Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr Nicola Talbot
Ha Hc Vit Nam
Ti liu c bin son nhm gip cc nghin cu sinh nhng ngi mun s dng LATEX son tho lun n Tt
Nghip ca h. Nu bn cha lm quen vi LATEX ti khuyn bn trc ht nn c LATEX for Complete Novices [5].
1 Ha Hc Vit Nam
2 Nhm nhng ngi Vit Nam s dng TEX (Vietnamese TeX Users Group)
3 Cng ng m ngun m Vit Nam
4 D n VnT X tc gi Hn Th Thnh
E
Mc lc
1 Gii thiu 1
2 Bt u nh th no 2
6 nh dng 24
6.1 Khong trng kp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.2 Thay i trang tiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6.3 Trch dn vn bn u vo ca LATEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.4 Mi trng tabbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.5 Cc nh l v thut ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Ch mc 41
i
Chng 1
Gii thiu
Trong cc trng i Hc nc ta hin nay qui nh v cch trnh by lun n tt nghip c th khc vi phong
cch ca cc trng trn th gii. Nhn chung lun n ca cc sinh vin trong nc trng rt thiu chuyn nghip
v cn mang nng tnh hnh thc nhiu, v d nh khi bn lm lun n bn phi tn gio vin hng dn pha
trn ca ngi thc hin thay v ch cp n tn ca h vo phn Cm n. Thm ch phong cch trnh by
lun n l do mi trng t ra m khng c mt nh dng chun no trong c nc, c i khi mt vi ngi
phn bin h ci nhau v cch trnh by ti liu ca sinh vin. Hu ht ngi ta khi lm lun n thng s dng
MS Word hay vit tay ri thu cc dch v vn phng nh my li, v cng vic chnh sa rt mt nhiu thi gian.
Gn y mt s sinh vin cc trng i Hc Quc Gia quan tm n LATEX v s dng n son tho ti
liu khoa hc, y l mt du hiu rt ng mng.
Hin nay cc nghin cu sinh khoa hc cng nh sinh vin cc trng i hc thng c khuyn co s
dng LATEX son tho lun n tt nghip, c bit l khi lun n ca h c lin quan n nhiu biu thc ton
hc. Ti liu c bin son vi mc ch l mt bi gii thiu ngn v cch thit k v nh dng ti liu ca bn
v cch nh ngha cc kiu trang, u ca chng, khc vi phong cch trnh by c in . . . Nu bn bn cha
bao gi ng n LATEX th bn nn tm c LATEX for Complete Novices [5] v mt s ti liu Vit Ng lin quan
c th tm thy VietTUG hoc tham vn cc chuyn gia v TEX trn VNOSS. Ti liu ny vit cho nhng ngi
c nhng kin thc c bn v LATEX.
y l mt \textbf{v d}.
y l mt v d.
1
Chng 2
Bt u nh th no
\documentclass[a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[utf8x]{vietnam}
\usepackage{urwvn}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\pagenumbering{roman}
\tableofcontents
\listoffigures
\listoftables
\chapter*{Li cm n}
\begin{abstract}
\end{abstract}
\pagenumbering{arabic}
\chapter{Gii thiu}
\label{ch:gioithieu}
\chapter{Vo }
\label{ch:vaode}
\chapter{Kt qu thu c}
\label{ch:ketqua}
\chapter{Kt lun}
\label{ch:ketluan}
2
CHNG 2. BT U NH TH NO 3
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{thesis}
\end{document}
Mt s ngi thch t mi chng trong mt ti liu ln thnh mt file ring bit. Bn c th lm vic ny bng
cch s dng dng lnh sau:
\include{tn ca file}
nh ngha
Nu bn ch mun lm vic vi mt hay hai chng, bn c th bo cho LATEX bit nh km nhng file ny vi
lnh:
\includeonly{lit k tn file}
nh ngha
File thesis.tex:
\documentclass[a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[utf8x]{vietnam}
\usepackage{urwvn}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\pagenumbering{roman}
\tableofcontents
\listoffigures
\listoftables
\chapter*{Li cm n}
\begin{abstract}
\end{abstract}
4
CHNG 3. CHIA NH MT TI LIU LN RA NHIU FILE 5
\pagenumbering{arabic}
\include{gioithieu}
\include{vaode}
\include{phuongphap}
\include{ketqua}
\include{ketluan}
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{thesis}
\end{document}
File gioithieu.tex:
\chapter{Gii thiu}
\label{ch:gioithieu}
File vaode.tex:
\chapter{Vo }
\label{ch:vaode}
File phuongphap.tex:
\chapter{Phng php}
\label{ch:phuongphap}
File ketqua.tex:
\chapter{Kt qu}
\label{ch:ketqua}
File ketluan.tex:
