5/1/2017 2WindingTransformerModelsOpenElectrical

2WindingTransformerModels
FromOpenElectrical

Contents
1 PositiveSequenceModel
2 ZeroSequenceModels
2.1 EffectsofCoreConstruction
3 References
4 RelatedTopics

PositiveSequenceModel
Thestandardpositivesequence
modelforatwowinding
transformerhasthefollowing
perunitparameters:

Up =primaryside
terminalvoltage
(pu)
Us =secondary
sideterminalvoltage
(pu)
R w,p =primary

windingresistance
(pu)
Xl,p =primary Figure1.Positivesequencetwowindingtransformerequivalentcircuit
windingleakage
reactance(pu)
R w,s =secondarywindingresistance(pu)

Xl,s =secondarywindingleakagereactance(pu)

Xm =magnetisingreactance(pu)
R c =eddycurrent/corelosses(pu)
Ip =primarycurrent(pu)

Is =secondarycurrent(pu)
Ie =magnetisingcurrent(pu)

ZeroSequenceModels
Thezerosequencemodelofatransformerdependsonthewindingandneutralearthingarrangements.Thefigure
belowpresentssimplifiedzerosequencemodels(ignoringthemagnetisingbranchandwithallleakageimpedances
lumpedtogether)forthemostcommontypesoftwowindingtransformerconnections.Notethatallimpedances
areinperunitvalues.

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Figure2.Zerosequencetransformermodelsforcommonconnections

Akeyinsightabouttransformerzerosequenceconnections
stemsfromoneofthefundamentaltenetsoftransformers:a
currentwillonlyflowinonewindingifthereisa
correspondingcurrentintheotherwinding(ignoring
magnetisingcurrents).

Thisisimportanttounderstandwhyzerosequencecurrentcan
flowinadeltawyetransformerwiththestarpointearthed.
Clearlyonthewyewinding,zerosequencecurrentcanflowto
earththroughthestarpoint,butzerosequencecurrentmust
alsobeabletocirculateinthedeltawindings. Figure3.Zerosequencecurrentflowsinadelta
wyetransformer
Thisalsoexplainswhynozerosequencecurrentcanflowin
wyewyetransformers(withonlyonestarpointearthed).A
zerosequencecurrentwouldneedtoinduceacurrentintheunearthedwyewinding,butthereisnowhereforthe
currenttogo.Thusitisshownasdisconnectedinthezerosequenceequivalentcircuit.

EffectsofCoreConstruction

Thesimplifiedzerosequencemodelsintheprevioussectionignoredthemagnetisingbranch.Forshelltypeand5
limbcoretypetransformers,thisisareasonableassumptionsincethezerosequencemagnetisingreactanceislarge
andsimilartothatofthepositive(andnegative)sequencemagnetisingreactance.

However,caremustbetakenforthezerosequencemodellingof3limbcoretypetransformers.Theshapeofthe
coreissuchthatduringunbalancedoperation(i.e.presenceofzerosequencecurrents),thefluxisforcedtotakea
pathoutsideofthetransformercore(lowreluctance)andthroughtheair,tank,oilandtransformerframe(high
reluctance).Asmagnetisingreactanceisinverselyproportionaltoreluctance,thehighreluctancepathcausesthe
magnetisingreactancein3limbcoretypetransformerstobesignificantlylowerthanin5limbcoretypeorshell
typetransformers.

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Thisisparticularlyrelevantforwyeconnectedwindings,especiallyYyn(orYNy)connectionswithonlyonestar
pointearthed.Wementionedpreviouslythatzerosequencecurrentscannotflowinthisconfiguration.Butfor3
limbcoretypetransformers,thealternativefluxpaththroughthetank,oilandframeallowsforsufficientzero
sequencecurrenttobeinducedandcirculatearoundthetankandframe.Inthisway,thetankandframeactslikean
internaldeltawinding.

References
[1]Blackburn,J.,"SymmetricalComponentsforPowerSystemsEngineering"(http://www.amazon.com/gp/
product/0824787676/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=openelect20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=3
90957&creativeASIN=0824787676),CRCPress,1993

[2]Tleis,N.,"PowerSystemsModellingandFaultAnalysisTheoryandPractice"(http://www.amazon.co
m/gp/product/0750680741/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=07506
80741&linkCode=as2&tag=openelect20),Newnes,2008

RelatedTopics
TransformerImpedance

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Categories: Transformers Modelling/Analysis

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