearers)
Resource consumption in a cell
- ARP Based Admission control for E-RABs
Interaction with other RRM Entities
RAC interacts with other RRM entities

Mobility management
Radio Bearer Management
UE State Management
- RAC interacts with Packet Scheduler
- RAC supports configuration of
RLC layer
PDCP layer

RAC Parameters
- Maximum number of RRC connections maxNumRrc (LNCEL, 0..1200)
1.3MHz default 20
3 MHz default 80
5 MHz default 300
10 MHz default 300
15 MHz default 600
20 MHz default 600
- Maximum number of active UEs maxNumActUe (LNCEL, 0..1200)
1.3MHz default 20
3 MHz default 80
5 MHz 0600, default 300
- Maximum amount of users per TTI on UL/DL maxNumUeUL/DL (LNCEL, 1..20)
1.3MHz default 7
3 MHz default 7
5 MHz default 7
10 MHz default 14
15 MHz default 17
20 MHz default 20
RAC Counters
- Number of UEs monitored by cell load measurements
- Number of active UE per cell
M8001C223 average
M8001C224 maximum
- Number of UE with data buffered on DL
M8001C147 average
M8001C148 maximum
- Number of UE with data buffered on UL
M8001C150 average
M8001C151 maximum
- Number of UE with data buffered QCI1..4
- M8001C227..230
- Number of UE with data buffered non-GBR
- M8001C235
LTE 800 24 hour report

On cell level
RRC Connection re -establishment
Motivation:
In a number of failure cases
Radio link failure
Handover failure
RLC unrecoverable error
Integrity check failure
RRC connection reconfiguration failure
the UE may initiate the RRC connection re-establishment procedure to continue the
RRC connection without going to RRC Idle mode.
Benefit:
Improve user experience despite of exceptional radio conditions

RRC Connection re-establishment
UE Source Target MME SGW

eNB eNB
Measurement report Packet data
HO decision
HO request
Admin control and
HO request ACK resource allocation
RRC: ConnectionReconfiguration
Deliver buffered and in transit

Detach from old cell packets to Target eNB
Fails to access target Cell SM status Transfer

Cell selection to Source Cell
Data Forwarding
Buffer packets from
source eNB
RRC: ConnectionRe-Establishment
request
Accept RRC Restablish
Stop data forwarding
HO cancel
RRC: ConnectionRe-establishment
RRC: ConnectionRe-establishment
complete
Re-establish SRB and DRB
RRC: ConnectionrReconfiguration
RRC: Connectionreconfiguration
complete Packet data
RRC Connection Re-Establishment Counter Summary
M8008C0
Rejected RRC
Connection re- RRC Connection Re-establishment Success Ratio
establishments
100*sum([M8008C5]) / sum([M8008C4])
Success due to HO
M8008C5 M8008C7/C9
Success due to other
Successful Re-
Re-Establishment RRC Connection Re-establishment Failure Ratio
Establishment
procedures success per cause 100*sum([M8008C4]- [M8008C5] - [M8008C0]) /
sum([M8008C4])
M8008C6/C8 Attempts due to HO failure

M8008C4
Attempts due to other
Re-Establishment Re-Establishment
attempts Attempts per cause

Thank You !
RA41334EN50GLA1 2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

04 - RA41334EN50GLA1 - LTE Paging and RRC Connection

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04 - RA41334EN50GLA1 - LTE Paging and RRC Connection

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LTE Counters and KPI [RL50]

2 RA41334EN50GLA1 2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

Paging and RRC Connection

Explain idle and connected states within LTE

4 RA41334EN50GLA1 2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

Idle and Connected States within LTE

5 RA41334EN50GLA1 2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

EMM states in UE EMM states in MME

EMM-DEREGISTERED EMM-REGISTERED EMM-DEREGISTERED EMM-REGISTERED

Attach accept Attach accept

ECM states in UE ECM states in MME

ECM-IDLE ECM-CONNECTED ECM-IDLE ECM-CONNECTED

RRC Established S1 Established

8 ECM Connected = RRC Connected +

EMM state ECM state RRC state UE Location Mobility

EMM_ ECM_ RRC_

9 RA41334EN50GLA1 2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

Idle and Connected States within LTE

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11 RA41334EN50GLA1 2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

UE is switched off for predefined time interval

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M8001C6 Only successful RACH setup

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M8021C18 Number of Handover attempts for UEs running in DRX mode

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DRX active DRX Sleep UE out Data PDCCH

M8001C421 Number of PDCCH order attempts

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DRX inactivity timer

DRX active UE out Data PDCCH

Start drxLongCycle DRX Sleep

No new counters or KPIs

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Idle and Connected States within LTE

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HARQ RTT is longer in comparison to

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Increased energy per transmitted bit, improved UL coverage

M8011C63 Number of UL grants for TTI Bundling

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Idle and Connected States within LTE

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PRACH preamble E-Node B MME

NAS service request encapsulated in

RRC connection setup complete

Security check/command encapsulated in

28 RA41334EN50GLA1 2014 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.

M8007C7: SRB1 setup attempts

3 RRCConnectionSetupComplete M8007C8: SRB1 setup completions

(with encapsulated M8013C5: Signaling connection

NAS message) establishment completions

M8007 Radio Bearer Measurements

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M8007C7: SRB1 setup attempts

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