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HISTORY REVIEWER 2006

PRE-HISTORIC MEGALITHIC TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION


ARCHITECTURE
PELEOLITHIC OLD STONE AGE
MESOLITHIC MIDDLE STONE AGE
BRONZE AGE MINOAN PD. OF THE CRETE & GREEK PD
MEGALITHIC USE OF LARGE STONES IN CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
MENHIR SINGLE LARGE URIGHT MONOLITH, SOMETMES IN PARALLEL ROWS
REACHING SEVERAL MILES
DOLMEN TOMB HAVING TWO OR MORE LARGE UPRIGHT STONES
SUPPORTING A HORIZONTAL SLAB
CROMLECH ENCLOSURE FORMED BY THREE OR MORE HUGE STONES PLANTED ON THE
GROUND IN
CIRCULAR FORM
TUMULUS PASSAGE GRAVE; EARTHEN MOUNDS USE FOR BURIAL OF ORDINARY PERSON

EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE MASSIVE & MONUMENTAL TYPE CONSTRUCTION


SYCAMORE MUMMY CASES
HEIROGLYPHICS PICTURE WRITINGS OF PRIMITIVE PEOPLE
PYLON MONUMENTAL GATEWAY TO AN EGYPTIAN TEMPLE CONSISTING OF SLANTING WALL
FLANKING ON ENTRANCE PORTAL
BATTER WALLS DIMINISHING IN WIDTH TOWARDS THE TOP.

TOMBS
MASTABA FLAT-TOP FUNERARY MOUND, WITH BATTERED SLOPING SIDES
ROYAL PYRAMIDS MASSIVE FUNERARY STRUCTURE OF STONE OR BRICK WITH A SQUARE BASE AND
FOUR
SLOPING TRIANGULAR SIDES MEETING AT THE APEX
STEP PYRAMID MASSIVE FUNERARY EVOLVE FROM MASTABA
BENT PYRAMID MASSIVE FUNERARY HAVING 2 DEG. OF INCLINATION OF SLOPE
ROCK HEWN TOMB FUNERARY BUILT ALONG HILLSIDE FOR NOBILITY RATHER THAN ROYALTY

TEMPLES
MORTUARY BUILT IN HONOR OF THE PHARAOH
CULT BUILT FIR THE WORSHIP OF THE GODS; ONLY HIGH PRIESTS CAN ENTER.
PYLON EGYPTIAN MONUMENTAL GATEWAY
OBELISKS UPRIGHT STONE W/ PYRAMIDION ON TOP
MONUMENTAL PILLARS USU. IN PAIRS; 9 OR 10 x BASE DIA.
ELECTRUM CAPPED PYRAMIDION @ OBELISKS
HYPEATHRAL COURT LARGE OUTER COURT OPEN TO THE SKY
HYPOSTYLE HALL PILLARED HALL WHERE ROOF SETS ON COLUMN
CLERESTORY BETWEEN ROOF & UPPER WALL, ADMITTING LIGHT
SANCTUARY USED SURROUNDED BY PASSAGES & CHAMBERS USED IN CONNECTION
WITH THE TEMPLE SERVICE
AVE. OF SPHINX WHERE MYSTICAL MONSTER WERE PLACED
ANDROSPHINX MAN HEAD
HEIRAOSPHINX HAWK HEAD
CRIOSPHINX RAM HEAD
LOTUS PAPYRUS & PALM ORNAMENT SYMBOLIZES FERTILITY
SOLAR DISCS & VULTURES W/ ORNAMENT SYMBOLIZES PROTECTION
WINGS
SPIRAL & FEATHER ORNAMENT ORNAMENT SYMBOLIZES ETERNITY
SCARAB & SACRED BEATLE ORNAMENT SYMBOLIZES RESURRECTION

NEAR EAST ARCTUATED TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM


ARCHITECTURE
PERSIAN ARCH'RE COLUMNAR & TRABEATED W/ FLAT TIMBER ROOF SOMETIMES DOMED.
ZIGGURATS "ARTFICIAL MOUNTAINS" OF TIERED, RECTANGULAR STAGES WITH TEMPLE @
SUMMIT
SERALIO PALACE PROPER WHICH INCLUDES KING'S RESIDENCE
HAREM PRIVATE CHAMBER
KHAN SERVICE CHAMBER
PORTICO A COLONNADED SPACE FORMING AN ENTRANCE W/ A ROOF SUPPORTED
ON AT LEAST ONE SIDE BY COLUMNS
MEGARON PRINCIPAL ROOM FOR ANATOLIAN HOUSE
PERSEPOLIS HALL OF PALACE W/ HUNDRED COLUMNS