\chapter{Kt lun}
\label{ch:ketluan}
\includeonly{phuongphap,ketqua}
Chng 4
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesClass{mythesis}
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{report}}
\LoadClass{report}
dng cui cng trong file ca bn cn c lnh:
\endinput
\documentclass[a4paper]{mythesis}
6
CHNG 4. THAY I PHONG CCH TI LIU 7
\contentsname Mc lc
\listfigurename Danh sch hnh nh
\listtablename Danh sch cc bng
\bibname Ti liu tham kho
\indexname Ch mc
\figurename Hnh
\tablename Bng
\partname Phn
\chaptername Chng
\appendixname Ph lc
\abstractname Tm tt ni dung
\@startsection{type}{level}{indent}{beforeskip}{afterskip}{style}
nh ngha
Bng 4.2: Th t cc mc
phn -1
chng 0
mc 1
mc con th nht 2
mc con th 2 3
on vn 4
on vn con 5
\secdef\@chapter\@schapter
\chapter{Gii thiu}
\chapter*{Li cm n}
\renewcommand{\@makechapterhead}[1]{%
\vspace*{50\p@}%
{\parindent \z@ \raggedright \normalfont
\hrule % ng k ngang
\vspace{5pt}% % thm khong cch theo chiu dc
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
\huge\scshape \@chapapp\space \thechapter % nh s chng
\par\nobreak
CHNG 4. THAY I PHONG CCH TI LIU 9
\vskip 20\p@
\fi
\interlinepenalty\@M
\Huge \scshape #1\par % tiu chng
\vspace{5pt}% % thm khong cch chiu dc
\hrule % ng k ngang
\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@
}}
\renewcommand{\@makeschapterhead}[1]{%
\vspace*{50\p@}%
{\parindent \z@ \raggedright
\normalfont
\hrule % ng k ngang
\vspace{5pt}% % thm khong cch chiu dc
\interlinepenalty\@M
\Huge \scshape #1\par % tiu chng
\vspace{5pt}% % thm khong cch chiu dc
\hrule % ng k ngang
\nobreak
\vskip 40\p@
}}
\addcontentsline{file}{type}{vn bn}
nh ngha
file y l phn m rng ca file trong ni dung c ghi ln. Do vy y s l toc (table of contents) cho
phn mc lc cn lof (list of figures) l danh sch hnh nh v lot (list of tables) l danh sch cc bng.
type y l loi i tng bn a vo phn ni dung nh chng, mc, hnh nh.
text y l phn vn bn trong ni dung ti liu
Chng hn nh, mc ti liu tham kho c to ra bng vic dng cc phin bn nh du sao ca lnh
\chapter nn n khng cn thm vo phn mc lc na, bn c th tin hnh.
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\bibname}
\setocounter{tocdepth}{5}
\pagestyle{style}
nh ngha
\thispagestyle{style}
nh ngha
C hai lnh ny u gi lnh \ps@style thc hin cng vic, v cng chnh lnh ny nh ngha li cch hin
th ca header v footer3 . Do \pagestyle{plain} gi lnh \ps@plain n lt gi cc lnh nh ngha
li header v footer, v \pagestyle{empty} gi lnh \ps@empty . . .
nh ngha mt phong cch trang mi m y chng ta gi l thesis, trc ht bn cn nh ngha mt
lnh c gi l \ps@thesis. K t khi tn lnh cha mt k t @, nh ngha cn nhp vo file phong cch
hay file lp ti liu.
Header v footer cho trang l v trang chn c th c xc nh bng vic nh ngha li cc lnh sau:
Gi s rng bn mun trang mi c header rng v footer c cha s trang vi hai du gch ngang hai bn (v d
-10- ) chnh gia chn trang bn c th lm nh sau:
\newcommand{\ps@thesis}{
\renewcommand{\@oddhead}{}% header trng
\renewcommand{\@evenhead}{}% header trng
\renewcommand{\@oddfoot}{\hfill-\thepage-\hfill}%
\renewcommand{\@evenfoot}{\hfill-\thepage-\hfill}%
}
Ch rng khi bn dng mc nh la chn oneside cho class file report th ch c cc lnh \@oddhead v
\@oddfoot s c kch hot. Cn nu bn mun nh s trang chn v l khc nhau th bn phi nh l dng
la chn twoside4 .
Bn cng c th ty bin phong cch trang bng cch s dng gi lnh fancyhdr ca Piet van Oostrum.
Tham kho thm A Guide to LATEX [2]. Tr khi bn c yu cu, cn khng ti khuyn bn dng phong cch
headings.
Khi bn son mt ti liu ln ging nh l lun n Tin S chng hn, ti tht s mun khuyn bn rng bn
dng BIBTEX tt hn l nh danh sch ti liu tham kho trong mi trng thebibliography. Nu bn dng
BIBTEX:
1. Ch nhng tham kho m bn trch dn c php cho vo trong danh sch thao kho. (Nhng ngi phn
bin hay bt li nhng ti liu tham kho khng c lit k.)
