The Comparison of Conducted EMI Measurement between the Small Loop

Antenna and a Conventional LISN

P. Khamphakdi, Junichiro Urabe*, W. Khan-ngern, C. U-yaisom, V. Tarateeraseth, Katsumi Fujii *,

Yasushi Matsumoto* and Akira Sugira*

Faculty of Engineering and Research Center for Communications and Information Technology
King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, 10520 Thailand.
Phone/Fax: +662 737-3000 Ext.3322, E-mail: kwerachet@hotmail.com
* Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.

Abstract: This paper presents the conducted The noise current composes of common mode and
emission measurement by a small loop antenna differential mode noise. The noise current in Line 1
comparing with the conventional measurement by and Line 2 are equal to i1 and i2 as shown in eqns. (1)
line impedance stabilization network (LISN). The and (2), respectively.
small loop antenna measurement method can i
measure common mode and differential mode noises i1 c  id (1)
2
on a pair of power lines at the same time. The DM
i
and CM can be measured separately. This is a new i2 c  id (2)
method for measuring the conducted EMI on power 2
lines of electrical equipment without LISN. The
theory of the new method of measurement is The common mode current is defined by
introduced and analyzed. The result of the
comparison is discussed. ic i1  i2 (3)

1. Introduction The differential mode current is defined by

There is a problem for conducted emission i1  i2 2id (4)

measurement on power lines of electrical and
communication equipments that the noise i1  i2
id (5)
measurement cannot separate the common mode 2
(CM) and differential mode (DM) noise. The
conventional measurement need to use the LISN. i1 and i2 will be transferred to I1 and I2 by radiated
This method can measure the total noise only. For induction process through the antennas which have
this reason, a new measurement method by small the transfer coefficient (F).
loop antenna[1] is developed by Research Institute of Common mode current noise is defined below
Electrical Communication, Tohoku University;
Sendai, Japan to measure the conducted EMI on the V1  V 2 Vc (6)
Ic I1  I 2
power lines instead of the LISN. The CM and DM Fi Fi
can be measured separately and at the same time.
Where,
2. Theory Fi1  Fi 2
V1 Fi (7)
2
Line1
Line2 Differential mode current noise is defined below
I1
i1 iC 2  id 1 1 V1  V 2 1 Vd
id Z
Id ( I1  I 2 ) ( ) ( ) (8)
Vdm i2 iC 2  id H EUT
2 2 Fs 2 Fs
C p1

C p1
Vcm Zcp I2 C p2
Where,
Fs1  Fs 2
Ground iC Fs (9)
2
V2
Figure 1: Concept of common mode and differential The conventional differential and common mode
mode measurement. voltage noise [2] as shown below





Vcm I c Z cp (10) figure 3. In this case, equipment under test (EUT) is
a switched mode power supply, where output signal
Vdm I d Z EUT (11)
is sent to EMI receiver to monitor. The EMI receiver
detail is shown in figure 4. The EUT is shown in
Eqn. (6) substitutes to eqn. (10) to determine the figure 8.
relative of common mode voltage. The new proposed method is shown in figure 5. It
consists of two small loop antennas attached on
Vc parallel lines. As the currents (i1, i2) flow through the
Vcm ( Z cp ) (12)
Fi Line1 and Line2 which induce the magnetic field to
the loops then they cause current (I1, I2). These
Eqn. (12) shows the directly proportional relation currents pass though the loops impedance. After that
between Vc and Vcm as shown they are transformed to be the voltage signals (V1,
V2). These signals are fed to 0 and 180 degrees
hybrid junction respectively for summation or
Vcm D Vc
isolation then sent the signal to EMI receiver for
display. The hybrid junction is shown in figure 7.
In the same concept, the differential mode voltage is
Finally, these signals are transformed to id, ic by
equals to eqn. (8) which is substituted to eqn. (11).
eqns.1 and 2 respectively.
1 Vd
Vdm ( )( Z EUT ) (13)
2 Fs
EMI
Eqn. (13) shows the directly proportional relation receiver
between Vd and Vdm as follows:
Vd+Vc
Vdm D Vd .

Vcm and Vdm get from measurement by the LISN.

Vd and Vc get from measurement by the small loop EUT
LISN AC
antennas. (SMPS)

When
i1 : current flow on power line 1 follow figure 1
i2 : current flow on power line 2 follow figure 2
I1: current signal is induced by i1
V1: voltage signal transfer from I1 Figure 2: The EUT connects to the LISN.
I2: current signal is induced by i2
V2: voltage signal transfer from I2
Ic : common mode current
Vc: common mode voltage get from Ic
Id : differential mode current
Vd: differential mode voltage get from Id
Vdm: differential mode voltage
Vcm: common mode voltage
Cp1, Cp2, Cp1, Cp2: parasitic capacitor between
line1, 2 and ground
ZEUT: impedance of equipment under test (EUT)
ZCP : total impedance of parasitic capacitor
Fs: transfer coefficient of the antenna use sum port of
hybrid junction follows figure 5
Fi: transfer coefficient of the antenna use isolate port
of hybrid junction follows figure 5