MAYA ARCH A CORBELLED ARCHED OF TRIANGULAR SHAPE COMMON ON BLDG. OF


THE MAYA INDIANS OF YUCATAN

GREEK ARCHITECTURE COLUMNAR & TRABEATED TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM


CITADEL UPPER CITY
THALAMUS SLEEPING ROOM AT MEGARON
CYCLOPEAN WALL A MASONRY MADE-UP OF HUGE STONE BLOCKS

POLYGONAL WALL ADVANCE TECHNIQUE, NO PITH OR TAR;

CONSTRUCTED W/ STONES HAVING POLYGONAL FACES


PROPYLEA GREEK TEMPLES GATEWAY
LACUNARIA CEILING WERE OMITTED & TREATED W/ PANELLED COFFERS
ENTASIS REFINEMENT TO CORRECT OPTICAL ILLUSIONS
OF DROPPING OR SAGGING FROM CENTER OF STRUCTURES
THOLOS A STONE VAULTED CONSTRUCTION; DOMED TOMBS OF MYCENEAN PD.
DROMOS LONG PASSAGEWAY LEADING TO DOMED CHAMBER
MOULDINGS ARCHITECTURAL DEVICE, WHICH W/ LIGHT & SHADE,
PRODUCE DEFINITION TO A BLDG.
TEMENOS SACRED ENCLOSURE, ALSO KNOWN AS CITADEL OR ACROPOLIS.
PINACOTHECA PICTURE GALLERY
GLYPTHOTHECA SCULPTURE GALLERY
CIVIC SQUARE SQUARE CITY OR MARKET PLACE
AGORA GREEK CIVIC SQUARE; MARKET PLACE
PRYTANEION SENATE HOUSE
BOULEUTERION COUNCIL HOUSE
ASSEMBLY HALL USED IN GATHERING
ODEION A THEATER FOR MUSICAL PRESENTATIONS &/OR CONTESTS.
STADIUM FOOT RACE COURSE
HIPPODROME SIMILAR TO STADIUM IN PLAN USED FOR HORSE & CHARIOT RACING
PROTOTYPE OF ROMAN CIRCUS
PALAESTRA WRESTLING SCHOOL
GYMNASIUM USED 4 ALL TYPES OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE.
PROTOTYPE OF ROMAN THERMAE
EPHEBIUM ROOM FOR LECTURES ON GYMNASIUM
FASCIAE ORNAMENT DIVIDIN ENTABLATURE TO HAVE AN ARCHITRAVE
ORCHESTRA FOCAL POINT, STAGE OR CONCRETE CIRCLES ELEVATE W/ AN
ALTAR DEDICATION TO THEIR GODS
CAVEA SPECTATOR'S SEATS (STONE SEATS)
SKENE STAGE DCOR TANGENTIAL TO ORCHESTRA
PARADOS PASSAGEWAY TO SKENE
PARACENIA PROJECTING WALL AT THE END OF SKENE.
PROCENIUM IN FRONT OF SKENE, USED FOR SPEECH OR LOCELON
EPISCENIUM RAISED BACKGROUND TO 2-STOREY SKENE BLDG.
CARYATIDS DROPPED FEMALE FIGURE COLUMN W/O HANDS & CARRYING NOTHING
CANEPHORAE FEMALE FIGURE COLUMN W/ BASKET ON HER HEAD
ATLAS OR ATLANTES MALE FIGURE COLUMN IN KNEELING POSITION
TELAMON OR TELAMONES MALE FIGURE COLUMN IN STANDING POSITION
ANTA COLUMN PIER OR PILASTER FORMED NU S THICKENING AT THE END OF THE WALL.
ORDERS INCLUDES THE COLUMN WITH AN ENTABLATURE, WHICH FOLLOWING
A CERTAIN RULE W/ REGADS TO SYSTEMS OF DESIGNING.
DORIC ORDER THE SIMPLEST, EARLIEST & MOST PERFECT AMONG THE ORDERS.