2. Cc ti liu tham kho c hin th theo phong cch nht qun.
3. Danh mc c th c t theo th t trch dn hay theo th t ca bng ch ci.
4. Phong cch trnh by c th d dng thay i bng cch dng cc file phong cch (sty file) khc nhau cho
mc ti liu tham kho.
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{thesis}
V lnh
\bibliographystyle{style}
nh ngha
xc nh rng trong trong file phong cch no ca BIBTEX (.bst) dng khng m khng m rng. V
d trn dng plain.bst v lnh
\bibliography{database}
nh ngha
11
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAM KHO 12
Xem thm trong A Guide to LATEX [2] hoc The LATEX Companion [1] bit thm chi tit v nhng phong cch
trnh by khc v Ti liu tham kho, hy tho lun vi gio vin hng dn ca bn v mt phong cch trnh by
c th no m bn nn dng.
Danh mc trong c s d liu ca ti liu tham kho nn c dng nh sau:
.
.
.
trong loi danh mc xc nh th loi ca danh mc (v d book hoc article). Cc kiu danh mc chun c
lit k trang Bng 5.1.
article Bi bo t cc tp ch
book Sch xut bn
booklet Cc ti c in khng c xut bn
conference Tng t nh inproceedings
inbook Phn, chng, mc trong mt quyn sch
incollection Mt chng trong mt quyn sch c tc gi v tiu ring
inproceedings Mt bi bo co c lu trong bin bn ca mt hi ngh
manual Ti liu k thut
mastersthesis Lun n Thc S
misc Cng vic khng theo qui nh chun
phdthesis Lun n Tin S
proceedings Bin bn hi ngh
techreport Bo co c xut bn bi trung tm nghin cu
unpublished Ti liu khng xut bn nhng c tc gi v tiu
Trong mt danh mc, t kha l mt ci nhn ngn c dng trch dn vi lnh \cite. Nu bn vit cc
ti liu tham kho vi mi trng thebibliography v n c cng argument vi \bibitem. Sau c mt
du phy phn cch cc tn trong vng in tn, vng in tn = vn bn. Vng in tn xc nh tn ca
vn bn v d nh tiu , tc gi. Bng 5.2 lit k cc dng chun. Ch rng mt s kiu danh mc ti
liu tham kho c th nh ngha thm mt s mc khng chun nh email hay url. Xem A Guide to LATEX [2]
hoc The LATEX Companion [1] bit thm chi tit v nhng kiu khng c lit k trong Bng 5.2.
Cc vng yu cu hay la chn cho cc kiu danh mc chun c lit k trong Bng 5.3. Nu danh mc c
mt mc va l mc la chn va l mc bt buc th BIBTEX s b qua. iu ny c ngha l bn c th c mt
phn gi l tm tt ni dung ti liu, v phn ny s c b qua bi phong cch ln danh sch ti
liu tham kho chun, nhng n cng s c ln danh sch nu bn dng kiu trnh by danh sch ti liu tham
kho c mc cho phn tm tt ni dung ti liu. Do bn c th lu tr thm thng tin trong phn
c s d liu m n s khng xut hin trong danh mc ti liu tham kho.
Tn ca cc tc gi thng c nhp vo theo cc nh dng sau:
tn thnh von h
von h, tn thnh
von h, jr, tn thnh
V d:
Danh mc Output ( kiu vit tt )
"Alex Thomas von Neumann" A.T. von Neumann
"John Chris {Smith Jones}" J.C. Smith Jones
"van de Klee, Mary-Jane" M.-J. van de Klee
"Smith, Jr, Fred John" F.J. Smith, Jr
"Maria {\uppercase{d}e La} Cruz" M. De La Cruz
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAM KHO 13
@book{goossens97,
author (tc gi) = "Goossens, Michel and Rahtz, Sebastian v
Mittelbach, Frank",
title (tiu ) = "The \LaTeX\ graphics companion:
Cc ti liu minh ha vi \TeX\ v {PostScript}",
publisher (nh xut bn) = "Addison Wesley Longman, Inc",
year (nm) = 1997
}
@book{goossens97,
author (tc gi) = {Goossens, Michel and Rahtz, Sebastian and
Mittelbach, Frank},
title (tiu ) = {The \LaTeX\ graphics companion:
cc ti liu minh ha vi \TeX\ v {PostScript}},
year (nh xut bn) = {Addison Wesley Longman, Inc},
year (nm) = 1997
}
@inproceedings{talbot97,
author = "Talbot, Nicola and Cawley, Gavin",
title = " Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh v
d liu hnh nh cho vector robust lng t ha",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. Hi ngh
Quc t v x l hnh nh",
address = "Santa Barbara, California, USA",
month = oct,
year = 1997
}
@book{goossens97,
author = "Goossens, Michel and Rahtz, Sebastian and
Mittelbach, Frank",
title = "The \LaTeX\ graphics companion: Ti liu
minh ha vi \TeX\ v {PostScript}",
publisher = "Addison Wesley Longman, Inc",
year = 1997
}
