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SteelBeamDesign
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SteelBeamDesignBreakdown
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Theproblemwithsteelbeamdesignisatfirstglanceitisreallyreallysimple.Thenyougetintolateraltorsional
buckling,webbuckling,etcandit'slikeyou'retryingtoreadabookwhileit'sonfire.The9theditionAISCsteel Home
manualdidadecentjobatbreakingdownhowtoanalyzeforthevariousfailurecriteria,butwiththe13th Glossary
editionitbecameverydifficulttogetthingsdoneright(nottomentionthefactthatattimesthesteelmanualwill
ContactW.E.
referenceotherbooksifyou'dliketoproceed).Butthatisneitherherenorthere,Iwilldomybesttoexplain
howbesttosolveforabeambyhand. BecomeanEditor
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Steelbeamdesignhasmanydifferentchecksandcriteria,thecommononeswillbeexplainedfurtherhere:
EngineeringDirectory
SimpleSteelBeamDesign
SolvefortheAllowableMomentofaSimpleSteelBeam
FindtheStressinamemberandcompareittotheAllowableStressofthebeam Construction
SteelBeamShearStrength
SteelBeamFlexuralStrength? ElectricalEngineering
SteelBeamFlexuralStrengthSpreadsheet(usingAISC13thed.)
Checksfor:CompactSection,LateralTorsionalBuckling,andFlangeLocalBuckling. Environmental
SteelBeamCompactSections
SteelBeamLateralTorsionalBuckling GeneralEngineering
SteelIBeamLateralTorsionalBucklingDesign
SteelChannelLateralTorsionalBucklingDesign Geotechnical
SteelChannelLateralTorsionalBucklingSpreadsheet?
SteelBeamWeakAxisBending
Structural
TheBasicstoSteelBeamDesign: Statics
Mechanicsof
Materials
StructuralAnalysis
Aluminum
Concrete
Masonry
Steel
Wood
Transportation
WaterResources
Miscellaneous
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Fig.1:MomentCapacityvs.UnbracedLength
Steeldesignisbrokenupintoavarietyofsteps.Youhavetochecktomakesurethebeamisbracedoften
enough,youhavetochecktomakesurethewebdoesnotbuckle,youhavetochecktomakesurethereisn't
toomuchsheargoingthroughthebeam.Allofthesechecksarenormallydoneautomaticallywithwhatever
structuraldesignprogramyouuse,butifanalyzingabeambyhand(whichwithtoday'sSteelCodeshave
becomequitethetediousprocess),itcantakequitesometimetofindtheactualcapacityofasteelbeam.That
beingsaid,the
Designofasimplebeam(usingASD?)canbedoneoneoftwoways:
1)Findtheallowablemomentactingonthebeam:ForCompactSectionswithadequatelateralandvertical
support,thenominalflexuralstrengthofasteelbeamis:
Mn = Fy Zx
where:
Mn=TheNominalMoment(notethisisnotthedesignmoment)
Fy=TheYieldStrengthoftheSteel(e.g.36ksi,46ksi,50ksi)
Zx=ThePlasticSectionModulusinthexorstrongaxis.ZxissimilartotheSectionModulusofa
member(itisusuallyaminimumof10%greaterthantheSectionModulus)(in3)
TheNominalMomentwillbemodifiedbytheSafetyFactor(b)tobecome:
Mn Mn
M =
b 1 67
where:
M=YourDesignMoment
b=TheSafetyFactorforElementsinBending=1.67
E#1:
GivenanA36Wmemberthatiscompactandproperlybraced,withaPlasticSectionModulusof41in3findthe
allowableMoment.
ShowSolution
NotethatA36steelhasayieldstrengthof36ksiandthen:
1)TakeMn=Fy*Zx=36ksi*41in3=1476kin
Mn 1476kin
2)UsingtheSafetyFactorb:M =
b 1 67 =884kin
TheAnsweris884kin
2)ComparethestressactingonabeamtotheAllowableStress:Themorecommonwaytosolveforthe
allowablebendinginasteelbeamistocheckthebeamagainstitsallowablestress.Reworkingtheequationin
Section1aboveyoucancomeupwith:
M
fb =
Zx
Fy Fy
Fb = = 0 6 Fy
b 1 67
fb Fb
Mostcommonsimplifiedbendingequation:
M
fb = Fb 0 6 Fy
Zx
where:
fb=Thecomputedstressinthebeaminbending
M=Themaximummomentactingonthebeam
Zx=ThePlasticSectionModulusinthexorstrongaxis.ZxissimilartotheSectionModulusofa
member(itisusuallyaminimumof10%greaterthantheSectionModulus)(in3)
Fb=Theallowablestressofthebeaminbending
Fy=TheYieldStrengthoftheSteel(e.g.36ksi,46ksi,50ksi)
b=TheSafetyFactorforElementsinBending=1.67
E#2:
GivenanA50Wmemberthatiscompactandproperlybraced,withaPlasticSectionModulusof18.5in3anda
momentof141kin.Doesthememberwork?Whatisit'sdesignratio?
ShowSolution
NotethatA50steelhasayieldstrengthof50ksiandthen:
1)Takefb=M/Zx=141kin/18.5in3=7.62ksi
2)UsingtheSafetyFactorb:Fb = Fy 50ksi
b
= 1 67=30ksi
3)Sincefb<Fbthenthemember'sdemandislessthancapacityandthereforeitiswithintheallowable
bendingstressofthebeam.
4)TofindtheDesignratiotakefb/Fb=7.62ksi/30ksi=0.254
Thememberisat25.4%capacity
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