IONIC ORDER THE MOST SOPHISTICATED, LES HEAVY THAN THE DORIC ORDER
CORINTHIAN ORDER THE SLANDEST, ELEGANT, & MOSTA ELABORATED ORDER
SUPERIMPOSITION THE PLACING OF ONE ORDER AFTER ANOTHER OR ABOVE ANOTHER.
INTERCOLUMNATION THE CLEAR SPACE B/N 2 ADJACENT COLUMNS USU. MEASURED
AT THE LOWER PARTS OF THE SHAFTS.
ARCADE A LINE OF COUNTERTHRUSTING ARCHES RAISED ON COLUMNS OF PIERS
NAOS PRINCIPAL CHAMBER CONTAINING THE STATUE OF THE GOD OR GODDESS
PRONAOS THE INNER PORTICO IN FRONT OF NAOS OR CELLA OF THE NAOS.
EPINAOS OR OPISTHODOMUS POSTICUM WHICH SERVES AS THE TREASURY CHAMBER
HENOSTYLE 1 COLUMN
DISTYLE 2 COLUMNS
TRISTYLE 3 COLUMNS
TETRASTYLE 4 COLUMNS
PENTASTYLE 5 COLUMNS
HEXASTYLE 6 COLUMNS
HEPTASTYLE 7 COLUMNS
OCTASTYLE 8 COLUMNS
ENNEASTYLE 9 COLUMNS
DECASTYLE 10 COLUMNS
DODECASTYLE 12 COLUMNS
IN ANTIS TEMPLES THAT HAVE ONE TO FOUR COLUMNS B/N ANTAE AT THE FRONT.
AMPHI-ANTIS TEMPLES THAT HAVE ONE TO FOUR COLUMNS B/N ANTAE AT THE FRONT AND REAR.
PROSTYLE TEMPLES THAT HAVE PORTICO OF COLUMNS AT FRONT
AMPHI-PROSRYLE TEMPLES THAT HAVE PORTICO OF COLUMNS AT FRONT & NEAR
PERIPTERAL TEMPLES THAT HAVE SINGLE LINE OF COLUMNS SURROUNDING THA NAOS
PSEUDO-PERIPTERAL TEMPLES THAT HAVE FLANKED OF COLUMNS ATTACHED TO THE NAOS WALL
DIPTERAL TEMPLES THAT HAVE A DOUBLE LINE OF COLUMNS SURROUNDING THE NAOS
PSEUDO-DIPTERAL TEMPLES ARE LIKE DIPTERAL, BUT THE INNER RANGE OF COLUMN
IS OMITTED ON THE FLANKS OF THE NAOS.
ABACUS THE FLAT SQUARE ON THE TOP OF THE CAPITAL; UPPERMOST MEMBER OF CAPITAL
ECHINUS THE CONVEX OR PROJECTING MOULDING, SUPPORTING THE ABACUS
OF THE GREEK DORIC CAPITAL
DADO THE PORTION OF THE PEDESTAL B/N ITS BASE & CORNICE. A TERM APPLIED
TO THE LOWER PORTION OF WALLS WHEN DECORATED SEPARATELY
COFFERS SUNK PANELS, CAISSON OR LACUNARIA FORMED IN CEILINGS VAULTS OF DOMES
EXEDRA A RECESS OR ALCOVE W/ RAISED SEAT WHERE THE DISPUTATION
OF THE LEARNED TOOK PLACE
PEDIMENT A TRIANGULAR PIECE OF WALL ABOVE THE ENTABLATURE ENCLOSED
BY RAKING CORNICE
ANTELIXAE ORNAMENTAL BLOCKS FIXED VERTICALLY REGULAR INTERVALS ALONG THE
LOWER EDGE OF A ROOF, TO COVER THE ENDS OF TILES
MUTULES PROJECTING INCLINED BLOCKS IN DORIC CORNICES,
DERIVED FROM THE ENDS OF WOODEN BEAMS
ACROTERION BLOCKS RESTING ON THE VERTEX AND LOWER EXTRIMITIES OF THE PEDIMENT
TO SUPPORT STATUARY OR ORNAMENTS
TYMPANUM THE TRIANGULAR SURFACE BOUNDED BY SLOPING AND HORIZONTAL
CORNICES OF A PEDIMENT