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAM KHO 15
@inproceedings{talbot97,
author = "Talbot, Nicola L. C. and Cawley, Gavin C.",
title = "Mt gii thut sp xp nhanh ch s v
d liu hnh nh ca vector robust lng t ha",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the I.E.E.E. Hi ngh
Quc t v x l hnh nh",
address = "Santa Barbara, California, USA",
month = oct,
year = 1997
}
@article{cawley96,
author = "Cawley, Gavin C. and Talbot, Nicola L. C.",
title = "Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho vector
lng t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu",
journal = "I.E.E. Electronic Letters",
number = 15,
volume = 32,
pages = "1343--1344",
month = jul,
year = 1996
}
@incollection{wainwright93,
author = "Wainwright, Robert B.",
title = "c t t nhng thc phm km cht lng min nam",
booktitle = "\emph{Clostridium botulinum}: Sinh thi
v kim sot thc phm",
chapter = 12,
pages = "305--322",
editor = "Hauschild, Andreas H. W. and Dodds,
Karen L.",
publisher = "Marcel Dekker, Inc",
year = 1993
}
Khi bn son c s d liu cho danh sch cc ti liu tham kho, trc bn cn bin dch ti liu ca bn
sau pht lnh gi BIBTEX ri bin dch li ti liu hai ln cp nht cc tham chiu cho. Nu bn dng
TEXnicCenter,TEXmaker hoc LaTeX editor version 1.2.1 Builde 20050116 Shu Shen (c) 2004-2005 sau khi bin
dch ti liu bn c th click vo menu con BiBTeX gi BIBTEX. Trong TEXnicCenter khi to project mi
bn c th click ln la chn Uses BiBTeX th chng trnh s t gi BIBTEX khi bn click ln icon Build. Nu
bn dng ch dng lnh bn cn g vo nh sau:
Tht ra bn c th nhn c s d liu tam kho ln. Gi s rng ti liu tham kho c nh ngha trong cc file
ref1.bib v ref2.bib, sau bn cn hai lnh \bibliography trong file thesis.tex:
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAM KHO 16
\bibliography{ref1}
\bibliography{ref2}
M t v s khc bit v phong cnh trnh by danh sch cc ti liu tham kho c th hin trong cc
Hnh 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6 v 5.7. Ch rng kiu trnh by ti liu tham kho apalike cn c gi lnh
apalike. bin dch ch tiu Biolography sang ting Vit bn phi dng Notepad++ t ch encode
l Encode in UTF8 chuyn Biolography sang ting vit trong file apalike.sty, khi chnh sa xong, lu
file ri bin dch li ti liu.
5.2 Cc li thng gp
BIBTEX vit mi trng thebibliography cho mt file .bbl. Nu bn gy mt li trong file .bib,
th li ny s c copy vo file .bbl. Cn nu bn sa li trong file .bib, nhng bn vn gp li
trong khi bin dch ti liu, th xa file .bbl i.
Hy nh dng du trch dn kp hoc ngoc mc gii hn ni in tn trong file .bib.
Hy nh t mt du phy cui mi vng in tn ngoi tr l dng cui cng.
Phi chc rng bn ch dng ch ci v cc ch s trong phn t kha.
K hiu ch thch (%) trong LATEX khng cn l mt k hiu ch thch trong file .bib file.
Nu bn in tn vo cc khu vc in tn trong file .bib nhng n khng xut hin trong danh mc tham
kho, th phi kim tra li vng in tn l yu cu hay la chn cho kiu danh mc ang s dng.
CHNG 5. TO DANH MC CHO TI LIU THAM KHO 17
[1] G. C. Cawley and N. L. C. Talbot. Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho vector lng t
ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu. I.E.E. Electronic Letters, 32(15):13431344,
July 1996.
[1] CAWLEY, G. C., AND TALBOT, N. L. C. Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho vector
lng t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu. I.E.E. Electronic Letters 32, 15 (July
1996), 13431344.
[2] GOOSSENS, M., RAHTZ, S., AND MITTELBACH, F. The LATEX graphics com-
panion: Ti liu minh ha vi TEX v PostScript. Addison Wesley Longman,
Inc, 1997.
[GRM97] Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach. The LATEX
graphics companion: Ti liu minh ha vi TEX v PostScript. Addison
Wesley Longman, Inc, 1997.
[3] G. C. Cawley and N. L. C. Talbot, Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho vector lng
t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu, I.E.E. Electronic Letters, vol. 32, pp. 1343
1344, July 1996.