Figure 3: LISN EMCO model 3810/2

3. Measurement
LISN Specifications
The conventional conducted emission measurement Network Inductance Impedance 50:, 50/250PH
using the LISN suggested by CISPR 16-2 [3] is Frequency Range: 9 kHz to 30 MHz
shown in figure 2. The detail of LISN is shown in Continuous Current Rating: 10 A





Hybrid Junction Specifications
Frequency Range 0.1MHz 150 MHz
Maximum RF Input Power 1W
Impedance 50 Ohms
Connectors BNC

Figure 4: EMI receiver

Agilent model E7401A 9 kHz-1.5 GHz

Shielded
loop antenna
v1
Parallel line vd v1 v2 Figure 8: Switched mode power supply
EMI (Buck converter) 50 W is EUT.
EUT i1 AC Hybrid
(SMPS)
10cm
i2 circuit receiver
4. Experimental Results
3mm vc v1 v2
20cm
Use small loop
Use LISN
v2
Vlisn in Vd_loop in Vc_loop in
Figure 5: The EUT connects the small loop antenna. dBuV unit dBuV unit dBuV unit

Vd_loop in Volt Vc_loop in Volt

Vlisn in Volt

Vt_loop
=Vd_loop+Vc_loop
(Volt)

V_diff =Vlisn- Vt_loop

(Volt)

V_diff in dBuV
Figure 6: Conducted noise measurement by small
loop antenna test. Figure 9: Step of transformation unit for plot the
Design for measurement at 1MHz to 30 MHz. graph.

The step of transformation the unit is shown in

figure 9. The step composes of two paths. The path
one is using LISN while another path is using small
loop antennas. The first path, total Noises (Vlisn) are
measured by the LISN in dBuV unit. After that, they
are transformed in volt unit to make the comparison.
The second path, noises are measured by the
antennas which compose of two parts. They are
differential mode voltage (Vd_loop) and common
mode voltage (Vc_loop) in dBuv. Then, they are also
transformed in volt unit. They will be combined to
Figure 7: Hybrid junction for isolation or summation total votage noise (Vt_loop). These values will be
the noise. compared with Vlisn. Finally, the results will be





transformed in dBuV unit. The measured result of 5. Analysis
using LISN and the antennas are shown in figure 10.
The trend of noises from measurement by LISN The measured results of small loop antennas are
(Vlisn) looks like the small loop antenna (Vt_loop) at different in measured results of LISN. However, the
frequency range 1 MHz to 20 MHz. There are trends of conducted EMI are similar. The output
differential of noises levels (V_diff) shown on figure difference may be caused by many parameters such
11. The differential level has uppermost level at as the distance between the wire and the loop
about 90 dBuV and lowest level at 55 dBuV. antenna. This is significant parameters. Then, the
antennas must be closed to the power line or should
be adding amplifier for increasing the signal strength.
small loop Vs LISN Vd_loop
However, the closer may caused another parameter
100 Vc_loop
90 such as increasing in parasitic capacitance. At
Vlisn
80 frequency range grater than 20 MHz must be
Vt_loop
70 improved by redesign the antenna. In the other hand,
60 the impedance of the circuit is changed by LISN,
dBuV

50 which affect to EMI emission.

40
30
20 6. Conclusion
10
0 The new method for conducted EMI measurement
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 by small loop antennas is presented and compared
MHz with the conventional LISN. The trend of measured
results is similar to the conventional method by LISN
Figure 10: Comparison of the voltage noise between at 1MHz to 20 MHz. The measurement method can
using the LISN and the small loop antennas. separately measure the common mode and
Measurement frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz differential mode noises on a pair of power lines at
the same time. This is a new method for measure
Vd_loop : diferentail mode voltage noise from the conducted EMI on power lines of electrical
measurement by the small loop antennas equipment without LISN. The offset of the signal
Vc_loop : common mode voltage noise from the should be compensated due to the gap effect between
mesurement by small loop antennas the loop antenna and the wire.
Vt_loop : total voltage noise by Vd_loop+Vc_loop
Vlisn : total voltage noise from the measurement 7. Acknowledgment
by LISN
Authors would like to express thanks to Asia Pacific
Differential between V_LISN and Vt_Loop
100
Telecom unity (APT) for their supporting.
90
80 8. Reference
70
60 [1] P.Khamphakdi, W.khan-ngern, Junichiro Urabe,
dBuV

50
Katsumi Fujii, Yasushi Matsumoto, and Akira
40
30 Vlisn-Vt_loop Sugira, Conductive noise measurement by small loop
20 antenna, report of HRD programmed for exchange
10 of ICT researchers and engineers, Asia pacific
0 telecommunity(APT), Febuary March 2003.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 [2] John C. Fluke, Sr., Controlling Conducted
MHz Emissions By Design,Van Nostrand Reinhold, New
York.,1999,12-14.
[3] CISPR 16-2: 1996 Specification for radio
Figure 11: Differential between total voltage noise disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
measurement by the LISN and the small loop methods: Part 2: Methods of measurement of
antennas. disturbances and immunity.