CORNICE THE CROWNING OR UPPER PORTION OF THE ENTABLATURE ALSO USED FOR
ANY CROWNING PROJECTION
FRIEZE THE MIDDLE DIVISION OF THE CLASSIC ENTABLATURE
ARCHITRAVE THE BEM OR THE LOWEST DIVISION OF THE CLASSIC ENTABLATURE, W/C
EXTENDS FROM COLUMN. ALSO A MOULDED FRAME AROUND A DOOR OR WINDOW
CAPITAL THE CROWNING FEATURE OF A COLUMN OR A PILASTER
SHAFT THE PORTION OF A COLUMN BETWEEN BASE AND CAPITAL
CREPIDOMA THE STEPS FORMING THE BASE OF COLUMNADED GREEK TEMPLE
STYLOBATE THE UPPER STEP FORMING A PLATFORM ON W/C A COLONNADE IS PLACED
TRILYPH BLOCKS W/ VERTICAL CHANNELS W/C FORM A DISTINGUISHING FEATURE IN THE
FRIEZE
OF THE DORIC ENTABLATURE
METOPE THE SPACE B/N DORIC TRIGLYPH, SOMETIMES LEFT OPEN IN ANCIENT EXAMPLES,
AFTERWARDS APPLIED TO CARVED SLAB
TENIA A FLAT PROJECTING BAND CAPPING THE ARCHITRAVE OF A DORIC ENTABLATURE
GUTTAE SMALL CONES UNDER THE TRIGLYPHS AND MUTULES OF THE DORIC ENTABLATURE
ANNULETS A SMALL FLAT FILLET ENCIRCLING A COLUMN. IT IS SEVERAL TIMES REPEATED
UNDER THE OVOLO OR ECHINUS OF THE DORIC CAPITAL
TRACHELION THE NECK OF GREEK DORIC COLUMN B/N THE ANNULETS AND THE GROMES OR
HYPOTRACHELION
HYPOTRACHELION THE CHANNELS OR GROVE BENEATH THE TRACHELION
STOA A SHELTER PROMENADE
DENTILS A SMALL SQUARE BLOCK USED IN SERIESIN IONIC, CORINTHIAN, COMPOSITE
AND RARELY IN DORIC CORNICES
THEATER AN OPEN AIR STRUCTURE, W/C CONSISTED OF ORCHESTRA, AUDITORIUM,
OR CAVEA OUT OF THE SLOPE OF HILLSIDE, IN OR NEAR CITY
ANCON/ CONSOLE A SCROLLED BRACKET WHICH SUPPORT A CORNICE OR ENTABLATURE OVER
A DOOR OR A WINDOW.
ANDRON/ ANDRONITIS THE PART OF A BLDG. USED BY MEN ESP. THE BANQUET ROOM
APOTHECA STOR ROOM; WINE STORAGE
CYROSTYLE A CIRCULAR PROJECTING PORTICO
CYCLOSYTLE A CIRCULAR PROJECTING A COLLONADE
DROMOS THE LONG DEEP PASSAGE WAY TO AN ACIENT EGYPTIAN TOMB.
FLUTING A SHALLOW, CONCAVE GROOVES RUNNING VERTICALLY ON THE SHAFT OF A
COLUMN,
PILASTER OR OTHER SURFACES
HECATOMPEDON A BLDG. 100FT. IN LENGTH OR WIDTH, ESP., THE CELLA OF PARTHENON
KONISTRA IN ANCIENT GREEK THEATER, IT WAS THE ORCHESTRA.
LOGGIA AN ARCADED OR COLLONADED PORCH OR GALLERY ATTACHED TO A LARGER
STRUC'RE
MODILLION A CONSOLE ON THE OTHER SIDE OF A DOORWAY SUPPORTING A CORNICE
PLINTH THE LOWEST SQUARE MEMBER OF THE BASE TREASURY HOUSE.
VOLUTE A SPIRAL SCROLL INAN IONIC CAITAL; SMALLER VERSIONS APPEAR
ON CORINTHIAN AND COMPOSITE CAPITALS