[1] Gavin C. Cawley and Nicola L. C. Talbot. Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho
vector lng t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu. I.E.E. Electronic Letters,
32(15):13431344, July 1996.
[2] Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach. The LATEX graphics
companion: Ti liu minh ha vi TEX v PostScript. Addison Wesley Long-
man, Inc, 1997.
[1] Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach. The LATEX graph-
ics companion: Ti liu minh ha vi TEX v PostScript. Addison Wesley
Longman, Inc, 1997.
[3] Gavin C. Cawley and Nicola L. C. Talbot. Gii thut sp xp nhanh cho
vector lng t ha qua cc knh truyn nhiu. I.E.E. Electronic Letters,
32(15):13431344, July 1996.
Goossens, M., Rahtz, S., and Mittelbach, F. (1997). The LATEX graphics compan-
ion: Ti liu minh ha vi TEX v PostScript. Addison Wesley Longman,
Inc.
nh dng
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.66}
24
CHNG 6. NH DNG 25
Thng 10 nm 2005
\end{center}
\end{titlepage}
Kt qu output c minh ha trong Hnh 6.1.
Tham vn gio vin hng dn ca bn v nh dng ca trang tiu c yu cu nh th no.
\begin{verbatim}
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf{"The chemistry website of vietnam\n"};
return 1;
}
\end{verbatim}
int main()
{
printf{"The chemistry website of vietnam\n"};
return 1;
}
\verbatiminput{tn file}
nh ngha
V D Mu v Lun n Tin S
Tn ca Bn
Lun n Tin S Ha Hc
Thng 10 nm 2005
thit lp sn. Mi trng tabbing cho php bn to cc im dng tab do bn c th tab n mt khong
cch mc nh no t l tri. Trong mi trng tabbing bn c th dng lnh \= mc nh im dng tab,
v lnh \> nhy n im dng k tip, v lnh \< di chuyn ngc li im dng trc , \+ di l tri
sang phi mt tab v lnh \- di l tri sang tri mt tab, lnh \\ s bt u mt dng mi v \kill dng
thit lp bt c im dng tab trong dng hin ti nhng n khng t ng sp hng.
V d:
1. y l v d u tin t ra ba im dng tab:
\begin{tabbing}
Zero \=Mt \=Hai \=Ba\\
\>im dng tab u tin\\
\>A\>\>B\\
\>\>im dng tab th 2
\end{tabbing}
Zero Mt Hai Ba
im dng tab th nht
A B
im dng tab th 2
\begin{tabbing}
AAA \=BBBB \=XX \=YYYYYY \=Z \kill
\>\>\>im dng tab th 3\\
\>a \>\>b \>c
\end{tabbing}
im dng tab th 3
a b c
\newtheorem{theorem}{nh l}
\begin{theorem}
Nu $\lambda$ l mt gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}$ vi
vector ring $\vec{\xi}$, th $\lambda^n$ l mt
gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}^n$ vi vector
ring $\vec{\xi}$.
\end{theorem}
(Xem thm LATEX for Complete Novices [5] nu bn khng bit nh ngha li lnh \vec vector xut
hin di dng in m).
2. Trong v d ny, nh l c nh ngha ph thuc trn b m ca chng. B m nh l s c xc
lp li mi ln bt u mt chng mi:
\newtheorem{theorem}{nh l}[chapter]
\begin{theorem}
Nu $\lambda$ l mt gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}$ vi
vector ring $\vec{\xi}$, th $\lambda^n$ l mt
gi tr ring ca $\mathbf{B}^n$ vi vector ring $\vec{\xi}$.
\end{theorem}
s cho ra output:
\newtheorem{theorem}{nh l}[chapter]
s cho ra output:
4. Trong v d ny, mt cu trc thut ton c to ra. Lnh \hfill\par c dng ngn chn mi
trng tabbing t vic nhy vo trong tiu ca thut ton.
\newtheorem{algorithm}{Thut ton}
V d trn trong khng ng, cc thut gii c xu hng hin th kiu font ch thng ng ch khng phi l
ch in nghing. Gi lnh asmthm m rng chc nng ca lnh \newtheorem v cung cp ba kiu nh
l:
\theoremstyle{definition}
\newtheorem{algorithm}{Thut ton}
\newfloat{type}{placement}{ext}[outer counter ]
nh ngha
\floatstyle{style}
nh ngha
\tn ca float{type}{tn}
nh ngha
\danh sch{type}{tiu }
nh ngha
\floatstyle{ruled}
\newfloat{algorithm}{htbp}{loa}
\floatname{algorithm}{Thut ton}
\begin{algorithm}
\caption{ Thut ton Gauss-Seidel }
\label{alg:GS}
\begin{tabbing}
1. \=Cho $k=1$ n cc vng lp ln nht\\
\>2. Cho \=$i=1$ n $n$\\
\>\>Set
\begin{math}
x_i^{(k)} =
\frac{b_i-\sum_{j=1}^{i-1}a_{ij}x_j^{(k)}
-\sum_{j=i+1}^{n}a_{ij}x_j^{(k-1)}}{a_{ii}}
\end{math}
\\
\>3. Nu $\|\vec{x}^{(k)}-\vec{x}^{(k-1)}\| < \epsilon$,
trong $\epsilon$ l gii hn dng xc nh, stop.
