How To Calculate A Single Cycle

GasTurb 13 Tutorial 1
HOW TO CALCULATE A
SNGLE CYCLE
Copyright GasTurb GmbH
A Jet Engine Example
The Program offers

three Scopes
For that differ
professional
in the amount
performance work of detail
use the
being simulated.
Engine Design option. The
Choose Basic
Performance
Thermodynamics
or
scope is least
demanding for the user.
More if youtextbook
Only simple want to
determine the engine
wisdom is considered.
geometry.
Let us begin with a jet engine
simulation. Select the most
simple engine architecture, a
Turbojet.
A click on Performance in the

Engine Design button group

begins the calculation
We Need Some Data

Cycle Design Input Data Window
All input is in clear nomenclature

- no cryptic abbreviations are
used.
Switching to Imperial Units is

easy
Lets go back to SI Units

Thermodynamic Station Input
Click here to start

the calculation
The flow areas at the stations

are either a design point input
or are derived from a Mach
number. These flow areas
affect only the static pressures
and temperatures. The main

cycle parameters like thermal
efficiency or thrust, for example
are not affected by the input on
the Stations page.
Single Cycle Output
Most people are using m for mass On this summary page there is no room for lengthy
flow. When the standard property names. The international standard
nomenclature was agreed on the nomenclature for performance computer programs

letter M could not be used
is employed. For example, P is total pressure, T
because in early FORTRAN
programs any property name
total temperature and
beginning with M was an Integer. W is employed for mass flow.
The letter W for mass flow
reminds of the outdated Explanations are at your fingertip: Click a symbol
designation for example TSFC - and you get a detailed
weight flow.
explanation.
Thermodynamic Station Output
Here are all the details at the thermodynamic

stations.
The flow areas at all the stations are stored in

memory. During off-design simulations the

static pressures and temperatures are
calculated from flow area, mass flow, total
pressures and total temperature.
Getting Additional Output
I need to know a
cycle property
which is not listed
on the output page.
Open the Composed Values
window a powerful formula
editor.
Composed Values Editor
Click here to check

and evaluate all
composed values.
Compose your additional output values from the input and output quantities. You
can even use empirical correlations (Tables) and more than 50 predefined
Functions
Example: Calculate the kinetic energy of the nozzle exhaust

JetEnergy=W8*V8^2/2
Dividing by 1000 yields the Jet Energy in kW
Output with Composed Value
After closing the Composed Values window

run the case again now you have JetEnergy
as additional output.
Next let us have a look at the Enthalpy-

Entropy diagram of the cycle
Enthalpy-Entropy Diagram
The diagram shows real
numbers. See how it
changes with compressor
pressure ratio
Click to
reduce to one
slider only
Click here to open the

slider definition window.
We now freeze this diagram for

making comparisons with another
cycle.
Using the Slider
Move the Slider to the

right this increases
Pressure Ratio.
Now you see how the pressure ratio of

the compressor affects the hot section
part of the cycle
Single Cycle Output
This is again the original cycle.

The turbine pressure ratio of 3.178 is easily achievable with a single
stage turbine. In fact, a single stage turbine can work up to a pressure
ratio of 4 with an acceptable efficiency.
Let us search for the compressor pressure ratio which yields exactly
the turbine pressure ratio of 4. Close this window to proceed.
Single Cycle Input Data Page
We will vary (iterate) compressor

Pressure Ratio in such a way that
Turbine Pressure Ratio is equal to 4.
We open now the Iterations input

window.
Iteration Variable Input
Min and max boundaries for the

variable are required for numerical
reasons.
The min and max values need not to
be accurate, they are for excluding
physical meaningless numbers (like
very low pressure ratios) from the
calculations.
From all the input Variables we

choose Pressure Ratio and drag it
from the selection tree to the table.
Iteration Target Input
From all the output quantities we

choose Turbine Pressure Ratio as
Target and drag it from the selection
tree to the table.
Iteration Target Value Input
Enter the target

value here
and activate
the iteration.
Then close the
window.
Single Cycle Input Data Page
Now we are ready to run the case

The Cycle with
Turbine Pressure Ratio = 4
This slide ends the

Single Cycle Tutorial

How To Calculate A Single Cycle

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GasTurb 13 Tutorial 1

The Program offers

A click on Performance in the

Engine Design button group

We Need Some Data

All input is in clear nomenclature

Switching to Imperial Units is

Lets go back to SI Units

Click here to start

The flow areas at the stations

and temperatures. The main

nomenclature was agreed on the nomenclature for performance computer programs

Here are all the details at the thermodynamic

The flow areas at all the stations are stored in

memory. During off-design simulations the

Click here to check

Example: Calculate the kinetic energy of the nozzle exhaust

After closing the Composed Values window

Next let us have a look at the Enthalpy-

Click here to open the

We now freeze this diagram for

Move the Slider to the

Now you see how the pressure ratio of

This is again the original cycle.

We will vary (iterate) compressor

Turbine Pressure Ratio is equal to 4.

We open now the Iterations input

Min and max boundaries for the

From all the input Variables we

From all the output quantities we

Enter the target

Now we are ready to run the case

This slide ends the

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