ROMAN ARCHITECTURE UTILITARIAN; EARLIEST USE OF TRUE OR RADIATING ARCH IN CONSTRUCTION


SYSTEM
POZZOLANA A THICK VOLCANIC EARTH MATERIAL
TUSCAN ORDER SIMPLEST ORDER USED IN ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
COMPOSITE ORDER MOST DECORATIVE OF ALL ORDERS; COMBINES PROMINENT VOLUTES OF IONIC
WITH ACANTHUS OF CORINTHIANS
OPUS INCERTUM SMALL STONES, LOOSE PATTERN RESEMBLING POLYGONAL WALLING
OPUS QUADRATUM RECTANGULAR BLOCKS, WITH OR WITHOUT MORTAR JOINTS
BUT FREQUENTLY SECURED W/ DOWELS & CRAMPS
OPUS RETICULATUM NET-LIKE EFFECT, W/ FINE JOINTS RUNNING DIAGONALLY
OPUS TESTACEUM BRICK FACING; TRIANGULAR IN PLAN
OPUS MIXTUM ALTERNATION OF BRICKWORK AND SMALL SQUARED STONE BLOCKS
FORUMS CORRESPONDS TO AGORA IN GREEK ARCH'RE; CENTRAL OPEN SPACE USED
AS A MEETING PLACE, MARKET, VENUE FOR POLITICAL DEMONSTRATIONS
BASILICAS FORMER COMMERCIAL EXCHANGE OR HALL OF JUSTICE, NOW A CHURCH
THERMAE PALATIAL BATHS
TEPIDARIUM WARM ROOM
FRIGIDARIUM UNHEATED SWIMMING BATH/ COOLING ROM
LACONICUM (SUDATORIUM) DRY SWEATING ROOM
CALIDARIUM HOT ROOM
APODYTERIA DRESSING ROOM
UNCTUARIA OILS ROOM
SPAERESTERIUM GAME ROOM
CIRCUS FOR HORSE AND CHARIOT RACING
TRIUMPHAL ARCHES ERECTED TO EMPERORS AND GENERALS FOR VICTORIOUS CAMPAIGNS
DOMUS PRIVATE HOUSE
VILLA COUNTRY HOUSE
INSULA APARTMENT HOUSE ALSO CALLED "WERKMEN'S DWELLING"
PROTHYRUM ENTRANCE PASSAGE
ATRIUM ENTRANCE COURT, OPEN TO SKY & AT THE CENTER IS A IMPLUVIUM
IMPLUVIUM A WATER CISTERN COLLECTOR
TABLINUM A LARGE OPEN ROOM OR APARTMENT FOR FAMILY RECORDS AND HEREDITARY
STATUES
SITUATED AT THE END OF THE ATRIUM FARTHEST FROM THE MAIN ENTRANCE
PERISTYLE AN INNER COLLONATED COURT W/ GARDEN
FAUCES THE PASSAGEWAY FROM THE STREET TO THE ATRIUM TO THE PERISTYLE
TRICLINUM A ROMAN DINING ROOM W/ COUCHES ON THREE SIDES
CUBICULUM A BEDROOM, BUT SOMETIMES USED IN A LESS SPECIFIC SENSE TO DENOTE OTHER
ROOM
OECUS THE MAIN ROOM, RECEPTION ROOM, THE SUCCESSOR OF THE MEGARON
ALAE RECESSES FOR CONVERSATION
MOSACI DECORATIVE SURFACES FORMED BY SMALL CUBES OF STONE, GLASS AND MARBLE
AMPHITHEATERS SEMI-CIRCULAR, ELLIPTICAL OR CIRCULAR AUDITORIUM WHERE ITS CENTRAL
ARENA IS SURROUNDD BY SEATS
ETRUSCAN NOTABLE FOR THE USE OF THE TRUE & RADIATING ARCH; THE EARLIEST
CIVILIZATION
AND GEAT BUILDERS, INVENTED THE TUSCAN CAPITAL.
XYSTUS A LARGE OPEN SPACE W/ TREES & FOUNTAINS, PART OF IT WAS USED AS A STADIUM
FOR FOOT RACING & WHERE ATHLETIC SPORTS TOOK PLACE.
BALNEUM PRIVATE BATH IN ROMAN PALACES
TOMBS
COEMETRIA SUBTERANEAN VAULTS AND LATER WERE CALLED CATACOMBS BY EARLY CHRISTIAN
PD.
COLUMBARIA NICHES FORMED IN THE ROCK TO RECEIVE A VASE CONTAINING THE ASHES
OF THE DECEASED, & WITH THE NAME INSCRIBED THEREON.
LOCULI RECESSES FOR CORPSE WERE SEALED W/ A FRONT SLAB INSCRIBED W/ THE NAME.
MONUMENTAL TOMBS CONSISTED OF A LARGE CYLINDRICAL BLOCKS, OFTEN ON A QUADRANGULAR
PODIUM,
TOPPED W/ A CONOCAL CROWN OF EARTH OR STONE.
TEMPLE-SHAPED TOMBS USU. CONSISTED OF A MORTUARY CHAPEL OFTEN HAVING A COLONNADED PORTICO
OR PERISTYLE
SCULPTURED MEMORIALS MINOR TOMBS, SMALL BUT RICHLY OUTSIDE

PILLARS OF VICTORY
TRAJAN'S COLUMN A ROMAN DORIC COLUMN, ENTIRELY OF MARBLE W/ A TOTAL HT. OF 115FT 7IN. &
A SHAFT 12IN. DIA. W/ A SPIRAL STAIRCASE
ROSTRAL COLUMN FREQUENTLY ERECTED IN THE TIME OF EMPERORS TO CELEBRATE NAVAL
VICTORIES

PALACES USE TO HOUSE EMPERORS


AQUEDUCTS USED FOR WATER SUPPLY, W/ SMOOTH CHANNELS OR SPECUS LINE W/
HARDCEMENT
& CARRIED ON ARCHES, IN SEVERAL TIES.
LACUS/LOCUS DESIGNED SIMILAR TO A LARGE BASIN OF WATER
SALIENTES SIMILAR TO A LARGE BASIN OF WATER W/ SPOUTING JETS.