\end{tabbing}
\end{algorithm}
Chng ta c th d dng to mt Ch mc hoc bng tra cu thut ng (danh sch cc thut ng) bng LATEX v
bng chng trnh ng dng makeindex. Mt tng rt hay nu bn a danh sch cc thut ng vo trong
mt lun n, c bit l nu c cc cng thc ton hc trong ti liu ca bn, v cc k hiu c th c gii thch
bng nhiu cch khc nhau. V d, x0 c th c ngha l dxdt hoc n c th c ngha l mt gi tr cp nht ca
x, (hoc n c th l hon v ca x, nhng trong trng hp ny x nn c nh dng nh mt vector). Khng c
g khn ngoan gi s rng ngi c dng k hiu nh bn. Do vy nn nh km mt bng ch mc vo trong
mt lun n, tuy nhin, the LATEX users guide [3] pht biu rng bt c ti khng h cu no di hn hai mi
trang phi c mt bng ch mc. Nu bn ch quan tm n vic to ra mt bng danh sch cc thut ng, ti ngh
rng bn vn cn mun c cch lm th no to mt bng ch mc, danh sch cc thut ng v ch mc chng
c dng tng t sau:
7.1 To ch mc
Nu bn mun to mt ch mc, bn s cn n lnh \makeindex trong phn khai bo (preamble). Lnh
s cho ra output
v t danh mc vector ring trong file .idx file vi s trang lin kt.
latex filename.tex
makeindex filename.idx
latex filename.tex
(trong filename tn file ca ti liu bn ang son, v d thesis) Nu bn cng ang dng BIBTEX, bn
cn tin hnh:
32
CHNG 7. TO CH MC V DANH SCH CC THUT NG 33
latex filename.tex
bibtex filename
makeindex filename.idx
latex filename.tex
latex filename.tex
Tht l mt tng hay to cc sub-entries (danh mc con) trong bng ch mc, nhm gip ngi c d
dng tra cu. V d, bn mun lp danh mc thut ng matrix (ma trn), nhng ti liu ca bn li cp n
nhiu loi ma trn khc nhau nh, ma trn cho, khi v ma trn cng tuyn. Trong trng hp ny th tt nht ch
lp danh mc t matrix lm t tng qut, v c mt danh mc con cho cc loi ma trn ring bit do vy danh
mc cho t matrix c to ra s nhn ging nh th ny.
ma trn, 4, 10, 2224
cho, 12
khi, 20, 24
cng tuyn, 33
Mt danh mc con c th c to ra dng k t !. Nn danh mc nu trn c to ra dng cc lnh sau:
Preamble (phn khai bo u ti liu): \makeindex
Trang 4: \index{ma trn}
Trang 10: \index{ma trn}
Trang 12: \index{ma trn!cho}
Trang 20: \index{ma trn!khi}
Trang 22: \index{ma trn}
Trang 23: \index{ma trn}
Trang 24: \index{ma trn}
Trang 24: \index{ma trn!khi}
Trang 33: \index{ma trn!cng tuyn}
Kt thc vn bn: \printindex
Ch rng cng cc danh mc trn cc trang 22, 23 v 24 c chuyn thnh mt khong 2224. i vi cc
khong ln hn bn c th ch nh trang bt u ca khong bng cch gn |( vo ch cui ca danh mc trong
ch mc, gn vo trang cui ca khong trang bng |) vi phn cui ca ch mc. V d:
Phn khai bo: \makeindex
Trang 4: \index{ma trn}
Trang 10: \index{ma trn}
Trang 12: \index{ma trn!cho}
Trang 20: \index{ma trn!khi}
Trang 22: \index{ma trn|(}
Trang 24: \index{ma trn!khi}
Trang 30: \index{ma trn|)}
Trang 33: \index{ma trn!cng tuyn}
Kt thc ti liu: \printindex
s cho ra trong output ca index nh sau:
ma trn, 4, 10, 2230
cho, 12
khi, 20, 24
cng tuyn, 33
Mt danh sch ch mc c th truy vn n mt danh mc khc dng |see{reference}. V d,
\index{Ma trn cng tuyn|xem{ma trn, cng tuyn}}
s to ra danh mc
nh dng ca s trang c th thay i s dng |style trong style l tn ca lnh nh dng m khng c gch
xin backslash. Gi nh rng trong v d trn, nh ngha ca mt ma trn c xc nh trn trang 10, v do
bn c th mun s trang xut hin dng in m xc nh rng y l phn tham kho s cp. Lnh \textbf
s in ra ch in m, nn bn cn gn lnh \textbf vo danh mc trong ch mc. V d, on m sau:
Khai bo: \makeindex
Trang 4: \index{ma trn}
Trang 10: \index{ma trn|textbf}
Trang 12: \index{ma trn!cho}
Trang 20: \index{ma trn!khi}
Trang 22: \index{ma trn|(}
Trang 24: \index{ma trn!khi}
Trang 30: \index{ma trn|)}
Trang 33: \index{ma trn!cng tuyn}
Kt thc ti liu: \printindex
s in ra output trong index (ch mc) nh sau:
ma trn, 4, 10, 2230
cho, 12
khi, 20, 24
cng tuyn, 33
Chng trnh makeindex sp xp ch mc theo danh mc c xc nh, do t matrix (ma trn) s
ng trc t modulus, nhng $mud$ s c sp xp trn cc k t $, \, m, u v sau l $, nn s ng
trc matrix. iu ny c th khng thch hp, do vy c th xc nh cch sp xp ch mc ring bit dng k
t @:
\index{mu@$\mu$}
Trong trng hp ny vic sp xp c thc hin trn chui mu, nn n s xut hin sau t modulus, nhng n
s xut hin trong ch mc l . bit thm thng tin v cch to ch mc bn hy c the LATEX users guide [3],
The LATEX Companion [1] hoc A Guide to LATEX [2].
\index{"@}
s a k t @ vo ch mc.
Ti c nhiu danh mc trong mt mc. V d:
matrix, 10, 22-30
matrix, 4
Kim tra xem argument bn dng cho mi lnh \index tng ng phi cng mt argument, ch khong
trng v lnh makeindex s x l cc danh mc sau theo nhng cch khc nhau:
\index{matrix}
\index{ matrix}
\index{matrix }
CHNG 7. TO CH MC V DANH SCH CC THUT NG 35
Bin dch ti liu ny s to ra mt file vi tn m rng .glo cha thng tin chi tit v bng ch gii thut ng.
Bn c th dng chng trnh makeindex x l nhng danh mc trong bng ny, nhng bn cn iu chnh
mt cht.
1. Bn cn to mt makeindex style file (file phong cch) mi m n thng bo cho makeindex tm kim
\danh mc thut ng thay v \danh mc trong ch mc, v to mi trng theglossary
thay cho mi trng theindex. Hy gi makeindex style file mi ny l thesisglo.ist. u tin
chng ta cn t t kha "\\glossaryentry":
t ka "\\glossaryentry"
khai bo "\\begin{theglossary}\n"
khai bo ph tr "\n\n\\end{theglossary}\n"
By gi chng ta cn thng bo cho makeindex dng phong cch ny s dng chn la -s, v bn cng
cn nh r file output, n nn c dng m rng l .gls, s dng chn la -s:
(Gi s rng ti liu chnh c cha filethesis.tex v bn chy LATEX trc khi gi chng trnh
makeindex.) Ch rng bn ang dng thesis.glo ( c to ra bi cc lnh \glossary) m
khng phi l file thesis.idx (c to ra bi cc lnh \index)
2. Theo mc nh, makeindex s dng file vi phn m rng l .ilg nh log file, c th bn mun i
file ny trnh xung t vi index log file. V d, bn mun gi log file ca bng ch gii thut ng
thesis.glg:
y l mt v d dng gi makeglos:
File sample.tex:
\documentclass[a4paper]{report}
\usepackage{makeglos}
\makeglossary
\begin{document}
CHNG 7. TO CH MC V DANH SCH CC THUT NG 36
\printglossary
\chapter{Gii thiu}
Mt tp hp\glossary{tp hp: B su tp cc i tng}
thng c biu th trong mt font th php,
v d $\mathcal{S}$.
Phn t ca tp hp\glossary{phn t ca tp hp:
S cc i tng trong tp hp} ca $\mathcal{S}$
c k hiu l $|\mathcal{S}|$.
Tp hp hn tp\glossary{tp hp hn tp:
Cha mi th} th thng c k hiu l $\mathcal{U}$
\end{document}
File ca makeindex l style file, sample.ist, s ging nh th ny:
t kha "\\glossaryentry"
khai bo "\\begin{theglossary}\n"
khai bo b tr "\\end{theglossary}\n"
Sau bn cn thc hin
latex sample.tex % bin dch file sample.tex
makeindex -t sample.glg -o sample.gls -s sample.ist sample.glo
% to ch mc, bng tra cu thut ng theo cc la chn.
latex sample.tex % bin dch li file sample.tex
Tiu ca bng tra cu thut ng (tn mc nh l: Glossary) c th thay i bng cch nh ngha li lnh
\glossaryname. Nu bn mun bt c on vn bn no xut hin u bng tra cu thut ng bn ch cn
nh ngha li lnh \glossaryintro. nh dng ca argument cho lnh \glossary command th tng t
nh vi \index, do bn c th dng @ ch cch sp xp danh mc, dng | ch nh lm cch no
nh dng s trang lin i v ! dng xc nh cc danh mc con (mc d iu ny khng thch hp cho mt
bng tra cu thut ng). Nu bn gp rc ri, hy tham kho mc 7.1.1 tm bin php tho g trn trang 34.