EARLY CHRISTIAN HIGLY INFLUENCED BY ROMAN ART & ARCHITECTURE; SHELTERING WORSHIPPERS
ARCHITECTURE
CIBORIUM TOMB/ TABERNACLE/ BALDACHINO
ARCADE A RANGE OF ARCHES SUPPORTED ON PIERS OR COLUMNS ATTACHED TO
OR DETACHED FROM THE WALL

BASILICAN CHURCHES ERECTED OVER THE BURIAL PLACE OF A SAINT TO WHOM THE CHURCH WAS
DEDICATED
BEMA A RAISED STAGE RESERVED FOR THE CLERGY
ANTEPODIUM A SEAT BEHIND THE CHOIR RESERVED FOR THE CLERGY
BALDACHINO A CANOPY SUPPORTED BY COLOMNS GENERALLY PLACED OVER AN ALTAR OR TOMB
ATRIUM OPEN FORECOURT
NARTHEX COVERED AREA FOR PENITENTS
NAVE CENTRAL AISLE LIT BY CLERESTORY
AMBULATORY A PASSAGEWAY AROUND THE APSE OF THE CHURCH
APSE SANCTUARY WHERE THE BISHOPS STANDS
CHEVET THE APSE, AMBULATORY, & RADIATING TERMINAL OF A CHURCH
AMBO GOSPEL & EPISTLE WERE READ
TRIFORIUM PASSAGEWAY
BAPTISTERY LAGE SEPARATE BLDG. FOR SACRAMENT OF BAPTISM.EASTER, PENTECOST, &
EPIPHANY
FONT A BASIN USU. OF STONE WHICH HOLDS THE WATER FOR BAPTISM
ARCHIVOLT A MORE WIDELY SPACED COLUMNS CARRYING SEMI-CIRCULAR ARCHES
CANCELI A LOW SCREEN WALL
DAIS A RAISED FLATFORM RESERVED FOR THE SEATING OF SPEAKERS OR DIGNITARIES
ORATORY A SMALL PRIVATE CHAPEL FURNISHED W/ AN ALTAR AND A CRUCIFIX
REREDOS AN ORNAMENTAL SCREEN OR WALL AT THE BACK OF AN ALTAR
TRANSEPT THE PORTION OF A CHURCH CROSSING THE MAIN AXIS AT THE RIGHT ANGLE
& FROMING A CRUCIFORM PLAN
TRIBUNE A SLIGHTLY ELEVATED FLATFORM OR DAIS FOR THE SPEAKER
SEPULCHER A TOMB OR A RECEPTACLE FOR RELICS ESP. IN A CHRISTIAN ALTAR

BYZANTINE DOMICAL TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM


ARCHITECTURE
DOSSERET BLOCK DEEP ABACUS, FOR SUPPORTING WIDE VOUSSOIRS

FRANCE GAUL
GERMANY CENTRAL EUROPE
ISTANBUL CONSTANTINOPLE
IRAQ MESOPOTAMIA
IRAN PERSIA

CENTERING A TEMPORARY STRUCTURE UPON WHICH THE MATERIAL OF A VAULT OR ARCH ARE
SUPPORTED POSITION UNTIL THE WORK BECOME SELF-SUPPORTING
ICONOSTASIS A SCREEN IN A GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH ON WHICH ICONS (SACRED IMAGE) ARE
PLACED, SEPARATING THE CHANCEL FROM THE SPACE. OPEN TO THE LAITY
GYMNACEUM A PART OF GREEK HOUSE, OR A BYZANTINE CHURCH RESERVED FOR WOMEN ONLY
SIMPLE DOME DOME & PENDENSIVE WERE PART OF THE SAME SPHERE
COMPOUND DOME DOME IS NOT A PART BUT RISES INDEPENDENTLY ABOVE THEM
MELON-SHAPED DOME CONSIST OR CURVED FLUTINGS W/C AVOID THE NECESSARY OF PENDENSIVE