Bn cng c th download file sau: thesis9.tex v thesisglo.ist s minh ha cho v d ny.
Bn c th dng Perl script makeglos c cung cp trong version 2.0 ca gi lnh glossary:
latex sample.tex
makeglos sample.glo
latex sample.tex
Phong cch ca bng tra cu thut ng c th ty bin. Nh trn tiu ca bng tra cu cc thut ng (tn
mc nh l Glossary) c th thay i bng cch nh ngha li lnh \glossaryname. Phong cch ca bng tra
cu thut ng c th thay i dng cc la chn ca gi lnh m cc la chn ny c dng t kha=gi tr:
Cc la chn border, header and cols khng nn dng trong vic lin kt vi style=list, chng ch c
ngha vi la chn kiu bng. V d:
\usepackage[style=long,cols=3,border=plain]{glossary}
1 la chn ny ch c trong version 1.1 v cc version sau ny
2 la chn ny sn c trong version 2.0 v cc version sau ny
3 la chn ny sn c trong version 2.0511 v cc phin bn sau ny
CHNG 7. TO CH MC V DANH SCH CC THUT NG 38
Nu bn mun chn thm thng tin u hay cui bng tra cu thut ng bn c th nh ngha li cc lnh
\glossarypreamble v \glossarypostamble. Bn cng c th nh ngha thm cc i tng phong
cch cho bng tra cu thut ng, nn bn s c thm la chn cho cch trnh by bng tra cu thut ng trong ti
liu ca bn. V d, mt bng tra cu ca mt s thut ng v mt ch mc ca cc hm ton hoc ca cc k
hiu. Bn c th download version mi nht ca gi lnh glossary ti http://theoval.cmp.uea.ac.
uk/~nlct/latex/packages/index.html#glossary.
Download download thesis10.tex lm v d.
Chng 8
Mt vn chung m cc nghin cu sinh thng gp khi vit lun n l c bo li Nhiu Float Khng c X
L. Li ny pht sinh do c qu nhiu hnh nh v bng trong Chng kt qu nghin cu v khng c nhiu
dng ch c nhp vo xung quanh chng. Nu iu ny xy ra th c mt s bin php m bn c th th:
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\afterpage{\clearpage}
Nu cn nhng vng mc cha gii quyt c, tham kho phn FAQ trn TEX Archive [4].
39
Ti liu tham kho
[1] The LATEX Companion, Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach and Alexander Samarin, Addison-Wesley
(1994). (Cited on pages 12 and 34.)
[2] A Guide to LATEX2: document preparation for beginners and advanced users, Helmut Kopka and Patrick
W. Daly, Addison-Wesley (1995). (Cited on pages 8, 10, 12 and 34.)
[3] LATEX : a document preparation system, Leslie Lamport, 2nd ed. Addison-Wesley (1994). (Cited on pages 32
and 34.)
[4] The TEX Archive. http://www.tex.ac.uk/ (Cited on page 39.)
40
Ch mc
!, 33 \Chng, 6
, 34 \chapter, 8, 9
\+, 27 \chaptername, 7
\-, 27 \cite, 11, 12, 16
\<, 27 class file (.cls)
\=, 27 article, 6
\>, 27 cmpreprt, 7
\@chapter, 8 mythesis, 6
\@evenfoot, 10 report, 2, 6, 7, 9, 10
\@evenhead, 10 slide, 6
\@makechapterhead, 8 \clearpage, 39
\@makeschapterhead, 8 \contentsname, 7
\@oddfoot, 10
\@oddhead, 10 \danh mc thut ng, 35
\@schapter, 8 \danh mc trong ch mc, 35
\@startsection, 7, 8 \danh sch, 31
\abstractname, 7 \endinput, 6
\addcontentsline, 9
algorithm mi trng, 31 figure mi trng, 30
\appendixname, 7 \figurename, 7
\floatstyle, 30
bng tra cu thut ng, 32
\baselinestretch, 24 \glossary, 35, 36
\bibitem, 12 \glossaryintro, 36
\bibliography, 11, 15 \glossaryname, 36, 37
\bibliographystyle, 11 \glossarypostamble, 38
\bibname, 7 \glossarypreamble, 38
41
CH MC 42