PEACOCK ORNAMENT SYMBOLIZES ETERNAL LIFE


ENDLESS KNOT ORNAMENT SYMBOLYZES ETERNITY

ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
MOSQUE A MUSLIM HOUSE OF WORSHIP
CHATRI KIOSK
DAR MEN'S APARTMENT
DIWAN PALACES
HAREM WOMEN'S APARTMENT
MINARET A TALL TOWER IN, OR CONTINOUS TO A MOSQUE ARCH STAIRS LEADING UPTO ONE
OR
MORE BALCONIES FROM WHICH THE FAITHFUL ARE CALLED TO PRAYER
MIHRAB A NICHE WHERE THE LEADER OF THE CONGREGATION (THE IMAM) MAKES HIS
PRAYER
MIMBER A RAISED FLATFORM FOR CEREMONIAL ANNOUNCEMENT
MIMBAR THE HIGH PULPIT OR AMBO
MUHAJAR BALUSTER
SELAMUK MEN'S QUEST QUARTER
MOUCHRABIEHS WOODEN SCROLL SCREEN
KIOSK A SMALL PAVILION, USU. OPEN, BUILT IN GARDENS AND PARKS
CORBEL A BLOCK OF STONE, OFEN ELABORATELY CARVED OR MOULDED PROJECTED FOM A
WALL,
SUPPORTING THE BEAMS OF A ROOF FLOOR OR VAULT
CHAMFER A DIAGONAL CUTTING OF AN ARRIS FORMED BY TWO SURFACES MEETING AT AN
ANGLE
KIBLA AXIS ORIENTED AT MECCA
COLONETTE A SMALL COLUMN USU. DECORATIVE
VERANDAH A COVERED PORCH OR BALCONY EXTENDING ALONG THE OUTSIDE OF A BUILDING,
PLANNED FOR SUMMER LEISURE
CENOTAPH A MONUMENT ERECTED IN MEMORY OF ONE NOT INTERRED IN OR UNDER IT
PODIUM THE HIGH PLATFORM ON WHICH TEMPLES WERE GENERALLY PLACED
CHATTRIS AN UMBRELLA SHAPED CUPOLA

ROMANESQUE CONCENTRATE ON BEAUTY & DELICACY OF ORNAMENTAL DETAIL


ARCHITECTURE
CATHEDRAL FOUNDATIONS
OLD FOUNDATION SERVED SECULAR CLERGY
MONASTIC FOUNDATION SERVED BY REGULAR CLERGY OR MONKS
NEW FOUNDATION WHERE BISHOPS HAD BEEN APPOINTED

QUDROPARTITE FOUR-PART VAULTING


SEXPARTITE SIX-PART VAULTING

BILLET AROMANESQUE MOULDING CONSISTING OF SEVERAL BANDS OF RAISED SHORT


CYLINDERS OR SQUARE PIECES, PLACED AT A REGULAR INTERVAL
DORMER WINDOW (LUCARNE) A WINDOW PLACED VERTICALLY IN A SLOPING ROOF W/ A ROOF ON ITS
OWN.
GROIN THE CARVED ARRIS FORMED BY INTERSECTING VAULTING SURFACES
HELM ROOF A ROOF IN /C RESTS DIAGONALLY BET. THE GABLES & CONVERGE AT THE ROOF

TURRET/ BARTISAN
KEEP DUNJON; THE STRONGHOLD OF THE MEDIEVAL USU. IN THE FORM OF A MASSIVE
TOWER
AND A PLACE OF RESIDENCE, ESP. IN TIMES OF SEIGE
MOAT A BROAD DEEP TRENCH SURROUNDING THE RAMPARTS OF A TOWN OR FORTRESS
USU. FILLED W/ WATER
LOOPHOLE
BATTLEMENT PARAPET HAVING A SERIES OF INDENTATIONS OR EMBRASURES B/N
MERLON THE UPSTANDING PART OF EMBATTLED PARAPET, B/N 2 CRENELLES OR
EMBRASURES
CRENEL
ALLURE
MACHICOLATION A PROJECTING WALL OR PARAPET ALLOWING FLOOR OPENINGS, THROUGH W/C
MOLTEN LEAD, PITCH, STONES, WERE DROPPED AN ENEMY BELOW.
PORTICULLIS

PILASTER STRIP IS A RECTANGULAR FEATURE IN SHAPE OF A PILLAR,


BUT PROJECTING ONLY ABOUT 1/6 OF ITS BREATH
NARTHEX A LONG ARCADED ENTRANCE PORCH TO CHRISTIAN BASILICAN
PULPIT AN ELEVATED ENCLOSED STAND IN A CHURCH IN WHICH THE PREACHER STANDS
CLOISTERS A SECLUDED PLACE COVER PASSAGES AROUND AN OPEN SPACE, CONNECTING
THE CHURCH TO THE CHAPTER HOUSES, REFECTORY AND THE OTHER PARTS
OF THE MONASTERY
CRYPT A SPACE ENTIRELY OR PARTLY UNDER A BLDG; IN CHURCHES GENERALLY BENEATH
THE CHANCEL AND USED FOR BURIAL IN EARLY TIMES

HORSESHOE ARCH MOST IMPT. CHARACTERISTIC OF MATURE SPANISH ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE


IN CHURCH DESIGN
DIACONICON THE VESTRY OF EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH
PROTHESIS THE PART OF A CHUCH WHERE THE CREDENCE TABLE STANDS
APSIDOLES THE SMALL APSIDAL CHAPEL ONE PROJECTING FROM THE APSE
FOSSE-FOSS A MOAT OR A DITCH
TALUS THE SLOPE AS INCLINATION OF ANY WORK, OR A COARSE ROCK FRAGMENTS,
MIXED W/ SOIL AT THE FOOT OF A CLIFF
GLACIS A SLOPE EMBANKMENT IN FRONT OF A FORTIFICATION SO RAISED AS TO BRING AN
ADVANCING ENEMY INTO THE MOST DIRECT LINE OF FIRE
BENT ENTRANCE AN ENTRANCE OF TWO GATEWAYS NOT IN LINE SO THAT IT IS NECESSARY TO MAKE
A
SHARP TURN TO PASS THRU THE SECOND, FOR PRIVACY IN HOUSES OR TEMPLES.
FOR SECURITY IN FORTIFICATION
ALLURE AN ALLEY WALK OR PASSAGE, A GALLERY BEHIND A PARAPET
PARAPET THE PORTION OF WALL ABOVE ROOF GUTTER OR BALCONIES SOMETIMES
BATTLEMENTED
DRAWBRIDGE AT THE ENTRANCE OF FORTIFICATIONS, A BRIDGE OVER THE MOAT OR A DITCH
HINGED AND PROVIDED W/ A RAISING AND LOWERING MECHANISM .
SO AS TO HINDER OR PERMIT PASSAGE
PORTICULLIS A DEFENSIVE GRATING, OF MASSIVE IRON OR TIMBER MOVABLE, VERT. IN RETAINING
GROOVES CUT IN JAMBS OF A FORTIFIED GATEWAY
LOGGIA ARCADED OR COLONNADED STRUCTURE OPEN ON ONE OR MORE SIDES,
SOMETIMES W/ AN UPPER STOREY

MOTTE A STEP MOUND OF EARTH SURROUNDED BY A DITCH AND SUMOUNTED BY A TIMBER


STOCKADE & TOWER; A MAIN FEATURE OF A NORMAN CASTLE
BAILEY THE OPEN AREA W/ A MEDIEVAL FORTIFICATION; THE OUTER WALL OF A FEUDAL
CASTLE
RAMPART EARTHEN OR MASONRY DEFENSE WALL OF A FORTIFIDE SITE
PALISADE A SERIES OF STOUT POLES, POINTED ON TOP AND DRIVEN INTO THE EARTH, USED
AS A
FENCE OR FORTIFICATION.
BAULKS SQUARED TIMBER USED IN BLDG., CONSTRUCTION OR A LOW RIDGE OF EARTH THAT
MARKS A BOUNDARY LINE
MANOR HOUSE THE MOST IMPT. HOUSE IN A COUNTRY OR VILLAGE NEIGHBORHOOD
UNDERCROFT OR CRYPT A VAULTED BASEMENT OF A CHURCH OR SECRET PASSAGE, OFTEN WHOLLY OR
PARTLY BELOW GROUND LEVEL
CELLAR A CELLAR HAVING A HALF OR MORE OF ITS CLEAR HEIGHT BELOW GRADE
SOLAR A ROOM OR APARTMENT OF AN UPPER FLOOR, AS IN AN EARLY ENGLISH DWELLING
HOUSE
LAPPED A JOINT FORM BY PLACING ONE PIECE PARTLY OVER ANOTHER AND UNITING THE
OVERLAPPED PORTIONS
STAVED CHURCH A SCANDINAVIAN WOODEN CHURCH W/ VERT. PLANKS FORMING THE WALLS

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